2.4.2 Diffusivity Prediction in Gases Diffusion coefficient is a significant parameter which depends upon temperature, pressure and composition of the components. Diffusivity can be determined experimentally. For some of the systems it is given in Table 2.1 (more data is8 = Mass Transfer—Theory and Practice Table 2.1 Diffusivities of gases at standard atmospheric pressure, 101.3 kN/m* System Temperature, °C Diffusivity, m2/s x 10° H)-CH, 0 6.25 Oy-Np 0 1.81 co-0, 0 1.85 CO,-0, 0 1.39 Air-NH; 0 1.98 Air-H,0 25.9 2.58 59.0 3.05 Air-ethanol 0 1.02 Air-n-Butanol 25.9 0.87 59.0 1.04 Air-ethyl acetate 25.9 0.87 59.0 1.06 Air-aniline 25.9 0.74 59.0 0.90 Air—chlorobenzene 25.9 0.74 59.0 0.90 Air-toluene 25.9 0.86 59.0 0.92 available in literature). In some cases, it is very difficult to determine experimentally. Hirschfelder-Bird-Spotz developed an empirical relation to determine the diffusivity for mixtures of non-polar or a polar with non-polar gas. fio where Dag is the diffusivity, m?/s T is the absolute temperature, K Ma, Mg is the molecular weight of A and B respectively, kg/kmol P, is the absolute pressure, N/m? Dap= [Rc {= _ es, . 5 eae + ap is the molecular separation at collision = aS. nm ap is the energy of molecular attraction = Vex 3 K is the Boltzmann’s constant f (=) is the collision function given by Fig. 2.1 ‘AB The values of r and € such as those listed in Table 2.2 can be calculated from other Properties of gases such as viscosity. They can also be estimated empirically by r= 1.18 yi8 (2.32) e/K = 1.21 Ty (2.33) where v is the molal volume of liquid at normal boiling point, m°skmol and 7; is the normal boiling point, K.Diffusion 9 Fig. 2.1 Collision function. Table 2.2 Force constants of gases as determined from viscosity data Gas aK, K ram Air 18.6 03711 CCl, 322.7 0.5947 CH,OH 481.8 0.3626 CH, 148.6 0.3758 co 917 0.3690 CO, 195.2 0.3941 CS) 467 0.4483 GH, 215.7 0.4443 CoH, 237.1 0.5118 CoH 4123 0.5349 Ch 316 0.4217 HCI 344.7 0.3339 He 10.22 0.2551 Hy 59.7 0.2827 H,0 809.1 0.2641 HS 301.1 0.3623 NH 558.3 0.2900 NO 116.7 0.3492 No 16 0.3798 N,0 232.4 0.3828 0, 106.7 0.3467 SO, 335.4 0.4112