GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA
DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION (PRE-UNIVERSITY)
Karkala JnanaSudha PU College, Ganit Nagar, Kukkundoor,
Karkala, Udupi District, Karnataka. 576117 (SU0278)
Assignment/ Activity/Project
Academic Year: 2023-2024
MATHEMATICS
Topic: ___________________________________________
Student Name: __________________
Reg/Roll No : ___________________
Class: ___________________
Karkala JnanaSudha PU College, Ganit Nagar
Kukkundoor, Karkala, Udupi District, Karnataka.
576117
____________________________________________________
Certificate
This Project/ Assignment/ Activity work on Mathematics prescribed by K.S.E.A.B for
Karnataka Pre-University Course during the academic year 2023-24. Successfully completed
by _________________________________________ , Roll No._________________
student of I PUC/ II PUC, Karkala JnanaSudha P.U College, Ganit Nagar, Kukkundoor,
for the partial fulfilment of requirements for the course.
Evaluation Method Max.Marks Marks Obtained
Writing of 5
Project/Assignment/Activity
Presentation 3
Viva Voce 2
Total Marks 10
Signature of the lecturer
Date:
⁕⁕⁕⁕⁕⁕⁕⁕⁕⁕⁕⁕
INDEX
Srl. No. Content Page
1 Objective 1
2 Material required 1
3 Theory 1
4 Method of construction
1-3
5 Applications
3-4
6 More about the function y=sin(x) 5
7 Conclution 6
8 Biblography 7
Project/Assignment
Class: I PUC
Subject : Mathematics
Topic: Trigonometric functions
Objective: Graph of sinx- Defination, example & Applications
Material required :
Pencil, scale , graph sheet
Theory:
The Graph of sinx is a wave-like curve that oscillates between -1 and 1 on the y-axis
as x increases from 0 to 2π (or 360°). It is a periodic function with a period of 2π
radians (or 360°) and it repeats itself every 2π units. The shape of the curve is similar
to a wave or a ripple and it has a maximum value of 1 at x=π/2 (or 90°) and a
minimum value of -1 at x=3π/2 (or 270°). The curve passes through the origin (0,0)
Method of construction:
In this graph, the x-axis represents the angle in radians (or degrees), and the y-axis
represents the value of sin(x).
1) Draw a X-axis
Draw a Y-axis with 0,1,-1 ...on it.
3) Mark the origin.
4) Mark the points π/2, π, 3π/2, 2π etc.In short in the graph, the value of 3.14 on the
X-axis represents 180° or π. and 6.28 is equivalent to 360° or 2π.
As we know that sin(π)=0, so the sine curve will intersect at π, 2π, 3π, etc.
Page 1
mark the points 1,2,3,4....on the X-axis The sine curve will cut the X-axis at 0 ,
3.14,6.28 etc.
5) Write the values of trigonometric functions of standard angle
Degrees 00 300 450 600 900 1800 2700 3600
x angle in radians 0 π/6 π/4 π/3 π/2 π 3π/2 2π
y =sinx 0 0.5 0.707 0.866 1 0 -1 0
7)As sin(0)=0, so the sine graph starts from the origin.
Mark the points (0,0), (π/6 ,0.5) ,(π/3,0.707), (π/3 ,0.866),(π/2 ,1)
Draw the graph of sinx between (0, π/2 )
As x increases from π/2 to π, the value of sin(x) decreases from 1 to 0.This
corresponds to the graph falling from its maximum value to the x-axis at x=π (180°).
Draw the graph of y = sin x by using the fact that sin(π- x) = sin x . So finally, we
draw it in the interval [π,2π], using the fact that sin(π + x) = -sin x which means that
the graph of y = sin x in [π,2π] is the mirror image of the graph of y = sin x in [0,π]
Page 2
As you can see, the graph of y=sin(x) oscillates between the values of -1 and 1 as the
angle x increases. At x=0, the value of sin(0) is 0. As x increases, the value of sin(x)
oscillates between -1 and 1, reaching a maximum value of 1 at x=π/2 (90°) and a
minimum value of -1 at x=3π/2 (270°).
Applications:
The graph of y=sin(x) has numerous applications in various fields. Here are some of
the common applications:
1. Trigonometry: The graph of y=sin(x) is an essential component of trigonometry,
which is the study of triangles and their properties. The sine function is one of the six
trigonometric functions, and it plays a crucial role in solving problems related to
triangles, such as finding the lengths of sides or angles.
2. Physics: The graph of y=sin(x) is used to represent oscillations and waves in
physics. Many physical phenomena, such as the motion of a pendulum or a vibrating
string, can be modeled using sine functions
3. Engineering: The graph of y=sin(x) is used in engineering to represent signals
and wave forms. For example, electrical engineers use sine waves to represent
alternating currents or voltages in electrical circuits.
4. Music: The graph of y=sin(x) is used in music to represent sound waves. Musical
notes are characterized by their frequency, which determines the pitch of the sound.
Sine waves of different frequencies are combined to produce complex wave forms
that correspond to different musical tones.
Page 3
5. Computer graphics: The graph of y=sin(x) is used in computer graphics to create
smooth curves and animations. Sine functions are often used to generate wave-like
patterns or to interpolate between two points in a smooth manner.
6. Waves: The graph of y=sin(x) represents a wave that oscillates periodically
between -1 and 1. This is useful for understanding many natural phenomena, such as
sound waves, light waves, and water waves.
7. Harmonic motion: The graph of y=sin(x) is related to simple harmonic motion,
which is a type of motion that oscillates back and forth periodically. This is useful for
understanding many physical systems, such as springs, pendulums, and musical
instruments.
8. Signal processing: The graph of y=sin(x) can be used to generate signals with
specific frequencies and amplitudes. This is useful in signal processing applications,
such as telecommunications, audio processing, and image processing.
9. Control systems: The graph of y=sin(x) is used in control systems to generate
reference signals that can be used to control the behaviour of a system. This is useful
in many engineering applications, such as robotics, aircraft control, and power
systems.
Overall, the graph of y=sin(x) is a versatile mathematical tool that has a wide range of
applications in various fields, from science and engineering to music and art.
Page 4
More about the function y=sin(x) :
1. Amplitude: The amplitude of a sine wave is the maximum displacement of the
wave from its equilibrium position. In the graph of y=sin(x), the amplitude is
1,because the wave oscillates between -1 and 1. For example, the amplitude of a
sound wave produced by a musical instrument is related to the volume of the sound.
2. Frequency: The frequency of a sine wave is the number of complete cycles of the
wave that occur in one second. In the graph of y=sin(x), the frequency can be adjusted
by changing the coefficient in front of x, such as y=sin(2x) or y=sin(3x). For example,
the frequency of a sound wave produced by a musical instrument is related to the
pitch of the sound.
3. Period: The period of a sine wave is the time it takes for one complete cycle of
the wave to occur. In the graph of y=sin(x), the period is 2π radians, because the wave
completes one full cycle between 0 and 2π. For example, the period of a pendulum
swinging back and forth is related to the length of the pendulum.
Page 5
Conclution
From the graph of trigonometric functions we can observe that the sine and
cosine functions are commonly used to model periodic phenomena such as sound
and light waves, the position and velocity of harmonic oscillators etc.
The sine wave, or sine function, has a special place in electrical and
electronic engineering because of its particular properties.The original
mathematical purpose of the sine and cosine functions was to describe the
relationship, in fact the ratio, of one side of a right angled triangle and the
hypotenuse. Voltages (V) and currents(I) which vary in time (t) according to the
same sinusoidal function as the sides of the triangle described above are
frequently used in electrical and electronic engineering.
Page 6
Bibliography
1) NCERT text book of class XI
2) https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/sine-function
3) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_and_cosine
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