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Main / Grammar / Complete list of irregular verbs

Irregular verbs — complete list

Below is the table of English irregular verbs listed in alphabetical order.

Irregular verbs are different from regular verbs in the way they form the
past simple and the past participle. Whereas we simply add -ed at the
end of regular verbs, there is no such unified rule for the irregular verbs.
That's why we have to memorize their three forms. You can read a more
detailed explanation of the irregular verbs and do
some special exercises which will help you learn the most common and
a bit more advanced verbs.

Full list of English irregular verbs

Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle

arise arose arisen

be was/were been

bear bore born

beat beat beaten

become became become

begin began begun

bend bent bent

bet bet bet

bid (at a public sale) bid bid

 Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
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bind bound bound

bite bit bitten

bleed bled bled

blow blew blown

break broke broken

breed bred bred

bring brought brought

broadcast broadcast broadcast

build built built

burn burnt/burned burnt/burne

burst burst burst

buy bought bought

cast cast cast

catch caught caught

choose chose chosen

cling clung clung

come came come

cost cost cost

creep crept crept

cut cut cut

deal dealt dealt

dig dug dug

do did done
 Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
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dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/drea

drink drank drunk

drive drove driven

dwell dwelt/dwelled dwelt/dwell

eat ate eaten

fall fell fallen

feed fed fed

feel felt felt

fight fought fought

find found found

fit fit/fitted fit/fitted

flee fled fled

fly flew flown

forbid forbade forbidden

forget forgot forgotten

forgive forgave forgiven

foresee foresaw foreseen

forsake forsook forsaken

freeze froze frozen

get got got/gotten

give gave given

go went gone

grind ground ground

 Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
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hang hung/hanged hung/hange

have had had

hear heard heard

hide hid hidden

hit hit hit

hoist hoist/hoisted hoist/hoiste

hold held held

hurt hurt hurt

keep kept kept

kneel knelt/kneeled knelt/kneele

knit knit/knitted knit/knitted

know knew known

lay laid laid

lead led led

lean leant/leaned leant/leaned

leap leapt/leaped leapt/leaped

learn learnt/learned learnt/learn

leave left left

lend lent lent

lie (in bed) lay lain

light lit/lighted lit/lighted

lose lost lost

make made made

 Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
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meet met met

mow mowed mown/mow

pay paid paid

plead pled/pleaded pled/pleade

prove proved proved/prov

put put put

quit quit quit

read read read

ride rode ridden

ring rang rung

rise rose risen

run ran run

saw sawed sawn/sawe

say said said

see saw seen

seek sought sought

sell sold sold

send sent sent

set set set

sew sewed sewn/sewed

shake shook shaken

shear shore/sheared shorn/shear

shed shed shed

 Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
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shoot shot shot

show showed shown

shrink shrank shrunk

shut shut shut

sing sang sung

sink sank sunk

sit sat sat

sleep slept slept

slide slid slid

smell smelt/smelled smelt/smell

sow sowed sown/sowe

speak spoke spoken

spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelle

spend spent spent

spill spilt/spilled spilt/spilled

spin span/spun spun

spit spat/spit spat/spit

spread spread spread

stand stood stood

steal stole stolen

stick stuck stuck

sting stung stung

stink stank stunk

 Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
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strike struck struck

strive strove/strived striven/striv

swear swore sworn

sweat sweat/sweated sweat/swea

sweep swept swept

swell swelled swollen/swe

swim swam swum

swing swung swung

take took taken

teach taught taught

tear tore torn

tell told told

think thought thought

thrive throve/thrived thriven/thriv

throw threw thrown

tread trod trod/trodden

understand understood understood

wake woke woken

wear wore worn

weave wove woven

weep wept wept

wet wet/wetted wet/wetted

win won won

 Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
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wind
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write wrote written

Are these really all existing irregular verbs?

No, in fact, there are even more. We left out rarely used words you will
hardly hear today like shoe - shod - shod.

Besides, if we add a-, be-, for-, in-, inter-, mis-, off-, out-, over-, pre-, re-, un-,
under-, up-, with- to the infinitive of an irregular verb, its past forms will
stay the same. For example, overhear is the same as hear: overhear -
overheard - overheard. And misunderstand has the same forms as
understand: misunderstand - misunderstood - misunderstood.

Why do some irregular verbs have more than one past

form? Should we learn both?

Like any other modern language, English is constantly changing and

transforming. First of all, there is a difference between British and
American English. Some verbs are irregular in BrE but regular in AmE.
For example,

learn — learnt — learnt British, learn — learned — learned

American
dream — dreamt — dreamt British, dream — dreamed — dreamed
American

Therefore if you learn British English choose -t between -t and -ed: learnt,
smelt, knelt, dreamt, dwelt etc.

However, there are more complex cases. Sometimes the form depends
on the meaning or on the collocation in which the verb is used.

The portrait hung on the wall.

The criminal was hanged.