O 8 5 5 t To familiarize oneself with the primary documents in different historical periods of the Philippines. BCH Cla rosea AtalUI Lb elt ce BCom e)celeay Mesias) LUT La mete CMa leel ne cca fl Recta Utne glee at as ea Ue Breet Rue soca Laue aaie lias) document.The historian’s primary tool of understanding and interpreting the past is the historical sources. Historical sources ascertain historical facts. Such facts are then analyzed and interpreted by the historian to weave historical narrative. Using primary sources in historical research entails two kinds of criticism. The first one is EXTERNAL CRITICISM and the second is INTERNAL CRITICISM. EXTERNAL CRITICISM examines the authenticity of the document or the evidence being used while INTERNAL CRITICISM examines the truthfulness of the content of the evidence.Who is Antonio Pigafetta? = Famous Italian traveller born in Vicenza around 1490 and died in the same city in 1534, who is also known by the name of Antonio Lombardo or Francisco Antonio Pigafetta. Initially linked to the order of Rhodes, which was Knight, went to Spain in 1519, accompanied by Monsignor Francisco Chiericato, and Was made available from Carlos V to promote the company initiated by the Catholic Monarchs in the Atlantic. Soon he became a great friendship with Magallanes, who accompanied, * together with Juan Sebastian Elcano, in the famous expedition to the Moluccas begun in August of 1519 and finished in September 1522.Who is Antonio Pigafetta? — He was wounded at the battle of the island of Cebu (Philippines) in which Magellan found death, The output of Seville made it aboard of the Trinity; the return, along with a handful of survivors (17 of the 239 who left this adventure), in victory, ship that entered in Sanlucar de Barrameda (Cadiz) on September 6, the designated year. In the last years of his life, he traveled by land from France to finally return to Italy in 1523. He wrote the relation of that trip, which was the first around the world, Italian and with the title of Relazioni in lathe to the primo viaggio di circumnavigazione. Notizia del Mondo Nuovo with figure you dei paesi scoperti, which was published posthumously, in 1536.Who is Antonio Pigafetta? — The account of Pigafetta is the single most important source about the voyage of circumnavigation, despite its tendency to include fabulous details. He took notes daily, as he mentioned when he realizes his surprise at Spain and see that he had lost a day (due to its driving direction). Includes descriptions of numerous animals, including sharks, the Storm petrel (Hydrobates pelagicus), the pink spoonbill (Ajaja ajaja) and the Phyllium orthoptera, an insect similar to a sheet. Pigafetta captured a copy of the latter near Borneo and kept it in a box, believing a moving blade who lived in the air. His report is rich in ethnographic details. He practiced as an interpreter and came to develop, at least in two Indonesian dialects.ST Cae ee eee eee MEd ee sel a enh AR UL ae) ot Ree neu A a ccd CO we a a Cs nN ee ete Deen an oeThe Ladrones Islands,. '— The Ladrones Islands is presently known as the Marianas Islands. _ Tendays after they have reached Ladrones Islands, Pigafetta | reported that they have what he called the Isle of Zamal, now _ Samar but Magellan decided to land in another uninhabited island for greater security where they could rest for a few days. fs On MARCH 18, nine men came to them and showed joy and eagerness in seeing them. Magellan realized that the men were reasonable and welcomed them with food, drinks and gifts.On March 25, Pigafetta recounted that they saw two balanghai (balangay), a long boat full of people in Mazzava/Mazaus. The leader whom he reffered to the king became closely bonded with Magellan as they both exchanged gifts to ‘one another. ‘After afew days, Magellan was introduced to the king's brother who was also a king of another island where Pigafetta reported that they saw mines of gold, ‘The gold was abundant that parts of the ship and of the house of the king were made of gold, This king was named Rata‘Calambu, king of Zuluan and Calagan (Butuan and Caragua), and the first king was Raia Siagu.= On March 31% (Easter Sunday); Magellan ordered the chaplain to preside a Mass by the shore, The king heard about this plan and sent two dead pigs and attended the Mass with the other king, Pigafetta then wrote: “when the offertory of the mass came, the two kings, went to kiss the cross like us, but they offered nothing, and at the elevation of the body of our Lord they were kneeling like us, and adored our Lord with joined hands.” ‘This was the first Mass in the Philippines, and the crass would be famed Magellan's Crass which is still preserved at present day. This was the same cross which Magellan explained to the kings as a sign of his emperor who ordered him to plan it in the places were he would reach and further explained that once other ‘Spaniards saw this cross, then they would know that they had been in this island and would not cause them troubles.PS Tt RCM: Thc)Pigafetta was left on board the ship and was not able to join the 24 men who ‘went to the gathering because he was nursing his battle wounds The natives had siain all the men except the interpreter and Juan Serrano who shouted at the men an this ship to pay ransom so that he would be spared but he was left on the island for they refused to go back to shore, ‘The fleet abandoned Serrano and departed. They left Cebu and continued their journey around the world.E NN eter ; iaaillilts yy ee The KKK and the | a “Kartilya ng Katipunan” iY | Ze , ij jit+The Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK) or Katipunan is arguably the most important organization formed in the Philippine history. “The two principal aims of the KKK as gathered from the writings of Bonifacio: 1 Unity of the filipino people 3 Canaratinn fram cnain hy maanc nf rounliution“= Bonifacio came out after the failure of the reform movement headed by Rizal and M. Del Pilar. This paved way for a more enepieal andRizal doubtless approved the first aim but refused to accept the second and this was the reason that he refused to go along with the “Katipuneros” (soldiers’ of the Katipunan) and voluntarily surrendered that leads him to prison and death. - To achieve unity of the Filipinos, propaganda work must be done and this was through massive education and civic trainings of the Katipuneros. To that end, Bonifacio prepared his now well-known decalogue, and Jacinto his famous “Kartilya ng Katipunan” (Primer of the Katipunan)—These are the rules in Kartilya. The Kartilya can be treated as the Katipunan’s Code of conduct which contains 14 rules that instruct the way a Katipunero should behave.etek ina iee ttre Cee eee ee ieee aC Re eae EW Magee ec ea ats PRC een ei eB eee lea Bed SNe eee ema UR la R a a aR ar Ce peu eee eee ne a ug) knowledge, wealth and beauty are to be understood, but not superiority CrsBelow is a translated version of the [aU l(c e] am el gal he} 5. The honorable man prefers honor to personal gain; the scoundrel, gain to honor. 6, To the honorable man, his word is sacred. 7. Do not waste thy time: wealth can be recovered but not time lost. 8, Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor before the law or in the field. 9, The prudent man is sparing in words and faithful in keeping secrets.Below is a translated version of the [aU i (=m elem <-] gal he} 40. On the thorny path of life, man is the quide of woman and the children, and if the guide leads to the precipice, those whom he guides will also go there. 11. Thou must not look upon woman as a mere plaything, but as a faithful companion who will share with thee the penalties of life: her (physical) weakness will increase thy interest in her and she will remind thee of the mother who bore thee and reared thee. 12. What thou dost not desire done unto thy wife, children, brothers and sisters, that do not unto the wife, children, brothers and sisters of thy neighbor.Below is a translated version of the rules on Kartilya | 13. Man is not worth more because he is a king, because his nose is aquiline, and his color white, not because he is a *priest, _a servant of god, nor because of the high prerogative that he ‘enjoys upon earth, but he is worth most who is a man of proven land real value, who does good, keeps his words, is worthy and honest; he who does not oppress nor consent to being “oppressed, he whe loves and cherishes his fatherland, though he be born in the wilderness and know no tongue but his own.Below is a translated version of the rules on Kartilya 14. When these rules of conduct shall be known to all, the longed-for sun of liberty shall rise brilliant over this most unhappy portion of the globe and its rays shall diffuse everlasting joy among the confederated brethren of the same rays, the lives of those who have gone before, the fatigues and the well-paid sufferings will remain. If he who desires to enter (the katipunan) has informed himself of all this and believes he will be able to perform what will be his duties, he may fill out the application for admission.KATIPUNAN a8 SA-MAY NASANG MAKISANID SA KATIPUNANG ITO a — BUT Mele) rag Tes) ea PO Ce Felco OM CMe eer gee sity eR (cole ete ce ed) force with which to tear the veil that obscures intelligence and thus find the true path of reason and light” — The strong oath was documented and signed with the signed with the blood of the “Katipuneros” (blood (blood compact). They swore at the Katipunan creed; Katipunan creed; to defend the oppressed, fight the fight the oppressor even to the extent of supreme self- supreme selt- sacrifice.KATIPUNAN aa8 SA-MAY NASANG MAKISANED SA KATIPUNANG ITO so — One of the most important Katipunan at ese documents was the Kartilya ng : ee ers tasers Katipunan. ae tig gee Passe a ‘ “e ~The original title of the document was MASNS Gitte uma cee) “Manga (sic) Aral Nang (sic) Katipunan ng a i pena ” einen lta mga A.N.B! sipan a ag ty paca . Or “Lesson of the Organization of the esos —/Sons of Country”.ding “The Proclamation of the Philippine Ir— june 12, 1898 - The Philippine Declaration of independence was proclaimed in Cavite el Viejo (present day Kawit, Cavite) — Filipino revolutionary forces under General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the sovereignty and independence of the Philippine Islands from the colonial rule of Spain.— 1896 - the Philippine Revolution began. Eventually, the Spanish signed an agreement with the revolutionaries — Emilio Aguinaldo went into exile in Hongkong. At the outbreak of the Spanish-American war.- Commodore George Dewey ae - sailed from Hong Kong to = Manila Bar leadin a | Wr squadron of U.S. Navy ships. _ — May 1, 1898 - the United States defeated the Spanish in the Battle of Manila Bay. seat — the U.S. Navy transported “GE Aguinaldo back to the ¥ Philippines.Independence was proclaimed on June 12, 1898 _ between four and five in the afternoon in Cavite at the ancestral home of General Emilio Aguinaldo. The event saw the unfurling of the National Flag of the Philippines, made in Hong Kong by Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo, and Delfina Herboza.THE PROCLAMATION ON JUNE 12 — The declaration was not recognized by the U.S. ee. A nor Spain and Spain later sold the Philippines to vi ; ; the United States in the 1898 Treaty of Paris ended the Spanish-American War. — Philippine-American War - The Philippine Revolutionary Government did not recognize the treaty or American sovereignty, and subsequently fought and lost a conflict with United States.—1964 - President Diosdado Macapagal signed into law Republic Act No. 4166 designating June 12 as the country's Independence Day.ope and ture. ’ Jeremiah 29:11