16 NUMBER (Chapter 1) ‘You can evaluate powers on your calculator using a special key. Instructions can be found by clicking on the icon, EXERCISE 1¢ 1. Find the integer equal to: a 2 b 24 <3 e 2x 5? f 3x5 9 38 x5xT 2 Simplify: a -3? b (-3)? « -13 e@ (-5) 1-5 gs (-2) 3. Find, using your calculator: a 58 b « 115 e (-4)" # (-78 3 (-2)° 4 Find the last digit of 3°°. Hint: Consider 31, 3?, 3°, 34, 35, 38, ... and look for a pattern, 5. Find the last digit of 71, Some expressions contain more than one operation, To evaluate these expressions correctly, we use the following mules: © Perform the operations within Brackets first. * Calculate any part involving Exponents, © Starting from the left, perform all Divisions and Multiplications as you come to them. ¢ Restart from the left, performing all Additions and Subtractions as you come to them. Brackets arc grouping symbols which are used to indicate part of an expression which should be evaluated first. * Ian expression contains one set of brackets, evaluate that part first. GRaPHiCS CALCULATOR INSTRUCTIONS d 2x5? ho x3 x11 (1s h -24 (38 h 23? © [fan expression contains two or more sets of brackets one inside the other, evaluate the innermost set first. * The division line of fractions also behaves as a grouping symbol. The numerator and the denominator must be found separately before doing the division,NUMBER (Chapter 1) Example 6 RCIA Simplify: a 347-5 b 6x3+2 a 347-5 {Work from left to right as only + and — are involved.} 0-5 =5 & —6x3+2 {Work from left to right as only x and + are involved.} 8 +2 Goes CURA EXERCISE 1D.1 1 Simplify: a 449-5 b 4-945 ¢ 4-9-5 d 3x12+6 e 12+6x3 # 6x1243 2 Simplify: a 84+9x3 b 6x3+7 © 14-2x4 d 21-6x1 e 3x2-2 f 30-2x2x3 g 302246 h 44+342x6 i 12-6x3+2 | 26-923 k 541242 1 15+3+16+2 Example 8 Simplify: 3+ (11-7) x2 Drea B4+(11=7)x2 {evaluate the brackets first} =34+4x2 {x before +} =3+8 = 1718 NUMBER (Chapter 1) 3. Simplify: a 15+(9-3) b (15+9)-3 © (1226)-2 e (11-8)-3 f 1-(-3) 2 h i 24-(6+10)-3 i (24-6) + (10-3) k 1 20+ (10 +2) m 16—(4x3)-2 n3 © 8-(3x8)+6 ‘Simplit (12+ (9+3)]—4 Gos aT [12+ (9+3)]-4? {evaluate the inner brackets first} -4 {evaluate the outer brackets} {evaluate the exponents} 4 Simplity: a 9—-[(4~3)+2x 5] b [21-(44+5))x2 € 12-((7+4) +3] d [18 — (15 +5)] +6 e@ 108+ (2 x (18+3)) f (4x 2)+( I] x3 5. Simplify: a 5-4 b (5-4)? © 2x (4-77 d 2x4-72 e@ (3~8) x (542)? f 3 —8x5+28 implify. 22+6-7) Simpify: FE BB) evaluate the brackets frst} {simplifying numerator and denominator} 6 Simplify: 2 33 sae4 147 a a ‘ ° ta Ba a4 4 ame 64-16 5x246 20 (4+0)—5 ° Ts t= 8 Tex 4+@-5)NUMBER (Chapter 1) 19 7 Using x, +, +, or — only, replace each (1 so that correct equations result. Remember that the operations must be evaluated in the correct order. a 70304=6 b 40603=21 ¢ 120403=9 8 Insert grouping symbols where necessary to make the following true: a 9-7x4=8 b 80+8x2=5 © 80+8x2 d 4x8-7-1=26 e@ 4x8-7-1=3 f 4x8-7-1=0 9 54+2x6-3=39 h 54+2x6-3 1 1 5+2x6-3=21 BEDMAS CHALLENGE % Click on the icon to run the BEDMAS Challenge. How fast can you go? USING YOUR CALCULATOR TO PERFORM OPERATIONS In this course it is assumed that you have a graphics calculator. Your calculator already has the order of operations built into it. However, you may need to consult the instructions about negative numbers and grouping symbols, by Cnn OR clicking on the icon. INSTRUCTIONS Example 11 4) Self Tutor Calculate: 15 15 2 5s ‘ 3 ae 3+2 Casio fx-CG20 TI-84 Plus Ti-nspire iS7s+2 15¢3+2) “Be(S-1> oo f EXERCISE 1D.2 1 Evaluate using your calculator: a 16+25%9 b (16 +25) x9 ‘ d 112+(7+7) e 43x -6 W2+7+7 256