2.2 Using expressions and formulae > 2.2 Using expressions and formulae [neers een A formula is a mathematical rule that shows the relationship between twvo or more quantities (variables). Its a rule that can be written in letters or words. The plural of formula is formulae, You can write, or derive, your own formulae to solve problems. An example of a formula is F=ma. In this formula, Fis the subject of the formula, The variable Fis written on its own on the left hand side of the formula, You may need to rearrange a formula to make a different variable the subject. This is called changing the subject of the formula, For example, if you know the values of Fand a, and ‘you want to find the value of m, you will rearrange the ‘equation like this: When you substitute numbers into formulae and expressions, remember _| Examples of the order of operations. Brackets and indices must be worked out before | indices are 22, 52, divisions and multiplications. Additions and subtractions are always 43 and 73. worked out last. a Work out the value of the expression 2x+4y when x=5 and y: b Work out the value of the expression 3x? + 4 when x= 10. ¢ Write a formula for the number of hours (i) in any number of days (d), using i words letters. Use the formula in part e to work out the number of hours in 7 days. e Rearrange the formula in part eli to make d the subject. Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScanner2.2 Using expr Scanned with CamScanner2. Expressions, formulae and equa 7 This is how a taxi company works out the cost of a journey for a customer: There is a fixed charge of $6 plus $2 per kilometre. @ Write a formula for the cost of a journey, in i words ii letters. b Use your formula in part aii to work out the cost of a journey of 35 km. 8 — Use the formula y=u-+ 101 to work out the value of v when a u=Sand¢=12 b © u=Oand 1=20. 9 Use the formula F=ma to work out Fwhen a m=6anda=2 b m=18anda=3 © m=8anda=~4 10. The height of a horse is measured in hands (H) and inches (0). This formula is used to work out the height of a horse in centimetres (C). C=2.5(4H+D where: Cis the number of centimetres His the number of hands Tis the number of inches. Sasha has a horse with a height of 16 hands nd 1 inch. She uses the formula to work out the height of her horse, ntimetres. 5 (4x 16 + 1) = 25(64+1) = 25x65 = 162.5cm Work out the height, in centimetres, of a horse with height a 14hands and 2 inches b 15 hands and 3 inches ¢ 13handsand 1 inch d 17hands and 2 inches e 16hands f 12hands. 16 hands exactly means 16 hands and 0 inches. 11 Use the formula C=nd to a estimate the value of Cwhen b calculate the value of Cwhen i Give your answer to one decimal place. Remember that 7 is approximately 3.14. ii? Scanned with CamScanner2.2 Using expressions and formulae q 12 Xavier uses this formula to work out the volume of a triangular prism, y= bh Remember that where: Vis the volume; b is the base; h is the height; he length. Xavier compares two prisms, Prism A has a base of 8 cm, height of Sem and length of 18 em. Prism B has a base of 9 cm, height of 14 cm and length of 6 cm. Xavier works out that Prism A has the larger volume by 12 em. Is Xavier correct? Explain your answer. bhi means bxhxl. BUA a sR RULE Te qq 13. Work with a partner to answer this question. Discuss which answers are correct, Identify the mistakes that have led to the incorrect answers. Make x the subject of each formula. Write which answer is correct, A, B or C. a yext9 A xayt9 Bo oxey-9 C x=9-y Bees is B c To answer this a question, you will ea . c need to critique d y=2 A B c k the given answers « » and improve them: e y=7x-3 A x a B C z Use the formula 7'=mg to work out the value of Twhen m=4.5 and g=10. 15 b Rearrange the formula T=mg to make m the subject. ¢ — Use your formula to work out the value of m when 20 and g=10. @ Use the formula h=k—d to work out the value of ft when k=72 and d=37. b Rearrange the formula h=k-d to make k the subject. ¢ Use your formula to work out the value of k when h=0.42and d= 1.83 Scanned with CamScanner Use inverse operations on T=mxg to make the formula m-[)Scanned with CamScanner