Page -4 dcuhat is phenol formaldehyde nesin? Wie docen gone peopenh er of phenol fermoldchyde vesin Ainge Phenol formaldehyde are synlhelic high polymen poduced by +he reaction tolth cohieh can be P phenol and subsfiluted phenol colth formaldeh y do. Some. peopertiaa of phenol-forraldenyde Nesiyn — @ th has good meehonical and electnical insulation property: @ Th also has real ond flame resistance. Gi Trey one easy “fo mold \nto avaviety of shaper. - @ They ane hand and Rigid, with good dimensional stability T+ canbe both @ They have some good color. normally Anansparent and colourless & atte down The Mechanism of pheno} formal | dehyde nesin synthesis. Ans The formation of a hydeoxymeshy}] phenol is produeed by neaeding phenol and fopmaldehyde at the ondho and pana siteThe hydnoxy methyl! group is capable of peacll ng with cidhen one hyinoxy methyl qroup on anothen {nee ontho op pana ae cwolich ancater nesin by methylene and cthen bnidae : oO ot x cHpon Woke BM poet 3! f 7 Selly 1 7 y CuZOH heat ety iA ' Ww + to 4 one hone oyPeg co ic Novolae and Resolé? lupite down f 1 he} te p sone difference between them Anse Novalae Yesin ? Novolae is pResel acid ealaly zed phenol de vesin and ant made. by -fonmaldchy ar excess of phenol to -formal- using A ynol de hyde. He 7 oxalie acid i an ’ —_ +e e ex(0) + ey, We8 (oy Ol 4 H F/pea phenol Formaldehyde n Novolae nesin Resale Pesin ? Resale ts base -catalyzed phenol -fermal- dehyde. nesin excess of for mal dehyde oy ot and ave made by molar su 7 bese W _——> + 7 ow a F/P2 4 pranal Fenmalsebyde (excess)pit enene cl 7 Novolac = lH usually obfain in acidie medion In. Phenol -fonetionalily tg optho and para 5. Can be enoss linked 4. Thenmoplastic 5. Soluble in aleohol , Jowen ester, ketone and dilute alkali kc. Formaldenyde phenol pation is }ess 4ran) 1. ce between Novolae and Rcsole ~ Re sole ee eT ETT arms usually obtain in 4 Pasie medium 2+ Phenol fine tionality ig ortho, wmcta, para 4, @noss linked 4. Theamoset polymer 5. Not soluble after complete. anos linking 6 Formaldehyde. pheno] netio 1S qrenten than on equal 4° BLupde down some nesiy« \ Anss Ysey of ‘phenol foema in eleetmical equipment QO They ane we 4 \achyde resin — G Also used im building ponels -gecns and bean ings: user of plunol -fermaldehyd:Page ob f : / cy TRey con be used mM chemical eulpacnt } wy In alaplane ports w) Try on be poimanily used [or mvoetng eboceit boands Jike Ped. &twha} is melamine -fermaldehyde pesin ? Mention gone poopentica of them: Biss ; Melamine -fonmalde hyde. pesin ane fhose Vat made by 4he eondengation of melamine ond formaldehyde monomens. game. propeatar of melamine formaldehyde vesin: So peop W They are hand, very dunable. Wy) “Grood fine and heal pesisknae. iy Clea end colorless dy Con into products of light color be molded _ &) Vensotile thenmose Hing cam ioplast. E.waide down some “ser of melamine fermal - dehyde nesin, Ww Used as om insulating and sound pro » mater al-Page -06 S cleaning abrasive tip Used as (iii) Can be used for manuteret und of mony pnoducts ike kitehenwone , looninart és, powtale poands end floon ‘len. : uy Used fore monufactine of “Fone. nesistan } fi b20s and tadiler. &unite down the synthesis pnoeess of malam)ne fonmaldehyde- nesin } Anss i fanmaldenyde mesin polirasily mace up —Malamine ~ of by the enosslinking of rmelamirie. ond -fnrnal- Melamine vaacts with foomaldehyde, dehyde * enden slightly alkaline conditions to, farm methy|omelamine- : { NH x ett NH- CHO S ol” SH S ag Ea NS NN BN 0 re wen ty, et j ! ot j oondensedtion of methyto- | Funthen heat nq aouse melaminePege op 3 HN = Clty TOT Che 7 OH a ~N noon = WA le n> yet OW ’ pen? Naz Hw Mt y We z Ci 7 thae-O = NN I a z pen? NH -CH2 “OW = I 4 CHL \ \ 0 ; ‘6 what ts unca-fonmaldehyde resin? Mention some. poojen Heo of them. Anse yea fo rmaldehy dc nesin 1s & non thonsparent Frenmoseting polymer produced -fhom nea ond fPomaldehyde - Some. pnopentin of thm given below — @ High tensile stoenath @ High heat distor ton tempenatane. @ Low ustenr absonption . Go High gowrface hand ness @® Mold shnmks duning the process of cooling Land solidifyingPage - O8 cwore down the synthesis pracess of unea~ jenmalde hyde nesin one peaction of anen ard fonmaldehyde one divided into to stage Finst Stage: Alkaline aonden ection to foRM mone, di and -fni methy loluneas Nie o eNt2 es =e =e + @=O0 SS 2= Cy + OH” —> OF Sn TW” wna — Bamaldende By ony L Nig oe? nee eee vee oe eee ee OFC NN HOH “Nicol e4poH ; di tc ronomellylolunea ||SoH : meee Nh -CH2OH ~ etl OH nos Len one mae ° S yc tte: 04 hfe city Ot Selb on { -Amimethy jo] unea, - Nt MN UNH: ety" in O=e @=0-02@ SN B= CHCO- CHe~ HN N Nig: Cry O° Cig 7 Nite: Cle OCH HN = CHy- O7 CHa NH Nexo if @=0 O=0 Nt wane HN S-an-oH He 40H ety oF Fi/ ’ Rye-09 second stage ¢ Aeid condensation of methylolureas te form +hon yngaluble nose linkod fiostly goluble and pesin: un CONH (Cte NH COND AFT Bvaite dodan Some user of uner formaldehyde aesin: Ans 2 4. They ane used in laminoter, tachler, paper, eurinkle pestetant -fabnies. aatton blends, -foam. ant fetal sree: 2. Used a8 % coating Bo electrical appliances sach as desk lamps urea -foomaldenyde vesin used a sloce- rele ce of imegen in famine: also used as AN Insulation foam 3. Sdn qe XAPage - io epoxy nesin @ Woite docon the prapen- 6 whet \ aang sen of epory VESIN- Heo, synthesis Anss Epoxy resin ane one kind of peactive polymen which Comfain exe] epoxide. Qnospr y resin — some. pnopertiea of epox heaper and -fstee ® Epoxy is neanly always ¢ thon welding ® Epoy has encellent ‘vests @ Try nas eat nesiskmee. @ Superb re. chanical sstpength ond [ow cosy Gans taueson : anes. to Chemicals Some Uses of epoxy nesin— ® Epany yesin widely used “fo adhesive panpse @ Epeny vesin ts cased in the pooduetion of Insulator , motors, -pronsto nmeng and generons - @) They are used oe porting in dinyens, Lrskes, Steve), ;Poge-i4 ty They Me used in eleehMonies cord electvicn| system ond other industrial — applicat{ on wv) They also used in Jewlry -as odor ing pesin fo? deconctlons ond labels: Synthesis of — epory resin — Cun 5 1 ay Noo, wo<_ > oon + Hye-cu-ctker ——> Cha O. 2x es te—eu -019- D- e+ -0- ety GH ~ Ctl of CD. Sth os -e-< O- Cty Cu - ety Clio . ” Sl operfie} G.ruhol 's polyester? cani{e docon some. properl OF poly este, “Ans: 1 Polpestem ts a esten funetional gros Sof Ahan maln chain. Aype of polymen thot eontaln in every vepeab unitf f f 7 Pgete Some poopentiea of polyester - @ They ane dunable nature ® They ane stner 4 enough Hhaf nmcans tas dent fear, stoet ch -o? pill easily jike e@otton @ moisture pesistant @ Can be coonse @ uyon- biodegan clabl & @ Con vetams tp Shope Qchow dhe synthesis process of polyester and dhe some use o Anes Synthes!s of polyesteo — gyn tests of polyester con loa oblained by poly conden goon rene Hon Grenenal Yeretion ocean chy the neaction of dial with a dlacid (m+t) ROH) 2 + nR'(000 Hg ol ROOER'200 },,ROH 4 H20 n con pe obtatned A wide nange of polyrne aleohdysis from — whieh acids and aleohals, ond acidolysts gues yelow — oma ON N 4 YO- Raw 0 ORB 6 row RK tthee 0 Rime —_ ron fi —k ro LOR anh Kt HOH RowenRage-15 Lo att we kR'& 4 O- Rom i Co TE, magi” af ° K+ ou 5 uses of — polyeste?— : ty tg used far making) sails oF sail- boat at @ Th is used for making walen poey feo fine- fighting opevations @ ‘t+ is mined with cvool -foe mrakiirg suits @ th ts mixed with e@atton for making Shiets, -+ousers and odhken dpesses: @ th ts used in making Habries for shanecs dress material and curtains: @ Th Is aged in computer neconding feapen cond elechical inselation. Q. whol ts polyarni de 1 Show Some pooperhy oF dhun- Ans: Polyowni de one kind of polymed tn eohieh Ane ve peal 9 antts ‘in @ long male ealar “@haln ane Inked ogee by cammide qrovrs:/ f / some pooperlin of polyomide — Cc Giood fotigue nesistan ee @ texneillen| flexibility and odaplebility / thikeness pesislonee Gp fos low @ Gio dueamal @ Hghsco Bbaasion Nesistaree They ane Commision nesistince @ a waite down Some Uses of polyamide. Anse some sen of polyamide given below? Inne, eleeti- oO Polyorns de ts ased tn fishing eal eonnectans gears quiter pieks psteings and medical ivnplants “fer qlain better Sinength ond flexibility. @ Tey oe used in texhle motentals (ike clothing ond conpets. Qy Tey also used in protein production in oun body:hegent6 , : 1, Desenibe the pnepanahea ~ 7 prepanation of Nylon 626 Ans? : Pacpanction of Nylon 6:6 give below « 8 o " tt Hom Ctigh~C- OH + HyN- (Cth). Nil adipia actd henamethyl ene dioring [net 8 6 3 " Wg 3} 2 y= @- (CH2y -@-0° || Hy (CHa) Nitg harancthy lene dlovemoniam adipecle soll { } o 4 tl u ' t —ar-(Clig} —E- N-Cre- No] + 2tho nylon 6 6 6, What is polyethylene? conite down Vt pooper }ics, uses ond synthesis of polyethylene ane Polyethylene on polythene is a synthe Ne q nesin Avo mode. {nam polymanization of cthyleve. Te ts onc of Ah most used polynen pkste in thy cond- Rege ib propenth® of poly ethylene ~ @ The me chanical sinength of polyethylene. 5 velatively lower then other plasties. a TH ts Wi ghly ductile wy Have & wouy dexlune w) Good incalator of eleetnie current wy) Te is quite similan te these of porerfin. (i) Ir is considen as & poor pooHally evysklling plaste usen of polyethylene. given below — t) The most impootent application of pely- etylene isn packaging products. IF Is vastly used im production of ples tie. bogs . plastic films, bottler etc: i) High density polyethylene. Is used in toys, Rope. gp bage. eorkiinens, ice drys and other hrwsewarre diy PE is abe used in nopa, lishing nots. ago ieeHawa pots, industotal -apnies. 1+ also used in wivings and cabler- © WW Low density poly ethylere As cased In piper and Aisingsa Page-(% w) Polyethylene. is also used fon aable Jackel / : : kell as tt 6 a goed eleetnie Msulajon, "4 synthesis of — poly ethylene. — Polyethylene ts made -fnom -he polymerization of ethylenc monormen. aJula H aH Ma eae ee ya=es — p-ey @7e- 4 “7 y } 1 | | 4 nt @ what (s PVE? desenibe the pnopentier, uses and pre panostion of pve: Anes “pve ts @ high Steena th Ahcomoglaste palymen made from the palymen ration of viny} chloride. Poopeahey of PYC — dy pve {5 4 good insulation mateptal sly 14 has high proved ness and mechanien| propenten Vi) Heat stability is poor Ww Chamieolly nesiskmt 4o acid, salt, base fat and aleoholfosje- iS w Tt {s easier +o ectrude o ld , yn mo wit ts very dense compain fo tn + +he mos: plaslies. gome uses of pve — cy PY@ helps to produce siding and window efoome frat ane erchnemnely dunahie. affordable and ‘help to consepve energy when heatleg and cooling Nome. y and waten by ai) Pye nelps Consenve encng creating virally Joak- free pipe - thiy pve. has huge opplicaction im packaging. tw) #2 pve’s affordability, dunabilfty and ccaten nesistance make it ideal -for pam acats, boots and shower auntains. commonly used 40 -fonm +e isuty wines. W pve Is mectepial on electnie Ww) pve plastic is aged +o manecfactane bottoler frat have capplieation In a wide warge OF Industoiey.proprration of pye— Rye 19 pvc is produced by the polymemreation of vinyl chloride monomer Ju a Wy ey i my ree PEF hoo n & thal Is palystynene 7 Show {he synthesis “process of polystynene. - Anss Polystypene ts synthetic. anorectic hydno- canbon polymer made from the monoreen Kknecon as sty pene - Syn thests poocess of polystynene— ig made by {he free Vedjeal Polysty pent addition polymeniration of dypenc. in Me pnesenea of —-bemoyl peooxide ag catalyst. CHE CH2, —CH- Clg (ces ¢0),02. inihecion n polystyrene/ / / 6. cunite down some poo 5 Page 20 : end poysty Nene p £4) and asey of AnSs Propeaticn of polystyrene — “iy TE ts amorphous, aolonless transparent dnenmoplas tic dy Tb ts rigid battle and velahvely dy Tk has aceellent gonna nadlod on nesistanee ww) Good eleetnieal pnopenh 1 w Poon ehemieal and UV vesistanee Na) Melting point ts 240%. hand gome aser oF polyslynene given below — cy Polystyrene 1s used for making telaum pow der. . ; dy Th ts used foo making polysizrene plastic. tie small Jars, bottle caps and storage contatnans. diy H is Used for making oudlo eagsedtes, used feo making poly stypene. wit is also poly stypene foam, bnush products [ike sheets handle) and aombs.,. wl t Rye 24 Z What 1S neue! ond synthelie wubbern pas : Nafural Rubber? Neluwal naubbew je a biosynthelic polymen obtained from lorax and }nec aalled hewa Tk con synthesize -foom vatune. Synthelic rubber: Synthetic wubber ig made by Ike. polynwai- ation of petroleum-based products, Tl con be synthesize from enude oil by. pooducts by using salution op emnulsion polymeriration -\ cehaiquen E, wralfe down Sore properttien of nalunol ord syntaehe nubben , finse pngpertiy OF vedluma) rebhen — Ww High tensile. slnength UW) Has moderate nesistance. -fo denog, exposune to heal, light and ozone in tho ain, thy TH eon odhene to \tself ag well as ethon Material e “from Poopenttas of synthetic om oubber — Wy BeHen nesicfonee ey aboasion Y SUpemon vecistanee ro Yeal end effects of agingf Youe 99 an) Flame nesistonee Ww) Flexi ot ecw tempers MW) Resistance to gnoace ced oi] G. Write down the different Wpeluren nolunal end syndnedie nu bben \ finss DU fe rence belwron natunial ond cynthia. nubben qiven below ¢ ~T Natenal eabben Synthetie ve ubben 4, Norlunally ocewe in Me plont|® Synihesised from crude ‘ oll by-products by using cells t 7 solution on emulsion 2. Try ane hond and sheky TE hoslaw tensile strength | 2 yh las Mah tensile 9: Co gh Stoegth 3 2. Thy ane soft and sticky Gr hos low elastiesty [4 Tk kes Tigh alestieity 5. Mpnomens ane diffenent tn each synch nubbeo type, 5. Monomer tnelude eig-1.4- 'Sopnens. eT | 7 eth “ Hlvble in solvents |ike|S I is insoluble in most WY aan bon of ne common solvents Petnol e+e. 2% Pro . Peohy Wen Change ane diffical} fo [9+ Phopentiean eon be a us 1@cagin| to suit the final appli tedna chlonia