[ovo lela rs) NT RN ras eee ee ete hS — _ aay = POOLEYS Pilot’s Work Book Pooleys EASA PPL Ground School =To accompany the Air Pilot's Manuals Ava & Meteorology Pooleys Flight Equipment Ltd | Elstree Aerodrome | Hertfordshire | WD6 3AW Tel: +44(0)20 8953 4870 | Fax: +44(0)20 8953 2512 Email: sales@pooleys.com | Website: www.pooleys.com Nothing in this manual supersedes any EU legislation, rules or EASA regulations or procedures and any operational documents isued by The Stationery Office, the Civil Aviation Authority, National Aviation Authorities, the manufacturers of aircraft, engines and systems, or by the operators of aircraft throughout the world. Note that as maps and charts are changed regularly, those extracts reproduced in this book must not be used for flight planning or flight operations.POOLEYS = ra ey r y = Pooleys EASA PPL Ground Schopl-To pecompany the AirPlt’s Manual,Vol.2_ | Nothing in this manual supersedes any legislation, rules, regulations or procedures contained in any operational document issued by Her Majesty’ Stationery Office, the Civil Aviation Authority, the European Union, the European Commission, EASA, ICAO, the manufacturers of aircraft, engines and systems, or by the operators of aireraft throughout the world. Pooleys Air Presentations, Air Law, Pilot's Work Book, Copyright 2017 © Pooleys Flight Equipment Ltd ISBN: 978-1-84336-231-9 First Edition June 2016 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently oF incidentally to some of the use of this publication (without the written permissions of the copyright owner) except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England WIP OLP. Applications for the copyright owner's written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher. All rights reserved. Warning: The doin and criminal prosecution, of an unauthorised act in relation to a copyright work may result in both a civil claim for damages Pooleys Flight Equipment Ltd Elstree Aerodrome Hertfordshire WD6 3AW England, UK Tel: 0208 953 4870 Fax: 0208 953 2512 Email: sales@pooleys.com Website: www.pooleys.comPOOLEYS 7 — Air Law Pooleys EASA PPL Ground School To accompany the AirPlot’s Manual,Vel.2_ | = ax = Editorial Team r Author: Helena Hughes BA (Hons) m= Helena Hughes was born into an aviation household, having her first informal “fly- S ing lesson" at the age of four. Her late father David was a flying instructor and also = flew corporate jets. On leaving University in 1989 Helena went to America to obtain a PPL, converting to a UK licence on return. Shortly afterwards she started work in Air Traffic Control at London Luton Airport earning her Controllers Licence in 1990. During her time at Luton she was involved in controller training as both an instructor and Assessor. Helena continues to be an operational Air Traffic Control © Officer and is currently posted to Swanwick working “Luton Radar", “Thames Radar” and "Heathrow Special.” She holds a CPL/IR(A) and has been a flying instructor I since 1996 teaching PPL and associated ratings, Helena also has a PPL(H). She is an e ATC, AGCS, Ground and Communications Examiner.POOLEYS r, a Vig a oor a Met eo ear cn may eee mone KS Index tion (ICAO) Airborne Collision Avoidance 2 Order of Landing 33 ICAO Articles (2) 3. Airborne Collision Avoidance: ICAO Articles (3) 4 Landing & Take-Off (1) 34 ICAO Articles (4) 5 Airborne Collision Avoidance: ICAO Articles (5) 6 Landing & Take-Off (2) 35 ICAO 6) Right Hand Traffic Rule (Rul 36 ICAO Anticle 8 Aircraft Lights (Rule 46) 37 ICAO Articles (8) 9 Navigation Lights 38 ICAO Articles (9) 10. Aitcraft Lights (Rule 46) 39 EASA/UK Aviation Law 11. Failure of Navigation or Aeronautical Information Service (1) 2 Anti-Collision Lights (Rule 48) 40 Aeronautical Information Service (2) 3 Aerodrome — Definitions Summary 4 Right of Way on the Ground (Rule 42) 41 Rules of the Air 5 Collision Avoidance licability (Rule 2) 6 on the Ground (Rule 43) 42 Flying (Failure of Power Unit) 7 Rules for Taxying 43 Low Flying (1000 feet Rule) 8 Aerodrome Traffic Zone 44 Low Flying (Land Clear Rule) 19 Operation in an Aerodrome Traffic Zone 4 Low Flying (Assemblies) 20. Standard Overhead Join 46 Low Flying (500 Feet Rule) 21 Declared Distances 47 Aerobatics (Rule 15) Water Contamination on Runways 48 & Weather Reports (Rule 7) Notification of Arrival & Departures Instrument Flight (Rule 23) Simula Aerodrome Beacc Light Signals from the Ground Light Signals from an Aircraft ns Practice Instrument Approaches (Rule 24) 25 Ground Signals & Markings (1) Aerodrome Traffic Zone (ATZ)(Rule 45) 26 Ground Signals & Markings (2) Airbourne Collision Avoidance (Rules 8-11) 27 Ground Signals & Markings (3) Airborne Collision Avoi Ground Signals & Markings (4) Converging (1) 28 Runway Threshold Markings Airborne Collision Avoidance: splaced Threshold Marking Perm/Temp 56 Converging (2) 29 Runway Unservicable/Runway Markings 5 Airborne Collision Avoidance: Taxiway Markings/Information Signs for Approaching Head On 30 Surface Movement 5 Airborne Collision Avoidance: Overtaking 31 Taxiway Intersections 59 Airborne Collision Avoidance: landatory Signs for Surface Movement 60 in the vicinity of an Aerodrome -32._Taxiway Holding Position-Signs & Markings 6 Marshalling Signs (1) 62Cee Gel ae ceo Ree aa POOLEYS CYTE s Manual, Vol. 2 Index r ie Marshalling Signs (2) Runway Lighting (1) Runway Lighting (2) Dbstacle Marking and Lighting Flight Information Regions Classification of Airspa ss B& C Airspace Class D&E Airspace Class F and G Airspace & Control Zones and Areas Airways and TCA Military Air Traffic Zones Airspace Restrictions Danger Areas Areas of Intense Aerial Activity Air Traffic Services ~ Objectives es Air Traffic Services ~ Types Flight Informat n Service at Aerodromes & Control Zones and Areas Safetycom and Alerting Service Air Traffic Services Outside Controlled Airspace (ATSOCAS) & Lower Airspace Radar Services Traffic Service & Deconfliction Service Non-Radar Services & Procedural Service Visual Flight Rules - by Day & Alternatives by Day Visual Flight Rules ~ by Night & Altematives by Night Rule t Flight Rules (Rules 32-37) & Minimum Height (Rule 33) IER Rules 35, 36 and 37 Special VER — Pilot's Responsibilities Altimetry - Terminology (1) Altimetry ~ Terminology (2) Altimeter Setting Regions sic S 63 64 Transition Altitude and Level ch Pressure Setting to use? istration Registration Markings Airworthiness Maintenance/Technical Log/ Flight Manual Documents to be Carried EASA Licensing & Student Pilots Private Pilot's Licence — Requirements/Privileges Private Pilot's Licence —Weather Minima (CAS) her Minima (Outside CAS) Private Pilot's Licence - Currency Type and Class Ratings Class Ratings EASA Part-FCL 1 & Class Ratings EASA Part-FCL 1 Medicals - Requirements Flight Radio Telephony Operator's Li & Personal Logbooks Personal Logbooks Pre-Flight Action Transponder Modes Transponder - Conspicuity C & Special Purpose Cod Wake Turbulence ~ General Wake Turbulence - Departure Separations & Emergencies - Dist mergencies - Ur icer 55 ney hand Rescue (SAR) — Emergi earch and Re: & Signals Accident Investigations Interception Procedures tion Procedur the intercepting Aircraft nals from the intercepted Aircraft 93 94 96 907 99 100 116 7 118POOLEYS = Va ee SM ono Gace any the Air Pilot's Manual, Vol, 2 NotesPOGLEEYS — a Py Air Law ct TO aoe et eae Dy aaa Chicago Convention of November 1944. 55 participating States met and established some basic principles for the safe and efficient development of civil aviation. + Permanent body was formed in 1947 to promote the standards and recommended practices developed by the Convention. Pe + International Civil Aviation Organisation, or ICAO. r + Based in Montreal Canada.POOLEYS — 2 Via Pooleys EASA PPL Ground Schopl ~To accompany the Air Pilot's Manual, Vol. 2 — aa = ICAO Articles (1) ARTICLE 1 SOVEREIGNTY Each state (nation) that has signed the convention is recognised to have complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above its territory. ARTICLE 2 TERRITORY A state's territory is the land and territorial waters over which the state has sovereignty. ARTICLE 4 MISUSE OF CIVIL AVIATION Each state agrees not to use civil aviation for any purpose contrary to the aims of the convention (i.e. For illegal purposes). ARTICLE 5 RIGHT OF NON-SCHEDULED FLIGHT + Each state will allow aircraft from all other states (except for schedule international flights) to fly into or through its airspace, and to land without prior permission. + States also have the right to require overflying aircraft to land. + Where terrain is remote and navigation facilities are inadequate, states may require overflying aircraft to follow prescribed routes, or to obtain prior permission for the flight. NOTE: The words shall and should have precise meanings in ICAO documents. Where it says a pilot sh it says a pilot sl all do something, it means he/she must, or he/she is required to. Where jould do something, it means he/she doesn’t have to, but in the interests of good airmanship and flight safety it is recPOOGEEY Ss i Air Law Pooleys EASA PPL Ground School ~To accompany the Air Pilot's Manual, Vol. 2 — a Co ICAO Articles (2) ARTICLE 10 LANDING AT CUSTOMS AIRPORT Each state may require aircraft entering its territory to land at a customs airport for a customs examination, unless the flight has permission to cross the territory without landing. Similarly, aircraft departing a state may be required to depart from a customs airport. ARTICLE 11 APPLICABILITY OF AIR REGULATIONS Any aircraft, regardless of its nationality, shall obey the regulations and operational procedures of the state in which it is flying. ARTICLE 12 RULES OF THE AIR Each state shall ensure that aircraft operating within its territory, or aircraft carrying its nationality mark, wherever they may be, follow the rules of the air. Over the high seas, the rules of the convention apply. Each state shall endeavour to prosecute violations of the regulations. ARTICLE 16 SEARCH OF AIRCRAFT Each state has the right to search aircraft from other states on landing or departure, and to inspect documents without causing unnecessary delay. ARTICLE 17 NATIONALITY OF AIRCRAFT Aircraft have the nationality of the state in which they are registered.POOLEYS _— Air Law Preemie ea E seo WUE Cu eed ea on ct = ICAO Articles (3) ARTICLE 18 DUAL REGISTRATION An aircraft may not be registered in more than one state, though its registration may be changed from one state to another. ARTICLE 19 NATIONAL LAWS GOVERNING REGISTRATION Registration or transfer of registration in any state shall comply with that state’s laws and regulations. ARTICLE 20 DISPLAY OF MARKS All aircraft operating internationally shall display its appropriate nationality and registration marks. ARTICLE 22 FACILITATION OF FORMALITIES Each state shall facilitate flights between territories of contracting states, and prevent unnecessary delays to those flights, especially in relation to customs, immigration and quarantine procedures. ARTICLE 23 CUSTOMS AND IMMIGRATION PROCEDURES Each state shall establish customs and immigration procedures in accordance with international practice.POOCEY Ss i Air Law rae. Wa eter erate} = r = " ICAO Articles (4) ARTICLE 24 CUSTOMS DUTY Aircraft entering another state's territory shall be admitted temporarily free of duty, subject to the state’s customs regulations. Fuel, oil, spare parts and regular equipment that are on board an aircraft on arrival in another state, and retained on board on departure, shall be exempt from duty. This does not apply to anything that is unloaded from the aircraft. Spare parts imported into a state for use by an aircraft from another state on international operations shall be free of duty. ARTICLE 25 AIRCRAFT IN DISTRESS Each state shall assist aircraft in distress in its territory, and allow the owners of the aircraft and that state in which the aircraft is registered, to assist as appropriate. ARTICLE 26 INVESTIGATION OF ACCIDENTS Should an aircraft registered in one state be involved in an accident in another state, and the accident results in death or serious injury or indicates a serious technical defect in the aircraft or navigation facilities. The state in which the accident occurs shall run an inquiry in accordance with ICAO procedures. The state in which the aircraft is registered shall be allowed to observe the inquiry.POOLEYS = = Via el PreMed ICAO Articles (5) ARTICLE 28 AIR NAVIGATION FACILITIES & STANDARD SYSTEMS Each state shall facilitate international aviation by: Providing radio services, meteorological services and air navigation facilities to ICAO standards; Operating standard systems for communications, markings, signals and lighting; Co-operating internationally in the publication of aeronautical maps and charts ARTICLE 29 DOCUMENTS CARRIED IN AIRCRAFT All aircraft flying internationally shall carry the following documents: Certificate of registration; Certificate of airworthiness; Appropriate licences for each crew member; Journey logbook: Appropriate radio licences; If carrying passengers, a list of their names and places of embarkation (boarding) and destination; + |Fcarrying cargo, a manifest and detailed declarations of cargo. ARTICLE 30 AIRCRAFT RADIO EQUIPMENT + Aircraft operating in other states may carry radio transmitting equipment only if it is licensed by the state in which the aircraft is registered. The use of that equipment shall comply with the regulations of the state that is being flown over. + Radio transmitting equipment may be used only by crew members who are licensed to do so by the state in which the aircraft is registered.POOLEYS Air Law CeO am eee en caer r ICAO Articles (6) re ARTICLE 31 CERTIFICATE r OF AIRWORTHINESS r All aircraft operating internationally shall be re provided with a certificate of airworthiness by the ~ state in which it is registered. eo ARTICLE 33 RECOGNITION e OF CERTIFICATES AND LICENCES e Certificates of airworthiness and flight crew licences issued by the state r in which the aircraft is registered shall be recognised by other er contracting states, provided the requirements for the issue of such er certificates and licences meet ICAO standards. e ARTICLE 34 JOURNEY LOGBOOKS e All aircraft on international operations shall keep a journey logbook, r containing details of the aircraft, its crew and each journey, in e accordance with ICAO standards.ROOGEECS _— Va Peau ee eae ce wR Ta) — er Co ICAO Articles (7) ARTICLE 35 CARGO RESTRICTIONS Weapons or munitions of war may not be carried in or above a state's territory except by permission of that state. States may prohibit the carriage of any other items within their territory for reasons of public order or safety. ARTICLE 36 PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS States may prohibit or regulate the use of photographic apparatus in aircraft over its territory. ARTICLE 32 LICENCES OF PERSONNEL Pilots and flight crew members engaged in international operations shall hold licences issued by the state in which the aircraft is registered.POOLEYS — 7 = Air Law OE aie et ear cen gal ea ett Ve ICAO Articles (8) ARTICLE 37 ADOPTION OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES Each state undertakes, as far as possible, to implement uniformity in aviation regulations, standards and procedures. To help this process ICAO shall adopt and amend international standards and recommended practices dealing with such matters as: + Communications systems and air navigation aids, including ground markings; Airports and landing areas; Rules of the air and air traffic control procedures; Licensing of the flight crew and maintenance staff; Airworthiness of aircraft; Meteorological services; + — Logbooks; Aeronautical maps and charts; Customs and immigration procedures; Aircraft in distress and accident investigation. ARTICLE 39 ENDORSEMENT OF CERTIFICATES AND LICENCES + Aircraft that have failed to meet any international standard of airworthiness or performance at certification shall show on its airworthiness certificate full details of such failure(s). + Flight crew licence holders who fail to satisfy any condition laid down in the international standard relating to that licence shall have full details of such failure(s) shown on their licence.