a)a| 23 UNIT T ? Semicondudlor amd diode © Feta gonintate? | “ Casicolly . ut ae he OA * areug lero & Te feriedic table . But @xbon we mot used only Si oma Ge ame une? as sett con dusters + charge copoue Fenseetor (Blain; , subto) ~ Temic Bord, ty gar cham crrien Tondo — Cretat) ~ Hetaltic Bond - e Sumicondutor (Si, Ge) ~ Guatmt Bork. € § hole - Bord Shenay. : ce | fondudion band Eg -5 Forubiddlem wenorgy pp: V8 | Valence gad Ttalolior ad suey — vorduder ef lebuaty B calbd wmsplatr - The we a tage — forbeddn amd gap Tot efarctln he fel. Nolen. ouguen Geom the vocant —conduuslion Lard, a You anomple + Gtanrord ° : oO , 4, E eee a uy Sigh ee ge ve Eq Q spd alema bard. ve efunnp Ie ulearon fom \ . do to confuttion bard , mio im OR im ulakortRegnicemalnston « | The sserbstamer = these condudundly Min bdawn ciopulotor and ondalL & callid somicrnducter - The rolouck = - tease fededdem emugy opp vette! Cx ley) is Old = bem conductor For uxampe : Ge & sc Frey — easellyrt — comdiullor of ehaicity uk calli Mela - Mecarcling so umegy amd diagram, th -condudr bard acl erwegyy arch cynlap och othe + Gurnee ametad for fx bition 50 By BBlyG — auwcey arab eheeie fel , conduction ui Possible . Fox escormpy | @ppe - p 6 f XX |v owtlap - Vb Enero Goh Sgtae ae mate sox geok «ondudor and -whdions ave aoe fos in condudicn bank and. atene tan - . de T+ 300K yo teodefeny & nfenes Bam amd cordliadion fam fe dus to euntofpory coffeint of ientitanes am emf ce retold how thr foiauig “tempest LMOLDL ; Avstome imotcases C) kg Re Semmbcondluches : dé T= 0K C8 ag ae { . a Fa { = and. Fol de ox, deduam , concerbvalin os 0 and thuefore cordbucaly wh O° Semitordustor oe insulator’ at OF GE T= 200K" ce, fe Eqnley Fick eo %2° qualent) Bonde x Lrcoken' + Hanefore a aust Be ¢ hemp vratese . a sao Lompcalore : dediuen carnd — Stolen ave womelasclortty wend conductor at sem by Ge Se ° O.785ev lev bg- : : Too O-.Ta ev Playve Rince emegy gap od away Lovige, me 2” cam eon fieom. acum — Bamd te comdluncdigin tank f thuvefow oll ¢ as au had conductor & echecbixcdy Ae merrell tuerking Lomprriln, 7/3/23" enouy fandle . Si(m) ~ 15° 257 is” 2p “as “ap” S=2 pre eee ! meme ne Cm feta apa ( Geitat.oredat ef st) oe aN s cheabors an orale Velen obit. apr 2N 2N 6N 2N ON arc suachis sqpib brim tshen 35 amd ap Reps om ceowonrga, aL seul Bh wale dwe bands —valene amd —cordheitliot parr 2 acpasalad by | Gotten snag goP whee Pou uw me on, EeSadoted, walons — sae Brought “tegethex te froma sold: Sy Sn weld, the flit emexgy ek ' fous tottus shard wmwgin Sue eomsidlye A otema , chou sill be QN, AN, 6N, 2N, CN Hlalles - Gta storms axe rough lox togittin, she 39 and 5p Bane mos ord they mange le sume some Oftis eam of Bs amd 3p tortarts gn) cola later « da diitama — Betauem atoms ofprcoches thy eajuldBraun , intexotemic vspoamg ute si, his fond fits anilo 2 tamde , vefarclid By wmuegty . go 4° hie ubpey shame vs tale — cordudlign Band) temtouns 41 tat, ord te vl Band us called aolene bard vontouns 4N stalls - AN state ] oasis Londuclion Send(©) Pemicondustor ee cLvimbic semixonduuder (No- of = Alo of fot ) cemiconduito axe WY gious element chewy 4 waleme Lelion. || “Votene band — comtarms maui mumbo of 8 wleitxons roy a volume © ~ a TOK { oe) ARE. [ee SE T- Ei CLT aia , oi \ ve <—} FuldSfilxinset — Semicondutton wat OK vb Porky imsclatb- . & de T= 200K, a Covalent Bord fas Ben . Broken , seul ousle Sick faux - Th eledien = unl gems ve whe vendudion Bard amd tenduilnily imownse ond + Sil ait ema =) dhe waluna bard « . Hey i eiforadl ae athe effewrnny of © ui te br eRe tovalemt bord « She tanditim So situate ternioncluer fae pone (a -e7 pe Role, me daibunee cass amasttvalton:) - as\?? ob acbeinge Femivendudtee Gf ome imfuadly 1b Bepe vin india eemicemductoe, her walled cottciate — Kermiicondiuition - odiMsiC S.C. | nna Cone) poaype CAcapton,) Me liye + SG fentowalent irmpurly ub deheg than he sasattart , bya Semi condudir 4". m- Lyfe * For eocanfa + i T=0K, Bue o Katt 5% - sound by pentavatort impurityGoro enitgy Saal is oected gest. Blan Ste conn Bara, Boney emougy aul wi dutoedte eneegy fouel and H tebecreng he emoegy — Lewd of alk ty ffertavalant, atoms oddid “ty he fuse veermicondludter* Ofe addidicral wnugy sequuad Ye ditach te fag hn ffm ih othe, vi pal toy Ge and 0.05 ev for Sc- 5 MET=OK, the 5% heduen hall whe stoupuselty alomn Vie conchitign er m~ tyfe S.C. : : Change ovr © 5 me er wot take pant cn candiuion) decoding to Law ef whadnica® medualty 2. ° = + p Np = hlen% com - . ms No ckebtor cone: Ey tots we wr, &]The sinfestly otem afc domaliig whiten uvil Become a2 D fos sin msde won sey i= ouster fabie , 2O5ev fexsi If Biivolemt imbusidy i dofed win wnibiuinsle werndcordneli Aken the veeoulluig SC ao po type. For semanmpb sg, Ag, Gd, In- eer Beater emoigy aut i ectliny isl aboud tia vale Gare deafter emngy lout GB dboul werwgy lout and it devils + the wrnigy Lawl f ol? hy tu'volenl ater adda te Lhe fuse seem condustor ae T= 306K awry danpavedy atom wld be Aoveng one oe fone p- Life ve tolled a6 cacerpter « Majoruly cosouns are Lol» amd mimorly eosviiois Aree ceelrors Londilion for po Type soe Bas me ze me . ckcorclnig de” low & wehedical meu ahily * Pe Nate P>>m (Pe Nay SeC4) Bvul sc C8) Sndinil sc. Sm dou Sc. Sach 08 Gollhium aisemide, am hesbeon wt the. condudhen bor cam fell cation mbt, stat an alent tnd “-qiuing ff hs emongy Ey sn a freton f Sight: "Fox cca: Sc hight emillox amd fase. Taq idl 6.6 euch as Sileion , cam eledron jp thy condue Lor bom cammat pl duiedlly Jo de salena Bond must wendngs the cmomenfum Champ as _ juuellas changing wh wnegy slot Le aray ge tome Life abn Ex suithin tte ord GaB Sy indie, condatin,, fortShae. wt . e ~quied 00a shoot de de _ cGy ws ONIT IL = Oiiode whl?” pn facie i, Seemiates Gaels x petten Sheesh. * Furdun © Giule oe poceTtat efenion ten ™ Ganth, fbentiol entact, gotertuit, (Yo) <— Me wn juin ll te fp lee a, esi Sofa - onset baum — Syfe amd Nye SC: : shin Sage oi oad ac Ain oi tows tty | feunebon Aefidion hays worst 4 lay us alse olla pace chav efter shay orsss & - oe. vor Cocaftor tvs ov wth, p ache cand. fostbin woe (damon vom) om thu) cide * iin Sgr alt Jul mini sin oun te een ie dia, ef eoplin Mayor te 0 xh Te ormyef Ol Am to | Mane ee vpostudlis Lefton saqion of DaniitionShe deflation wagon ST a ion nt sto the Coping Concorbestion o¢ th, smo ~ tightly doped ide Ga pom funtion * We @ « | eying | * the moumal deed» (fi inhensily ti arascianim ab She rit [ijomt fhe on wibion ide of tie, eutuan armel \“ sseqeon fd witlemity | ath Boro - as ye | vohwo Es = Ltidoucal foomttiity Gg x: \ | és = Go = 8.954 x16 F/m- |) eee ee a a €y= WF Br sé amet 16 fx Ge- @: tpt yy, Eo €y Rela Vo = V1 fm NaNp a | WH Fe ve a ma fool — 2apstavalert voltage = 0-0a6V | ok eu ale see NW deait squat | Sipe of inn + a t- Ne Bias = 7 | ? OOOO S fwarl Dur a - " DOS 3. Reuse Bian - ooo afm ths PN fein dia 000 Sn Lung tondlin Ure fs uckiage | ma soctounal patie L___oPoo ON © Reduchor in the fotertiat (13) set Barwior - Fox si diode > o1V amt Ooo P 219,08 fee Ge dieds = 0-8Y, potential laoe@ bovvuixe deouas , amd chow & o ES0|0000 aan ; =e Kew an —eaovent _———— * Offers trast suaistame * “f . “pm asieti * Ty - Ie [et7o")-4] foward seinen Com AD 7 = viewombiralign factex- Ts > Keune taluvalon easel (44) Ys PGE and 2 fr sé a © Guwxsemt motcases <— Fouad cuswiont * sled » amd dhe rue obtained ub mon Limense a6 the voltage applied to dhe diode Guexcoms VI hastactousliis Re ra ™ VE the Petertedl basudiee Ty (ua) H Voltage: Mr hed diode vochoue (oon Ve 20.1V Moumally, amd Wa rut 7 t suite flan, as the cade ~ ‘o reterercy jaeaoe acttage umnouases » and the Eeoos lnaae'o ceva obtained vs Merieaw - > er sy high site 7 me aly > hang sous hicks G © date nat ios * , wchosegt eastians ee — Ps te mmajeratiy Vy ehadiom layer Ly ro: "dn imeuny sin the Polertial bauu Hause vedlwrcion cvvient flows in tu sbugimnuing ab mimouly wasn, ane pnd ia oh jumdion « son a fi it A hit mimotily — chaxys uit favs simouased inde OFSoffal the majeiely — args» Cfhie wis che skoge tafhun ilhy die | Brae down + Lhe emnay also deitioy the dade » ° odefldion sugion > Became athun ve a scemsitly produnl aviese-t cfamtln lan wut initially Affine to Te sup arxow Wis stumndion »f vecticon To te Left (ue su tad the Powline Pols vefuih meutiabied the aceftor sons ment We funition wn the P- cafe Jaulion Rau disappeared as a vunalt of tombinalicn with ehetuor, §— erhuch, Prom duffustel waco” the fimtdacn «1114. the ceeabroLiiocg whition, mn We m- cthfe wsclicon Fae combined with — fol, eofuich Slane ouessedd fia jumttion from. ha p amie Sing te eeqeon q th purnttion us Aft cnite Sogo, tk ceaflad, the — sagion - tale” 9 The Fume = Mou * The diicabuiluen ( oun a sang fp allastenengy Souls sat Thwumat sequen ds vupecsented by BIE) ae a 1+ e Er) /kr ese £Ce) = Fumi ditoe ciBlaibtbn fa Ke Bettymana constos’Toe fuovchion f Ce), the forte “yeoe. schabicisition function ("8) quis BL fcbabilily at am wail, umogy ufalt at € “suit Be coupe ly \ cam ahestnom ot absclite femperaline T- Ep = foume duu + an serwcegy Akal ak fourm’ hut has a pucbobility of Self f OT eceufiid oy am eledton $e) ~ 1 ahatiiom art occupy ob The allie lies 2 ! a gre stempsalwe wi Renown wm Ye fem aut - $e) eC & fu Eg NOES avr fu dt T20K, the — didloubulion takes a viedamqulon pulse at TOK , aa i f@)-—5-71 CEZE) neGeVve * Gre f@)-_' so Cedeg Di : 106 Me hi, cxtamqulan distcbition simpleis “Who at TOK, ary sabifobts — umnigy stats flo Eg fill sth wfarnon re ll uttalin cabo «Ep ome emmy | phe ab TeTr, Tow ub woine HK ctemp: Sighs “tan OF ; ; vaboun Ep ae Elli ard tue ps. Grbalty Ce) ve haysMe “ef uobolitity [1- ¢e)}] Bat Aloys helo FY am | | FO) wh the vpoctasitity ef efeuforey of am avilable ht ot p her uf tho us mo quniloble emvgy lal at E + Thun, Me Prcbabelily of fertony sledyon = Ee iii: 21479) Ev $e) 1% Yq: @) Fateimsi. Se. P 4@) 1% 0 Hg: CB) m- tHe . | 4¢) t% ° Gq Ge) PRThe epee Auvabilion qamelion cam be sauedl to cobealat me. von fc amd soln cin womivondudg 7p thu dann of sovaitably lat wn the condluation famed amd. valium fared wu Anown - e and hele one at eqpifiisum Tie comes fe um onduchion Bard us quer ay - a Je FE) nce) at foe Ce) = demsily of Abe Ceri 3) Te foun’ fuundlucin ub asctuenrily wsoroll foe ange wmorgeis di te tus te roduc f Ce) Ce) deocones viabedly abour. Ecard fn © ail Be wekidvig, ab ov he prubability of fording on erry tate CAels ) ob wolera hard = C1-f Ce] desaree oeofidly Blow € and most hole. wtal, eon We top of waluna band Ne = Ne f CEe) Gd: a (CO! eaa vcore: of © un conduction Band > quam By - ae Cee-Ee)/pr ( Zadminme 8-c-) | ome fei demsily of vitals Ne quart oy ~ 2 Ne = 2 [2%mA kT fe see he ‘ohio Mn = m2 2 Na-Ne nn-noy* ,] * HI _ ane + i | mn 2 2 Ne it Foc imbue — bemicemduilor , m=b=Mi , Na= Np =O |i) ot enhance §— termi conduitor, i fer n- Safe , mM & No | b= mee 2 ME | wv No | | & iN Ope ype PE Ma | I : me mers ae?kuorningiin 4 Ee - fot datvunace SC, m= p Cv Ee) f Cev-Ee evt htt eee a/Kr Goluing ft Ec & Ee + Ev ep. we) a Hy. Nez? (um my" . . = —_ = . a) = “6 “ Ese Ete, 8 by gm & Ser coduinse fem conductor : Fee a TH ey tp > -e ron (4 =-Kt & (e -) “Ei KT tm (8), No dd Nees ND >> mE NADY ND Ec eee = KT tm (NA me Nad? me Cee at asin compl coped witli 10" As atoms /om * hoe Mee kqpivalent hele Ts at 300K , wahuwe & Ep weclilung ute Bee &y Me = 15 x 10° Jem? ot | room \tomperalive C300K) K- aex 10 /K No = 10" mp = me * (ecrhing* to Vow & ross axis)No p= mi * Ga 2 ¢ _ met (15 x10") Lom 2 Crake 7 een No lo "am? b= 2-95 x 10" oni? Ee ee - eee ee ee Er-te 2 kT gm () % a - See 0 Onto Qe mie uifel2z - Ser a Se vamp —anaiat aimed a ro the ford Rewwl és Hecated 0-259 ev abou Tht athe ’« Leusl . Ee Ee-€£ = 0-264 ev: Coe kano Er-€i = KT eae on By Ri -29 0-259 = 1 BBX1I0 x 300 km No TSx10", oy un iar) 2 ORS Le 23-4 3 1:38. x10 x 300 256K 10 cy = 6-256 xX lo(33 E = kr Ce) @) a Tor ene ey 9259 =0.0 25% om ey) mai), =5 km No 40 me 2 nama mi s 10 No = 15x10 ee" *, Hon ? No = 8-3039 X10 Vem”? ‘tue aus , : mb =m 2% pe mr 7m my “9 ? pb Crexie lev = 16x 10 3. 303.x10't -F p= 681818. 18 - a > b= 68x 10 um > * Femiconduloe fA os a band gap f fev, eahelt wert conductor 2 fav a Bard gap f 2eV. tat ws ihe Ytalio of aribuinsie Foe neater Ctr tome, alice, a araicual eat cce kg eee ‘amy diffowne, win the enol fie arasses mye meaficksel « aE bol a: = [neny @ Veer “% Min 2 @ AKT -2 Meg = @ UK oY “4 min Piel c heer tev Ane A, Fs a nig tatyy] Nea | “Ex 138 x16 x 300 mee - | MA =. Je arg nea | y Wt onan [3 sypaict coemicerduiier fas am snitthimaie ca80ue come, |] tates IX emi? ot Book. Fy Aran comduchion ee “Alone famd tft clomid data Ne and yy Goth ansnt | 10"? wmi * > AOL athe amd ae Ey? (6) H the veemi ee defect with Ao = 1x 16 “dane / ay hol ae the capil Beiurr leilion amd fele conceribncilisn at goo Kk? CO SE She bam pia f wemterdudn alwuncdy Rauing Jp = Vx 16% denow /uom? 4 tho dofed wiih Aly * 2x16" accebtos fon wihiat axe he mew aauulibuie alecdiam and Fee. conanttuctiy Sees 2kep at 300K? Mee \Weny e° Mer | . wo 3 & Nt = x10 ea T= acox NesNe = 10 cen a a hace, ao ms } | ey, =$ e “> £a eS =? E m7 aKT fog 4 a 9 Teen vl =S Eq = - 2% 4:0259 veg ob E , hooey Vie 3B 900518 x vag Ig-* Eh. = 00518 x4 ev sy © G= 04662 ev ae) s ts 2 a PD No > 1x10" termes Ler dipietne 6 ne No b= ') = txt ens Cixio) mae : (xi) - Ixigen > Cixi , o 0) Nope inoue ecm a NA ax io" acct few * ca, oft ie 2 Dh ip ek pee ad es fae (1842) | si txl0 + LoTix tole.Ifame Zine cecde : Sfecially designed that mocks um seurse iad condilion . Kener aide un sfecually designed. dics aafuih uuwrkury en vei, Based — condiiluin « Sou mowmal sdiede * Tez bueokdown 4 dipde 3 Yee ae ae Fomine rolinge seid f eavigelte decd do conduut heasis, and stwoumt bequns the dmouon safety un 2 Fhasrg west teakage escent + bell gee sasount — frucduad em suunyy' biased corclilien wclamage lie sdicde . At duckdown four, fhe sare a QBocokdoun ¢ on Buakdounmn rd a havige eumount ef tovount flous | erage dinedtuon* By vabplecetion of yeu, fotembiat or Breokdoun fount * died ie — fuméuon Become Arcam ex Bovranamtty daw Ute died «armel sot Ths sAreaRdown yotlage ceva Longe ret batwetien .ovvienl — fous -Hechamusi : 2. dvolamche vbuakdeuwn S SY ep Lemur btealowm 2 6Y pi fortis (dus to sdirhe sheTou fle ' he Beedusud ) ie (ord Ape — Tuna t= Abin Jagr Vre Audlem? changed fost lina Ske. its ou, dion Cteuatent bond desenpr? os ee fae ws oualed- ¥ gous K Ev = . Ail, “ote son Ti seumulatrin —frtowe ig selualamche cbstaReloun mechanism “Ochna. fumittion dade vy Suuvoe Liand chow 1b moumatly a vue barton aunt Ts flows * tohem Auf Cecrilty imounsed , the femal cue «= eesoumt flows - Ntouy mall ie same eltage us Asucks down and a large Tdvalangu bsokdoun : A moumally qeroralid weanuer fails down he fumehin — Havioe amd vacaysous etary GPhone he “O2’ we corcucting , the flow of uworert 2? will & ThXougfont He PE ond. ‘e.', Slareuphout ~ aux Fath ape, i/p vettage- “Biro tan 9 Mee Pan foward B, Dw RB The flow of Cuwent tivougficut “ay vi cho sinks edn threaghad tur amd -ax eth style of He ofppead ile wottonf Tivelpe, wthe De ofp altaye Mike Vout = 4RL cam de cbtained actors The &.J . a ange, Efe = haps vase We meteamnp that’s sconsinsliel sity, Aude aoe Steseitoxe ohish ceip seusay a pordion of tte Smful sigral esiton - Aietiig ce sumauning fort of Be afi wnuforn- See ag: Fah wwous vredefioe * A é A foe ipo ip: C1) Sein CO Salus ; CY Comathe | “ : Z + — >|—+ aput ahsemed. Mat f ‘t% 7 : 7 i ahoam ideal VE A ge Ya -~v : q hed? _ Catat” | fe % Fox sé” Lect: % = Veo Uy Vo= eV ve * Cyn Tro ts v0 el + vm * ee ve we UAT hs abe Ve BAe be BS ve | bane. - eo [Sie eae ips defined 1. Fetenlify + ao wwollage ub sum De coed | 2 Feary tolvw the communal — awuumt cheoeclion Plows Aincugh athe ded + B> Babvorune te opp vellagy’ Dat nll susutt oma charge tas fe te Bible fam te off to on stan, . | Fouad. . diasel at, ar, 0 ose sunt —5 shoa : (avait- Bow the output wolkane croup fed Bulow She infor >) Pavol ope, oe a Postui Lappe € caf) v C vw t a Te +e fun) ¥ YY? » ae Lode { vt =e : o- ° mi re tue bal titi ill be) clipped. ansay Bawing the mgd olf - eye itn Be awue. Biased. altig’ tite an ohn cite * Buuvieg thy ose self syle, det Apuaind Bland, uly Lbs & ho stintint * (vem + 0) Eramfte : ye te Vie O1V Mi 2.0, Ve = Vé-g.y | Wi slo, Vo = 93 Spon wousVeo ON oe tL ~ Vae* oy t Amuedal wane (Peat. nts.) +93 Vo = Vi -o-7 : Vi-0, Voz-o-1V Vizio. Vos 4-3¥ We=O-TV Yo = OV : 28/5 |23- B- hect ethe Gutpet cruifoem foc athe chiffon eoxeual aheewm on Taat ducde av “a ©+ —*|![F4<}- 4— _ D oS Yo Erwung 0 to Wa Crue bali cys ) Vo = (Vi - BV Sf ve = 20 = Go-ay Fi NS 4 : ¢ , then, vi = 0, Vor -3V Viz 3V, Vo = 0 oBusurg Te to 1 (ued Vo =~ vi. 3 Ve = - 20 Vo =-26-3 =-a3yee oBuswig, Oto Va (+d iM Vo w= Mem B+ Vc v= Vir 3 +07 = We-.2+3 Wr 2 oy Vo + /-2ar | Ve = BV : Vo = OTY eBaxxorg Theta Tem? Vo = -Vi-3+0°7 Vo =- We 22:3 Chum vi = 207 Vo = -20-2-3 => 22.34 bv ——a fpr — + Bunimy 6 ty V2. eeu Mos wet vero, vo-F ve = OV" VoagV, Vee ASV “Me= 20V,HOS, oy eQuswig 0 to 2 Vo = vet 5-0-7 Me e443: eC on Re j= 50 Vos 4.3V Vo &-o-1 7 ve = 20V You 24heav Buusairg Va 407 Vo =~ Wi+4-3. Viz 20Vv Vor - 15.1 uring 0 to Te Vo+ Vitd Viz, Vor S¥ Vez 20M, Vos a5y Owveang Th te Tv Voc Mots 7 . \ Ve 2-5, 4-0 YO26, & = SV Ve = -5y vo OK) Buliymine Vo, Te, To KVL, EVs Sie. Ousung Ole We “ Ves Ue r5-6-7 Ves 20, Yo = 24.aV633K Y= Oo7TY T 10-07 43 0:38 0-38 T= Toy +Zpe Ss T= 255, Fo, 2 2a8 = y’ eye ae | G+ Gatecmiere the seuvvterb oT, Tz and. hou — am Ra = 6.6K RTs V- Vopr Vpy re To by 9 = OFdp se 071f,- F614 AW / yn [oo e Vo om. Nn velone cheof aos Us g call fa Vo- -G7 = 28.13 mA: Ip: = Ip, he} “Lk 41D, +0 $331, tp 7 -e 5ail 1% Laser : A amor 4s a mekcuork construed af > desde, esshor arc a seafacitor that whife a caufoum — to diffowemt Br -leusl suited, —ancyig the -afftosame of te” cabpuid yor bel Coegial wo Vet ° ae Vv Stes to wet asmune elasmfor 2 1 Stat tte alysis for, iow ate np. iat fenton ios the dude» 2 sOwncig the sfoticd, “he eid ob py ON ae, thy, coil ull change imstamtamecusly . Lapasdtor wat doe Oe fuk vale of V° F Lusang die oss, hen th ate i de OFF ot othe ofaciton Feld te «change 4 Cet ate analy maitin, te statin and i * (pity ope ves v ae Ly-ys Ve => ver-a¥ft suppty ao waxiabl toad on fy Gre | ood and anal fly 1) VE anid ieee. utes 2) Audovmne Fe oltag actors the Zum cleede uy stemour a a weve +i) HK ys Vz , . @& Kent chet. ie OFF, then the often. exes equivalent mradel. Bubstc tut ed : CB) Gusto. He equivalent euiout anol ur for dlusixed ammo” Sime. the = Zemut— dade. ts. OW R->IR Vi = V2 plait Tes Ietre Tez Ie-t, hoe T, 2 Me, Tee" | Ven Re R Re She fous iss Baio asios Tom dine Po 2 VeTz 2) Fésceed ve 2) Bitumen the minimum fool. oeritoma at oul Lowe tis Gm dus «ON, ~— Caheuit, th aolue of Re at [ow nsf tage Ve=Vez - vee Ve = felt a Rt ReVe - Ve Mfc max. ~avorenit mq thot Re Tt, hk lows mar — = Re Rema Tree the Kemer Lid is ON” De uothage U0 R Ai fy Ve = Vi-Ve te e 2; Te - Ve wor Be: R = Bie mer — cvsueort , Tes Ipg-l | | Tuma = Ie- Team 1 || lead Stesistamee ys Ve | Re max = Te min I} 3 Fisad Re amd —Voxiaba Ve Ton fined — rales of Re, the wattage Ye ameust & suffi Jorge te wen he Tame dads GQ)? ono voltage FN) Ves + mum Te menianu™ A- wb detwumind by : = Ve = Re Ve RARE = ChtR Ve Re : u Ve aninSt, amor etalon f VE is Gevibed” by Te (@é Dae Ig Te Ramee = Tout Te She max alas of Ys ee Ye mas = Venax + Ve Vemae = Teme R +Ve * Scrat, tucde samt LED (Besttome )Cituory > The echetthy diode Bo tif ef ma at dernicorduslon giurithen chs chit, tb cole sRmoum os har canoer, hoe acttage diods — % — ethctty Boxee dicks’ The ecthy cds * by a yeendicn of 3 deticorduden with, a meal: Gehetihty — Auecke offes fox weuitdhing adion ord Saw a fou Fouiord toltage cep etal, iu Plotimum ox AL are used. instetd & P- tufe eermi cordustor + lie U-T Char athsi.stive + Gemilax wo the PN Yuélon dicds dred. Cossemt us he defendant wosiabs afuile veltog i . a Fouandl we the simdafperreendh wosiabs wo the i Gort Shanty died, . The forward wottage — S— ay duh of tr — Gchellty face Lou s), CRharackoruabi Btteaum 0-2 do 0-3 wots: Bering + Obferolien sels on pruimerp eifat ss wis on diffoert cwatoicale eur caffoeeme fotenink U4" A asbe bemicorcludor, Faw Aighor ateribed mixgy, Barn Msbrone metal, Tefen ttn tao Brought. le qonitad, Dive 2 aGQ Orkermine Vy fer the Mekuurk — sfjccum Bye me Undicated: cs [AE taut 7 f 2 vi Ot orl Ea Ve tov }_, -— ve 5 nN Z ‘ ° fe te ts ty ae J — freon 2 y = Roy f-—— p- ’ ; . tte ta ; “Vo + Ve -5 =O : Ve = 5th +5Y —) c— Ve = 25V 20425 -% =o Vo = SY(49 Alalaa~ 8 Fx a Bn wdusile meteaoek shou am The fae eon Vy Var Tr iand Pe- a Veen 0 tz ka : TS beeen Ad. Vie vite © Reve R+Re 2 Yes axsohx ie 102+ b2 x10? ce eres iay) ViZ¥e =¥ inet duals off The oun oem: Iz -0 Pps Ve-Iz Eo Ves We-Vv Mer 16-873 Va = 7: 21V Rie 3fQ ard ech G Baume He 8ha ant Hid oak Va va Tran Pe (pe ate comme sk uh a) tv = ev . Rt Re axio x 16 oo+ 3x10?Viz iRv? Vara NV VE Ved ‘zona heed i on = Ve = 16-12 aKa zeTe Sod aetaV Gini=aar aa |yzz (ty —= wo : , BKQ 16 - IRR +10 = 9 PF TaRce, REx 7 Tre 26. 163 s Tr = 26mA- 1 plyiog Kyl um “wccond eof: “16 4 TeX 8K2=0 | r 3 TxZKQ =10 ' 3 Tr. 12 8x 164 > Ty. + 8 83mA- Iz. I-Ie a Tz 22.67mA. Va = Iaxk 3 a: Ve = 26X10 X 1X10 Ve = 26VWs ve Tix Re BP Yt = 3.33 ¥16 x 3x10” | > Mi = lov | Pe = tw | Fe aerate x 10% - poe | Pe 0-2267W PP FRET MW yD 6.) For fe metwoR hewn wit ego: difouinione De! garg: Re amd Te thot ull susule om View Berg creuntaind. at IOV Ve Rg mane Coin) VR Ka Ie WW \ ts T= In TT Re Ve =10V TzH=2me : (+ Tem / Io? 10 10" te 40| Ten = Goma - 1 LI CR #RD Y. Be Ve anim = sy6) | : k 28: ito un FO seoclfn : er Lafaator : d dont ov Cao seid) © Sarg 1 ay 4 apaalin tak be aoe fok woltage Ven 5 Yom ont el vadued yn ssetom day ine D, all Sccome eeused fo 7M SC wilt chp again (vm) De open, £8.) wif discharge : TF ay Vy DO 4 Cened galt Vde =, Von - V> (pp? : p.c: 2 TD ttined eeapastor dithoges tfyeugl tal fe qe ; ae day seas a ¥ Cobain . foe omloat dv. co de 7 de we co dh de av = Vy (pp? dy = _Vm- Ys dy, xe Re dv = pid 3 ve (Ph) = dl 2 Vel) = a In cok tei- & Cihongtgs 24 O Ve Cpp) a tp the peat, Ven 7 } an vie 7 le: 6. =3 We Cppd= et = dt —® —s Ta T a ey valpp) + o ® Veo =Vm — VEEP» Vm. Vem 2e 4fck Van = ls des Vm (+ ue)Fa Tn , Im drmwuica , Frade we 50H* : hrrnpon 60 1§. Find te alos f aaboatn ft welling Vn Che) 2¢r CO LO af. Ver wale ft accondony seks {tp loan hamefprsmen Vn =10V, hy = KD fora Full cools vedic 7 aa \ oh Vr CPP) = loo’ of Ve- Vr(p2? =10 x10 100 XN Velpp) = Iv Vde = Vm - Vv (bp? 2 Vde= J0- 19 “2 Vde= gy: 3 Cs Var- 2f fee Cb) QA: tan, ALO. av Ce EO os ee © 2x SORIXIO XE « CB ani a 100 AF . ae : . :\ one Lig, walt, (oi, Fin Plades Dg ' ¥T- tH \ / piv. L - \ De + —aa v Ve. — Ve, (7 siov ~ 25V 5° tue Pall vegets | Dy “ont Dy wut Ae forward biases y — L Gucomts Ve. - | mut al fe: 8 ald Do wilh be feeward bused if | : 2 ounomn Vb» so sing, ye die fet 10V (ave) “5 Cee) che diode & silt LOT = 19-1V (rw) ~ Gt0-1) 2-5-1 Cu) -E Vo VetVz2 ° -(Vet Ves) ’+ Veq ub brcakdesun uolkag of Da x Var wb breokfown noltage of Di 3(ortver) (07122) }UNIT fe Senn Tiamitons Diasnsistors (2: BIT £ Hester) Sruaily, dofed a * . 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Vout ee. Ven pe Te ie PBs (aun % ampli.) CY ei Te uty RBC seimenn amplifiox ) vs @) Fatusalein —L Tey ahada. / Cehosed, sit i) saul. off + eg. : : . . * Te € Ie Copen suideh) _{~ mer Gataation 5 Maxine. ., fe Lemmon - Bare oe: Gane fr tte Que tormnmor |* 7 Co = Te 8 + (fe o ee vee a/p : Te, Vee ay Loofe! s) Vep! Corsten) a( P| Gexattouis Vee t Kma wvelbage (Sr coe) ( Cae = 0-30) amy ft a SL" ak te choralng font g ae Te, Vee ~ Glin Berton sl Tes 3 ma Ie Canstent) Tes ama - Vee roll Tes felt te WG en skal rytetnye Bisset, Te» "Lamjy + Level Tmajoaty = 0° Te > TD, pty Yor = O-T¥ 2s oma. : 7 eg = OF ‘ - mie Teint e| ae) ea Y ge see = oR oN Te . T/P 7 ' ( Gots amplification factor Coun spun for @mamon fas anfigurcitcn )pe = Ale, Ate Cres Teg-Jer r Tea -Ter " Baning cfoston | oe, anol oe wu aban imatily same. on Emmetin, a fen, Te =O eosotemrt lousy és das ta + minerily Charge cartier . Fo suc caw, hy ano, statin: Tey Tegy, Tewo o~ callder Jo ase wun cam cermin a fem ° HK eomoritin vs met, ofun, Te = Te majouty + Teas Te = Te + Fees " Gowvmem . Ennis Lon quran meds ane ag cabbiefo = 24h Je =1uin Ye-0 Vee Te = Jet Tp Te> dIet Tee ae (tet 10) + Tees Te = xrerate t Tees (4-4) Te = ele + ceo te = ()m4 (+) te Ie. foee . allio one, Then Bax 36 fm, — reent re . | us fovined as eee