To all of the present and future scientists,

Several elite Iranian students from the best universities in Iran,

who will be great scientists in the world like Maryam
Mirzakhani, have been murderously attacked and arrested by the
police just for protesting against unfair rules rubber-stamped by
the government.
I urgently ask you to spread the news in scientific society.
These innocent students require your support to be released from
prison.
Furthermore, I hope Ukrainian particularly talented students will
always be safe. Our sympathies are with them.
 Problem 35
𝑨𝒍𝒈𝒆𝒃𝒓𝒂
The sequence 𝑐0 , 𝑐1 , … , 𝑐𝑛 , … is defined by 𝑐0 = 1, 𝑐1 = 0 and 𝑐𝑛+2 = 𝑐𝑛+1 + 𝑐𝑛 for n ≥ 0.
Consider the set S of ordered pairs (x, y) for which there is a finite set J of positive integers such
that 𝑥 = ∑𝑗∈𝐽 𝑐𝑗 , 𝑦 = ∑𝑗∈𝐽 𝑐𝑗−1 . Prove that there exist real numbers α, β and m, M with the
following property: An ordered pair of nonnegative integers (x, y) satisfies the inequality
m < αx + βy < M
if and only if (x, y) ∈ S.
N. B. A sum over the elements of the empty set is assumed to be 0. (Russia)

Combinatorics
Given a convex n-gon P in the plane. For every three vertices of P, consider the triangle
determined by them. Call such a triangle good if all its sides are of unit length. Prove that there
2
are not more than 𝑛 good triangles. (Ukraine)
3

Geometry
Let ω be the circumcircle of a triangle ABC. Denote by M and N the midpoints of the sides AB
and AC, respectively, and denote by T the midpoint of the arc BC of ω not containing A. The
circumcircles of the triangles AMT and ANT intersect the perpendicular bisectors of AC and AB
at points X and Y, respectively; assume that X and Y lie inside the triangle ABC. The lines MN
and XY intersect at K. Prove that KA = KT. (Iran)
Number Theory
Determine whether there exists an infinite sequence of nonzero digits 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , … and a positive
integer N such that for every integer 𝑘 > 𝑁, the number ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝑎𝑘 𝑎𝑘−1 … 𝑎1 is a perfect square. (Iran)

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