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    Gcse Combined Science Workbook Answers Higher Level 9-1 2

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    rubylexih

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    CGP icep\< GCSE Combined Science For AQA (Grade 9-1) Sa ay (New! | Exam Practice Answer Book Higher Level For the new AQA Trilogy course starting September 2016 Contents Topic B1— Cell Biology ue nnnenson Topic B2 — Organisation Topic 83 — Infection and Response Topic BA — Bioenrgeti um nenvevnnnni “opie BS — Homeostasis and Response Topic B6 — Inheritance, Variation and Eveluton .. Topic B7 — Ecology. Topic CI — Atomie Stucture andthe Perode Table Topic C2 — Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter Topic C3 — Quantitative Chemistry Topic C4 — Chemical Changes Topic C5 — Energy Changes eon Topic C6 — The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change on Topic C7 — Organic Chemistry... - Topic C8 — Chemical Analysen Topic C9 — Chemistry of the Atmosphere... Topic CHO — Using ResourC€5 een Topic P1— Energy — Topic P2 — Electricity ee ene Topic P3 — Particle Model of Matter uu Topic PA — Atomic Strutt eee nnen Topic PS — Forces ooonnnnnn - eee eee eee eee 32 Topic P6 — Waves eneneeneeenen nee sont 35 Topic P7 — Magnetism and Electromagnets. onion nent ee enen 37) Biology Mixed QUeStIONS soneampenernvvententntnn a 38 Chemistry Mixed Questions on a nn) Physics Mixed Questions ovenenurwwenersentevttnneee — je eee 2) Published by CGP swonmegpbooks.co.k Printed by Blanders 14d, Newcastle upon Tyne Ctipart from Corel? ‘Text, design, layout and original illustrations © Coordination Group Publications Lia (car) 2016 All rights reserved. Topic B1 — Cell Biology Pages 1-2—Cells ory cin min i rom 7 ol 7 cytoplasm ‘[L mark for each correct label) ‘cell [1 mark. a Answers ‘Nocleus — contol the activities ofthe cll contains genetic ‘materia /1 marl. Eg milochondsia [1 mark] where aerobic respiration takes place AH mark, bosoms [I mark] where protein synthesis occas fimarh. ‘There is no cell wall vacuole. / There are no chloroplasts mark} ‘acteiuen f7 mark) X-chromosome/DNA/genetc material [mark ‘Y —cell wall 1 mark 7 plasrid [1 mark] Iteontains genetic material /T mark]. 1Otimes anger 1 order of magnitude large 1 mark 1 mam = 1000 = 1000 ym 1000 pm * 1 n= 1000 cells £2 marks for the eorreet answer, cetherwise 1 mark for correct working) 26 Bg. eukaryotic cells havea nucleus, prokaryotic cells donot. {DNA is found inside the nucleas of eukaryotic cells, bat is not enclosed in prokaryotic ells. / Pokaryotc cells contain plasmids, eukaryotic cells do not. / Eukaryotic cells have ritochondria, prokaryotic cells do net [T mark Page 3— Microscopy 1 Iength of cell A in image =24 mm 240.012 =% 2000 [2 marks forthe eorret answer, othensise T mark for correct working} 21 sizeofreal object sizeof image + magnification ‘actus lengsh= 10 mm = 1000 = 0.01 mm /2 marks for correct, ‘answer, otherwise I mark for correct working] 22 1mm 1000.m 0,01 rar > 1000 = 10 pm mark 23° Electroa microscopes have a higher magaification [1 marh] aad s higher resoluion than light microscopes /1 mark) 24 Rag. mone oll structures ean be seen under an electron ‘microscope f1 mark) and tay cen be seen with greater detail Hark Page 4— More on Microscopy LL When the spesimen is colourless (2 mark. 12 <4 (1 marhy Rermerbe, you should clays start with the lowest-powered objective lens this males it eacer to get your specimen into view. 13 ‘They bring the sample into focus by moving the stage up and down [1 mark. 14 Sheshould selec the * 40 or x 10 objostve lens /1 mark] and ‘se the adjustment knobs fo bring the sample back into focus EH mari. 15 ‘Any from: eg. she should use @ pencil with aserp point 1 She should make sure her drawing takes up atleast half ofthe space aailable./ She should not colour or shade ber diagram. 1 She should ensue that the subcellular structures ate drawn in ‘proportion She should include ate. / She shoud write down the magaificetion that it was observed under. She should abel ‘he importen features of her draving using straight, uncrossed ines. 2 marks} Page § — Cell Differentiation and Specialisation Warmup oot heir cell — Long finge-like projection increases surface area for absorption of water. xylem — Cell that are hollow inthe cente and have no end cell walls form « continuous tobe fo transporting water from roots tolewes, phloem — Very few subcellular structures and holes in the end cll walls allow dissolved sugars to move rom one cell tothe ext 1 ferentiation fT mark) 21 To fertilise an eg To cary the male DNA to the female DNA (jn she eg). mark) 22g. thas a tail to enable ito swim tothe egg, [1 mark. Ithas ots of mitochonéia to give it energy [7 mark. Ihas streamlined head to aid swimming (1 marh) ‘The head contains enzymes o help the sper penetrate the eae [7 mark. Page 6 — Chromosomes and Mitosis, Wl chromosomes 11 mark] 12 DNA marty 13 The mumber of subellulr sucess neeasng/1 mar] ‘The chromosomes are doubling [1 mar] 14 Theeyoplasmis diving (1 mark. ‘The cell ema is dividing 1 mark. 15 Theyare genetically identical 1 marl Pages 7-8 — Stem Cells LL meristoms /? mark 12 Eg. plans canbe produced quickly and cheaply (1 mark. are spocis cen be cloned to protect them from extinction mark), Large numbers of idemial crop plants with desirable features eg, diseas resistance, can be grown for farmers fi mar 21 ‘Stem ces ean differentiate into many types of body cell mark. 22. Toinoreese the numberof cells (available for use) [1 mark. 23 Beg. because body cells that ar already diflereatiated are not capable of changing into any oer types of ell f1 mark. 24 Eg human embryos /1 mark] 25 Eg diabetes / paralysis [mark] 26 Beg the cells inthe caltre medium mey become infected with virus that may hea be transferred tothe patient (1 mar. 3.1 ‘The production of an embryo with the same genes asa patient Bark: 3.2 The stom cells produced by therapeu cloning won't be ejected by the patient's body [1 mark] because they contin the same ‘genes asthe pation /1 mark. 33 Howto grade your answer Level0: There sno relevant information. [No marks] Level I: One ar two othcal issues surrounding the use of ‘embryonic stem cells are briefly deseribe, but ‘only ane point of view is given. [t0.2 marks} ‘A detailed discussion of issues surounding the ‘use of embryonic stem cells ie given, including sm account ofboth points of view. Bod marks} Here are some points your answer may include ‘Some people fee that emibryonie stem ell rom human ceabryos shoulda’ he used for experiments since each embryo is ‘potential human life Some people may arpue that there ae other sources of sem cells that scientists could use, so using embryos to create stem cls is “unjustified Some people thik that using embryonic stem cells to cure patients who already exist and who are sufering is more important than the rights ofembryos. ‘Some poople argue that many embryonic stem cells are sourced rom unwanted embryos from fertility clnies, which would probably be destroyed anyway. Level2: Page 9 — Diffusion ‘Warm up carbon dioxide ‘oarbon dioxide ‘concentration = 0.2%| concentration = 1.5% carbon dioxide concentration = 8.0% 1 protein /1 mark 21 The spreading out particles ofa gas /2 mark], esultng in net rnovetnent /7 mark] Som an eres of higher concentration to an ‘area of lower concentration [2 mark) 22 Inereasing the concentration of ammonia increases the rate of dflusion [1 marl. 23. Any two ftom: e.g, the surface area ofthe cell. / ‘The temperature. The distance for dfasion. / ‘The permeability of he membrane. 2 marks] 24 By repeating the experiment and calculating @ mean /1 mark. Page 10— Osmosis 11 ‘The movement of wator molecules /1 mark acros «pata ‘permeable membrane [7 mark] from a region of higher water ‘concentration (a dilute solution) toa repion of lower water ‘concentration (2 more concentrated solution) marl. 1.2 Aplantis absorbing water from the soil /1 mark] 21 Sothatall the pieces of poate have the same water ‘concentration, / Because diferent potatoes will have different ‘water concentrations. [Z mark] Answers 23 (658-573) 373 14.8 % (3 si) [2 marks for the correct answer, othernise 1 mark for correct working.) Eg $%6 [1 mark. Accept a percentage between 2% and 5%] 100 Page 11 — Active Transport 1 24 ‘The movement ofa substance fom a more dite solution toa more coneenrated solution (agains! a concentration gradient) Hi mark. For enerylespiration /{ mak] needs exergy fom respiration [7 marl For growth ff mar). The concentration of minerals is higher aside the plan cells ‘an inte soil ouside he plat cls) /7 mars the mines ‘would move oa ofthe plant eels bydifsin 1 mar ‘Activ anspor! occu against a concentation gadica but ‘isin ocours down aconcetzation gradient 1 mark). Active trantport needs energy fom respiration but cfuion dosnt H mark). “The furtin of oot ir ces is to take up substances fom the soil / mark Root bai css have clongated ‘hai’ tat sick ot into te sol marl. Those bar’ iv he 001 age surfice area for bsorbing substances [7 mar Page 12 — Exchange Surfaces Warmup 1 24 22 23 4 — bacterium 1. —blue whale, 2 — tiger, 3 — domestic Alaye surface area. /A thin membrane. / ‘An efficient blood supply. / Being ventilated. 4 marks) 3 x3) x 6= $4 em! /7 mark) x3 3=27 em /1 mark] 150 125= 1.2/1 mark] '5x 55, because it hs the smallest surface area tp volume ratio /ichas the most volume for the last susface ates / thas the longest diffusion distance tothe centre. Page 13 — Exchanging Substances ui 12 13 ‘A carbon dioxide [2 mark] B= oxygen /f mark) motoenewoues [1 mar] 24 Moscles—comtact fT mark] Gans — serete hormones [1 mark Page 53 — Synapses and Reflexes Warm-up Dropping abot plate. The pupil widening in dim light 1 Reflex reactions are rapid and automatic. (1 mark] 24 -X— sensory neurone ff mark] YY —telay neurone (1 mark] Z— motor neurone fT mark] 22 stimulus — flameffire (1 mark] coordinator — spinal cord selay neurone [2 mark? effectar — muscle /1 mark] Answers 10 23. synapse (1 mark) 24 Chemicals diffe across the gap and transfer the nerve sigeal A marks, Page 54 —Invostigating Reaction Time M (0.16 +0.13 + 0.15) +3 = 0.1466. 115 8/1 mark) Sudent 3= (0,20 +0.22+ 0.19) +3 = 02033, 0.20 (7 marky 12 Studeat 1, Test 3 (043 9) [4 mark 13 Thestudents' reaction times without caffeine would set as control fr each student /? mark). The results from each student’ tosts could then bo compared tothe contro to see if cafeine actually had an effect on reaction time /1 mark) 14 Bg, thereaction times of student 1,2 and 3 willbe affected to Afferent extents by cufTeine due to natural variation between them (1 mark so the investigation isn't far tst fT mark]. ‘Two variables (Ibe caeinated drink and the student) ate being ‘hanged /1 marl, 30 the investigation ia fair test f7 mari, 15 Any three ftom: eg. the hand tat the student used fo catch ‘he ruler. The height ftom which the ruler was dropped. "The ruler used, /The person dropping the ruler. Tae way that tho student was positioned t catch the ruler. / The time between the consumption of effeine andthe test. [5 marks — 1 mark foreach correct answer You wouldnt get @ mack for saying thot the amourt of cffne given to ach student should be the some each time — this was sald inthe question, Page $5 — The Endocrine System LL Glands secrete hormones decty into the blood. 1 mark? 1.2. Hotmones are chemicat molecules. 1 mark 13 Beg. the effects ofthe endocrine system are slower ‘mark. "The effects of he endocrine system are longer lasting A mari. 24 A—pitvitary gland £1 mark] B—tyzoid mark) (C— adrenal gland [7 mark] D—pascres [f mark] E—overy 1 mark] 2.2 pituitary gland /7 mark? 23 Theyacton other glands /1 mart to direct them to release other hormones tha bring about change [ mar] Page 56-57 — Controlling Blood Glucose 1.1 pneseas 1 mark) 12 ulin f mark 13 Temes into iver and muscle ells /1 mark ands converted to lyon fr storage 1 mark). 2:1 Thopanreas produces itor no nsln [2 man) 22 Uncontrolled high blood slcos level /1 mark). 23 Exg-theperson’ diet. How active the person is. 1 mark) 24 Thebody cells no longer respon to the insulin produced bythe pancreas (1 mark. 25 Estactsbahydrat-contolled dist [1 mark] ané get regular exercise (1 mari. 26 being overneight/ obesity (1 mark? 3.1 Theblood glucose cnacentrtion starts increasing a glucose ‘om the drinks absorbed into the blood 1 mark]. ‘The panereas deects a high blood glucose concentration and secretes insulin [1 marl). Insulin causes the blood glucose ‘concentration to fll back Gown [1 mark] 32 slocagon /1 mark) 33, Itinereases the concentration of glucose in the blood [1 mark 34 Glucagon causes glycogen o be converted into glucose and be released ino the blood [7 mark) 3.5 Bag after drinking the glucose drink, the biood glucose concentration would cary on increasing / stay high / nt start to fall fall more slowly [1 marl Page 58 — Puberty and the Menstrual Cycle 11 estrogen (1 mark] 12 ovulation (1 mark] 13 Every 28 days (1 mark 14 uteinising hormone £1 mark) Answers 15 testosterone /2 mark) 16 testes [mark] 21 oestrogen /1 mark}, progesterone [mark] 22 pituitary gland (1 mark) 23. Teemuses an epg to mature in one ofthe ovaries /1 mark] and stimulates the ovaries to produce hormonesloesogen {1 mark} 24 oestrogen [J mark] Pages 59-60 — Controlling Fertility Wamp Homonah Nootborens a — conceive incon as pisssinmmennecevice | con: conse pat gepheagn 11 Asasletahea iy moa 7 marl? 1.2. Thebormones inhibit FSH production [mark 13 progesterone [1 mark] 14——_Testops the matuation/elease of eggs / Tt makes it hard for sper to swim tothe egg It stops any fertilised ope implanting inthe uterus. 1 mark 21 condom /1 mark 22 female condom / diaphragm [1 mark] 23 They prevent the sperm reaching an egg [1 mark. 24 spermicidal agets/ spermicides [7 mark} 25 Avoiding intercourse when the woman is atthe most frie point inher menstrual eyee 1 mar. 2.6 sterilisation marky 27 condom [I mark? 3.41 Eg. the woman does not have to remember to tke the contraceptive every dy [1 mark]. 3.2 Eg the injetion lasts for several months, so i she as any side cfc they may let for along time (1 mar. 3.3 Eig barrier methods donot have the possible side effects sssoviated with aking hormones /1 mark. Page 61 — More on Controlling Fertility 1.1 FSH is needed to stimolate eggs to mature. / No eggs would be ‘released so the woman would not be able to become pregnant mark) 12 Loteinising hormone / LH (1 mark beeause i timalates the release ofan egg [1 mark]. 13 Advantage: eg. the woman may become pregnant naturally ‘vithout needing IVP [1 mark Disadvantage: eg. some womea need several treatments sit ean ‘be expensive, ! Too many eggs may be aimulated resuling in ‘expected multiple pregnancies. 1 mark] 2.1. Themothors givon FSH and LH /1 mark] to stimulate the maturation of several eggs [1 mark]. Several eggs are collected ‘rom the mother and fried by sperm from the father in & laboratory [1 mark. The fertilised eggs are grown into embryos inthe laboratory /1 mark]. At the stage when they are tiny balls feels, one or two embryos are inserted into the mother’ werus 1 mark). 22 ‘Any two from: eg, the treatment may aot work so repeated attempts are needed, which could be upsetting/stressful forthe couple. It eam result in multiple births which ean bea risk othe ‘mother's health./ The mother may have a strong reaction othe hormones (©. pai, vomiting). (2 marks) Page 62—Adrenaline and Thyroxine Warmup Clockwise fom top eft high, inbited, normal, stimulated, low. 11 Thyroxine regulates basal metabolic ate [1 mark) 12 thyroid gland /1 mark) 21 adcena glands (1 marly 22 Bag, itincoases heart rate [1 mark, which boosts the delivery ‘of exygen to the brain and muscles (7 mark] and also boost the delivery of glucose to dhe brain and muscles (1 marl. 23. flightor fight (1 mark ‘Topic B6 — Inheritance, Variation and Evolution Page 63—DNA 1.1 DNAislocated in the nucleus of animal and plant ells /1 marl. 1.2 The structures that contain DNA /1 mark). 21 Genes cade for particular sequences of amino acids [1 mari, ‘which are put together to make specific proteins /T mark. 22 Theentie got of genetic material in an organism (1 mark. 23 Bag itallows ecientss to identify genes that are linked to

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