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    12 views170 pages

    3

    Uploaded by

    Jacob MMM

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    B.H. Kanuunua, B.®. Mankvn MATEMATHYECKAR we pDpoda Cede taste kee ad B.H. Kannunua, B.®. Nanknn MATEMATHYECKAA CTATHICTHIKA Vaqanne yereeproe, ucnpasnenHoe Slonywero Miiwcrepcreom obpas0sannn Pocewiickom Denepauman 8 KavecTBe weGuaKa Ana cTypeHfos o6paz08aTenstbix yNPexNeHA cpenwieto npoceccronanbHoro OBpas0BaKnA, OB yHaIOUIMKCA no cre\MaMbHOCTAM MHiPOpMaTMK H BEIMHCKHTeNHO! TeXHMKH pDpooa MOCKBA 2002 YAAK 519.2(075.32) BBK 22.1729722 K17 Penensemtu: AP duts.-Mar, Hayk, pop. H. A. Xoameonuxooa (sas. kaexpoit matemaruxu MPTX «Crawku>); Acp 9KOH. Hays, mpod. M. P. Equmooa (oan, katbeapoit crarneruin TYY) Kammmma B. H. K17 — Marematuueckaa crarucruxa: Yue6. aust erya. cpea. enet yue6. sanexemuii / B. H. Kanuunua, B. ®. Taxsute. — d-e usa, Hemp. — M.: [Kpoda, 2002. — 336 c.: wat. ISBN 5—7107—6039—0 B yoGnue (S:¢ wa. — 2001 +.) conepacaren uaaGoriee nesenive pasxerss arewarHicexo crarnerint oneninanine sHesORAIX KapaHFEpHETAK H 3aROMO Dacnpexenen enystailuol wenn, mposepxa rinoves, auterepewosmsi i Koppensuwonuo-pecpecenomus anata, 9 Taicke neoOxOANDNe 22" MOHAN him site pasaenow coeArenien no Teopiin Heposrmocrel. TpsnezeHs pHs 4 ympasxaenitn, 4% pasop H Deusesinn, rpadeseoxate nnznerpan B ywcbiine mictiwetin ronpock! erartertueckoro Monemiepowstics CnY%al mune neater u cucrese uacconoro OGexymtmanita 1a DBM, wHpoKo menozt- Syesore onemanicrayon, Kotopsie paGorab » oGtoerse nperpaMrsponania 1 wenozsoosausia DBM. Hag emydenmoa cpednux cnequanonex yeecuex sasedenui INK 519.2(075:32) BBK 22.5720722 ISBN 5—7107—6039—0 © 000 «Alpoe, 2002 OFJIABJIEHHE. Tipemucsosue et 6 Buenenue : 24 acre 1 Ochommse nourris xomGmurropae Tapa |. Paswemesus, nepecraionen, coverant 'f LL Mipapiao ysuowenws ue coxenus § 12! Prawewese 413. Tepecranomes $18 Conerama acts I Saemenrs: reopm neporrnocret Taaag 2. Qononie nourraa reopan neporocre 3) Se a 1 See ee H een ania : oa ee rafts See eee eee 3} foie Seer ne é (eee oo meaa S Eee Sere coe i raph eee : i g 4. My 1 ym (He iar 3 rad haere a é § 5.1. TlousTae cayvaiinoh serrsani 4 1 A Se se soe j § 5.3. byt pacnpenerenus neposraocreit @ $54. Tlaormocrs pacnpemeneuus seposrwocrelt n [2 Bem grees Shas é : ince = eee {Baie pemee 2 eas ee == : ans ace it jem Gem rapsarpaneeess i foneee erie 8 ‘ce se an ee ea | eet aes 8 : ieee eee e ie oe {ena a i Yaers UL Mavewarecaas crarmeraca Taana 8, BuGopomie anarorn saxon pacnpesexenis 4 scnoniix xaps- Tepicran cxyiaiinod pena Tenepamnan cosoxynsocrs 1 buidopia Bapiisumowate panda SSopownue anaaore inicrpankiol x anbipemoannoi bya out pcapescoane Homan ravivpana arucrascocne xapaxtepncruri fonnnx pao Gpemee apnpucerusccror. ir ero. cnohcrn BuGopowan scnepont vce ceolcraa Bucoporm fart H Werparuae Nowe, Aewierpn Ynpomewsi cnoco® sunwcicns crarnctacocw xapanvepnctine apatnonnen pio CCaricraectoeonsnaine neon apanrepncri cyano Home’ Totenan Gacnte cod apiniepncinw Sahai woh sete choficruaroxeenOR OUCH 2. Towease olen watewatwaccroro Oxitann Mm inchepei 3, Userocrs eax Toxeman oucnxa neponTiocr® cobMtHR ‘4. Meronis doxyyeiun Yoveutuit lene 5, Mspawerpinccnoe onetnnaiive akon pacipeaetcnia Moume™ 06. wnteprartnol oueneewcoROR xapaKTepuctiet 1. a 8. 10. Ciyeaiect® carat Httnepramsne omen japewerpon ropuainoro pacnpese rena Mivebeancnas oscweaoponrnacrn coos Tonarnc aomepwremnon ‘once Fauna 10. Dpompes crnrncrcore, ranores ols derge creased rwovons Oovobast anh pone 102 Fipooepes iors 2 wcaowit Swen apron” NO Muvaore. yocnpeneacmmn $103. Mpovepen Uanstento” patcncipeoarsaraaccais” oss Zlpxtopuasnyun plcapeaeso ¢wssceraaton tere pane § 104. Honey ware 0" pancrerssareuanwaecn Ox Ripe topuastcn poctpearel & seceTnoin, Pama Setnepenat $105 mapas adie 8 piece scp a opus re § 105, Ppobepe rnnorcn& scion Senin Spon cobra 10%, pone ‘nmoresu,o pmsenerac ncpormoce 1108, Honea mores otdaen Sorows pecpescseni ical Coban Flip Faaga 11. Qcvons ancepenowvoro anata PLM. Soropescopmu saenpevonnert 8 F112 oydanropnn scnepnomlt mac Sins Siw isin Taapa, 12. Koppensuontoperpeccnonnat saan; Tia homme dymmusonaranon, croxctaseecol w xoppCiaonnok peaceaoets toma pepe ne § 122. Fenmatence soppertingnnte omic” Ero” caoicina $1B3. Bustpottce vopktimunonnoe orsoucne Ero susenmocts ; 5 ; ‘4 Tvetnan Qyuauns perpecehn. Tenepaciousil xombueNT Kop: penmuue 12. Hose "toppeaniins. BuiGoponsut’ koxbpuumewr xoppeanuun 125s; Meron wanes enanparoa. Muneinoe ypaanenne perpeccns 132 132 132 nT 43 143 154 158 160 162 162 168 14 176 182, 188 199 198 202 203 203 207 2a 28 23 24 240 2a 287 266 ma 283 289 {Sopornioro sweivoro ypannesna oaks Lappe, er a 29, Tipnnep weenelnon yHktunn perpecciit 13. Meron craricriascekx. newisran 132 Monesmponaime eayealinod sexsonns Re panwonepi pac: aeretwem na orpeare [0,1] 3133. WRrnum cays emsram sa SBM $134. Monemposarie nocseaonaresanocts cxyvahiin crisrannit $135. Monenposatine Jucxpermol eaysallno® asashst $136 Moseimposanne itenpepusnoR caysaiwol accu 13.7, Ipveneame Merona Cravcracorix Menara ¥ wone;iupona: $1 ho cic uacover ofciyaasinas me Tipnoxesa . 8 1 299 502 306 306 NPEAUCTOBAE Hacromuk yseGume wanucat 8 coorsercraum c nporpammoR xypea «Mare- MarwvecKan cTarueTuKa», yTSepAEMHOM AIA cTIeWHambuOCTH «ITporpaNspoRaHME ana Gucrponelicroyioune MaTeNaTINECKiA MAUD. Ler» xypca—wsxomur® ocHosti TeopiM REpoRTHOCTeH M_ MaTEMaTINECKOMt Ccrareruxa, woyeaiouiel saxouoMepwocr Maccoshx caywahunx aasemull. B xsre DaCcMaTpHRAOTeR BERNE NeTORS! H MpHeMGi OGpaGoTsM pesymoraToD Ha Gmonewul, swaume xoropux eoGxomMo cospemewmiomy nporpamnacry mpi paspaGorxe anropurMon pewenus npaxruccaux sagas Vaenscres swananne luMpoko Menomayewomy wa BM weroay cTaTHcTHNeCKiX MeTUATaMl; npuBonATes [MPHMep MOREAPOBAKKR CHCTeMBI MaccoBoro O6CAyRNBRHIA. amie 5 yweGuure suman me romeo pasuacumor oGuiereoperuvecene Roxoxesu, Ho M sAarnesHO wuslccrpupyioT poIMOxHBe OGmICTH npHaoxenE MaTeMaTHWecKOl crarwcTiEH, MMOTME 3anINK OcHOBNIBaIOTeH ML PeWeNM KOM feMACKIX nOtIpOCoB, NO2TOMy Pera irenepHEX, 2xOKOMMMECKHX HM HocTEaOR X mum cneayer oTHecTHce © AOTRIAM BHNMANKCM. Boenenwe, ra 9—13 w § 65 sancaut BH. Kaswumwo#, ea. 1—8 B® Manama, Apropht upaxaior Gaarosapiiocre B,J. TamGosuesy a AK. Konne 20 peueuposanne pyxoncn KHKTH mH KAyYHOMY PenaxTopy npop. B. H. TyaKORY. Coenamuise un saMewanux cnocolcrsosam yayeutenmo xHMK. ABTOpM TaKKE yay NpuaHaTeANII RoeM, KTO NpWUIAEY COOK KPHTHHECKHE 1aMENAHKR H NORE kg, vanpannewnie a yaysulenwe ear Aamopea BREAEHME Lem aye —omvcamne, oSsecuenme m npeacrasanwe annem nelersuTem WocTH Ka OCHORe YeTAHORIEHHUT 3AXOMOR, WTO TOBORET HAXODDTTS peuTeHUn 2 TunNUUR coryannas, B ccwove wayyunix sHanit aexwT, waGmioaeune. [lax oGuapyacHns o6uieh saxooMepuocTH, KOTOPoH MONWHRETeE aa.ieMKe, HEOGXOAKMO MHOFOKPATHO Ero maGmomTs = ommaxosux yoromusx. Yem 2x0 BunBANO M WTO TOMMATS nom onmtarosiiv yeroRN? Muorue sB3euie oxpyxaioUeTo Mupa ssaiMHO cBRAMLI H BAABIOT oAHO sma apyroe. MIpocteaure ace caso M Onpenemins aAuKMNE EMRIOK ¥O WX Ha anemic we Berm mpencranareres noswoxitn, TlosTomy orpatutansiores oyseMNeM BIHAHNA AUN OCKORHX darropos, OnpeAeamIoNBA Teenie anne Tlox ommaxoninan yonosusMn ua6sioneNAl w TlomoaeTea coGmonenue Bo Bcex aGavoneemax mpaxrivecen OIMHaKOBNIX sHaYeMM OcHOBMEX daxToPoR. Pacoworpun mpuMep. Craior, xopollo oTmxeumlt 8 uasate puGorLi, co npeneueM Teper Kacrpolixy, pexyLuth MicTpyMeRT aaTyNAKETCR, TOM npKnoaieT yayaluienmo xasecrsa oGpaGoTen wsmeqwl, Tlocrasieua sazaxa—onpeneni MoMewT, KOFAR cheayer OCTawomTe craMOK M NpOBECTH ero nomNAsIaMEY LUE ‘ovewrrs woerpymewr. J138 onpeneaema stor MOMeHTa mposepaior xa¥ecTso wororosseunaix eranel, HaGmonesue, mponenenoe nocte sByx sacos pa6oTsl cramma, oxazao, 979 woneawe Me oTnewer yeraNontemim TpeGonaNuaM. Tipwanwolt Momer Gus xasecTao sarorosey, cxyuailine wMeHeMNs pexuMa pAGOTHS crana. [lo eaaniemomy sanepy embse npumuNaTs peweawe 06 ocTaHOBKE CTanEa Hyaqus aonommerensane sanepu. Cromxo z0axWo 6117» nposeneo wa6zionewi? Kax o6pa6oran. pesynerera uaGmonewll u enenars oSocHonaume mpaKTuveceue suisona? Floayuert oTpena a 3TH Bonpoces No3pOAReT MaTEMATHVECKAM CTATHCTIE. Paccmorpa cule oak npumep. Wccxenosaret wirepecyer 2aaucmMocrs ypoxaitocru onpenenenuoll xysturyph oT xomYecTaa oNEceHuBX ynoGpenutt H xasecrat oGpaGorxu movwu. Jie auiecwewia TOK sasneuMocrH coOparnt cencins 06 ypoxaltiocra, xomvectae execenicux yao6penuh % xaecrse 06- paGorxn no zocTaTosHo Gonkwomy sHcay oAMMAKORKX yracreoR (npuMepHO © OnMMAKOMAMN TOYBaMK, KINMATINECKHME YeHODMAMH, Opramnaimtel pa6ors no e60py ypoxas u 1. a1). Kax, senonbayR 9TH CBEACHAR, KONHNECYBCKHO OWEN eKIAMMIBSIOMTY!OCR B cPesIeM IABNICHMOCT YPoxaiulocTH OT KoTHNECTBA BHCEREX yaoGpenul 4 xayecrea o6paGoTia Novak Hf HeuORLAONATE ce ALIA peAMNeNOAR ypoxaiivocra? Ha >vor nonpoc raexe suet oTReT wareMaTHNeCKAN craTHcT¥a 7 ALag wapoxoro xpyra aMeWIR pH coxpaxeuun nocroRMINH ocwonNAtX Yye200HH cuMeTaMKi OTMeNAETER MeOAMOSMANMOCTS MOAy EWU pesymbTaTOR. Tipunepom taxwx caysaiiinsx seit cayxaT norpeumocra soMepewnit. omepan ORKK M ToT 2X NPEAMET, HANPHMEp BIBCWHBAX ero Ha ANBAMTHNCCRH RecaX smioro pas, noaywor Gansene, HO pce RE pase pexysiraTH. 310 ‘OGsACHACTES TEM, TO pexyTATET KARAOTO WIMEPEHIUR CONEPAHT cAyWARNyHO norpeumocrs. TIpenputers 2ry dorpemlocrs, a caeaosaremo, m pesyabrar Kaxnoro xoMxpeTHoro waMepenns HEAKSA, OxDIaXO ecaM onpeReseHNAM O6pAIOM CHCTeMATKHDOBATS PeDy5MTATH: SOMEpeHIL, TO OKRXCTCA, TO B NX WOMCHEHH MOxHO YAWRETS NeKoTOPyi waxoHOMEpHocTs—cTaTHCTINeCKyIO YeTOHSHROCTS Hayienne sro aaxowoNeptiocrn moapoaer, HanpuMep, npenauserh ® cpeauiem pesyaerar cepin asMepenl Marewaruseceas crarueTiea—nayea, wnysaiouas Meronst OGpaGoTKH peay2b- yaTos waGimonenuh waccomsx cayyalur xmteul, oOnanaiouK craTucTH¥eCKOl YyeTOlsMBocrt10, saKOHOMEpHOETLIO, C ETAIO BLABAEHE 9TOM sAKOHOMEPHOCTH Bulgoakt o saxoHoMepsocTax, KOTOpHM NonWMNROTER sAeMUS, HOYYAEMIE Me- ‘ToMAMH MaTeMATHNCCKOH CTATHCTIEN, Cerna OCHOBMIBAIOTER HR OFPSUINCHIOM, suGopowo wwcne HaGnionen. [px Gomuen sucne waGzroneun 21H auipoass Moryr oxasaTact wmanen. Zag auuecema Go2ee ompenenemoro saxtiowelna © MAKOWOMEpHOCTAK BAENR MaTEMATHVECKAA CTATHCTHEA OnMpAETCA Ha TEOPULO eposroctelt B ornie oF MaTeMaTHecKOll craTWcrUKH, HMeIOWIeH RETO © peaymbraraMie naGaioncuni cnyvalinnx saneuni, Teopua seporTHocrel $opmamssio— soruyeckn wayaeT saxoNoMepHiocrH caytafbist sANeHMNTT M NMECT E10 C METEMATIECKHN Monensnar exyealiux sanexud. O6pa6oran pesysmrarh waGmonemil, ucctes0Ra- em BMIABHTaeT paA TanOTES, mpeaoNoReHNM © TOM, FO paccMaTpMBAEMOE saaaenne MoxWO omMCaTt To! WIM HOR wepoaTHocrWO TeopeT¥ECKOH MosEMMO, Mlance, wenomoya MATEMATUKO-CTATHCTHNEEENE METOMM, MOKHO JATH OTBCT Ht onpoc, KaKyio H3 ranoTes 141M MoneseH cxeayer npuuars. Maewo 2a Monet WW Curraeres saxoNoMepwocTHIo WayeaeMoro Bae. TIpanoMepeH TAKOM BAIBO IW Her, NOKaXer MpaXTwxa weNOMIORAHN BuIGpARUOR MoReAK. TaxoB TunMSHE IT MATeMATHEO-CTATHCTINECKOTO WOE OBARE Maremarwecran cramwctixa, OMMpAack ‘ka NePORTHOCTHIME MOzEAH, B CBOIO fovepeab, eauseT Ha panuiTue Teopi wepostiocTel, Oxpyxaiouukt wac up Muloroo6pased, w sanaS, BOSHNRALOUME pw sOYNNM Tex HLM MBMAX cay RADE annex, npw OSpa6ores pewymsraTos uaGnionesil Han uiaun,TpeGyior puspaGorxm noBwX seposTHocTHBX Momeael, MaremaTwecKad craTHCTHKA M TEOPHR nEpORT- ocTeR—ase wepaspignuo comsamne wayen. 4ACTBI OCHOBHBIE TOHSTHS, KOMBHHATOPHKK PHABAT PAIMEMIEHHA, TIEPECTAHOBKH, COWETAHHS §1. Yerawoswm Ba paxHBX MpasHTa, KOTOPHe WacTO MpEMCHS- ores MPH pemenm KoMOnHaTopHErK Satay. Ina sToro paccmot- PHM pettemme cnenyiomel 3amayK. 3agana 1.1. Heo6xonmmo coctasnts Bapnantst KonTpoxbro# PAGOTSI, KAKI H9 KOTOPSIX AOMKEH COnepKATS TPH saa, Onna sana BbiGMpaetca Ws moGoro Maparpada I rx. cOopmnKa saqau, BTopas—n3 moGoro naparpada Il ra., a nocaensat—n3 mo6oro naparpapa Ill ra. [pm stom cnenyer yaects, To 1m IU TH, comepxar Ba naparpaca, a IT ra.—rpa naparpaha. CxosKo BHAOB KOHTPOMBHOH pabOTS! MOXHO COCTABHTh CKORR 13 3THX Ycnosnil, ecm BAX pa6oTbi onpedtenseTcR TonbKO HOMepaMH Taparpabos, 3 KOTOpHX BHGpare sara? 4 3anasy peumm aByMa crocoSamn. Cnocoé 1. TlyeT» Kaxnolt sanase cooTsetcrayer mBysHasHoe wero, Te neppar. mihpa cooTBeTcTByeT HoMepy BBIGpaNTojt rnapel, a BTopai—HoMepy naparpada. UroGs Be sonyCTHTs OumOKH pH momeyeTe, BOcnOmMayeMca creuanBHEIM zpagiom, Kotopsili mora HasbrBaroT depeaom (puc. 1.1). Havansiyto Toy oGosnayim Gyxsoh O. JIeurascs nce- MH BOSMORHBIMH MyTaMH TO peGpaM rpaca cnesa manpaso, Tipannao ynooxewmn 4 cooxena Hagnnian ¢ TONKH O noay¥HM 12 pasMHUHsIX BANOS KOHTPOABHOH pa6ors Cnocoé 2. B sanaye tpé6yeres na KaxkNorO BHA KOHT- poastioh paGors mono6pats TpM naparpada no onHOMy 3 YkASAHNBIX TPEX Tap, T. € cAeAyeT 3AMOTHATH TPH KIETKR Ha KaprowKe AIK KOHTPOABHOH paGoTH. Vs06pasHM 9TH K:IeTKH cneayrouum o6pasom: [TT B nepayto KreTKy MOxHO sloMect#T& sHGO 11, NGO 12. Moatomy neppyio KNeTKY —MOXHO —3aN.IHTh © iByMa_—_crloco6aMH Eerie) PHpyerce mBYMa neTBAMH, HCXONAUIMMH 13 TONKK OH penyIIEM x cronbuy «lepsas sazavan. Jax xaxqoro 3 mByx cnoco6os Banomnenna nepaoi KieTKH HMceTCx TPH RapMaura sanomHeRHs Bropoll KeTKH, TaK KaK BTOpyIO 3ama4y MORHO BEIOpATS Tpema criocoGamn, ockomxy ra. II conepxHT TpH naparpapa: Godt Tlepatie spe K7eTKH MORHO 3aNOMHHTS lecTBIO cnocobaMH: 2-3=6. 3ameTHM, 4TO HMEnHO 6 DeTBelf saKaHuMBAIOTCR B CTONONE «Bropan 3anavay. [Ina Kaxjoro m9 3THX MecTH cHiocoG0B cymectayer 32 crioco6a 3anlomenHa TpeTbell KNeTKH, TAK Kak TpeTba sala4a MOKeT ObiTh BHOpaHa us NBYX Naparpahos ra. I: Torta oGuiee suet cnoco6os saztosmenHa Tpex KAeTOK paBHo 2:3-2=12. MmenHo ctombKo nerselt saxansupactca @ cTon6ue «Teresa sanagay, Taxnm o6pasoM, Hcxona H3 yenoult sanay, MORHO cocTapHTs 12 paxIH4HBIX BiuloB KOHTPoTBHOM paboTst. A 3anaya 1.2, B rpynne 30 wenosex. Heo6xonmmo sui6path crapocty u npodopra. CkoubKHMH chocobamH MoxHO 370 cieaTs? 4 Crapoctohi MoxeT GuiTh BsIGpan moGolt ws 30 yuattMxcR, r.e. eyiectayet 30 cnoco6os ssiGopa crapocrsi. Tocte Toro Kax crapocta yxXe BHGpar, Mpooprom MOKHO sLSpat moGOro He ocTapumxea 29 yuamuxcs, TakHM O6pa3oM, oHOMY cTloco6y ne6opa crapocts! cooTseTerayIor 29 cnoco6os BEIGopa npopopra Crexonatesbio, oSmee ue70 ciocoGos BbiGopa cTapocrsi H mpo- gopra paso 30-29=870. a Paccyxnenns, KoTopbie Osim npoBenent1 np! pemlent Mpezbi- AYEX 3aNa4, OATREPAMAIOT cMpaBeNIMBOCTS cHeAyIoULero Mpo- croro_ yreepanents. Tipaao yxmomeuns. [ycm> mpe6yemca abinoanums oduo 3a apyeun Kaxue-mo k deticmaul. Ecru nepaoe deiucmaue mooxno etinoamume nm, cnocobamu, smopoe deiicmeue—n3 cnoco6amu, Ha «nepese» 210 o6ctostemcrso wamocT- mpemve—ns cnoco6amu u max do k-zo delicmsun, Komopoe MooKno atinoaume m cnocobanu, mo ace k deticmeuit emecme mozym Geum aeinoaHeHdt MyMyMs..%, cnocobastu. ‘Sro mpagnno saeT yAOOHEI yrMBepcasbHEtt MeTom pemenna MHOCHX KOMGHHATOpHDX 3az2%. Banana 13. Uersipe MaTbYRKa M eTEIPe eBONKH CanATCR nia 8 paCTOTORENHBIX TONDAX CTY:AbEB, MPHIEM MATbHHKH CARTER Ha MecTa c HeTHBIMI. HOMepaMMH, a AeBONKH—He MecTa c fReHeT~ MBIMH HomepaMH. CKONBKHMH cnocoSaMH To MOxHO cjlenaTs? 4 Tlepsbiit Manbamk MOXeT CeCTH Ha 110G0e H3 METBIPEX HeTHEIK Mecr, BTopoli—Ha moGoe H3 OCTABMINXcA Tpex Mect, TpeTHA —na avo6oe ms OcTABUINXeA Byx MecT. TlocmeaHEMy MammbURKY mpesocT: BaseTes AceTO osIHa BOSMOXHOCTS. CormacHo NpapHiTy YMHtOxeHK MANBYHKH MOTYT 3aHSTS YeTHIpe MecTa 4-3-2-1=24 crocoSama Cromsxo xe sosMoxnocteli MMeIOT H AeBONKH. TaKHM Oo6pas0M, COrmACHO MPABM YMHOXEHHA, MATBIMKH H NeBONKH MOTYT 3AHATE Bee ctyba 24-24=576 cnocobami. & Banana 1.4. Meetcs 20 wanenuii I-ro copra « 30 manennti 2ro copra. Heo6xoMMMo BB6paTs Mea WIeTHA OMHOTO copra Ckonbxo cnoco6on BLIGopa ABYX HAeNHIE_BOSMOKRO B sANTOH curyatum, ecam yanTepaeTcs Topaiok seiG6opa wsneqni? ‘4 YononmMcs nepssim jelicTBHeM cMMTAT BMGOP Wsnenit -ro, BropsiM—BsiGop uanennit 2-ro copra. To npasuay yMHoxe- mua’ ea waneama Ito copta MoxHo pei6pate 20°19=380 criocoGamu. ARaTOTHYHO, Ba H3slenMs 2-ro CopTa MOKHO BEIOpATb 30:29=870 cnoco6amm. Corsacho ycnopmo 3anaqm creayeT BeIOpaTb ABA WNeMHA OMHOTO CopTa, He BAKHO KaKOTO. ITO MOTYT GuiT G60 waenMa I-ro copra, mH60 Hae 2-To copTa. TaKiM 06pas0M, OMAHO Gxt BEMOMHeHO MHGO MepBoE AeficTEHe, sTHGO BTOpoe, HO He NepBoe JelicraHe, a 3aTeM BrOpoe. STH neiicTBMA He MOTYT OHITS BEIMONHEAGI OTHOBPEMEHHO, NOCKOMIBKY OAH BIAKMHO HcKMOUAIOT ApyT Apyra. TostoMy oGmIee HCHO cOcoGOB BEIGopA WoneaWH onHoTO copra pasno 380+870= 1250. & Coo6paxenns, Koropsie OsiaH mpnpenenst mp pemenun TocKeMHeH 3aN24H, NOsBOTMOT COPMYAMPOBATS MpABHLIO COKEHHR. Tipasmo caoxemms. Ecau dea deiicmeua esqunno uckarouaiom Opye Apyza, npuiest OOO UZ MUX MOIHO sEinoAMUM> m cnocobamt, @ dpyeoe—n cnocobaseu, mo seinoanums dno soG0e us smux deiicmeuii momen +m ‘chocobas. ‘Sto mpapito nerKo pacnpoctpamth Ha m060e KoHeNHIOe sncno xeitcTBH § 1.2. Pasmemennn Tlycth uMeeTcR HeKOTOPOE MHOKECTBO, COMED KaIlIee KOHESHOE wmcno menos. Hampumep, MHOxecTBO yeGRBIX Tpynn B Tex- WUKYMe, MHOKeCTBO KHHI Ha MOTKE, MHOXeCTBO HacenenTBx NYWKTOD B AAHHOM OGAACTH HAH, HANPHMep, MHOXKECTBO wembIK NOAOKATEABABX Ace, MeHBUNHX 10, HT. Boe smemenTs TaKOTO MHOXECTBA MOKHO MPOHYMepOBATS, T. €. KAKNIOMY ssleMeH- Ty MHOxecTRa MOCTABHTS B cOOTBETCTRHE OAHO H aHCeM: 1, 2, 3, 4, «.. mj B pesyabrate noayyaeTes HekoTOpas NocienowaTes HOCTS ‘3TeMeHTOB AANHOTO MHOKECTBA, KOTOPHIE OOBINEO 3anHcbi- BUIOT B BANE G1, dz, dy, on. dq Takne (GaHyMeponanAbien Muoxecrma GyzeM HasbipaTs ynopadovennoiu. TakHm o6pa30M, YMOPANONEHHOE MHOXECTBO MPEICTABEM B BIKE HEKOTOPOH no- cnexonatenbnocTa, To GyneT wcHOnbsOBaHO B sambHeMeM. OseBHAHO, ECTH B yOPANONeHROM MHOXECTHC TOMeHsTS MeCTaMH XOTR si Ba ero BIEMEHTa, TO NOAYIHM HOBO YnOpRAOYeHHOe MHOKECTRO, KOTOPOMY GyAET COOTRETCTRORATh HORAK TOCIesIO- BATEMBHOCTh 3NEMEHTOB aHHOTO MHOXeCTBA. Onpeaencuwe. Pasmewenues ui n 34esenmos no m Hasiga- emca so60e ynopadovennoe nodsnomecmeo ui m >AeMeHmos snoncecmea, Coemonijecd us mn pasinix vsemcnmoe |. a aici 5}, Sanmven "sce nomwoamue paswctiont ta. serujenpemcnnn jyeo 10 ane. Tarwx -pawewena 12) AB. AC; AD: BC: BD: CD; BA: CA; DA: CB: DB; DC. © ‘akierint, 470 paBMeuein OTAINAIOTCR NOPRIKOM BXORAIINX 9 HX IMEMEHTOR sem cocrasone. Pasweutcna AB w BA coneprar onnnakobuie OYXBN, HO NOpRAOK PReHES Tipmaeg LE Cocaiounee hocneabsereiocr¥ iatpp tapeies Pouca suum nod shewcira 10. snewenron nwoxeeraa: 00 Mn 2. 3. 4 5 6 I 8:9}: 3021, 4390; 8012. 1485: 123. B nochemues mpusepe sc BuMucaNS! Bee aoaMOKinse parMeeNNs, TAK Kak ‘ann pusweweil Gonce 5000 (a 20M MoKNO yOcuwTiCN pewan saiasy 10) Ha mnpaxtuxe wae npencrannseT umtepec KomAMeCTBO pas- Memennit, a He MX_KOHEpeTHEM Ba. Yucto pasMeuenmit 13 nm aneMenTos no m Gynem o6osHavaTE cHMBO.IOM AT, re m uneerca waoxccrno, conepaauice serupe 6yxou A, B,C, DY. Sanuuien Boe soamowe coverailna wa Ywasanlikn Gyro 10. TPM iX coNeTaWuh Gyner werupe: ABC. ACD; ABD; BCD. nec p suc0 coverawul ne denioseuus, aanpanep, ACB, BCA, rae xax orm nocieqoeaveabHocTs, Gyre ne orswvalovea of ttocaeaonarensuocra ABC, Hockojuxy NOpAoR a4eMeHTOR 8 coneranmax ne. yunrmoaetes "Uuero” coverauiih My mpaIAWMEX sneweHToR nom GyaeM oGo3HavaTh emmorom CZ, rae men, Moras 270 seo oGonmevaior cunnozon {”). @ Tipexne vem Halira o6ttyto bopmyny sia onpenenennsa sHera coueTaHnit, peumm cneayiomyio sanayy. Banaya 1.8. Heo6xonumo Bii6pat B nogapok 4 u3 10 HMe- FouIMXca pasmMYHBIX KAT. CKOTbKHMH crlocobaMH MOxXHO 3TO caeaate? ‘4 Ha cmicna saqaut cnegyet, "To nopsaioK BMGopa KHMT He MIpaeT posH. 3nech BaxeH ToMbKO HX cocTas. Kak u3BecTHO Wm Mpeasiaymero (cm. 3anayy 1.6), 3Hcno pasMemennit us 10 m0 4 paso At)= 5040. Tlycre tenepe pbipanmi 4 xaurH 19 10. ‘Umer TaKHX BO3MOXHLIX BbIGOPOB, Tie He YYHTEIBAeTCA TOPALOK DEIOpAHEEM KHUT, paBHO Cfo. OAKS KAKOMY ¥3 JTHX coveTaRt (seiSopos) 6yzyT cooTseTcTBoBaTe P.=24 nepectanoBKH BEIGpan- mux xnur, Torna puGop 4 xAur W310 c yHeromM HX TopwIKa Mo TIpaBily YMHOKeHHA BOIMOKeH Cty-P, chocobamu. C spyroit CTOPOMBI, GHCIO YKa3aHHBIX clloco6oB—3TO qHCNIO paaMeWtennit Ag. Takum o6pa30m, Afo=CtoPs, OTKy1a HMeeM Cty =Ato/ Pa '5040/24=210. Takum o6pai0M, "HCHO BOIMOKABIX crlocoboR puiGopa MomapKa pasHo 210. a Teopema. Yucso covemanuil u9 nseMewmos no m pasuo cre” aay mila 1 Yro6s nonysiTs paaMemenne 1 m aneMeHTOR no m, a HX wwicno paBHo AT, Halo BMOpATs m onemeHTOR M3_ MHOxeCTBA, comepxauiero 7 SiiemeHtOB, ITO MORHO cilenate C7 cnocobamm, 4 OpraniionaT Wt HHX ynopaTOYeHHioe nomMHOKecTBO. Tociex” Mio1o onepaMine MoxHO BBmMOnANT® P, cHlocobaMu. TaxHM o6- AIOM, HTOGK nonyYNTs AT pasMesneH, Hao BUINOMHHTS stBe omeparutm, KOTOpbie MOxHO ocymtecTBHTh C7 a P,_ cliocobaMH coorpercTaentio, Mosroy, coriacko mpaBiiny YMHOXKEMHx, MORHO aamucaTe AT=CT'P,. Pasjene mocmequee papeticTBO MowIeHHO Ha Py 470" BOIMOKHO, TAK KaK P,x0, nomyHHM CI=AT/Py=ni/m!(n—m)! Caegetawe. Yucto couemanuit ur na4emenmos no n—m paeHo wesy couemanuit un 34eMeHmoe nO m, m. €. cr"=Cr. (5) © B supaxcuun ana C7 noMesem MecraMn coMHOKHTETH m! a (n—m)!; 8 peaymbrate mweem cr Temi Banana 1.9. Heetcs 10 Gensix x 5 sepnetx tapos. CxombxnMa cnoco6amu MoxHO BBGpaTe 7 wapon, TOO cpenH HX Gum 3 wepHeix? ‘4 Cpemm ssiGpanneix mapos 4 Genbix w 3 vernix. Bese maps MoxnO BEGpaTh Cf 2 210 cnocoSamu. Yepuute wapet Moxio Bui6path C3=5!/3! 2!=10 cnocoSamm. Tora no npasnny YMHOKeHHA HCKOMOE “HO cocoGoB’ paBHo Ciy"C3=2100. a Tips pewemm noereavel! sanasn 6x.na. wenosb3OsaNa Gopyajaa (14), TaK ax nopAx0e shiGopaUpor Ke ifpan om TEle pai HORMepRHeN puDiiy Mex pAOMCWIENUAMK w_coveraMAN » paswemiediex yairhinacTex HOpAAOK BROAN BHIN aeMeNTOR, an CONeTa™ fwax—ne-yrampacres. TIpm petiesni aaxa4 ovo we cenyer” aaGsinarb, KpoMe Toro, Kano’ Wer b Rady, STO MENOMgORaHNG mpaBNa. YOANN pHBOANT E-neOOROMRMOCTH YHRTLINATS HOPAIOK AaeMEHTOD Hp BuGOpe HK ID KAKOTO-6O Banana 1.10. Cxomxnmn cnoco6amn Moxto rpynny 13 I2senosex pasGuTe Ha MBE NONTPYMMEL, B OAHOH H3 KOTOPHIX OWKHO GutTe He Gonee MATH, a BO BTOPOH—He Gostee neBATH ‘enoven? 4 Tlepsas nosrpynma MoxeT coctoaT smHG0 3 Tpex, 160 M3 YeTbIpeX, aMGO 13 MATH Yenopex. Tlomrpymny Ha Tpex semoBex MoxHo BuIGpats C}2=220 enocobami. Tomrpynny wa eTépex werOBER MOKHO BEOpATs Cf,=495 cnocoSamm, a NoArpynny 1 nara enonex—C}2=792 cttocobamu. Ywnrsinas, uro Bsi6op nepsoit noarpynnsi OMOSHaNHO OnpenexReT BTOpylo, Haihrem nO NpaBWTY COKeHHA WCKOMOE HCTO cHocoGoB: Chh+Ch+Chz= 1507. a Bagaua 111. jlecas xomana yvacrsyiot » posuirpsiie neppencTsa no dytGony, smysuNMe 13 KOTOpEX sanHMator I-e, 2-c u 3-e Mecra. Ive KoMaHn!, 3aHABIMe TocneRHMe MecTa, He GysyT yuacTaonaT» 8 cilemyromieM TakOM xe TleppericTBe. CKOTHKO PA3HBIX ApHAHTOD peaysTbTaTA MepBeHCTBa MOET ObITb, ecH YSHTEIBATS TONBKO MOMOKEHME HepBBIX TpeX H NOCKeAKHX nBYX komarta? ‘4. Cnoco6 J. Tleppsie rpx_mecta Moryt GsiTb pacnpestesentt Ajo =10/7!=720 cnoco6amn. B pesymbtate ocranerca ce Ko- MAHA, Be 13 KOTOPEIX BHOMBAIOT ¥3 cileAyIOMIerO NepBcHcTEA. Tak Kak B oToM cayaae MopaNOK BbiGuIBUIX KOMAHX He BAXeH, 10 310 Moxer nponsoiitn C3=7!/2!-S!=21 cnoco6amm. Coraacho pay YMHOXEHHA NORyGAeM, ITO WHCTO PAIHMX pesysmbTaTOB neppencrsa pasHo Aj *C3=15 120 Cnoco6 2, Buinenum 6e3 yea mopanka nab KoMana H3 o6mero aucsta KoMana. B sty rpymny BxoasT Tp Kowanass, BANABLLMe MpHBOBHIe MecTa, W siBe BUiSHIBatOIIHe KoMARAH. TaKyio ouepaumto MOxHO BEInOARHTS Cfo cHocobamm. Vis orux nar Komana Ges ywera mopaika BuiLeNNM Ape KOMAHAM, KOTOpHIE BEIOEIBAIOT, ¥TO MOKHO crenaTb C2 cnoco6amm, [Lng OcTABLIAXcA ‘Tpex. KoMANN Pacnpererene MpHIORKIX MecT —BOSMOXHO P, cnoco6amn, flo npasyay ymuoxenus nce TpH onepaniit MOXHO BBINONHETE Cfo: C3: Py=15 120 crocoBamu. Cnocoé 3. Pacnpenenenne ycex 10 mec 8 meppencTBe BosMoxHO P,o=10! crocoSamm. OmHaKo nepecTaHopKH KOMAHA, ‘SaaBiIHX MecTa c 4-ro no 8-e, H NepecTanOBKH KOMANA, 3aHRBLLME 9-c m Oe Mecra, Ha pesysibTaTbl nlepReHctea He OKAsBIBAIOT amaanus. Yncno Taxwx nepectaronox paso 5!:2!, a. svcTo PASMHYHBX PesyTTATOB nepBeHcTBa papHo 101/S!-2!=15 120, a Toxaxem sea cpoficsa wHcna coveTannii, KoTOpsie MOryT Gare nosesHbIMH Tip pemeNHH KOMGHHATOPHEX samM24. Teopema, Haeem mecmo pasencmeo (npasuso Mackaan) SCH + CR, Smean. a6) —1 ey = Iemma yt - ame | Gem IN m= Ih md cha —1)p (mT) m— Th Teopema. Hucem mecmo pasencmao CRE CRF CE + C+ ACE 3 Tpempaputemsio noKaxem, yo C2=C%=1 ana mo6oro Beiter re1bHO, YSHTbIBas, 4TO O!. (cm. § 1.2), HMeem 1/0! n!)=1, Cl=nl/n!-Ol=1. Jlanee, wenomwsya panencTEo (1'6), nosy4aem CR+CL+CI+ C3 +... + CH= C81 H(CO1 + Ch) + H( Chap ACR) + (Cha +CR- sto H(CHTE + CAEN) + CHE =2(C FEL HCE y+ + CE =? -2(C8 2+ Chg $Ch ght Chan a2" (C84 C a2 (141) =2" ®opmyay (1.7) mpounmoctpupyem cneayloutelt 3anavell 3agaya 1.12, CkonbKo cyuectByer papwantos ompoca 11 yuauumnca Ha ‘ONMOM 3aHsTHH, ECAH HA OfMH HS AMX He Oyster Tonpeprayt onpocy ABAKIK H Ha 3aHXTHN MOxeT OBIT» OnpoULeHO smo60e KOAMYECTBO y¥AUINXCK, TIpHYeM MOpaqOK, B KOTOPOM onpaumeaiorer yaauueca, Sespasmnven? 8 2" (L7) 4 TIpentonapatens Moxet He cnpocits HM omHoro m3 11 Y4AUBHNCR, ITO ABIACTCR OAKHM 13 BApKaHTOB. SroMy cry4ato cootnercrayer C?y. Mpenostaparess MOxeT onpociTh TOmEKO OmHOTO 3 'YaauLUAxeR. Taxwx sapmantos C},. Ecnu upenogapatem Syzer onpammsarh aByx yeaumrcs, TO seo papnastros ompoca pasno C},. JLaa onpoca Tpex yuanixca cyiecTByeT C}, Bapuantos # 7.2. Haxoreu, Moryt 6siTb ompouienst ace yuautueca. Uncmo papHanros B 3TOM cayyae paso C}!. Toraa mo mpapiuy CAOKCHNT CTO BEX BOIMORHBX RAPHANTOR OMIpoca —paBHO Cht+Ch+Ch + Chit. + Ci. C apyrofi cropouni, sim Kaxoro M3 yualllMxca cyuiecTByeT mBe BOIMOKHOCTH: OH GyxeT ONpoUleH WI He onpomen Ha nanfioM 3anaTiH, [[pyrumn caopaMu, Kaxzyio 13 11 onepauit, 3AKHOVAIOWINXCA B TOM, 4TO KAKI YIeHHK GyAeT GO oNpoeR, amGo He ONPOUIeh, MOXHO BEIMOAHHTS No NpaBHiy YMBOKeHHA 2+2-2-2...2=2" cnocoGama, 470 M cHeqOBAIO OXHTATS, TAK kKaK Ch+CH ACh +..+Ci a2) 4ACTB 2JIEMEHTbI TEOPHH BEPOSTHOCTEM PAABA 2 OCHOBHBE MOHATHA TEOPHH BEPOSTHOCTER § 24. Caysaitmae coGurraa Kaxnaa wayka np way¥eHHH spieHui MatepRanbHoro Mupa OnepHpyeT TeMH HAM ABIMH TORSTHAMH, Cpe KOTOLIX O6%- saTemilo wMeloTer ocHosononaraioume. Een mix TeomerpaH 270 NOHATHR TOHKH, MPSMOMl, MOCKOCTH, a JUIN MateMaTHAecKOTO ananwsa—OyHKUMH H ee Mpenlena, TO MIA TeopH BeposTHOcTEi OMIM HS OCHOBHE ABAAETeR MONATHE COOMITHA. Toa cobwmuest NORAMAETCR AB/ICHHE, KOTOPOC MPOHCXOAMT B pesyabTate OcyMecTBNEHHs KAKOTO-MHGO ONpeneNeAROTO KOMM- aiexca yexosnit. Ocyutectaaenne 7Toro Kommiexca ycnoBKit Gyze HaabiBaTs OnbIMOM HIM ucnoimanuem. 3nece Mpesnonaraetes, #70 KOMMUIEKC YcAOaKi, B PesysILTaTe KOTOPOTO HacTynaeT oMpemesteH- Hoe coObITHE, MOKET OBIT BOCMPONIBEMEH CKO YTOMHO ComBUTOE ies10 pas, T.€. HMeCTEH ROIMOXHOCTH NPOBOAHTE HEOAHOKpATHO HenBITaHHe 8 HeHIMeHHEIX yonOBHax, Boule roBOps, NO.IHOCTHIO comnanenva acex ycnosiih Mix KaxsOTO MeMBITAHHR AOGHTECR HEBOIMO 10 H MODTOMY MOKHO TOBOPHTS MILI © HeKOTOPOM MpnoawxenHoM pasencTBe yenonmii nenbrransit. Mpa mponejenmit MCMBITANHS HeOGASATEsIEHO TOKEN IPHCYTCTROBATL HW yHACTBOBATH B HEM caM HccneORaTeNs. OnbIT MOKHO TlOCTARHT» MBIcTeAHO, WAM COKPYKAIOMAR MpHpoIA TlocTaBHT ITOT oMBIT cama», B o- chenwie Cayvae HccnenoRaTes BKICTYNAeT H pom Hab.mOAATENA HanpuMep, suit nosbsenia panyr nO ppeMa OXAA NOMKHBL MMeTb M- "ro onpeneneniie atmocpepabte yeroBns. MM Kaxtestt a3, KaK TOTBKO ROSHHKAIOT COOTRETCTAYIOIINE YeTOBNs, MONO suoGonateca paayrof. Ha mpaxTuxe acto 8 cHy OOKEKTHBHBIX MpHaun GbiBAeT TpymHO BoCMpOHsBECTH Rech KOMMMNEKC YcnOBHil, KOTOpbili HEOGXOMMM AIA NOSBIEHNX oMpesteeHHOTO COOKITHS. Bro oGuMHO cBRIaHO C HEROCTATORHO TOAPOGHO. way'eHROli Upupoaoli soxeHs HK c TexHMMeCKOH HeROSMOXHOCTBIO ero BOCcOSMAHHS B AaHHOe spe, ostomy pit BBINOAHEHMH HETO.- HOTO KOMMMeKCa YcHOBH MHTepecyiomee cOOBITHE MOKET He HacTynATD, M OYse) HMeT MecTO KAKOe-HGYAs apyroe. B cHny 2» WAMCHAIOUINXCH HEIABHCHMO OT BON HCCHeNORATEIA HeyNTeHHEK Yenosuii mp noBTopeHHR McnbiTaRHA GyayT ACTYNATh Te HWIK ipte cOOBITHS, MpHeM He WapeCTHO 3apaviee, KaKHe HO HX. Taxne coGsTHus o6m"HO HasbaIoTeR cayvainemu. HampuMep, O”WH BRICTPET M3. BHATOBKH lO MMINeRR—xcnBiTaRHe, npAIEM €FO MOXHO NOBTOHTE CKOABKO yroaHo pas. B peaysbrate TAKOTO ReMMITANNA RaCTYMWT OANO Ha IT ceAyIONUEX CysaliHIK COOMTHE: 4B pesymbTaTe OMHOTO BEICTPENA BIGHTO 0 OKOBN: « pesysTbTATE BuicTpes1a BbiGHTO 1 ONKOD; «B pesymMBTATe BMICTpesa BMOMTO 2 omkan: ...) «B pesynbrare Bbicrpera BbiGHTO 10 OMKOBY. 3nece TpyAHO CKaxaTH Japanee, KAKOE 3 HAIBANMBIX CHyMAMfMbIX COOMTHTE B Peayabrare BBICTpeNa npowsoiiAeT HanepHaKa. Onpeaenenme. Caynaiisin nasvisaemcs cobsmue, Komopoe Moocem npousoimu utu ne npousoimu 6 pexyabmame HeKomopozo eneimanun (onsima). B. aanpueliuem ans npocrors cioso «cnysaiinstioy Gysem onyexars. CoSuiTHa oGuHo OGosnaTaioT sarnaBitimn GyKBaMit siatucoro anpapnra A, B,C, WT. 2. (© Mipmiep 2.1. Bpocacrex eiwnerpsnan movers. Bpocanne sonerst—— enserayier «Moneta yaa arepoowe pep» eMoneta. lata’ peuixon MPO pump 23. 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BeposTHOCTE (sosMoxuocr») BbiXona Gpaxa BbUNE. Tlycts, HANpHMep, B sUNAKE HAxOAsTCA 28 o”MHAKOBKIX M10 aHemmitemy' BHay wOveMHH, cpemM KoTOpLix ABA waneIna 3-ro copra no TpinamuaTs waeawi I-ro m 2-ro copra. Hayaayy BeIHMMaeTCA oAHO HneTHe. B aHROM cTy¥ae pasyMHO cHATATS coGbiTHe «BLIHYTO H3AeMHe I-TO COpTay Gostee BOSMOXHDIM, eM coGsiTHe «umyro wastenMe 3-ro copran, TaK Kak amen 1-ro copra sHauuTeMHo Gosbiue, Hem HsnenHH 3-70 copta ‘OuesnsHo, COOKS «BbIRYTO HaslenMe 1-To COpTa” H «BKIRYTO waxene 2-70 copra» HMCIOT OTMHAKOBYIO BOSMOXHOCTE MORDLTEHER, TOCKOMKY KONHYECTBO THX HANENK ONMRAKORO. OaHako 8 XHSHKT Yale BcTpevaloTca COGMITHS, CpapHNTs HAH OUeHUTS BOSMOKHOCTH MOSBACHHA KOTOPHIX, OCHOBBIBAKCE Ha NHCTO MHTYWTMBHEIX coo6paxeRKsx, tpyaHo. Hanpumep, 370 MOKHO cKa3ath po cOOBITHA «repGy MomBHICR ABA pasa Mp RaTHKpaTHOM Opocalina MoHeTSOX, «BO BpeMA peltieHHA sarayH orxasata BM» ur. a. Kak saiHo 9 mpkpemesierx mpaMepon, KaK/Oe COOMTHE OBNAAAET OMpeNeeAHOK CTeNeH DIO BOIMOKHOCTH NaCTYMIEHE, T. €. ONpeneeMHOi OUeHKO!. TaKyio OUEHKY COGKTHS BA3MIBAIOT BepOSTHOCTMO COOMITHR. Onpeaenenme. Beposmnocms codumua—smo weaennan Mepa_obvekmiuanod 6o3MOIHHOCMU €20 NOABACNLA. Tlo onpestenenmo, coBtiT#to MoxHO MOCTABIT! B COOTRETCTBHE ompeseneutice sHcno—ero BepoxtRocTs. OsiHaKo mpHBereHHoe onpenenciue we set opmyny sia HaxoxeHMR 3TOTO MUCHA Bo mnorax caysasx mpo6nema peulaetcs, ecm mpuMenmtTe KaaccuMecKylo opMyay ReposTHOCTH, KOTOpaa aAeTCR NHC. Tlycts nposomatca ombir, B pesyyibrate KoToporo MoryT WACTYHTS Te WAH RABE cOOBITHR, EcnH 3TH cOOMTHR OGpasyioT nosHyio rpynny TOnapHo HecoBMECTRLIX H paBHOBOSMOATLX coGtiTHH, TO ToROpsT, NTO OMBIT «cROAMTER K CXeMe cayHaeRY. 37lece cayuaes WasbIBAIOT KaXKI0e HI COGMTHH (HexoTOB), MPRUALIEKA- AuuIX BbineneRHOM MonKOH rpynne. JInx oMbIToB, KOTOPHE CBOAATCR K cxeme cay'aes, MpHMeHMMa KiaccHMeckaa POpMy:1a RepOsTHOCTH. TlycTb uMeetex osnag Tpyana nonlapHo HecosMecTHBix WM paBhonosMoxHEIX cobLiTHH. Beportnocrs P(A) nactynnerus coOuITHR A BLINHCARETCA KaK OTHOUIEHHE HACIA HcxOOB, Os1arONpHAT- CTBYFOUUAX RACTYTUIEHHIO COOBITHS, K THCY BOEX HCXOAOR MCTIBITARHA. Ecan N—ancno acex wcxonom scmbiranna, a M—sucno HcxonOB, OslaronpHsTCTAyIOUDX coGbTHIO A, TO M P(A Qi) » Tpousmocrpupyem opmyy peiliennem cnenyroulix 2ama%. 3anaya 2.1. Kaxopa BeposTHocTs nossieuHa weTOrO cana ONKOB pH oAHOM G6pocaHMH EpanbHoro KyOuKa? A Obosrasmm xepes A coGuiTHe «mmameT YeTHOe wucIOM. Pacemorpum coburia 4, — «@sinaner { o¥xosr, i=1, 2, 6 Oveniano, 4T0 9TH cOGBITHA PaBHOROIMOKH I OBpasytOT Tomyto rpynny (cM. mpusmep 2.11). Toraa meno acex nexoton N=6. Bumanenmo “eTHoro Ca O¥KOB GnaronpustcrayioT CoOsITHs Ax, Ae Ag T.&. M=3, Vcxomas sepostiocrs, no onpeneneHito, PabHa OTHOWERMIO YHCTA GrArONpHATCTEYIOINHX HEKONOB K NHETY wcex ucxoton: P(A)=M/N=3/6= 1/2. & Banaya 2.2. Ouubxa J'Aranbepa. Bpocawres ane MoneTbt. Kaxona sepostnocts, 470 0Ge MoneTsI ynanyt «rep6omn xBepxy? 4. Tp pewennu 2roit satan BOSMOMHO paccyasaTs MpHMep- Ho TAK: B pesynbrare GpocaHMa MBYX MoHeT BOIMOKHBI CieAyIOMHE pH coOMTHa: «BMA BA «repGar; caBIMANH BE peUIKiOr; eabinann «rep6> M pellikay. Dru COOMTHR HAXOAATCR B PABHbIX YenoBMAX, OSTOMY WX BeposTHocTH papAE 1/3. Peumim sty 3aaayy maane. BosMoxubie coOsitus, KoTO- Ble ABIAIOTCA pesyABTaTOM oMbiTa C MBYMA MOneTaMH, GyiteM OGosHaNars aByma Gyxnamn. [epsax Gyxea osHavaer Beinatanne «rep6an (T) wm peux (P) Ha 1-H Monete, a sropas—psimananne «rep6a» win pemxu Ha 2-H, Tora 4 ucxoaa Gpocanua nByx MoHeT MoxHO 3amicas tax: TT; TP; PI; PP. Bee o1W Wcxoms HECOBMECTHM, PaBHOBOSMOXHBI H oOpasyior MosRyio rpynny. Tyct cobtrme 4—aspinann sa «tepOa». tomy coosiTHio Gnaronpusrerayer Tonbxo omuu wcxoa TT. Mostomy M=1, N=4, P(A)=M/N=1/4, Teneps netpyano samerims ownbxy J’AnaMbc- pa. On cawran, WTO coOsTHs «Bbinaim Ba «repoay, «BBinaTH rep6y Mi pellikay paBHOBOSMOXxHBL, a 3TO He Tax. TlocneaHeMy coOsrTMro GnaronpysterayroT Ba wcxoxa: TP « PT, nostomy BeposTHocTs —cOOsITHR —«abinanH = «repG» = M—~pellika P=MiN=2/4=1/241/3. & Banaaa 2.3, Bpocarores saa wrpansusix xyOuKa. Ka- Kona Beposrioers Toro, 70 cysMa BAIGARINH O¥KoB pasta n 4 Kaxauii wa xy6ixon Moxer ynacts wecrsio pasmiuni- a cnocobamn. Tora jtea xyOuxa no mpasuny yMROxeRHs Moryt ynacts 6-6=36 pasnuanbimn cnocoGamm. Kaxqomy Ta KOMY cnoco6y coorsetcrByeT cOObITHE, KOTOPOE ABTACTER HC~ XosOM HemBITaHHs Gpocaina AByX KyOuKOB. B cay cHiMMeTpHY- HOCTH KyGWKOB BCE 3TH COOBITHS paBHOBOIMORHBI M OGPAsyIOT Tlommyto rpynny Hecopmectnbix coGsrrHit. MosToMy ¥Meno Bcex wWeKo0B GpocaHua avyx xy6uxos N=36. Zax noaciera wnc- Jia wexon0B, GxaronpHsterayIoMx cobwiTHO A, cOCTORIIEMy B pBINAAEHMA cyMMBI ONKOB, paBHOH 7, cocTaBAM cHeRyIouyIO ra6mmuy’ 30 Ueno simmamunx oon ma tM wyGure} 1 2 3 4 Sb Yneao simmasunx oon m 2m ayGmre] 6 $432 Crea oxx00 ee oes Kax sano ms Ta6smauM, seI0 GnaronpuaTcTByOUNX HEXOTOB M=6. Torna, no onpeaenenmo, P(A)=M/N=6/36=1/6. & Banaxa 2.4. B rpynme 30 yxamuxes. Ha aux 12 sonoutel, ocrambabe—neayuixn. MapecrHo, 4ro K slocke AOTKAB GbITe BhGRaH Boe yauUAXcR. Kaxona RepOsTHOCTS, HTO 3TO seRyHIKH? ‘A Obosnawim coGpiTHe, meposTHoct» KoTOporO ciesyer natitt, Gyksoh A. OsesiaHo, 4To mo ycuOBKIO sanaqH nopEIoK BuBORA K OCKE YuaUUIKCR He HrpaeT ponn. Halles sntcr0 weex WcXOAOB HeMBITAHMA, COCTORUIerO 8 BBIBOBE sABYX Yuauntxcs. ITO §WCHO paso KomMMecrBy cnocoGoB, KOTOpHMH MOKHO BbIOpaTh aByX ytauuaxes 3 30. Mopsiox msi6opa He Mrpact pont, TosToMy ‘N= Cio. Hatinem Teneps sucno M GnaronpusTcrayionUutK HCKOnOB. Zax storo cneayet ompenenmrs scn0 chocoGos BbIGopa AByx Henywiex ¥3 18. Ono papHo Cis. To onpenenenuio BepostnoctH, P(A)=M/N=C}9/C3o= 51/145. & Banya 25. Bpocaorca ma urpanbaux xyGuxa. Kaxona BeposTHocT Toro, #70 cyMMa RBINABIMMX o¥KoB Mexbule 13? O Uncro N scex Wcxonos tensrranns panto 36 (cm. saqayy 2.3) W m0Gol m1 3THX McxO20B GaaronpusTeTAyer HACTYNTEHRIO COOLITHA A, SaKMONAIOUIETOCR B TOM, STO CYMMA BLITABILHX O4KOB Mensie 13. JlelicTeHTemsHo, MaKCHMaLTBAA CYMMa ONKOR BMasteT Torma, Kora Ha KaxOM Ky6aKe BHinaeT 0 6 osKoB. Ho 3Ta cymma pasta 12, woffa Membune 13. CurenonarensHo, M=36. Torna P(A)=M[N=36/36=1. & Banaue 2.6. Lappe 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 7, 8, 9 namncanet a xaprouxax, KOTOpHle TularensHo nepemewanit. MpoHsBonbAAM 06pas0M BHIRAMAIOTCA HONPRX TPH KApTOUKM H KAAAYTCR B PAL, Kaxosa sepostHocts Toro, 40 wcslo, cocrapleHHoe ua Tpex uMpp, KOTOpse MaMHcaHtst Wa KaprowKax, Gommute 987? A Haiiaem sucio wcxoz08, OxaronpratcTayiowuix coGsrrito A, BepOxTHOCT xKOToporo cileMyeT onpenemNTs. OsnaKo 3rO SHCNO paBHO AYN, Tak Kak H3 jaHMbIX KapTONeK ReTEIA cocrasuT® suca0, Gomme 987. [elicraurensHo, moGoe swcm0, Goaputee 987, wanpumep 988, 991, mpeanonaraet nosTopertue ump, ¥TO Reno3MOxHO NO ycuOBHIO 3azayM. Takum o6pasoM, SHCKO GnaronpustcTayioumx Hcxonos M=0. Torna P(A)=M/N=0/N=0. & JaMeTHM, §TO, CKONKO Gi pas HM MpoBOAHTICR onbIT, coGurue AB sanaye 2.6 MMKorna Re HaCTYMMT, MOITOMy OHO 3 SBARETCR HEBOIMOKHBIM, a B 3aaye 2.5 coGsTHe A MactynMT Boer ila; cHeMOBATEABHO, ‘OHO ABIACTCR OCTOREpHBM, ‘OboGumM pesyrbTaTH, MoAyNeHHBe pM pewleNHM 3a2a%, B Bie cBoHcTR RepORTHOCTH H OKAKEM HX. 1°, Bepoamuocmy docmosepuoz0 coumus pana 1 (Fenn cobsrrue A tocroneptioe, To moGoit HcKOR HemBITaHIA Gnaronpuarcrayer sToMy coGuiTHIO, Ho Torna M=N. Carestona- ‘TenbHO, P(A)=M/N=N/N= 1.0 2°. Bepoamuocm» nesosmoxnoz0 cobeimus pacna 0. 0 Ecan cositwe A Heso3MoxHoe, TO HM MH M3 HCXOI0B wenbrrannt He Gnaronpusterayer emy. Cnenonareasno, M=0, no Toraa P(A)=M/N=0/N=0. © 3°. Bepoamnocms co6simua A ydossemeopaem deoiinomy nepasencmey 0

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