LEA 21 LAW ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATION AND ORGANIZATION
CHAPTER 5
THE CREATION OF THE PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL POLICE
Learning Objectives: At the end of the chapter, the students will be
able to:
1. Recite the legal basis of the establishment of the
Philippine National Police;
2. Explain the relationship of the NAPOLCOM, DILG, and
Local Chief Executive in the administration of the
Philippine National Police
3. Illustrate the organizational structure of the Philippine
National Police
4. Integrate the functional relationship of the various offices
of the Philippine National Police in achieving its
missions.
This chapter presents basic Constitutional provisions related
to establishing the Philippine National Police and other laws related
to its operation. Component offices from the command groups, the
directorial staff, national operational and administrative support
units, and the main operating units from regional, provincial, or city
police offices down to municipal or city police stations are likewise
presented.
A. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION RELATED TO THE
CREATION OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
“The state shall establish and maintain one police force,
which shall be national in scope and civilian in character to be
administered and controlled by a National Police Commission, the
authority of Local Executives over the police units in their
jurisdiction shall be provided by law.” (Section 6, Article XVI)
The PNP under the Reorganized Department of interior and
Local Government (DILG)
R.A 6975 – otherwise known as the Department of the Interior and
Local Government Act of 1990, enacted on December
13, 1990 and took effect on January 1, 1991; reorganized
the DILG and established the Philippine National
Police, Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology and the Philippine Public
Safety College.
Some provisions of R.A 6975 pertinent to the PNP were amended by:
R.A 8551 – otherwise known as the PNP Reform and
Reorganization Act of 1998, dated February 25, 1998
R.A 9708 – An Act Extending for Five (5) years the Reglementary
Period for complying with the Minimum Educational
Qualification for Appointment to the PNP and Adjusting
the Promotion System, dated August 12, 2009.
R.A 10973 – An Act Granting the Chief PNP, Director of the CIDG,
and Deputy Director for Administration of the CIDG
the Power to Administer oath and Issue Subpoena and
 Subpoena Duces Tecum in Relation to its
Investigation, dated March 1, 2018.
R.A 11200 – An Act Providing for the Rank Classification in the
Philippine National Police, amending for the purpose
of Section 28 of R.A 6975, as amended, otherwise
known as the Department of Interior and Local
Government Act of 1990, dated February 8, 2019
R.A 11279 – An Act Transferring the PNPA and the NPTI from the
PPSC to the PNP, amending for the purpose of
Sections 24, 66, 67 and 68 of R.A 6975, otherwise
known as the DILG Act of 1990, as amended,
Appropriating Funds therefor and For Other purposes,
dated April 12, 2019.
The National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM)
1. Relationship with the DILG: Attached to the DILG for policy
and program coordination.
2. Composition: Chairperson, four (4) regular commissioners, and
the PNP chief as Ex Officio member.
3. Total: Five (5) Commissioners and a Chairperson
4. Appointing Authority: The President appoints all with the
Secretary of the DILG as Ex Officio
Chairperson
5. Power: It exercises administrative control and operational
supervision over the PNP.
6. Term of Office: 6 years without reappointment or extension.
7. Offices: National, Regional and Provincial
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
Philippine National Police (PNP) – is a community and service-
oriented agency responsible for maintaining peace and
order and public safety.
– it is organized to ensure accountability and uprightness
in police exercise of discretion and achieve efficiently
and effectiveness of its members and units in the
performance of their functions.
Initial Composition
1. Former INP members
2. Commissioned officers and enlisted personnel of the PC
3. Members of the Inspection, Investigation, and Intelligence
Branch of NAPOLCOM
4. Civilian operatives of the CIS
Offices/Functions Absorbed
1. National Action Committee on Anti-Hijacking Security
(NACAH), former under the DND
2. All the functions of the Philippine Air Force Security
Command (PAFSECOM)
 3. Police functions of the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) Serves as the manager of the facility that supervises
the implementation of the guidelines and policies in human
rights laws.
Organizational Structure, Position Title, Functions, and Rank
5. THE CENTER FOR POLICE STRATEGY MANAGEMENT
1. THE COMMAND GROUP: (CPSM)
Vested with the power to command and direct the
PNP. Serves as the central facility of the PNP coordinating
and integrating all strategy management processes,
Position Title Rank sustaining the strategy execution and management, and
Chief of the PNP Police General instilling in the organization a culture of strategic focus.
Deputy Chief of the PNP for Lieutenant General
Administration 6. THE DIRECTORIAL STAFFS
Deputy Chief of the PNP for Lieutenant General
Operation Composed of sixteen (16) Directorates, which has its own
defined specialization:

2. THE CHIEF OF THE DIRECTORIAL STAFF: 6.1 Directorate for Personnel and Records Management
(DPRM):
Serves as the Chief Operations Officer of the PNP
that coordinates, supervises, and directs the Directorial Staff Optimizes personnel resources from uniformed and
and the PNP units in the performance of their respective non-uniformed personnel.
functions.

3. THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS SERVICE (IAS):
Assists the Chief PNP in ensuring operational
readiness and investigates infractions of the regulations
committed by members of the PNP.
4. THE HUMAN RIGHTS AFFAIRS OFFICE (HRAO):
6.2 The Directorate for Intelligence (DI):
Manages the gatherings/collating of intelligence
objectives through the effective management of all
intelligence and counterintelligence activities of the PNP and
serves as the linkage of all foreigners with official
transactions.
 Coordinates, controls, and supervises all investigation
activities.

6.3 The Directorate for Operations (DO): 6.9 The Directorates for Human Resource and Doctrine
Exercises command, control, direction, coordination, Development (DHRDD):
and supervision of all activities of the PNP operations,
Formulates human resources and doctrine
including the deployment and employment of personnel.
development policies.
6.4 The Directorate for Logistics (DL):
6.10 The Directorate for Research and Development
Administers and manages material resources
(DRD):
needed for the PNP operations.
Engages in research and development and tests and
6.5 Directorate for Plans (DPL): evaluates self-reliant projects.
Plans and programs strategic PNP operations. It also
6.11 The Directorate for Information and
represents the PNP in the Inter-agency and international
Communication Technology Management
affairs on peace and order.
(DICTM):
6.6 The Directorate for Comptrollership (DC):
Integrates and standardizes all PNP information
Administers and manages PNP’s fiscal financial systems and resources to improve frontline services further.
resources.

6.7 The Directorate for Police Community Relations
(DCPR):
Formulates and implements community-related
activities, programs, and projects and supervises the
PNP Salaam Police Center.
6.8 The Directorate for Investigation and Detective
Management (DIDM):
6.12 The Directorates for Integrated Police Operations
(DIPO’s) in Eastern Mindanao; Western
Mindanao; Visayas; Southern and Northern Luzon:
Direct and supervise the conduct of integrated anti-
criminality, internal security, counterterrorism operations,
promote inter-operability with the AFP, and provide a
system to promote regional socio-economic development.

7. PNP NATIONAL SUPPORT UNITS
National Administration Support Units (NASU)
7.1 Logistics Support Service (LSS):
Provides logistical support services to all PNP units.
7.2 Information Technology Management
(ITMS):
Provides information technology services to all PNP units
7.3 Finance Service (FS):
Responsible for PNP funds disbursement and
performs other fiscal functions.
7.4 Health Service (HS):
Provides medical and dental services to PNP
personnel and other dependents.
7.5 Communication and Electronic Service (CES):
Provides communication electronic services and
support to all PNP units.
7.6 Chaplain Service (CHS):
Provides spiritual and other counseling services for
the PNP and their dependents.
7.7 Legal Service (LS):
Serves as the legal arm of the PNP.
7.8 Headquarters Support Service (HSS):
Provides administrative and technical support to
National headquarters.
Service 7.9 Engineering Service (ES):
Implements PNP engineering programs, land
utilization, and housing activities.
7.10 Training Service (TS):
Conduct training courses geared towards skills
enhancement, intellectual advancement, and moral
transformation of PNP personnel.
7.11 PNP Retirement and Benefits Administration
Service (PRBS):
Administers the retirement, separation, and death
benefits of PNP personnel.

National Operational Support Units (NOSUs)
7.12 Maritime Group (MG):
Performs police and law enforcement functions over
Philippine territorial waters, lakes, rivers along coastal areas
to include ports and harbors, and tiny islands for the security
and the sustainable development of the maritime
environment.
7.13 Intelligence Group (IG):
Serves as the intelligence and counterintelligence
operating unit of the PNP.
7.14 Police Security and Protection Group (PSPG):
Provide security to vital government installation,
government officials, visiting dignitaries, and private
individuals authorized to be given protection.
7.15 Criminal Investigation and Detection Group
(CIDG):
Monitors, investigates, prosecutes all crimes
involving economic sabotage and other crimes of such
magnitude and the extent to indicate their commission by
highly placed or professional criminal syndicates and
organizations. It also conducts organized crime control on all
major cases involving violations of the Revised Penal Code,
Special Penal Laws assigned to them, atrocities committed
by the subversive elements.
7.16 Special Action Force (SAF):
Serves as the PNP’s main mobile strike force or a
reaction unit to augment regional, provincial, municipal, and
city police force for civil disturbance control, internal
security operations, hostage-rescue operations, search and
rescue in times of natural calamities, disasters, and national
emergencies and other special police operations. To enhance
its operations. The PNP Air Unit is placed under the
supervision to the SAF.
7. 17 Aviation Security Group (AVSEGROUP):
Provides security to all airports throughout the
country.
7.18 Highway Patrol Group (HPG):
Enforces traffic laws and regulations, promote safety
along the highways, enhances traffic safety consciousness
through inter-agency cooperation concerning police traffic
safety engineering, traffic safety education, and traffic law
enforcement functions, and develops reforms in the crime
prevention aspect against all forms of lawlessness committed
along national highway involving the use motor vehicles.
7.19 Police Community Relation Group (PCRG):
 Undertakes and orchestrates police-community 8.1 National Capital Region Police Office
relations programs and activities in partnership with
8.1.1 Regional Public Safety Mngt. Battalion (RPSMB
concerned government agencies, the community, and
volunteer organizations to prevent crime and attain a safe District Police Offices)
and peaceful environment.
8.1.2 Police Stations
7.20 Civil Security Group (CSG):
8.1.3 Substations
Regulates business operations, and activities of all
organized private detectives, watchmen, security
guards/agencies, and company guard forces and supervises
8.2 Police Regional Offices (PROs)
the licensing and registration of firearms and explosives.
8.2.1 Regional Public Safety Mngt. Battalion (RPSMB)
7.21 Crime Laboratory (CL):
8.2.2 Police Provincial Official Offices (PPOs)
Provides scientific and technical investigative aid and
8.2.2.1 Provincial Public Safety Mngt. Coy (PPSMC)
support to the PNP and other investigative agencies. It also
conducts crime laboratory examination, evaluation, and 8.2.2.2 Municipal/Component City Police Station
identification of physical evidence gathered at the crime
8.2.2.3 Precincts
scene, emphasizing medical, biological, and physical
evidence. 8.2.3 City Police Offices (in a highly urbanized and
independent city) CPOs
7.22 PNP Anti-Kidnapping Group (PNP-AKG): 8.2.3.1 City Public Safety Mngt. Coy
Serves as the primary unit of the PNP in addressing 8.2.3.2 CPO Police Stations
kidnapping cases and in handling hostage situations.

7.23 PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group PNP-ACG): B. CLASSIFICATION OF CPS AND MPS

Enforce pertinent laws on cybercrimes and advocate
anti-cybercrime campaigns of the PNP.
8. THE MAIN OPERATING UNITS
1. Components Cities
1.1 Type “A” for cities with a population ranging from 100,
000 and above
1.2 Type “B” for cities with a population ranging from 75,000
to less than 100, 000
1.3 Type “C” for cities with less than 75, 000 population
 9. Provincial/City Directors
2. Municipalities
10. Group Directors, RPSB (NCRPO)
2.1 Type “A” for those with a population ranging 75,000 or
11. Chief of Police/Station Commanders
more
2.2 Type “B” for those population ranging from 30,000 to less
Powers and Functions of the PNP
than 75,000
1. Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the protection of
2.3 Type “C” for those population less than 30,000 lives and properties;
2. Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to
3. Manning Level in the PNP: ensure public safety;
3. Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal
3.1 Minimum – 1:1000
offenders, bring offenders to justice, and assist in their
3.2 Average – 1:500 prosecution;
4. Exercise the general powers to make an arrest, search, and
Key Positions: Refers to positions of significant responsibility for a seizure in accordance with the constitution and pertinent
command, office, or unit. laws;
5. Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is
Key Positions in the PNP prescribed by law, informing the person so detained of all his
rights under the constitution;
1. Chief, Philippine National Police
6. Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and explosives in
2. The Deputy Chief, PNP for Administration accordance with law;
7. Supervise and control the training and operations of security
3. The Deputy Chief, PNP for Operations
agencies, and to security guards and private detectives, for
4. The Chief of the Directorial Staff the practice of their professions; and
8. Perform such other duties and exercise all other functions as
5. The Directors of the Directorial Staff
may be provided by law.
6. Regional Directors, Police Regional Offices
7. Directors, National Support Units
VISION, MISSION, PHILOSOPHY, AND CORE VALUES
8. District Directors, NCRPO
Vision
 C/Supt PMAJ PO1 Pat
Imploring the aid of Almighty God, by 2030, We shall be a S/Insp PCPT
highly capable, effective, and credible police service working in Insp PLT
partnership with a responsive community towards the attainment of
a safer place to live, work, and do business.

Mission INSIGNIAS

Enforce the law, prevent and control crimes, maintain peace PLT to PCOL shall wear insignia, which shall be attached
and order, and ensure public safety and internal security with the approximately one inch from the collar lapel’s front and lower side
support of the community. edges. For BGEN and higher, insignia shall be pinned on the
shoulder board measuring 5 ½ and 2 ½ in width.
Philosophy
Rank Insignia:
Service, Honor, Justice
1. 4,3,2,1 silver star for PGEN, PLTGEN, PMGEN, and
Core Values BGEN, respectively.

Maka Diyos, Makatao, Makabayan at Makakalikasan 2. 3,2,1 silver sampaguita cluster for PCOL, PLTCOL,
and PMAJ respectively

Rank Classification, insignia, and Badges 3. 2,1 bronze anahaw leaf for PCPT, and PLT,
respectively
NEW PNP RANKING SYSTEM (R.A 11200 – February 8, 2019)
4. PNCO – chevron
OLD NEW OLD NEW
DGen PGEN SPO4 PEMS 5. Executive SPO-PEMS – chevron in white sampaguita
cluster at the center flanked by gold laurel leaves.
DDG PLTGEN SPO3 PCMS
Dir PMGEN SPO2 PSMS
C/Supt PBGEN SPO1 PMSg
BADGES
S/Supt PCOL PO3 PSSg
Supt PLTCOL PO2 PCpl 1. Police Badge – Center of the left breast pocket
 2. Combat Citation Badged-Above the right pocket on the
top of citation badges
3. Parachutist/EDC/Pilot Wings/Technical Services Badges-
Above the left pocket on
the top of the service decorations.
THE PEOPLE’S LAW ENFORCEMENT BOARD (PLEB)
their goodness and integrity, one (1) of whom
must be a woman and another, a member of the
Bar or in the absence thereof, a college graduate,
or, the principal of the central elementary school
in the locality.
INTERNAL AFFAIRS SERVICE (IAS)

- is a Disciplinary board created by the Sangguniang This was established by virtue of R.A 8551. It has
Panlungsod/Bayan in every city and municipality which hear investigative and adjudicatory power over the PNP members.
and decide citizen’s complaint against erring officers of the It is a part of the PNP but enjoining independence from the
PNP. PNP.

- AT LEAST ONE (1) PLEB for every 500 city or Organization of the Internal Affairs Service
municipal police personnel and each of the legislative
districts in a city. In addition, it serves as a CENTRAL 1. National Office – headed by Inspector General to
RECEIVING entity for any citizen’s complaint against be assisted by Deputy
officers and members of the PNP. Lt take cognizance of or Inspector General.
refer the complaint to the proper disciplinary or adjudicatory
authority WITHIN 3 days upon the filing of the complaint. 2. Area (Regional) Office – headed by
Director/Police Major General
Composition
3. Provincial Office – headed by a
1. A member of the Sanggunian Panlungsod/Bayan Superintendents/Police
chosen by his/her respective sanggunian. lieutenant Colonel
2. A punong-barangay of the city or municipality
concerned chosen by the Liga ng mga Barangay;
and Powers of the IAS Over the PNP
3. Three (3) other members, who can be removed
only for cause, chosen by the city/municipal 1. Pro-active conduct inspections and audits of the
peace and order council from among the PNP personnel and units.
respected members of the community known for
 2. Investigate, complain, and gather evidence in
support of an open 5. Incidents where the established rules of
investigation engagement have been violated.
3. Conduct summary hearings on PNP members
facing administrative charges.

4. Submit a periodic report on the assessment, Recommendatory Duty in the Promotion

analysis, and evaluation of the character and
Tasked to provide documents or recommendations
behavior of the PNP personnel and units to the
regarding the promotion of the PNP members or the
Chief PNP and the NAPOLCOM.
assignment of the PNP personnel to key positions.
5. File appropriate criminal cases against PNP
Recommendatory Power in Discipline
members before the court as evidence warrants
and assist in the prosecution of the case.
Disciplinary measures recommended by IAS against
an erring personnel, once final, cannot be revised, set aside,
6. Assist the office of the Ombudsman in cases
or unduly delayed by any disciplining authority without just
involving personnel of the PNP.
cause. Any disciplining authority who fails to act or who acts
with abuse of discretion on the recommendation of the IAS
Motu Proprio Investigation
shall be made liable for gross neglect of duty. The case of
erring disciplinary authority shall be submitted to the
1. Incidents where police personnel discharge a
Director-General for proper disposition.
firearms

2. Incidents where death, serious physical injuries, or

Entry Qualification to the Internal Affairs Service
any violation of human rights occurred in police operations.
Voluntary subject to a rigorous screening where only
3. Incidents where a suspect in the custody of police
PNP personnel who have at least five (5) years’ experience
was seriously injured.
in law enforcement and no derogatory records are allowed to
enter.
4. Incidents where the evidence is compromised,
tampered with, obliterated, or lost while in the custody of
police personnel.
 Aside from allowances allowed by law, IAS
members are granted occupational specialty pay not
exceeding 50% of the base pay.
Inclusions of Supervisor and Superiors in Internal Affairs
Service Investigation
Immediate supervisor or superior of the unit’s
personnel being investigated is automatically included in the
investigation to determine lapses in administration and
supervision.
GENDER SENSITIVITY PROGRAM
Gender Sensitivity Program in the PNP
1. Creation of Women’s Desk in all stations throughout
the country
- to administer and attend to cases involving crime
against chastity, sexual harassment, abuses
committed against women and children, and other
similar crimes.
2. Prioritization of women for the recruitment and
training within five (5) years from the effectivity of
R.A 8551
- to serve in the Women’s desk. To achieve this,
10% of its quota is allowed for women.
3. Establishment of equal opportunities for women in the
PNP, the prevention of sexual harassment in the
workplace, and the prohibition of discrimination based
on gender or sexual orientation.
4. Administrative Liability to any person who shall violate
the established rules and regulations regarding gender
sensitivity and gender equality. (The penalty for the
violator shall be suspended without pay for not less than
thirty (30) days and shall undergo gender sensitivity
seminar or training: Provided, that any person who
violates the rules more than twice shall be recommended
for demotion or dismissal from the PNP).
C. RELATIONSHIP OF THE DILG WITH DEPARTMENT
OF NATIONAL DEFENSE (DND) IN COUNTER-
INSURGENCY (COIN) FUNCTION.
The Department of the Interior and Local
Government is relieved of the primary responsibility of
suppressing insurgency and other severe threats to national
security.
COIN became the function of the DND through the
AFP. However, the PNP, through information gathering and
performance of its ordinary police functions, supports the
AFP upon matters involving suppression of insurgency.
Likewise, the President may call on the PNP to support the
AFP in combat operations.
D. PARTICIPATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
EXECUTIVES IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE PNP
Governors and/or Mayors, once elected are
automatically become deputies of the NAPOLCOM in
administering the PNP personnel assigned in their area of
jurisdiction.
1. Power to Choose PD and COP
Governor: from the three recommendees by the
Regional Director.
Mayor: from the five recommendees by the Provincial
Director
2. Power to employ and deploy: authority to recommend
to the Chief of Police or Provincial Director the transfer,
reassignment, or detail of PNP members outside their
respective city or town.
3. Control and Supervision of Anti-Gambling
Operations
4. Note: The term “operational supervision and control”
shall mean the power to direct, superintend, and oversee
the day-to-day functions of police investigation of crime,
crime prevention activities, and the traffic control
following the rules and regulations set by the
NAPOLCOM. It shall also include the power to direct
the employment and deployment of units or elements of
the PNP through the Chiefs of Police concerned.
5. Employment:
Refers to the utilization of units or elements
of the PNP for protection of lives and properties,
enforcement of laws, maintenance of peace and
order, prevention crimes, arrest criminals and
bringing the offenders to justice, and ensuring public
safety, particularly in the suppression or disorders,
riots, lawless violence rebellions and seditious
conspiracy, insurgency, subversion, and other related
activities.
6. Deployment:
This means the orderly and organized
physical movement of elements or units of the PNP
within the city or municipality for employment
purposes.
7. Grounds for Suspension or withdrawal of Deputation
by the NAPOLCOM:
Unless reversed by the President; after
consultation with the provincial governor and
congressman concerned, the NAPOLCOM may
suspend or withdraw the deputation of any local
executive for any of the following grounds:
7.1 Frequent unauthorized absences
7.2 Abuse of authority
7.3 Providing material support to criminal
elements or
7.4 Engaging in acts damaging to national
security or which negate the effectiveness
of the peace and order campaign