Sitai20151206 Nlsnzbcsimulations

Numerical solutions of focusing NLS with NZBCs
10/21/2015, Sitai Li and Gino Biondini

In this report, we compute numerical solutions of the focusing NLS equation with NZBCs
I qt + qxx + 2 Abs[q]2 - q20  q = 0, q[± ∞, t] = q0 ,
and three types of ICs (box, Gaussian, sech)

x2
q[x, 0] =  q0 + ϵ E[I ϕ] Cos[ω x] - a ≤ x ≤ a , q[x, 0] = q0 + ϵ EI ϕ -  Cos[ω x],
q0 otherwise a2
q[x, 0] = q0 + ϵ Sech[x / a] Exp[I ϕ] Cos[ω x].
These are complicated ICs because there are four parameters in each IC. I chose 3 values for each
parameter and got total 81 solutions for each IC. It is important to discover the impact on the solu-
tion from each parameter. Therefore, I will compare the solutions arising from different choices of
parameters in this report.
In each page that follows:
The first plot is the desity plot of the modulus of the solution till = 12. The second one shows the
spectrum of the IC. The third plot is the modulus of the solution at t = 12. The last plot is the
frontview of the 3D - plot of |q| untill t = 12. The red vertical line denotes the edge ξ = 4 2 q0 *t (in
plot one) or envelope (in plot three and four) from the prediction.
Also, I want to point out one thing about the spectrum graphs. In some cases, there are singularities
in a11 . I changed the original data ∞ (in matlab it is Inf) to ⅇ5 so that the scale won’t be stretched out
too much and we can still see the structure of the scattering data. So whenever there is a point in
the spectrum plot with the value log( a11 |) = 5, there is a singularity.
Singularities of a11 in spectrum plot

Here I want to point out one thing about the singularities in spectrum plots. The scattering data at
the singularity is equal to ∞ in mathlab' s format (Inf). The image function I used to generate the plot
cannot deal with this symbol ∞ very well, because it is not an actual number. Thus the image func-
tion simply puts the color corresponding to the largest value there, but it doesn' t change the scale in
the colorbar on the right (no Inf in the colorbar). To verify this behavior, one can run the following
command in matlab and see there is no Inf in the plot. My matlab' s version is R2010b.
image 1, 1, log (Inf), ' CDataMapping ', ' scaled ' ;
colormap (bone);
colorbar ( ' eastoutside ');
In order to show the singularities and the details of the scattering data simutaneously, I replaced the
original singular pixel by a big red cross. This big cross may overlap with other structures. Note the
scale bar on the right of the spectrum plot does not apply to singularities!! No Inf in the scale bar.
2 longtimenls.nb
Numerical solutions with box IC

In this section, we compute the solutions with box-like IC
q[x, 0] =  q0 + ϵ E[I ϕ] Cos[ω x] - a ≤ x ≤ a .

q0 otherwise
SetDirectory[NotebookDirectory[]];
Part I, Long-time asymptotics of box ICs: parameter dependence

The default setting is
longtimenls.nb 3
path = "nlsbox/folder31/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png"; p3 = ImageCropImportpath, "plot12.png";

p4 = ImageCropImportpath, "frontview.png"; p5 = ImageCropImportpath, "waterfallfourier.png"; p6 = ImageCropImportpath, "qx0.png";
GridShow#, ImageSize → 300, ImagePadding → 5, 5, 5, 5 & /@ p1, p2, Show#, ImageSize → 300, ImagePadding → 5, 5, 5, 5 & /@ p3, p4, Show#, ImageSize → 300, ImagePadding → 5, 5, 5, 5 & /@ p5, p6
Parameters ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = 0, a = 1, ω = 0. (folder31)

4 longtimenls.nb
1. Changing ϵ
Here, I present some of the solutions only differing from the values of ϵ. The other parameters are ϕ
= 0, a = 1, ω = 0. The ϵ ∈ { 0.01, 1 }. (folder4, folder58)
Parameters: ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = 0, a = 1, ω = 0. (folder4)

longtimenls.nb 5
path = "nlsbox/folder58/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";

p3 = ImageCropImportpath, "plot12.png";
Parameters: ϵ = 1, ϕ = 0, a = 1, ω = 0. (folder58)
It seems that the periodic structure appears early when ϵ is of order 1 and this structure appears
late when ϵ is small. Nonetheless, the structure which emerges is remarkably similar.
6 longtimenls.nb
2. Changing a
Here, I present some of the solutions only differing from the values of a. The other parameters are ϵ
= 0.1, ϕ = 0, ω = 0. The a ∈ { 0.1, 10 }. (folder28, folder34)
Parameters ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = 0, a = 0.1, ω = 0. (folder28)

longtimenls.nb 7


8 longtimenls.nb
3. Changing ϕ
Here, I present some of the solutions only differing from the values of ϕ. The other parameters are ϵ
= 0.1, a = 1, ω = 0. The ϕ ∈ { π /2, π }. (folder40, folder49)
Parameters: ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = π /2, a = 1, ω = 0. (folder40)

longtimenls.nb 9

Parameters: ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = π, a = 1, ω = 0. (folder49)

Notice that for the last case where ϕ = π, there is a trough in the center instead of a peak. This is
different from Gino and Dionyssis’s prediction. The main difference between this case and all other
cases is that the perturbation term in the initial condition is negative. To better illustrate this situa-
tion, I list all the solutions with negative perturbation term in the final section.
10 longtimenls.nb
4. Changing ω
Here, I present some of the solutions only differing from the values of ω.
Parameters are ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = 0, a = 1. ω = 2 . (folder32)

longtimenls.nb 11

Parameters are ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = 0, a = 1. ω = π. (folder33)

12 longtimenls.nb
Part II, Pure radiation solutions

To be clear, I only calculate the spectrum on a bounded region. Here the term “pure radiation
solutions” means that the solution doesn’t have discrete eigenvalues in this bounded region. It is
possible that the solution has discrete eigenvalues outside this region.
Here I will only show a few such solutions. Of course there are more solutions. The omitted ones
look like very similar to the ones I picked here.
longtimenls.nb 13

ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = π/2, a = 0.1, ω = 0 (folder10)

14 longtimenls.nb

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π/2, a = 0.1, ω = 0 (folder64)

longtimenls.nb 15

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π, a = 10, ω = 0 (folder79)
According to Emily’s paper, there are no discrete eigenvalues.
16 longtimenls.nb

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π/2, a = 1, ω = π (folder69)
longtimenls.nb 17

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π, a = 1, ω = 0 (folder76)
18 longtimenls.nb
Part III, Other solutions

Here I show some interesting solutions. All of them have at least one discrete eigenvalues.
GridShow#, ImageSize → 300, ImagePadding → 5, 5, 5, 5 & /@ p1, p2
ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = 0, a = 10, ω = 0 (folder7)

ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = 0, a = 10, ω = π (folder9)

longtimenls.nb 19

ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = π/2, a = 10, ω = 2 (folder17)

ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = 0, a = 10, ω = π (folder36)

20 longtimenls.nb

ϵ = 1, ϕ = 0, a = 10, ω = 0 (folder61)
According to Emily' s paper, there are at lest one discrete eigenvalue in (1,2)i.
ϵ = 1, ϕ = 0, a = 10, ω = 2 (folder62)
longtimenls.nb 21

ϵ = 1, ϕ = 0, a = 10, ω = π (folder63)
ϵ = 1, ϕ = π/2, a = 10, ω = 0 (folder70)

22 longtimenls.nb

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π/2, a = 10, ω = 2 (folder71)

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π/2, a = 10, ω = π (folder72)

longtimenls.nb 23

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π, a = 10, ω = 2 (folder80)
ϵ = 1, ϕ = π, a = 10, ω = π (folder81)
24 longtimenls.nb
Numerical solutions with Gaussian IC

In this section, we compute numerical solutions of the focusing NLS equation with Gaussian initial
condition
x2
q[x, 0] = q0 + ϵ EI ϕ -  Cos[ω x] .
a2
Part I, Long-time asymptotics of Gaussian-like ICs: parameter dependence

The following setting is the default setting. It seems there is one discrete eigenvalue.
longtimenls.nb 25
path = "nlsgaussian/folder31/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";


26 longtimenls.nb
1. Changing ϵ

longtimenls.nb 27

28 longtimenls.nb
2. Changing a

longtimenls.nb 29


It seems that there exist discrete eigenvalues when a = 10, so in the future, it is better to compute
solutions with small values of a. One can see a peregrine - soliton - shape in the last case when t =
10.
30 longtimenls.nb
3. Changing ϕ

longtimenls.nb 31


32 longtimenls.nb
4. Changing ω
path = "nlsgaussian/folder32/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png"; p3 = ImageCropImportpath, "plot12.png";

longtimenls.nb 33


It is easy to see that the parameter ω does not change the solution very much. So in the future, it is
better to fix this parameter to the value of 2 , which corresponds to the max modulational
instability.
34 longtimenls.nb

In this section, I will show some solutions “without any discrete eigenvalues” other than the ones in
the first section. Due to the high computational cost of finding discrete eigenvalues, I only calculated
the spectrum of a given IC on the region [0,2]×[0,2i]. It is possible that one IC doesn’t have any
discrete eigenvalues in this region but has some outside.
longtimenls.nb 35
ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = π/2, w = 0.1, ω = 0 (folder10)

ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = π/2, w = 10, ω = 2 (folder17)

36 longtimenls.nb

ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = π, w = 0.1, ω = 0 (folder19)

longtimenls.nb 37

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π/2, w = 0.1, ω = 0 (folder64)

38 longtimenls.nb

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π/2, w = 1, ω = 2 (folder68)
longtimenls.nb 39

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π/2, a = 1, ω = π (folder69)
40 longtimenls.nb

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π, w = 1, ω = 0 (folder76)
longtimenls.nb 41

ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = π/2, w = 10, ω = 0 (folder16)

ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = π/2, a = 10, ω = π (folder18)

42 longtimenls.nb

ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = π, w = 10, ω = 0 (folder25)

ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = π, a = 10, ω = π (folder27)

longtimenls.nb 43

ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = 0, a = 10, ω = π (folder36)

ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = π/2, w = 10, ω = 0 (folder43)

44 longtimenls.nb
ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = π/2, a = 10, ω = π (folder45)

ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = π, w = 10, ω = 0 (folder52)

ϵ = 1, ϕ = 0, w = 10, ω = 0 (folder61)
longtimenls.nb 45

ϵ = 1, ϕ = 0, a = 10, ω = π (folder63)
ϵ = 1, ϕ = π/2, w = 10, ω = 2 (folder71)

46 longtimenls.nb

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π/2, a = 10, ω = π (folder72)

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π, w = 10, ω = 0 (folder79)
longtimenls.nb 47

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π, w = 10, ω = 2 (folder80)
ϵ = 1, ϕ = π, a = 10, ω = π (folder81)
Numerical solutions with sech IC

In this section, we compute solutions of the focusing NLS equation with sech initial conditions
q[x, 0] = q0 + ϵ Sech[x / a] Exp[I ϕ] Cos[ω x].

48 longtimenls.nb
Part I, Long-time asymptotics of sech-like ICs: parameter dependence

The default setting: Parameters ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = 0, a = 1, ω = 0. (folder31)
path = "nlssech/folder31/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png"; p3 = ImageCropImportpath, "plot12.png";
longtimenls.nb 49
1. Changing ϵ
path = "nlssech/folder4/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";

50 longtimenls.nb

longtimenls.nb 51
2. Changing a

52 longtimenls.nb


longtimenls.nb 53
3. Changing ϕ

54 longtimenls.nb


longtimenls.nb 55
4. Changing ω

56 longtimenls.nb

p3 = ImageCropImportpath, "plot12.png"; p4 = ImageCropImportpath, "frontview.png";
p5 = ImageCropImportpath, "waterfallfourier.png"; p6 = ImageCropImportpath, "qx0.png";

longtimenls.nb 57

To be clear, these solutions don’t have discrete eigenvalues in the bounded region.
ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = π/2, a = 0.1, ω = 0 (folder10)

58 longtimenls.nb

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π/2, a = 0.1, ω = 0 (folder64)

longtimenls.nb 59

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π, a = 1, ω = 0 (folder76)
60 longtimenls.nb

ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = π/2, a = 10, ω = 0 (folder16)

ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = π/2, a = 10, ω = 2 (folder17)

longtimenls.nb 61

ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = π/2, a = 10, ω = π (folder18)

ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = π, a = 10, ω = π (folder27)

62 longtimenls.nb
ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = π/2, a = 10, ω = 0 (folder43)

ϵ = 1, ϕ = 0, a = 10, ω = 0 (folder61)
ϵ = 1, ϕ = 0, a = 10, ω = π (folder63)
longtimenls.nb 63

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π/2, a = 1, ω = 0 (folder67)
ϵ = 1, ϕ = π/2, a = 10, ω = 2 (folder71)

64 longtimenls.nb

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π/2, a = 10, ω = π (folder72)

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Numerical solutions of focusing NLS with NZBCs

10/21/2015, Sitai Li and Gino Biondini

I qt + qxx + 2 Abs[q]2 - q20  q = 0, q[± ∞, t] = q0 ,

and three types of ICs (box, Gaussian, sech)

Singularities of a11 in spectrum plot

Numerical solutions with box IC

q[x, 0] =  q0 + ϵ E[I ϕ] Cos[ω x] - a ≤ x ≤ a .

Part I, Long-time asymptotics of box ICs: parameter dependence

path = "nlsbox/folder31/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png"; p3 = ImageCropImportpath, "plot12.png";

Parameters ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = 0, a = 1, ω = 0. (folder31)

Parameters: ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = 0, a = 1, ω = 0. (folder4)

path = "nlsbox/folder58/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";

Parameters ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = 0, a = 0.1, ω = 0. (folder28)

path = "nlsbox/folder34/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";

Parameters ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = 0, a = 10, ω = 0. (folder34)

Parameters: ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = π /2, a = 1, ω = 0. (folder40)

path = "nlsbox/folder49/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";

Parameters: ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = π, a = 1, ω = 0. (folder49)

Parameters are ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = 0, a = 1. ω = 2 . (folder32)

path = "nlsbox/folder33/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png"; p3 = ImageCropImportpath, "plot12.png";

Parameters are ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = 0, a = 1. ω = π. (folder33)

Part II, Pure radiation solutions

path = "nlsbox/folder10/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";

ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = π/2, a = 0.1, ω = 0 (folder10)

path = "nlsbox/folder64/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π/2, a = 0.1, ω = 0 (folder64)

path = "nlsbox/folder79/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";

path = "nlsbox/folder69/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";

path = "nlsbox/folder76/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";

Part III, Other solutions

ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = 0, a = 10, ω = 0 (folder7)

ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = 0, a = 10, ω = π (folder9)

path = "nlsbox/folder17/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";

ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = π/2, a = 10, ω = 2 (folder17)

ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = 0, a = 10, ω = π (folder36)

path = "nlsbox/folder61/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";

path = "nlsbox/folder63/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π/2, a = 10, ω = 0 (folder70)

path = "nlsbox/folder71/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π/2, a = 10, ω = 2 (folder71)

ϵ = 1, ϕ = π/2, a = 10, ω = π (folder72)

path = "nlsbox/folder80/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";

Numerical solutions with Gaussian IC

Part I, Long-time asymptotics of Gaussian-like ICs: parameter dependence

path = "nlsgaussian/folder31/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";

Parameters ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = 0, a = 1, ω = 0. (folder31)

Parameters: ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = 0, a = 1, ω = 0. (folder4)

path = "nlsgaussian/folder58/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";

Parameters ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = 0, a = 0.1, ω = 0. (folder28)

path = "nlsgaussian/folder34/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";

Parameters ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = 0, a = 10, ω = 0. (folder34)

Parameters: ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = π /2, a = 1, ω = 0. (folder40)

path = "nlsgaussian/folder49/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";

Parameters: ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = π, a = 1, ω = 0. (folder49)

Parameters are ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = 0, a = 1. ω = 2 . (folder32)

path = "nlsgaussian/folder33/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";

Parameters are ϵ = 0.1, ϕ = 0, a = 1. ω = π. (folder33)

Part II, Pure radiation solutions

ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = π/2, w = 0.1, ω = 0 (folder10)

ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = π/2, w = 10, ω = 2 (folder17)

path = "nlsgaussian/folder19/"; p1 = ImageCropImportpath, "density.png"; p2 = ImageCropImportpath, "spectrum.png";

ϵ = 0.01, ϕ = π, w = 0.1, ω = 0 (folder19)