Mini UAS Fixed Wing VTOL

Propulsion System:
Cutting-edge VTOL Electric Motor

Our Mini Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) features a highly efficient and reliable electric propulsion system.
The electric motor selection is based on its power-to-weight ratio, energy efficiency, and compatibility with the
UAS's MTOW (Maximum Takeoff Weight). The electric propulsion system offers numerous benefits,
including reduced noise, lower emissions, and simplified maintenance compared to traditional combustion
engines.

• Propulsion System (Electric Motor):

The propulsion system is powered by a cutting-edge electric propulsion system, utilizing the MAD X4219
VTOL Motor as the core component. This high-performance brushless electric motor is specifically designed
for VTOL applications, enabling efficient vertical lift during take-offs and precise maneuverability during
flight. The electric motor is seamlessly integrated with variable pitch propellers, ensuring optimized thrust and
efficiency for various flight modes;
270KV MAD X4219 VTOL Motor Specifications:
– High power-to-weight ratio for efficient vertical lift.
– Quick response and smooth throttle control for precise maneuverability.
– Integration with advanced electronic speed controllers (ESCs) for optimal motor control.
– Compatibility with variable pitch propellers to maximize propulsion efficiency.
– Low noise and vibration for stealthy and unobtrusive flight.

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Motor
KV
Rating Pros Cons Recommendation
270KV - Higher torque for VTOL operations - Lower rotational speed for forward Suitable for VTOL performance
flight & requirement for long
endurance flight (power
- Efficient use of larger propellers (in - Limited maximum speed during requirement)
this case propeller size of 15x8) forward flight

550KV - Balance between speed and torque - Slightly less torque compared to Versatile option for overall
270KV motor Performance, but require more
power usage
- Good overall performance for VTOL -

- Higher RPM per volt for forward

flight

• Battery Technology (Power Requirement):

Our UAS is equipped with advanced lithium polymer (LiPo) batteries with high energy density, providing
sufficient power for extended flight endurance. The batteries are modular and swappable, allowing for quick
battery replacements during missions.

Parameter Value
Minimum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) 8 kg
Endurance 1.6 hours
Average Speed 80 km/h
Range 128 km
Cruise Power 355.5 W
Vertical Climb Rate (VTOL) 3 m/s
Specific Energy (Battery) 200 Wh/kg
Total Rotor Power 235.44 W
Propeller Size 15x8
Flight Control System Advanced with Autopilot
VTOL Mechanism Tilt Rotor with 4 H-frame
Autonomy and Safety Advanced Redundancy
Battery Configuration Lithium Polymer (LiPo)
Propulsion System Electric Motor
Motor KV Rating (Recommended) 270KV

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Power Requirement Data Sheet:

Phase Power Requirement (Watts) Notes

Takeoff (Vertical Lift) 235.44 (Total Rotor Power) Four rotors for VTOL, 58.86 W per rotor

Climb (VTOL) 235.44 Assumed constant power during climb

Cruise (Forward Flight) 355.5 Estimated average power during forward flight

Descent (VTOL) 235.44 Assumed constant power during descent

Hover (Vertical Landing) 235.44 Four rotors for VTOL, 58.86 W per rotor

Reserve 100.0 Safety margin and additional power reserve

Total Power Required 1,497.32 W Sum of power requirements for all phases

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| Battery | (Label: Power Source)
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| FCU | (Label: Flight Control Unit)
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| Motor 1 | (Label: Forward Flight Motor)
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| Motor 2 | (Label: Forward Flight Motor)
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| Motor 3 | (Label: Vertical Take-off Motor)
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| Motor 4 | (Label: Vertical Take-off Motor)
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In this schematic diagram, the UAS features an H-frame drone configuration. The battery serves as the
power source and supplies electricity to the Flight Control Unit (FCU). The FCU controls the four electric
motors.

• Motors 1 and 2 are located on the front arms of the H-frame and are responsible for forward flight,
providing thrust for horizontal movement.
• Motors 3 and 4 are located on the rear arms of the H-frame and are used for vertical take-off and
landing, providing the necessary lift.

This arrangement represents a simple H-frame drone configuration with the electrical connections for both
forward flight and vertical take-off.

Noise Level Estimation

Parameter Value
Number of Motors 4
Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) 8 kg
Dimensions w/o Propellers 800 mm x 550 mm x 120 mm*
Motor Velocity Constant (KV) 270KV
Nominal Voltage (V) 22.2 V
Propeller Size and Pitch 8" × 5" (inches)
Number of Propeller Blades 4

Power Requirement Assumption Noise Engine Power Output

Flight Phase (Watts) Level (dB) per Rotor (W)
Takeoff 235.44 105 dB (Assumption) 58.86
Climb 235.44 95 dB (Assumption) 58.86
Cruise 355.5 85 dB (Assumption) 58.86
Hover 234.44 100 dB (Assumption) 58.86

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Frequency
Band (One-
third Octave) Noise Level (dB)
100 Hz - 125 Compliance to ANSI/ASA S12.75 & MIL-STD 1474D & 1474E
Hz - 160 Hz Test Procedures: ANSI/ASA S12.75 provides detailed test procedures to measure the noise produced
by aircraft during various ground operations, including VTOL, STOL, and STOVL activities. These
125 Hz - 160 procedures help ensure consistent and accurate measurements of noise levels.
Hz - 200 Hz
160 Hz - 200
Hz - 250 Hz
Suggested Test
Procedure: Two measurement setups (Class 1) were used for UAV noise measurements. The first consisted of a
(a) Measuring measuring microphone, an external acquisition card, and software to display and analyse the sound
Equipment measurement data. The second measurement setup consisted of a precise, handheld sound-analyser
device and was used to control measurement results at the same measurement location.

Both measurement setups comply with the following standards applicable to sound level meters, 1/1
octave and 1/3 octave filters: IEC 61672-1:2002 Class 1, IEC 60651 Class 1, IEC 60804 Class 1, IEC
61260 Class 1, ANSI S1.4-1983 (R2001) with amendment S1.4A-1985 Class 1, ANSI S1.43-1997
(R2002) Class 1, ANSI S1.11-2004 Class 1. The above-mentioned equipment has a wide range of
applications and features, only some of which were used in these
measurements.

The measurement situations with microphone position and initial flying point for the two procedures:
(a) flying up to 1000m and down; (b) flying over.

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