‘wi9123, 20:36, |ARW2- Midterm Exam: Virtual 202309 Avanzado 11 19:30-21:00 ARW2 - Midterm Exam Due No due date Points 100 Questions 4 Time Limit 50 Minutes Instructions Dear student, Next, you will be assessed on the contents of the course. This written exam focuses on Reading Comprehension and Writing. You will only have one opportunity to take the test. You will have 50 minutes to complete the test. Proctorizer Este examen ya no esta disponible Attempt History Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 42 minutes 40 out of 100 * * Some questions not yet graded © Correct answers are hidden. Submitted Sep 14 at 8:35pm ntipsyhcpna instrcture.comcourses!120815iquzzes!723857 18‘419123, 20:36, |ARW2- Midterm Exam: Virtual 202309 Avanzado 11 19:30-21:00 Section I-A: Reading Comprehension To read for main ideas, details, and inference Question 1 15125 pts Read the following text and use the information to answer the questions below. What makes an animal clever? Research shows intelligence is not just about using tools By Ivo Jacobs and Megan Lambert Humans set themselves apart from other animals in a number of ways, including our ability to make tools. When the anthropologist Jane Goodall discovered that wild chimpanzees frequently make and Use tools, her advisor Louis Leakey famously joked that “now we must redefine tool, redefine man, or accept chimpanzees as humans". Numerous other species have joined chimpanzees in knocking humans off their pedestal. Boxer crabs use stinging anemones as defensive weapons. American alligators place sticks on top of their snouts to catch egrets during their nesting season. Parrots frequently se a variety of objects to scratch themselves. A jay and a crow have once been observed to use sticks as weapons to jab at each other. Elephant bulls sometimes throw young elephants at fences to create a passage. The list goes on, and continues to grow with new nitpshcpna.instructure.comvcourses!120815iquzz0s/723657 28‘419123, 20:36, /ARW2- Mater Exam: Vitual 202309 Avanzado 11 10:20-21-00, research. For example, we recently discovered that New Caledonian crows use tools to transport objects, and that greater vasa parrots use pebbles to grind calcium powder from seashells for ingestion. 3. Despite the large variation in which species use tools and how, this behavior still has special significance. New reports of tool use animals often feature words such as “intelligent”, “smart” or “clever”. But is this really the case or is it time to abandon tool use as a measure of intelligence? 4. Finding a single measure of intelligence for species as different as fish and elephants is extremely difficult. But one place to start is by looking at how flexibly animals can solve problems or, in other words, if they can learn more general rules and use these to solve new problems. For example, if an animal usually uses a stone to crack open a nut, but there are no stones around, will the animal choose another heavy, hard object to crack open the nut? This would suggest a more abstract understanding about the type of object needed. 5 In the case of the Egyptian vulture and many other species, tool use occurs in one very specific context and is relatively inflexible. On the other hand, some species use a range of different tools to solve different problems. Chimpanzees, for example, have a broad toolkit: they use stones to crack nuts, leaf stems to fish for termites, stick tools to probe for honey and leaves to soak up water for drinking. Similarly, New Caledonian crows make and use several different tools from different materials to probe for insects, and also Use tools to explore new and potentially threatening objects. This type of flexible tool use may allow individuals to innovate new and creative solutions to difficult problems. But even so, tool- using species aren't necessarily better at solving problems than species that don't use tools. Humans are clearly not the only animals to use tools for a wide variety of purposes. And while tool use may not always reflect the spark of a bright mind, it still provides a fascinating glimpse into how different species interact with their environments. Questions: 1. Chimps, boxer crabs, parrots, alligators, and so on are examples of. animals that use tools like humans do. nitpsshcpna.instructre.comvcourses!20415iquzz0s/723657 3‘419123, 20:36, |ARW2 - Midtorm Exam: Virtual 202309 Avanzado 11 19:30-21:00 2. When Jane Goodall discovered that chimps made and used tools, Louis Leaky really thought that [Select] v 3. The authors think that a better way to measure animal intelligence would be to see... [Select] - 4. According to the authors, animals that use tools ... [Select ] . 5. In the article, the authors use this quotation “now we must redefine tool, redefine man, or accept chimpanzees as humans” to support the idea that [Select } . Answer 1: animals that use tools like humans do. Answer 2: making and using tools does not define intelligence. Answer 3: if they can use different tools to solve new problems. ‘Answer se them only in one very specific context, Answer 5: Chimpanzees, for example, have a broad toolkit: they use stones to crack nuts... nitpshcpne.instructure.comcourses!120415iquzz0s/723657 48‘419123, 20:36, |ARW2 - Midtorm Exam: Virtual 202309 Avanzado 11 19:30-21:00 Section -B: Reading Comprehension To recognize hedging language Question 2 10/10 pts Read the following text and use the information to answer the questions below, [Although duration of smoking is also important when considering risk, it is highly correlated with age, which itself is a risk factor, so separating their effects can be difficult; however, large studies tend to show a relation between duration and risk. Because light smoking seems to have dramatic effects on cardiovascular disease, shorter duration might also be associated with a higher than expected risk. Questions: 1. What hedging language does the author use? Smoking seems to have dramatic effects. 2. The author uses this hedging language to show that he does not know. the importance of light smoking on cardiovascular disease. Answer 1: ‘Smoking seems to have dramatic effects. Answer 2: nitpsshcpna.instructre.comvcourses!20415iquzz0s/723657 58‘419123, 20:36, |ARW2 - Midtorm Exam: Virtual 202309 Avanzado 11 19:30-21:00 the importance of light smoking on cardiovascular disease. Section Il: Skills for Writing Restating the author's idea Question 3 15/15 pts Read each quote and the paraphrases below. Choose the best paraphrase for each quotation. 1, Mario said, “I need to begin a project to investigate animals’ skills.” [Select } . 2. Roger said, “The advantage of reward-based training method is that animals will do what we want them to Roger said that a positive aspect of the reward-based training method is that it makes animals perform do.” actions we intend to try with them 3. The employee wrote in his blog, [Select] . “Even if | got 100 on my exam, | would not have chances to get promoted.” Answer 1: nitpsshcpna.instructre.comvcourses!20415iquzz0s/723657 6‘419123, 20:36, |ARW2 - Midtorm Exam: Virtual 202309 Avanzado 11 19:30-21:00 Mario explained that he needed to start an activity to research on animals’ abilities. Answer 2: Roger said that a positive aspect of the reward-based training method is that it makes animals perform actions we intend to try with them. Answer 3: The employee wrote he wouldn't have opportunities to be promoted even if he obtained 100 on the final evaluation: Section Ill: Written Expression Identifying and extracting main ideas from a text to write a summary Question 4 Not yet graded / 50 pts Now, write a summary about the article in Section |. Remember your summary must have a thesi: in idea, Do not include many detail or examples. nitpsshcpna.instructre.comvcourses!20415iquzz0s/723657 78‘419123, 20:36, |ARW2- Midterm Exam: Virtual 202309 Avanzado 11 19:30-21:00 EVALUATION CRITERIA TOPIC AND TASK 1S points | FLOW OF IDEAS 10 points GRANMAR AND VOCABULARY Bpoints ORGANIZATION 18 points PUNCTUATION AND SPELLING 2points Your Answer: Apparently, some animals, such as chimpanzees, use tools, leading to the perception of higher intelligence compared to others. However, true intelligence should be compared in the context of using tools for diverse problems, not just one category. Examples include the use of rocks to crack nuts or sticks for termite hunting. This challenges the unconscious categorization of intelligence based on a single skill. Animals whose abilities extend to various tool applications, achieved over time, reveal a process of trial and error, reveal a more nuanced understanding of their cognitive capacities. This perspective make us to question when and how we assess. animal intelligence and whom we regard truly resourceful in thier tool utilization, This broader perspective underscores the complexity of animal cognition and prompts us to reconsider the criteria by which we evaluate their intelligence. nitpshcpne.instructure.comcourses!120415iquzz0s/723657 8