Religion Matters What Sociology

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 Chapter 7: Divine Rights and Casting the Mighty from their Thrones

1) The theory that kings and other rulers were only accountable to God for their actions is also
referred to as
a) civil religion theory.
b) accountablility theory.
c) exploitation theory.
d) divine right theory.
D, p. 99

2) In Christianity, ___________________ was the first to officially argue that governments were
instituted by God.
a) Saint Paul
b) Saint Augustine of Hippo
c) Bishop Jacque-Benigne Bousset
d) Archbishop Thomas Becket
A, p. 99

3) In what society was it believed that while rulers were appointed by God, they were required to
support the welfare of the people or they would lose this divine appointment?
a) Japan
b) China
c) France
d) Iran
B, p. 100

4) When social theorists argue that religion is a “conservative” force in society, they refer to
a) the fact that religious groups frequently oppose social change.
b) the high number of republicans who attend religious services.
c) the way religion fosters fundamentalist movements.
d) the way religion helps to maintain the structures of society exactly as they are.
e) all of the above
f) A and D only
C, p. 100

5) For most of the 19th century, which of the following does NOT reflect how most Christian
churches responded to the social changes and inequalities resulting from industrialization?
a) Ministers believed they were supposed to save poor people’s souls, not help them improve
their wages or working conditions.
b) Wealthy people were regarded as being morally superior to poor people, and were rewarded
by God for living good lives.
c) Poor people were told to expect a better life after death if they just endured their hard lives
here on earth.
d) Churches encouraged working class people to try to create God’s kingdom on earth by
joining unions to oppose capitalism.
D, p. 102

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6) When religion provides believers with sets of beliefs that explain the many negative aspects of
human life and society, it is providing them with
a) theodicies.
b) theocracies.
c) theologies.
d) false consciousness.
A, p.103

7) According to Max Weber, the religious beliefs that help to explain why poor people are largely
powerless and marginalized in society are referred to as
a) theodicies of dominance.
b) theodicies of mobility.
c) theodicies of suffering.
d) theodicies of poverty.
C, p. 103

8) In a theodicy of dominance
a) poor people must accept their lower status in the world.
b) rich people are told they are blessed by God and have a responsibility to help the needy.
c) rich people believe they can earn their way into heaven by repenting of their sins.
d) all of the above
C, p. 104

9) Karl Marx and Max Weber agreed that religion could encourage poor and oppressed groups in
society to work to challenge their poverty and oppression and to change society.
a) True
b) False
B, p. 104

10) Which of the following are examples of social resources that religion can provide to movements
attempting to change some part of society?
a) support for protest rooted in the sacred
b) financial resources
c) communication resources
d) religious identities that can create unity among strangers
e) All of the above are religious resources used by social movements.
E, p. 106

11) In their preface to Pope’s 1942 study of the role of local churches in labor conflicts in the textile
industry, Peterson and Demerath argue which of the following are factors that shape the
likelihood of religious groups becoming involved in social change movements?
a) the demographic background of religious leaders
b) the type of issue
c) the level of opposition from elites
d) A and B only
e) None of these influence religions’ involvement in social change.
D, p. 107

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12) In religious groups that have a formal power hierarchy, religious leaders are more likely to be
able to engage in social and political issues.
a) True
b) False
A, p. 108

13) According to James Wood’s (1970) study of the impact of church governing structures,
religious groups that are more democratic, or member-based, in their governing structure are
most likely to be engaged in social and political movements.
a) True
b) False
B, p. 108

14) Having a university education is one of the key factors that influence whether or not a religious
leader will engage in social or political activism.
a) True
b) False
A, p. 109

15) Which of the following represents the type of religious leader most likely to engage in social
and political activism?
a) an older white minister who went to a Bible college for training
b) a socially prominent minister working in a suburban church
c) a young African American minister working in an urban church
d) a poor female minister who has “tenure”
C, p. 109, 110

16) Research on religious leaders’ political activities has shown that a minister’s social class has no
impact on predicting whether or not they will engage in social activism.
a) True
b) False
B, p. 109

17) Sociologists of religion and social movements argue that African American churches became
prominent in the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s because
a) Southern African Americans viewed their world in deeply religious terms.
b) most African Americans in the civil rights movement belonged to the same types of
churches.
c) African American ministers were participants in the civil rights movement because they
experienced discrimination too.
d) All of the above help to explain why these churches joined the fight for civil rights.
D, p. 110-111

18) Social movement leaders and participants are most likely to use religion to fight for change
when they lack access to other formal ways to influence politics.
a) True
b) False
A, p. 112

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19) All of the following factors can limit the ability of religious groups, leaders, and resources to be
a force for change in social movements except
a) religious beliefs themselves.
b) strong opposition from the government.
c) demographic characteristics of activists, like their race or gender.
d) differences in strategies and tactics for achieving movement goals.
A, p. 112

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