"7s iter saad wae developed In acorns wth neal ecole pices onan eal ote Deseo oni or he et ties ‘Bespmeat oa Sis, Cds mod Kscunmendain ae the Wer Trade Organ il Bare fo Wade THT) Combe Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)’ towing the desipmton indi the yu of is sar is se dete fie dsigstion D246 enter ot inl opin ou he uo revo eS of nv A mtn pt ‘epenerp eno (eines an chang sc helt visa o appa ‘Thr sam hat ben apne or eb emis ofthe US. Depart of Defense Scope* 1.1 This fre-testresponse standard describes a procedure Yor measunng the munmmum concentration of oxygen, ex pressed as percent volume. that will just support flaming combustion in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen 1.2 This test method provides three testing procedures Procedure A involves top surface ignition, Procedure Bin volves propagating ignition, and Procedure C is a short rovedure involving the comperigon with a opecified value of the oxygen index. 1.3 Test specimens used for this west method are prepared into one of tix typee of spesimens (eee Table 1). 1.4 This test method provides for testing materials that are ‘structurally self-supporting in the form of vertical bars or sheet ‘up to 10.S-mm thick, Such materials are solid, laminated oF cellular materials characterized by an apparent density greater man 13 kyr. LS This toot method or film materials, while supported vertically 146 This test method is also suitable, in some cases, for cellular materials having an apparent density of less han 15 kota ‘Nis IAluugh dis teat mabe has heen oud appcadie for ‘es some other materials, the prison othe Test method has not een etcmined for tese materia or (or specimen yoometice and st feondlions tide tose recommended ren 1.7 This test method measures and describes the response of materiale, products, of assembliey to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but docs not by itself incorporate all, factors required for fire hazard or fre risk assessment of the ‘materials, products, or assemblies under actual fite conditions, 18 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other unity of measurement are included int standard ko provides for toting Moxible sheet ex ta ue the unin of ASTM Comite D200 as td isthe det repent of Subsonmatee D200) on Thema Props, ‘Care ean pponed Des. I 207. bit Jay 201 Cpl approved 197, Lam pov extn approves in 2017 a4 0286-17 10 L9 This standard doce mor purpart to addewee all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilty of te uses ofthis stundard establish apron priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- ‘mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use, Specific hazards statement are given in Section 10. 110 Five testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe- guards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these test ‘Note 2h tet method and ISO 4589-2 are eehically equivalent wen using the gas measurement and consol device described a 6.3 ‘hm ect oxygen concent messaremens LL This intemational standard was developed jn acca dance with internationally recognized principles on standand- isation established in the Decision on Principles fur the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- ‘mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards D6I¥ Practice for Conditioning Plastics for ‘Te DIO71 Test Methods for Volumetne Measurement of Gass ‘cous Fue Samples Test Meth! for Apparent Des ity of Rigid Cellular hyl Methacrylate) Aerylie ‘4968 Practice for Annual Review of Test Methods and ‘specications tor Plastics E176 ‘Terminology of Fie Standards for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias i Methods logy Relating to Quality and Statisties F691 Practice for Conducting an Inierlaboraiory Study to Deterinine the Precision of a Test Method far eferced ASTM suds, vt he ASTM eit, wma. comact ASTM Cusone Sere tere oy For Ami Bodo SPP ‘Sunda vou frm, fr stants Dace Samay a Camp AST raat, 10 Ba Hae FO Bo 70, Ws Coa a HE Ute SisSecon Teng Wain, Tiss, Metal Fern T0018) W208 42023 —trnaking naa te miso tosos Stas to awal rurale estoy nla ve as S205 =108 _tortnmle hor aheet whe owz0 a" Guat fermen aed tom 10" ‘canbe ood bye we ected Tea woeonane oT LW sats ls manson Ta spacers Forman Vl ae ele Tor matte Pal auto soppart Sung toing Tet sposrens fem V8 ‘abl form nate ce eral ae oppor pec by he ¥ Corgae ress cosine sng Toe Vand es pacers ely those ‘tnaned win spectre te sume om an soo his ea a Me {troueofvrebon in Obloas or na rare De EONS BY ee = pes specnan of Toe Vit stair hn at i euopsrig when listed (ee 74), Dinara th toa ane spscen ea wen "sree form's mae. et evry hs ose at proper ecu wll ‘ty e ote woo ov lyre re comtnad ine eprint ROSS Practice for Conducting Laboratory Applications 2.2 180 Stundards:* ISO 4589.2 Plastics —Devermination of Plammability by Oxygen Index—Part 2, Ambient T 180 7823-1 Poly(Methylmethaerylate) Sheets—Iypes, Di ‘mensions and Charactristies—Part I—Cast Sheets 180 13943 Fine Safety—Vocabulary jivatenee Testing i 3. Terminology 3.1 Depintions 3.1.1 For definitions of terms used inthis test method refer to the terminology contained in Terminology E176 and ISO 13043. In case of conflict the definitions given in Terminology E176 shall prevail 3.2 Defnitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 32.1 ignirion—the initiation of combustion 3.22 oxygen index (Ol)—the minimum concentration of oxygen, expressed as volume pereent, in a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen that will just suppor flaming combustion of a ‘material initially at 23 + 2°C under the conditions of this test wa 4. Summary of Test Method 4.1 A small tt specimen ia cuppored venially in a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen flowing upwards through & ‘wansparent chimney. The upper end of the specimen is ignited fand the subsequent buming behavior of the specimen is ‘observed to compare the period for which burning continues, or the length of specimen burt, with specified limits for each * valle fon America Nawal Sands nett (ANSI 28 W480 8 By testing a series of specimens in different oxygen ‘onventtations, he minimum oxygen concentration 1s deter mined. 4.2 Three procedures are included Procedure A, a complete assessment of the oxygen inden is conducted using top surface ignition. In Procedure B, a ‘complete assessment of the oxygen index is conducted using Procedure C provides a comparison with jum value of oxygen index and can be conducted using top surface ignition or propagating ignition this test method. In 5. Significance and Use 5.1 This test meted provides for the measurng oF the ‘minimum concentration of oxygen in a lowing mixture of ‘oxygen and nitrogen that will ust support flaming combustion of plastics. Correlation with bur actual use Conditions isnot implied, 5.2 In this test method, the specimens are subjected to one Cor more specitic sets of lahoratory test conditions, I dillerent test conditions are substituted oF the end-use conditions are ‘hanged, itis ot always ponsible by or from us West predict changes in the fir-est-response. characteristics measured, Therefore, the results are valid only for the fre-estexposure conditions descr im thie test metho 6. Apparatus 6.1 Test Chinmey. The test chimney consists of a heat resistant glass tube of 75 to 100-mm inside diameter and 450 {to 500mm height. The opening a the 1op of the chimney shall be restrcied to provide an outlet of 40 = 2-nnm diameter ith by providing an overhead cap or by designing the glass chimney appropriately ‘The bottom of the chimney, or tho base to which the tube is attached, shall contain noncombustible ‘aerial w evenly mis and distribute dhe gas mixture entering at this base, Glass beads 3 to 5 mm in diameter in bed 80 vo 100-mm deep have been found suitale, The chimney shall be mounted securely on the hase to prevent air leaks, One ‘example of a design is shown Nor 31s help pce wie screen above the noncombustible ‘mati vo catch fling Gragmpents and adit Keeping th ase te ‘column clan 62 Specimen Holders 62.1 Specimen Holder for SelfSupporting Specimens— ‘Any small holding device that will support the specimen at its Fase and hol it vertically in the hiamey i an acceptable specimen holder. A typical arrangement (see Fig. 1) comists of a Inserted to the ‘end of a glass tube held in place by glass beads or otherwise firmly supported. 62.2 Specimen Holder for Specimens of Flerible Sheet or Filin Materials that Require Support—A specimen holder for Alexie film or sheet materials that requite support sll be uble to support the specimen by both vertical edges in a frame ‘equivalent to that illustrated by Fig, 2, with reference marks at 20 and 100 mm helow the top af the Frame. ‘Phe profile f the bolder and its suppor stall be smooth to minimize induction of turbulence in the vising Blow of ga of tlr o2005 110 ‘GLASS COLUMN (75-100 mm ID x 450-500 mm H) 1. Baring Specimen 6 tas Baas «00 column cap: (OPENING DIM. = 40 mm) ere SECTIONA-A ‘OPTIONAL DEVICE FOR [RESTRICTING COLUMN (OPENING [ATERNATE FLOW MEAGURING DEVICE 11, Pressure Gauge 2 lon aie 15. Fe re Screen 2.08 va 14 heat vo fing Sane ‘ar Ortce naar 18: Ramee io, 1 Typlea! equipment Layout 623 Thin Film Rolling Tool—In order 10 prepare self- supporting specimens from thin lms (see 7.4), use a 2 O.L-mm stainless steel rod with a 0:3 + 00S-mm slit at one end, equivalent to that illustrated in Fig. 3. The actual specimen holder shall be the one in 6.2.1 63 Gas Measurement and Control Devices. Gas measure ‘ment and control devices shall be suitable for measuring the ‘concontration of oxygen in the gas minture entering the chimney with an accuracy of =0.5 %, by volume, of the gas mixlure and for adjusting the concentration of oxygen in the ure with a precision of *0.1 %, by volum mixture, when the gas velocity through the ein runs a 23 = 2° 63.1 The system for gas measurement and control involves needle valves on individual and mixed gas supply lines, a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer that continuously samples the mixed gas, and a flow meter wo indicate when the gas flow tHuough Wee chimney Is wihin tne required tims. See ANNEX. Ad for an altemate system for gas measurement of the gas i940 2Two FRawe secTions MUSTOU MATERIAL ‘SECURELY ALONG BOTH ‘uci eoces USING ls On oTnen MEAS, FG. 2 Frame Design (0.3 + 0.05 mm st to catch an end 4 ot tin tobe rolled t FIG. 9 Rod witha Sit 6.3.2 The system used for gas measurement requires cali bration alter assembly to ensure that the compounded errors of the component parts do not exceed the requirements of 6.5 ‘or ensuring that temperature ofthe gas mixture entering the chimney is 23 = 2°C. If this involves an internal probe, its position and Profile shall be designed to minimize induction of turbulence Within the chimney, 64 Flame Igniter The Mauve igniter shall comprise tube, with an inside diameter of2 = 1 mm, that ean be inserted into the chimney to apply the test ame. 64.1 The fuel supply shall be adjusted so that the fame height is 16 = 4 mm (measured from the bottom of the Name ‘o the top ofthe flame) when the flame igniter tube is vertical the chimney and the flame is buring within the ‘chimney atmospbere (sce Fig, 4). 6.442 The flame fvel shall be one of the following: methane or natural gas of at least 97 % purity, or propane of at least 98 % purity. The lame fuel shall have 0 premixed ai 65 Timing Device. A timing device shall be provided, is capable of measuring periods up to $ min with an Ss. 6.6 Fume Euiruction System. A fume extraction system shall bee provided with sullicient ventilation or exhaust to remove fumes or soot expelled from the chimney without disrupting the gas-flow rate or temperature in the chimney, [Nom 4—if sot generating mails age being teste iis key that| 4 porate mene See 3 Soygeozn mie To tee FIG. 4 Oxygen Index Apparatus Schematic Showing Igniter Flame Detail the glass chimney, gas ines, and inlet screen will requie cleaning erwecn Wess to matin good visit snd to function propery 62 Gas Supplies. ‘The gas supplied to the test apparatus shall consist of pressurized sources of oxygen oF nitrogen, oF both, not less than 98% pure or clean dry auf, oF both, (containing 20.9 % oxyzen), as appropriate. 647.1 The gas mixture entering the chimney shill have a ‘moisture content of <0.1 %, unless the results have been shown to be insensitive to higher moisture levels in the gas mixture. “The gas supply system shall mcorporue a drying device, oF provision for monitoring of sampling. the as supply for ‘moisture content, unless the moisture content of the gas supplve ie known to be asceptable, [Nom Sit must be noted that botled oxygen oF nitrogen will at always contain <1 of water: moisture conta of O05 e001 % ae typical for commercial supplies as illod bates >98 % pure bat 38 sch ‘ote gases are depressed o below about | MPa theatre content ofthe gas dew off ha been found to ive bove 1, 7. Test Specimens 1.1 General: 111 The specimens shall be die-punched, cut by hand using a razor blade or other sharp tool. or eut by an automatic machine. Altematively, specimens shall be prepared directly by injection molding. 7.1.2 Ensure that the surfaces ofthe specimens are clean and ‘re trom llaws that could alfet burning behavior, for example, peripheral molding fash or burs from machining, The edges of the specimens shall be smooth and free from fuzz oF burns nachining or molding, 7.1.3 Recard the position and orientation of the test speci ‘mens with respect to any asymmetry in the sample material (Gee Note 6) Non 6—Onygen ines est ae to be inca let by itferences in baring behavior, dve wo meri inhomegecy (lor Aire restos from asymmetrically rented thermoplastics) 1.1.4 ‘The test specimens shall conform to the dimensions and geometry ited in Table 1 I nonestandard sine specimens are used a difference im oxygen index is likely to result 7.1.5 Iis ikely that, For merials where the oxygen index is known to within £2 % by volume, 15 tet specimens will be Sullicent, However, for maierials of unknown oxygen index, oF Which exhibit enatic burning characteristics, between 15 and 30 test specimens ae likely to he required. 7.2 Self'Supporting Specimens (Specimen Types 1, , Il and 1V) 7.2.1 ‘The specimens shall be prepared in aecordance with 73 Specimens of Flexible Sheet v1 Require Support (Specimen Type IV) 1.1 The specimens shall be prepared in accordance with 7.1 and they shall be supported by both vertical edges in frame equivalent to that illustrated by Fig. 2 (see 6.2.2) 74 SelfSupporting Specimens Rolled from Thin Films (Specimen Type VI) 7.4.1 For preparation of Type VI specimen tool described in 6.2.3 Film Ataserinls thas use the rolling hes aa ome umavesgounenK coly 02883 — 170 7.4.2 Specimen films shall be prepared in accordance with 4. 7.4.3 Insert one comer of the film into the slit of the thin olling wol and then wind he film around the rod in a 3. Ensure thatthe 45° angle is ‘misintgined duting the winding process so thatthe film reaches ‘exactly 10 the end of the tool, © produce a test piece of the correct length. After the winding i finished, tape the last end ‘of the rll while the materials still on the stainless stel rod to prevent loosening. Then pull the rod out ofthe rolled film. 7.44 Cutoff the rolled film ata distance of 20 mm trom the top end. See Fig. 5. 75 Specimen Marking 7.5.1 For monitoring the distance over which burning ‘occurs, mark the specimen with transverse lines one of levels which are dependent upon the specimen forin and the ignition procedure 1 be used, Structurally. sel specimens shall be marked on at least two adjacent faces. If ‘wet Inks are used, specimen is ignited, 7.5.2 If test specimens of Type I, H, Il, 1V, or VI are wo be tested in accordance with Procedure A, they shall be marked 50 ‘mm from the end to be ignited. If specimens of Type I, Il I, IV, and VI are to be tested in accordance with Procedure B, they shall be marked at 10 mm aad at 60 mm from the end %0 be ignited, 7.5.3, The reference marks for testing specimens of Type V are caried by the supporting frame (see Fig. 2), but thermally Stable materials shall additionally be marked at 20 mm and at 100 mm from the end to be ignited, for convenience. 7.6 For cellular materials, the density shall be determined in accordance with Test Method D1622, [Nom 71 i possible that the oxygen index samples of celular ‘materials hat conn volae ainable blowing agents hat fuse rn the sample wil change with tne 8. Conditioning 8.1 Unless otherwise specified, each test specimen shall be conditioned fora least 0h at 23 * 2°C and S0 = 5 % relative ‘humidity (RH) immediately prior w use in accordance with ui spiral of 45°, as shown in F Practice D618, 140 8.2. Maintain the ambient conditions forthe test apparatus at in enclosure at 23 2 °C ‘and 50 = 5% RH and take the test specimens out of t ‘enclosure just before testing (so that testing is conducted within 30 minutes of the test specimen removal Irom the conditioning Calibrate the system for direct oxygen gas concentration rent with a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer, used for reurements in 6.3.1, by the following: (a) tuming the nitrogen flow on and closing the oxygen flow and confirming that the oxygen concentration on the display reads 0.0%, aad (2) urning the oxygen flow on and closing the nitrogen flow nd confirming that the oxygen concentration on the display reads the same value as the concentraion of oxygen in the supply gas (see 67). 9 Cale rect measurements of oxygen concemteation and flow rate with the instrumentation in 6.3.2 using a water-sealed rotating drum ‘meter (wet tes meter) in accordance with Test Method D1071 ‘or by equivalent calibration devices. ‘The maximum interval between recalibration shall be six months, 9.3 A cast PMMA specimen shall be used as verification material atleast once a month, See Annex At for calibration method flow-measuring system weed for the indi 10, Hazards 10.1 The exhaust system must beso designed and operated thatthe laboratory environment is protected from snake a gases or vapors. The operator shal be insite om ways tninimize exposure to combustion products by following sound safety and industrial hygiene practies. For example, ensure that the exhaust system is working properly and Wear appro- Pte clothing including gloves, safety glasses, breathing Spparatus (when hazardous Tumes ate expected). 102 Daring this tes, high temperatures are generated that are capable oF igniting some clothing following even brief exposures. Precaution shal be ken to avoid igntions ofthis type 11, Symbols and Criteria for This Test Method 11 Test Method Criteria HLA The enitenta tor oxygen andex measurements are described in Table 2. 11.1.2 The extent of burning in this test method is consid fered to have been exceeded when any putt of the visibly bbuming portion of a specimen, including buming drips de- seending the vertical faces, passes the level indicated in the ccoluma, 111.3 The criteria in Table 2 do not necessarily produce equivalent oxygen index results for specimens of differing shape or tested using different ignition conditions or proce: dures 112 Method Symbols: 112.1 C,oxygen con tration in percent volumeAff 02863 - 17 TABLE 2 Criteria for Oxygen Index Measurements peices 3) ‘lion Procedure — BUNA ro pu (ep ste ito cine pooner 2 erepzgaing enon) “oom v pte loton 160d ne rman on aaa) "Te gia bh tn cor cy pn Np pan ‘eto specs erg sane resea wget ion ondons Bt peda, fe ono ef turing i exoeded when any parol he vis burning peton «speciner,ncucing burg rps cescondng te vere nes, Sane ee 11.22 C.—final value of oxygen concentration volume: 11.23 CG, each of the oxygen concentration percentages tsed during measurement of the lat six responses in the Ny 11.24 O—neither the period or extent of buming exceeds the relevant limit specified in Table 2 11.2.5 X—the period or extent of burning excoods the relevant limit specified in Table 2 11.26 N,—series of "X" of "O" results, 11.2.7 Ny-series of “X" or “0 (Wea, +3). 11.2.8 @* standard deviation of the oxygen concentration. 11.2.9 d—interval between oxygen concentration levels in percent votume. 1.2.10 ka factor to be determined from Table 5, 112.11 n—number of measurements of oxygen concentra percent results. plus tive 12, Test Procedure ‘or 8—Some mstnals exit a non amin 1ype of combustion (or example, glowing combustion) instead of, o at lower oxygen concen- {ron than that required To, aming combustion, When texag sah ‘materi is necessary to enti the ype of eombetn for which he ‘oxygen index is resuied or eased 124 Procedure A AA Ss. initial concentration of oxygen to be used Whenever possible, base the inital concentration on experi- tence of results for similar materials, Alwrnaively, try 10 ignite 4 est specimen in ait, and note the burning behavior. 1 the specimen burs rapidly, select an initial concentration of about 18.5% oxygen; i the toet specimen burns gently oF unsiadily, select an initial oxygen concentration of about 21 %; if the specimen does not continue to bum in aif, select an inital concentration of at least 25 %, depending upon the dilliculty of ignition or the period of burning before extinguishing in ait 12.1.2 Record the oxygen concentration used as the volume Percent measured by an oxygen paramagnetic analyzer (if Present) or as the volume percent calculated in accordance with the equations given in Annex A2 (ft aystean deeuibed it 63218 used). 12.1.3 Ensure that the test chimney is vertical (see Fig. 1) ‘orty thatthe temperature at the lower end of the eiuuy is at least 23 = 2°C, 12.14 Mount a specimen vertically in the cemter of the chimney so that the top of the specimen is at least 100 mm below the open top ofthe chimney and the lowest exposed part ‘OF the specimen 1s at feast 100 mm above the top of the gs distribution device atthe hase ofthe chimney (see Fig. | or Hip 2, as appropriate, for guidance. 12.1.3 Set the gas muxing and How conteols so that an ‘oxygen/nitrogen mixture at 23 + 2°C. containing the desited concentration of oxygen, is flowing through the chimney at a rate 40 = 2 mis. Le the yay flow purge tke chimney for at TABLE 3 Determination of & Fesponses ra LiF. Ts rw ie at Swe Fesparss ora ast Fe escromon| wo 0. ‘300 ‘woaereman| 70000 O55 “85 Oss 055 “oaee xooox a3 rH ar as Oxo 00%0 oa? 038 038 10x noowx ir oie a6 ‘oreo 0x00 one oat oxo 5000 ou 13s 135 ‘xox sou ont om n3e Seoee wx000 a3 6 33 come, mx00x as a5 “as 0x0 xoxo oss 098 os oxox oxox om 250 050 0x00 oxox me bee 025 ‘900x0 1000 oa Sar 10 {00000 aes on rem OnaS ae WA AR AAA, AO KAAA BG BS VON cs TopPORG BPO afer H Cola bl wih Dew catered, hali Ol Cts) SSeS re naeremennconcmGly 02863 - 170 least 30 s prior to ignition ofeach specimen, and maintain the flow without change during ignition and combustion of each specimen, 12.1.6 For specimen Types 1, Il Ill. IV, and V1, use top surface ignition, as deseribed in 12.1.5 12,7 or ess on materials that exhibit steay burning and spread of combustion in oxygen concentrations at, oF close to, their oxygen index value, oF for structurally self-supporting specimens of $3 mm thickness, Procedure B (with specimens ‘marked in aeordance with 7.5.2) will fien give more consis tent results than Procedure A. In such eases, use Procedure B for specimens of Type I. I Il 1V, or Vi 121.8 Tap Surface Ignition: 12.18.1 For top surface ignition, the igniter is used 10 initiate Buming only on the tp surface of the upper end of the specimen 12.1.82 Apply the lowest visible part ofthe flame tothe top ofthe specimen using a sweeping motion i necessity, to cove the whole surface, but taking wate nt saint the Mae against the vertical faces or edges of the specimen, Continue to apply the flame for up to 30 s, removing it every 5 s, just briefly, to observe whether or not the entire top suave of the specimen is buming on its own, 12.183 Consider the specimen 10 be ignited once the imen is burning on its own, 12.184 Kemove the igniter once the specimen isi 12.185 Commence measurement of the period and dis tance of buming once the specimen is ignited 121.9 Assessing the Burning Behevior of Individual Test Specimens: 12.1.9.1 Commence measurement of the period of burning specimen has heen ignited in aecordance with 33 (), or 122.34 (Pas applicable, and ‘observe its burning behavior. If burning eeases, but spontane- ous re-igntion occurs within I's, continue the observation and measurements. A typieal test results sheet is shown in Apps dix Xt 12.1.9.2 If neither the period or extent of burning exceeds the relevant limit specified in Table 2 for the applicable specimen, note the duration and extent of burning. ‘This is recorded as an “O" response. See Appendix XI.) 12.9.3 Altematively, if either the period oF the extent of bbuming exceed the relevant limits specified in Table 2, note the bbuming behavior accordingly, and extinguish the flame. This is corded as an “X" response, (See Appendix X1.) 121.44 Nowe also the burning. ehuricterisles oF the material, for example, dripping, charting, cratic. bursing, slowing combustion, oF afterglow. 12.19.5 Extinguish the specimen, if necessary, by allowing only nitrogen to flow through the chimney. 12.9.6 Remove the specimen and clean, as nocessary, any suriaces within the chimney or 0 the i i have become contaminated, for example with soot. 12.1.9.7 Allow the el 2°C, or replace it with another so conditioned. 12.198 Install the next specimen, Nom 9—For screening purposes. itis accepable to iver slicintly Jong specimens or rim them to remove the But end, snd re-se them, Results ftom such specimens will save material when establishing an ‘approximate value for the minimum oxygen concentration requied for ‘combustion, ut cannot be included among those us fr es the oxygen nde. anesthe specimen seconded atthe fan humudty appropriate forthe atta involved 12.110 Selectng Successive Oxygen Concentrations 12.1.10.1 Select the oxygen concentration to be used for testing the next test specimens follows (1) Decrease the oxygen concentration i the burning be- havior of the preceding specimen gave an “X" response. (2) Increase the oxygen concentration if the preceding gave an "O" response, (4) Choose the sizeof the change in oxygen conveniation in agcordance with 12.1.11 and 12.1.12, a8 appropriate, ‘The procedure described in 12.1.1] and 12.112 is based upon the up-and-down method Jor sinall samples,” using the spect ‘ease where Np—N,_ = 5 (see 12.1.12.2 and 12.1.1244), with an arbitrary step size for certain changes to be made in the oxygen I2.LU1 Determining the Preliminary Oxygen Concentra 12.1141 Repeat the procedutes specified in 12.1.1 10 12.19 inclusive, using oxygen concentration changes of any con hiemt step size, until two oxygen concentrations, in percent volume, have been found that differ by seties (including C,), in accordance with TU Ihe following condition ix eatielied aot B yt.30" report the oxygen in accordance with Section 14, otherwise follow the instructions in 12.1-12.6 (J) of @). (1) Md ¢ 262, repeat 121.122 through 12.1126 using increased values ford, until the congition is salisied, ot (2) 1d > 1.50", repeat 12.1.12.2 through 12.1.12.6 using decreased values ford, until the condition is saistied, except that d shall not be reduced below 0.2 % unless so required by the relevant material epecification 122 Procedure B 122.1 Follow the 122.2 When using dure described in 12.25, 12.2.3 Propagating Ignition 12.2.3.1 For propagating ignition, the igniter is used produce burning aeross the top and partially down the vertical faces of the specimen, 12.2.32 Apply the lowest visible part ofthe flame tothe end face of the specimen and to its vertical faces to a depth of approximately 6 mm 12.2.3.3 For specimen Type V, continue 1o apply the flame for up W305, YJ, Just bret, to observe I surface of the specimen is burning steadily or whether the visibly burning portion has reached the ‘upper reference mark on the support feame or on the specimen, (1) Consider the specimen to be ignited when the visibly ‘buming portion frst reaches the upper reference mark on. the support frame or on the specimen, 122.344 For specimen Types I, I, I, IV, or VI, continue 1 apply the flame for up to 30 s, removing it every 5 s, just briefly, to observe whether or not the vertical surface of the specimen are burning steadily or whether the visibly burning Portion has reached the upper reference mark on the specimen. (1) Consider the specimen to be ignited when the visibly hurning portion fret reaches the upper reference mark on the specimen, 12.2.3.3 Remove the igniter once the specimen 1s ignite, 12.2.36 Commence measurement of the period and dis tance of burning once the specimen is ignited Now 13—The buming portion includes any burning dips tht un oven the surface of the specimen, 12.24 Follow the instructions in 12.1.9 through 12.1.12. 123 Procedure C—Comparison with « Specified Minimum Value for Oxygen Index (Short Procedure) structions in 12.1.1 through 12.1.6 ropugating ignition, follow the pave: 123.1 1 the actual oxyy ial is needed oF in eave of a alspute, Frocedures A or B shall be used, as appropriate 12.32 For Procedure C, set up the apparatus and test specimen in cordance with 12.1.1 Uarough 12.1.6, except that the speciticd minimum concentration of oxygen shall be selected forthe purposes of 12.1.1 12.3.3 Ignite the est specimen in accordance with 12.1.8 or with 12.2.3, as appropriate, 12.34 Using up to theee specimens, assess the buming behavior of each specimen in accordance with 12.1, 12.3.5 If fon at least ewo Our OF the three specimens thus tested the flame is extinguished before the relevant criteria from Table 2 are exceeded, that is, an “O" response is recorded, then record that the oxygen index of the n than the specified value, Otherwise, record that the oxygen index of the material is less than the specified value or determine the oxygen index in aecordance with 12.1 of 122,48 appropriate 13, Caleulation 15.1 Oxygen Index 13.11 Caleulate the oxygen index (OD, expressed as a percentage by volume, from the following relationship: Ol Cyd where Cr the final value of oxygen concentration, in percent volume to one decimal place, used in the series of Ni 102 ‘measurements performed in accordance with and noted in accordance with 12.1.12.4, 4 = the interval, in percent volume to at least ome decimal place, between oxygen concentration levels used controlled in accordance with 12.1.12, and 4k factor to be obtained from Table 2 42 described ia 132. 13.1.2 For the purpose of calculation of o*, as required by 12.1126 and 13 3, the OF shall be calculated to two decimal places. 1.1.3 For the purpose of reporting OF results, express OF values to the nearest 0.1 %, with exact intermediate results being rounded downwards 15.2 Determination of k: 13.2.1 Table 3 contains values of & for calculating oxygen index concentration from determinations made by Dixon’s ‘peand-Twswn metho. The valu ad sign wf kare depen dent upon the pattern of the responses of specimens tested in sxcondame will 12.112, Determine them from table as follows: 13.2.1.1 I the response of the specimen wsted according to 12.1121 was "0", so that the first contrary response (see 12.1.12.2) was an "X", refer to Colum | of Table 3 t0 select the row for whicl the ast four response symbols correspond 10 ‘those found when testing in accordance with 1212.4. The value and sign of & will be that shown in Column 2, 3, 4, oF 5 for which the number of “Os shown in row (a) of the table corresponds to the number of "O” responses found for the N, scien, iv weenie wilh 12.1 12.1 ANd 12.1122, OFiy 02863 - 17a 13.2.1. If the responses of the specimen tested according 10 12.1.12.1 wae “X", 60 that the first contrary response was an “0”, refer o the sixth column of Table 3 10 select the row for which the last four response symbols eorrespond to those found when testing in accordance with 12.1-12 4, The value of will be that shown in Column 2,3, 4, of $ for which the number of :X"'s shown in row (b) of the table corresponds tthe number ‘of "X" responses found forthe N, series, in avcordance with 12.1,12.1 and 12.1-12.2 but dhe sign of k must be reversed, so that negative values shown in Tuble 3 for k become positive, and vice versa Nome An example ofthe dteination of he calculation af an OF is given in Ams A2 133 Standard Deviation of Oxygen Concentration Mea 133.1 For the purposes of 12.1.12.6 calculate the estimated Standard deviation, o*, of oxygen concentration measurements from the relationship: | Lic, - on where a |, = in turn, cach of the perecut ony comeentiativns use during measurement of the last six responses in the seties of measurements; (OF = the oxygen index value, caoulated in accordance with Bits and n= the number of measurements of oxygen concentration contributing to Y{C, ~ OD ‘Non 15--For this es method = 6, accerdance with 2 1,12 oe ‘n <6, the test method loses precision. For n> 6, sheraive satis Cite weal apply. 14, Report 14.1. Repost the Following infin nation: 14.1. A reference to this test method; 14.1.2 Date of testing; 14.13 A statement that test results relate only to the behavior ofthe test specimens under the conditions ofthis text method and that these results must aot be used io ier the fre hhavards of the material in other forms or under other fre conditions: 14.14 Tdemitication of the material tested, including, whens relevant, the type of material, density, previous history, the specimen orientation with respect to ay anisouropy in the material or sample, and the date of manufacture with lot number, 14.1.5 The oxygen index (OM) ae determined in 13.15 14.1.6 The test specimen type or dimensions 14.1.7 The gas measurement and control device accuracy (in accordance with 6.3.1 oF with 6.323, 14.1.8 The test procedure used (Procedure A, in accordance with 12.1; Procedure B, in accondance wi or Procedure , in accordance with 12 14.1.9 When Procedure C, in accordance with 12.3 is used, indicate the relevant specified minimum oxygen index (ON of | the material and report if the material tested had a lower ot higher oxygen index (02); 4.1.10 IF applicable, the estimated standard deviation and the onygen concentation increment used, If other than 0.2% 14.111 A description of any relevant characteristics oF behavior, such as charring, dripping, severe shrinkage. erratic buming, afterglow: and 14.112 Any varia method ns from the requirements of this test 1S, Precision and Bias* 15.1 Table 4 is based on around robin conducted in 1999 in ‘TABLE # Oxygen index (01), 7 Se ram en ree SS Oe Wo va aia MA O80 87 os cr ‘oar ato) he sum cle stare St) th mer a abo. {Sys e between rproducbiy) sansa date, clsiad sine ter woe ee epesnoy sar Seo Yo send Sviaion of iborway means niet batwoon cores rica moval oetwan te tse = 28S. ind snc devas accordance with Practice L691, involving eight materials tested by twelve laboratories. For each material, the samples were prepared by the supplier ofthe material and conditioned at the laboratorie that tested them, Each laborsiory obtained {wo test results for each material. All laboratories iilized gas measurement and control devices in aeeordance with 6§ (Type A) for accuracy and precision. 15.2 Tuble 4 does not include three laboratories that parici- [pated in the round robin and utilized measurement and control devices in accordance with 6.3 (Type B) for accuracy and precision. The results from these laboratories could not be incorporated imwo this precision statement, due 40 the limited hhumber of participants to comply with Practice E691 guide- sion is provided in Annex Non: 16—TWwo staisically designed interlaboratory round cobs for five matenals (supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters, oyu RR-D20<0T02) and one wou 29 laporaronct ang Weive mater tls The fist say indicated a higher standard vition for specimens tvs ip ong cs, whee sen sty Ics 8 depenaence Sr pecson with the pe oF specimen uid pts of repeatability “r” and Reproducibility clinitions relating to the terms repeatability reproducibility, repeatability limit and reproducibility limit appear in Terminology E456 and in the Practice D468 “Supporing dts ae seine foe ASTM Helge. Regt RRR SemenGly 02863 - 17a terminology section. These concepts are important measures of the equivalence procedure, but cannot, alone, determin equivalence. Utilization of the terms repeatability limit and reproducibility limit is discussed in Practice £177, inferences from applying estimates based only upon variability to equivae lence are likely to be incorrect and can easily lead to improper ‘decisions being made. Actual equivalence testing is covered in 2985. Altematively, it is permissible 10 use an appropriate test, based on two means, for assessing whether (or not results are equivalent, 154 Bius—There are no recognized standards on which to ‘vase an estate OF blas (OF thls test method. {¢ combustion; minimum oxygen concentra. oxygen concentration: oxygen index ANNEXES. (Mandatory Information) AL, CALIBRATION OF EQUIPMENT ALLL. Leak Tests-—Leak tests shall be caried out thoroughly ‘on all joints where leaks could change the oxygen concentrae ‘Yon levels in the chimney trom the concentration levels set oF indicated. AL.2 Gas-Flow Rates: 1.2.1 The system for indicating the gas-flow rate through the chimney, to satisfy 6.3 and 12.1.5 shall be checked using a calibrated flow meter, or an equivalent device, with an accu racy equivalent to 0.2 mvs flow rate through the chimney. A122 The flow rate shall be estimated by dividing the total ‘gas-flow rate through the chimney by the cross sectional arca (of the bore ofthe chimney. for example. hy using the following ‘equation axed where: F = flow rate through the chimney, mms, = total gas-flow at 23 2°C through the chimney, Ls, D = diameter of the bore of the chimney, mm. AL3 Onygen Concentration: A13.1 The concentration of oxygen in the mixture of gases flowing into the chimney shall be checked to an accuracy of U1 % of mixture, enter by sampling the chimney atmosphere {or analysis or by using an independently calibrated analyzer in analyzer is incorporated in the equipment alibrated using the following gascs, sash of hich shall conform with 6.3.2 for purity and moisture content AL.L.1 Any two gases selected from the following: stro gen; oxygen; or clean ity and 1.3.12 A mixture of any two of the preceding gases ‘an oxygen concentration within the range of concen trations 10 be used for most test specimens, havi AL Verification of Complete Equipment—For monthly ventication, in aeeordance with 12.1, use Type Ill specimens of the PMMA. The PMMA shall be a non-modilied transparent cast sheet based on a homopolymer of methylmethacrylate in accondnee with Specifications D402, Calegory AMI (190. ‘7823-1 for Cast Sheets). The PMMA shall have an oxygen {index (OD) between 17.0 and 1.5, Nom Al.I—Other PMMA shoes such as cast shoot based oa copolymer of methylmethuryate,extrded mit calendered PMMA sheets may give a diferent buming behavior depending on the comano- mer used, is contents or malculr weight whieh siete met tehavor hen being bared,

i00 anger Response," er"0" eo e ‘Onygerconcanracon oth "O" response fore pa = 010 (bang te concent abe ue ag fr he rt easement in Pr 2) Determination of onypen index alu in accra 1.1) ‘Steps tobe ed for sucess changes in xygen carcaraton of 6% = 0.2% (iy tobe 02%, es teri strated hss nee Ta as TTT s EET ToT S Oxygen creation, 300 [es [a6 [aia ea [is [oa [SE [oe ‘rng prea 5 106 Joie | 00 [150 is0_[>ia0 fino [6s | >100 beg ze [e q seen oO z x Jo —Jo x Coun 23. 40rsh iow wi6e? Orc rtd = 298 (-125 x02) Peer ETE = 28.5% (o oe cecil ace. fr eartrg 0) anes = 23: (ooo cecil paces ocak ofa enNISN TH rego a3) Part 3: Verification of Step size d % oxygen concentration (in accordance with 3.2.24.6 and 12.3)- eae Dre Caceaien z zr Tor eof oT se Tea om eco z 26) 355 005) .co2s z Ba 2s “as races + me Ts oo ams 5 74 755 sais ems ae Be, Be 3 aos TasG-oF ous [aun conta the cnygen concord re mesons nd for ach te 5 pect menses, femme iat Sanaa oot ote fen Peie-aus 2 eimg+o2¥'-oz7 wif cacSore02 4% oes cere 12> repeat Pat 2 sya lrger vor do 224, si fer es rpnt ret 3 wing era orGly 02863 - 17a [Ad, OPTIONAL ALTERNATE SYSTEM FOR GAS MEASUREMENT Ad.1 If direct measurement of oxygen concentration is not _A4.2. The system in Ad.1 was consistently used when direct available, itis acceptable 10 conduct gas measurements by measurement of oxygen concentration was not easily available ‘means of a system that includes the following: calibrated oriices, gas pressure regulators, pressure gauges on the indi- vidual gas supply lines and needle valves and calibrated flow meters on the individual gas supply lines. APPENDIX (Nonmandatory Information) Stn aAl 02863 - 17a SUMMARY OF CHANGES: Committe D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the let isn (TVPRAA « 19) that may impact the use of this standard. (December 1, 2017) (1) Deleted 3.3 and replaced by new Section 11 (2) Deleted Note 9 and replaced by new 12.1.7. (2) Revised 5.2.2, 6.4 (including the addition of a new figure), (4) Deleted 14.3 and replaced new 15.3, 7S and 11.2.3.3 (now 122.33). ASTM itera thes vo poston ese vay rye ssn corms w any fem mentored nis sandra Users of Ps Sana are exes aie at tran oe way tary Suc alr, a ie sk ieee otech eet oo ony mato pera ‘he ana jt revtan aay tne by Oe apr ena rin wt evened wey ems a0 ‘otros, eer eapprovedowiaon You contents weed err revs stad oan stent ‘exponstie ect cme, wich you may aan yas al ha our onmants hav ot ecowed @ a heat yo os ‘nave yur vews inn oe AST¥ Commute on Sands ae avers shown Clow sani copyrighted by AST rtemaonal, 100 Bur Hao” Ov, PO Box C700, Ws! Cansohocten, Pk 10408-2859, Unie Staos.indcut reports fang tat copes) of hs sanded Maybe atta’ by crsacirg AST a sore ‘adress orm €10882.9505 (rane), 6103-053 (lay) oF surves@asthorg fens O° tough te ASTIN mee (ormasenonParmssen re To precy Pe sande may abo be soc Wt py Cares Coe, 222 Fosoneos Ome, Dawes, MA 7825, To 078) 6462600 nm aero can Seite em a Segoe ron