a — rts 2 wat wonne re nce tort GEAR TRAINS —_— jnTRODUCTION pstesson deals withthe discussion ofthe at aa my the epicyclic Rear train. The sin gsample problems. Planetary of ain, compound geat ferent classifications of gear trains. Thece are the simple gear tt 05 ssifications of gear trains. Thece are the simple gett tion of equation ple and compound gear trains were discussed fest with the corresponding derivation 8 2 cepicyclc Rear train is also discussed with the derivation of equations ana illustrative Prot seetwork problems are included in this lesson forthe student to solve during the session, are provides teamed in she problem are provided atthe end ofthe lesson forthe students to further enhance their knowlade2 nf ahat they have learned (rude ofthe vesson, LESSON OBJECTIVES atthe end of the lesson the students willbe able to: Appreciate the different classifications of gear trains; Xow the applications ofeach type of gear train; Derive equations corresponding toa given type of gear train; gear train, Draw the schematic diagram of an epicyclc gear train, and Analyse and solve problems involving gear trains DEFINITIONS AND USEFUL INFORMATION 2 Aisin is a series of rolling cylinders or cones, gears, puileys, or similar devices serving to transmi ‘another. A pair of rolling cylinders, gears, or pulleys is realy a train, but usually the term trai ‘combinations in whick there are more than one pair. 2 Mechanism Trains ~ are mechanism arranged in various series and parallel combi ‘mechanism isthe driver for another mechanisms. f Q._ Gear Tesin ~ is a mechanism that trensmits motion from a driving shaft to a driven shaft by means of two oF more Rea! wheels. DA gear train is composed of two oF more gears in mesh for the purpose of transmitting mation from one shaft to another. Ordinary gear train trains are those in which axes of none of the gears move relative to the frame and are of two SYPeS, simple gear trains and compound gear trains. power from one shaft to is applied only to those tions so that the driven member of en TRAIN VALUE Tran alue~"s the ratio ofthe angular veloc ofthe as wheel otha fhe angular velo of the st wheel rinvaig = + AtzlacVeociyof hast Whee (ven) Angular Voto the First Wiel (ver) ‘Signs of Train Value (s)=ifthe fst and ast wheels turnin the same sen ()- ifthe fist and lst wheels turnin opposte sense ORDINARY GEAR TRAINS 1) Simple Gear Train ~is 2 gear train in wi velocity ‘no two wheels ae rigidly fastened to the same shaft so as to rotate at the same angular {& #12] Given isa gear train shown. Determine a) the train value; and b) rpm of gear 5 if gear 2 rotates at 60 rpm. GIVEN: Gear train shown REQUIRED: a} The train Value 4 @ 4 aPER RTED U@@ Seni! BB ks Tats 4 T4ne a ons aching Elements 2 b) The rpm of gear Sif rpm of 21660 SOLUTION 3) For the Train Value, 1V b)Forthe rpm of gears n(aha ‘eunpound Geor Train ~ is 2} Counpound Geor Train ~ is a gear train in which at least one ait of revolve of the same angular speed. nets ave sg attend £01 me shaft so that bor? stn are sigilyattacned (0 he 52 reels are ri ar 2 rotates at 120/™ £x.# 5.2] Given is a gear train shown. Determine a) the train value; and b) the rPr™ of gear 5 if Ree GIVEN: Gear train shown 30 teeth ~~ a) The train value b)_ The rpm of Sif the rpm of 2s 120. SOLUTION: a) Forthe tain value ans. » 15) < 26.67 rpm ans. 45, 3) Reverted Geor Train ‘turn about the same axis. « Agear trains called reverted when the first and iast gears petermine 2) the tain value; and b) the rpm of gear Sif gear 2 rotates af 120,Pm Ex. #5.3] Given isa reverted gear train shown. GIVEN: reverted gear shown REQUIRED: a) Train Value bi Rpm of gear 5 ifthe rpm of gear 2 is 320.sn Othe SE are Bear trans Sun, and gears eins i Which the axis of one or mare geats moves relative to the frame. The gear atthe centri calle the Dinan ordinary peers Oxes Move are called planets, These trains ae aso called planetary or sun-and-planet ga rains mechanism” °°8 "ns the wheels revolve about fied axes, the frame supporting the wheels being the fixed link in the a In Epiyci or the wher Planetary gear train, the axes of certain ofthe wheels are in mation, and one ofthe gears generally becomes 5, which scald epecytic value ‘blevclic Volue, ev. Obici Value — = is the ratio of the angular velocity of the driven whee! to the angular velocity of the frame carrying che wheel ‘©: 5.4] Given: An Epiyctic gear tain shown REQUIRED @) Suppose link 3 makes one turn clockwise find the number of turns made by 2. 5) Determine the rpm of gear 2 if frame 3 turn 120 zpm. SOLUTION: ‘Method #1: Relative Velocity 1) For the three bodies, the angular velocity of the thir relative to the frst is equal to the angular velocity of the second relative © the first plus the angular velocity ofthe third relative to the second. On Ont Oa, vohere, angular velocity of gear 2 with respect to gear 1, rad/s. angular velocity of link 3 with respect to gear 1, rad/s. ‘angular velocity of gear 2 with respect to link 3. rad/s. pm of gear 2 with respect to gear 1 cpm of gear 3 with respect to gear 1 Naa rpm of gear 2 with respect to gear 3 2) 2. For two bodies, the angular velocity ofthe first relative tothe second is equal numerically to the angular velocity ofthe second relative to the first, but of opposite sign.Lesson 1: Lecture & Drafting Manual Eva 22 ang tv 3 therefore, PV NOTE: car {RTE Must be exercised in two dh rections oa incase erty The de *AOminator in the fr Foxe ink in the epicyetg, 28 XPESSNE the train value is the angular velocity ofthe wheel which becomes the the Train Value, Tween lth 3 T + (Negative sign is ‘Gative sign indicates that gears 1 and 2 rotate in opposite senses. Therefore the epcytic value, EV =1-TVa1-(—3)=2a13 aa 3) For the number of turns made by gear 2 4 awer: As link 3 makes + 1 turn, gear 2 makes 1 % turns. b) Forthe rpm of gear2 Nay = 120/1%) = 210 rpm ans. ‘Method # 2: Tabulation Method steps: 1) Lock the whole train, then rotate one revolution clockwise 2) Convert the epicycli¢ train into an ordinary train, by locking the arm on which the gears are mounted and at the same time releasing the fixed gear. Rotate the formerly fixea gear one turn counterclockwise, and the number of turns made by all the members recorded on the table. 5) Add slgebraically the number of revolutions or turns made by each member ofthe train The resultant movement of he “fixed gear” is always zero. Tabulation ‘STEP 1 2 . 7 vi a cs ; ea 13/8 @ a v7f4 + 83Lewson 1V: Lecture & Drafting Manual REQUIRED, a) ‘The Epicyetic va a icyclic Value The rpmof gear ¢ AGURe: SOLUTION: 8) Solving for the Epicyrtic Value Sie° 2 Locking the whole epicyclic train and rotate clockwise ‘Step 2: Releasing gear 1 and fixi ar 1 and fixing frame 5, then rotate gear i counterclockwise Step 3: Summing up the mo em vements, Tabulation TURNS STEP 1 2 3 4 s 1 +1 +1 + cst +1 2 a4 ssa | +26/3 ° 3 ° -10/3 | +29/3 “9/4 + Galculations in Step 2 For the number of turns of gear 2 with respect to frame 5, 8 tums (Counterclockwise) 84, I TS, cc oy Nachin 'e Elements 2 \ Lesson IV: Lecture & Drafting Manual For the nut ber of turns of gear 3 with respect to the frame 5, Nas »a(B) (oy 213026 ey = |-( 4) 2 vuns(Cloekvise) he number ‘ber of turns of gear 4 with respect to the frame 5, oth) Solving for tine Epicyctic Value, tums(Counterclockwise) ev-Na Ng ©) Forthe rpm of gear 4 9 Na ={3)s0=-1025 moans Note: Negativ Negative (-) sign indicates that gear 4 rotates ina counterclockwise direction. x. # 3] In the figur a the driven ta sate low isilustrates a compound epiccictran in which the arm 6 carving ears 3and 4s nether the driver nor Supported tn oie 2 engages gear 3, which in trn meshes with the satonry anlar gear. Geb 3 and are keyed to 2 shat 100 ep ctor Sich fre to turn on shaft A. Gear & engages annular gear, which s Keyed to the diven shaft shaft turns se, determine the rpm and direction of rotation of shaft. GIVEN: Epicyclic Gear Train shown Ty=S7teeth T= Wteeth Ty = 1S teeth teeth N= 100rpm REQUIRED: ‘The rpm and direction of rotation of shaft B. 85Michie Elements» mies Leen 1 actine & Drafting Manat S00 1 Locking ie Whole ote ep Ste 2. Fig the rane YE i te SteP3: SUMMING UP the valyeg AME Teens lockwiee ‘her, rotate pea 1 one turn counterclockwise TABULATION 3 a s . Pt. I +1 an at “ | Sms | -sryis | -tszyasyiz/sy | 0 +7745 ae Caleuations: Solving 0 he speed ati, 5 0, as) Then, solving for rm of 8, N, 100 Ngo Nan 1005 la Bo Sha Eos pm(Clockniss) ans SEATWORK rotation of gear sp ur gear 18teeth Bevel gear Bevel gear {\riseen’ “ase Worm gear 48 teeth Spur gear 50 teeth’ oun, 16 Ar E us abou the as rv show, gears Ad Care kyed 10 shat cared o evoing aE Arm E Stait the toot mamber are stows Gath, 86 teeth fet, 16 eth and ea C2 tet] Wal gars have the same Shen determine the number of teeth ont ear rotates at 1190 pm clack, determine ther ane econ vlan ol pitch, determine the number me 86Machine Elements > Lesson IV: Lecture & Orafting Manual Gear A (fixed) Cues The Pfoe, I Considering asthe driver the shaft that cartes the minute hand ofa cock what isthe train value in each ofthe following ®: 2) Between the minute-hand shaft and the sleeve whch the hour hands stacked? b) Been the minutehond shat ard = shaft? Prob 21 Ina broaching machine (figure 2 shown), the shaft A carries a pulley 61 min diameter which s driven by abel from a 30.5 Ceppilley on the countershaft overhead, the latter turning 150 rpm. The gears 2 and 4 have 12 teeth each, and 3 and 5 have 60 teeth, Gea" is fast to 6, which has 10 teeth and a circular pitch of 26.59 mm and which engages with rack 7 to which is attached the broach Find the speed with which the broach is drawn through the work in m/s. Prob. # 3] are as giver the figure °3 below, 2 is an annular gear having 77 teeth, driving 3 having 12 teeth. Numbers of teeth on the other gears the figure. if 2 makes 30 rpm, find the rate of sip betwcen the cylinders & and B, in m/s. P3 P2 at Art ‘prob. “yan te figure below, gear 2 turns + mes Determine the numberof turns and the destin of tation of the arm, Gear 6s the Fixed one 87Lesson 1: Lecture & Drafting Manual Prob. # 4] When an auto isin intermediate gear, the gear train in use is composed ofthe following gears, the first one being directly connected to the engine: 24 teeth Al teeth 34 teeth Bi teeth 11 teeth bevel pinion ‘56 teeth bevel gear a) Find the ratio of the rear-axle speed to the engine speed, b) If the tires are 30 inches in diameter, find the engine speed corresponding to car speed of 20 miles per hour. Prob. # 5] Find the train value of the following train: 10-tooth spur gear 30-tooth spur gear 40-tooth spur gear 120-tooth spur gear Single-threaded worm gear 40-tooth worm wheel