Summary checklist > 2.3 Expanding brackets To expand b directly in front of the brackets. , multiply each term inside the brackets by the Expanding brackets is sometimes called multiplying out brackets. a Expand these expressions. b Expand and simplify this expression, 4(2x+3 i 3@2b+5) ii a(a-3) x(6+x) Answer a 1 3(2b+5)=3x2b+3%S 6b+15 fi a(a~3)=axa-ax3 =a'-3a b 4Q2x+3x)-x6+3) = 8x4 12x- 6x—x7 = xt IL? Multiply 3 by 26 then multiply 3 by 5. Simplify 3x2b to 6b and simplify 3X5 to 15. Multiply a by a then multiply a by ~3. Simplify axa toa” and simplify ax —3 to ~3a. Start by multiplying out both brackets. So, 4x2x=8x, 4x3x2= 12x, =x 6= —6x, XX X= XP Collect like terms: 8x- 6x=2x and 12x?=?= 112", ° al Scanned with CamScannerExercise 2.3 1 Copy and complete the working. Expand the brackets. a 3xt4)=3xxt3x4 =ax+(] © 9(39-4)=9x3q-9%4 Expand each expression. a 4(x+6) b e 2Qp+39) f Copy and complete the working. Expand the brackets. a xyt3)=xxytax3 xy4] ¢ p+4p)=px3¥pxdp = [4p Expand each expression a +8) @ n(9-8n) i h(2h-Sk) 1e-2) 961-28) 9 c 1(6xy—22) b yy-2)=yXyayX2 Idon't, I get 8de-14da so one of us must be wrong! d h d h 6(3-4e) SQx+y+4) n(2n+5) gGh+7e)Scanned with CamScannerions 9 Expand each expression and simplify by collecting like terms. a x(x+2)+x(r+5) b (2241) +2(42+5) ¢ uQu+5)—u(ut3) dd w(6w+2x)—20(2w 9x) TY 10 Misis part of Shen's homework, He has made a mistake in every question meng 28 mess ETE NT | Expand and simplify (1 Ble +5)-3(2x+7) 2 al2b+) +b(3c~2a) 3 p(y 5x) +xGx+4) Answers 1 86c+5)-3(2r +7) = 8x + 40-6x +21 = 2x +61 2 al2b +0) + b(3c—2a) = 2ab + ac + 3be- 2ab = ac + 3be = Zab” 3 ply + 5x) +x (Bu + hy) = 2p? + 1Oxy + 92 + Hay = Wx? + 297+ Thy a Explain what Shen has done wrong. b Work out the correct answers. Work with a partner to answer this question. Here are six expressions. x(5x+2)+3x(4x+1) B y(y?+4)+6y"v + 8) Tpl2p? +7p—1+9p D 6k+18-3k(4—5k?) Sn? — 4) -2n?(n +2) F 8m(m+3)-2m(4m-3) Choose one of the expressions and ask your partner to expand the brackets and simplify the expression. While they are working, you work out the answer ‘oo Mark your partner's work. If your answers ae different, discuss any mistakes that have been made. b Now ask your partner to choose an expression for you. Expand the brackets and simplify the expression. ‘Ask your partner to mark your work. Discuss any mistakes that have been mac Do this twice each, so four of the expressions have been chosen altogether. omap Scanned with CamScanner2.4 Factorising > 2.4 Factorising eres factorisations factorise ‘To expand a term with brackets, you multiply highest common each term inside the brackets by the term factor (HCF) outside the brackets. ‘When you factorise an expression, you take the [qu 4 [2=4(r+3) highest common factor (HCF) and put it outside the brackets. Factorise these expressions. a 2x+10 b 8-12y ‘Answer a 2x+10=2x+5) The HCF of 2x and 10 is 2, so put 2 outside the brackets. Divide both terms by 2 and put the results inside the brackets Check the answer by expanding: 2x .x=2x and 2x5=10 b 8-12y=4(2-3y) The HCF of 8 and 12y is 4, so put 4 outside the brackets Divide both terms by 4 and put the results inside the brackets. Check the answer by expanding: 4x2=8 and 4x ~3y =—12y ¢ 4a+8ab=4a(1+25) ‘The HCF of 4a and 8ab is 4a, so put 4a outside the brackets Divide both terms by 4a and put the results inside the brackets, Check the answer: 4ax 1=4a and 4ax2b=8ab. d_ 8 -Sx=x(x-5) The HCF of x* and 5x is x, so put x outside the brackets. Divide both terms by x and put the results inside the brackets. Check the answer: x.x= 2? and xx -5=~5x.2. Expressions, formu Exercise 2.4 1 Copy and complete these factorisations, Leia the cloud. All the numbers you need are a 3xt15=3(x+[_]) b 10y~15=5@y-[) ¢ 14-28x=7([_]- 4x) d 12~9y=3((_]-3y) Copy and complete these factorisations. All the numbers you need are in the cloud. b 6xy+12y=6y(x+[_]) a 4x7+5x=x(4x+[_]) € -7P=7y(]-y) dd 21x-12xy=3x([_]-4y) 2 Factorise each of these expressions. 4 Each one has a highest common factor of 2. a 2x+4 b 46-6 ¢ 8+loy d 18-20m Factorise each of these expressions. Each one has a highest common factor of 3. a 18+2Ip b 3y-18 <¢ 9+15m d 12-27x Factorise each of these expressions. Make sure you use the highest common factor. b 8a-4 a 10z+5 amas t1e d 18-242 Scanned with CamScanner| think the higher common factor of 6x and 9x? is 3. Each expression on a yellow card has been factorised to give an expression on a blue card. Match each yellow card with the correct blue card. 6e+ 12x Getiss | C | Geto | Factorise each of these expressions Bee b 6?=12y 3h+98 d 120-159? e 18)-9x f 12y+9x Bxy-4y h 15:+10yz Copy and complete these factorisations. a 2x+6y+8=2x+3p+[_]) 4y-8+4x=4(y-[_]+x) © 9xy#12p-15=33x9+L_]-5) Sx 2etay= x54 + ee yer ) 3y°=9y + 6xy=3y((_]-[‘Show that she is right. PJ 12 Read what Marcus says Show that he is wrong. Explain the mistake Marcus has made, 13 The diagrams show two rectangles You need to E a factorise the expressions to oe as find the lengths Tength Tenath BiNand 8. You will need an extra step first for rectangle B. The area of rectangle A is 2a°+ 18a. The perimeter of rectangle Bis 14d~10c. Write an expression for the length of each rectangle, in its simplest form. Summary checklist Scanned with CamScanner