Timeline of Euorpe Middle Ages:
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The Lahore Fort is one of the noblest structures
of its kind in the world. Rising out of the
northwest corner of the walled city, it has been a
symbol of its earliest days. If it could speak, it
would tell such things that would leave the
listener breathless. It could tell of love, romance
and adventure, of dark eyed beauties and fierce-
browed warriors, of queens in flowing silks and
kings in shining armour, of poets, actors, slaves
and concubines, of soldiers and rebels, of
revolutions and court intrigues, of coronations
and assassinations, of treachery and black
revenge.
The Lahore fort, also known as SHAHI QILA, is a
reflection of many centuries. The earliest
reference to the fort comes in a history of Lahur
(Lahore) compiled by Al-Biruni, which refers to a
fort constructed in the early 11th century. He
further notes that Munshi Sujan Rae Bhandari,
author of the Khulasatut Tawarikh in 1695-96
A.D., records that Malik Ayaz, a favorite of Sultan
Mahmud, built a masonry fort at Lahore and
repopulated the city. Khan believes it is the same
fort that was destroyed by the Mongols in 1241
and in 1398 by a detachment of Timur’s army
after which it was rebuilt again in 1421 by Sayyid,
son of Khizr Khan.
Mughal emperor Akbar the great, demolished the
earlier mud fort, and re-built it in burnt brick in
1566. Akbar’s successors, Jahangir, Shah Jahan
and Aurangzeb added several buildings to the
fort.
Following his defeat of the Mughal emperor
Humayun in 1541, Sher Shah Suri built a strong
fortified complex at Rohtas, a strategic site in the
north of what is now Pakistan. It was never taken
by storm and has survived intact to the present
day. The main fortifications consist of the massive
walls, which extend for more than 4 km; they are
lined with bastions and pierced by monumental
gateways. Rohtas Fort, also called Qila Rohtas, is
an exceptional example of early Muslim military
architecture in Central and South Asia.
Rohtas Fort, built in the 16th century at a
strategic site in the north of Pakistan, Province of
Punjab, is an exceptional example of early Muslim
military architecture in central and south Asia.
The main fortifications of this 70-hectare garrison
consist of massive masonry walls more than four
kilometres in circumference, lined with 68
bastions and pierced at strategic points by 12
monumental gateways. A blend of architectural
and artistic traditions from elsewhere in the
Islamic world, the fort had a profound influence
on the development of architectural style in the
Mughal Empire.
https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/586/ https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/586/
TASK 3:
Al-Khwarizmi’s contributions to Mathematics
Al-Razi's contributions to medicine
Jabir bin Hayyan's contributions to Chemistry
Task 4:
TASK 5:

Found By the Descendent of Muhammad

Uncle.

Rule from 750 to 10258

The 3rd Caliphate

Non-Arabic Muslims were given special

Privileges in the cont.

Many Non-Muslims converted to Islam

Capital was Baghdad

Women lost their status in society

Development in art literature science

and technology.