Biosfera
𝙰 𝚋𝚒𝚘𝚜𝚏𝚎𝚛𝚊 𝚎́ 𝚞𝚖 𝚜𝚞𝚋𝚜𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚖𝚊 𝚍𝚊 𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚛𝚊 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚒𝚗𝚌𝚕𝚞𝚒
𝚝𝚘𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚊𝚜 𝚣𝚘𝚗𝚊𝚜 𝚍𝚘 𝚙𝚕𝚊𝚗𝚎𝚝𝚊 𝚌𝚘𝚖 𝚟𝚒𝚍𝚊
𝙸𝚗𝚌𝚕𝚞𝚒 𝚝𝚘𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚘𝚜 𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚟𝚒𝚟𝚘𝚜, 𝚝𝚊𝚕 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚘 𝚘𝚜 𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚝𝚒𝚟𝚘𝚜
𝚊𝚖𝚋𝚒𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜 𝚎 𝚝𝚘𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚊𝚜 𝚛𝚎𝚕𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚘̃𝚎𝚜 𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚎 𝚜𝚒𝚖
Biodiversidade
𝙳𝚎𝚜𝚒𝚐𝚗𝚊-𝚜𝚎 𝚙𝚘𝚛 𝚋𝚒𝚘𝚍𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚘𝚞 𝚍𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚋𝚒𝚘𝚕𝚘́𝚐𝚒𝚌𝚊
𝚊 𝚟𝚊𝚛𝚒𝚎𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚊𝚜 𝚟𝚒𝚟𝚊𝚜 𝚎𝚡𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜 𝚗𝚊 𝚋𝚒𝚘𝚜𝚏𝚎𝚛𝚊
𝙾 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚒𝚝𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚋𝚒𝚘𝚍𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚎-𝚜𝚎 𝚗𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚊𝚙𝚎𝚗𝚊𝚜 𝚊́
𝚍𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚟𝚒𝚟𝚘𝚜 𝚖𝚊𝚜 𝚝𝚊𝚖𝚋𝚎́𝚖:
𝙰́ 𝚟𝚊𝚛𝚒𝚎𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚐𝚎𝚗𝚎́𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚊 𝚗𝚘 𝚜𝚎𝚒𝚘 𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚎𝚜𝚙𝚎́𝚌𝚒𝚎𝚜
𝙰́ 𝚍𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚜 𝚒𝚗𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚕𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚗𝚘𝚜 𝚍𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚘𝚜
𝚎𝚌𝚘𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚖𝚊𝚜
𝙰́ 𝚛𝚒𝚚𝚞𝚎𝚣𝚊 𝚍𝚎 𝚛𝚎𝚕𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚘̃𝚎𝚜 𝚎𝚌𝚘𝚕𝚘́𝚐𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚜 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚋𝚎𝚕𝚎𝚌𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚎
𝚘𝚜 𝚒𝚗𝚍𝚒𝚟𝚒́𝚍𝚞𝚘𝚜
Células
𝙳𝚊-𝚜𝚎 𝚘 𝚗𝚘𝚖𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊 𝚑𝚊́ 𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚋𝚊́𝚜𝚒𝚌𝚊 𝚎
𝚏𝚞𝚗𝚍𝚊𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚕 𝚍𝚊 𝚟𝚒𝚍𝚊
𝙿𝚘𝚍𝚎𝚖 𝚜𝚎𝚛:
𝚄𝚗𝚒𝚌𝚎𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚒𝚜𝚘𝚕𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚜
𝙿𝚕𝚞𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚎𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚊𝚜𝚜𝚘𝚌𝚒𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚎 𝚜𝚒
Sistema biológico
𝙾𝚜 𝚜𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚖𝚊𝚜 𝚋𝚒𝚘𝚕𝚘́𝚐𝚒𝚌𝚘𝚜 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚘𝚛𝚐𝚊𝚗𝚒𝚣𝚊𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚊
𝚑𝚒𝚎𝚛𝚊́𝚛𝚚𝚞𝚒𝚌𝚊
𝙴𝚡𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚖 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚎𝚜 𝚊𝚜 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚊𝚜 𝚖𝚊𝚒𝚜 𝚜𝚒𝚖𝚙𝚕𝚎𝚜 𝚊𝚝𝚎́ 𝚊𝚜 𝚖𝚊𝚒𝚜
𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚙𝚕𝚎𝚡𝚊𝚜
Continuação...
Tecidos
𝚂𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚒𝚍𝚎̂ 𝚗𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚜 𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚖 𝚏𝚞𝚗𝚌̧ 𝚘̃𝚎𝚜
𝚜𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚕𝚑𝚊𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜
Órgãos
𝙳𝚒𝚏𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜 𝚐𝚛𝚞𝚙𝚘𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚝𝚎𝚌𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚊𝚜𝚜𝚘𝚌𝚒𝚊𝚖-𝚜𝚎
𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚊 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚊𝚛 𝚐𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚎𝚜 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚊𝚜
Sistema
𝙳𝚊́-𝚜𝚎 𝚘 𝚗𝚘𝚖𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚜𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚖𝚊 𝚊𝚘 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚓𝚞𝚗𝚝𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚘́𝚛𝚐𝚊̃ 𝚘
Organismo
𝙳𝚊́-𝚜𝚎 𝚘 𝚗𝚘𝚖𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚘𝚛𝚐𝚊𝚗𝚒𝚜𝚖𝚘 𝚊𝚘𝚜 𝚜𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚖𝚊𝚜 𝚍𝚎
𝚘́𝚛𝚐𝚊̃ 𝚘𝚜 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚘𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚖 𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚎 𝚜𝚒
Espécies
𝙾𝚛𝚐𝚊𝚗𝚒𝚜𝚖𝚘 𝚒𝚍𝚎̂ 𝚗𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚘𝚜, 𝚌𝚊𝚙𝚊𝚣𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚜𝚎 𝚌𝚛𝚞𝚣𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚖
𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚎 𝚜𝚒 𝚎 𝚘𝚛𝚒𝚐𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚖 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚌𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜 𝚏𝚎́𝚛𝚝𝚎𝚒𝚜
População
𝙾𝚜 𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚟𝚒𝚟𝚘𝚜 𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚝𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜 𝚊̀ 𝚖𝚎𝚜𝚖𝚊
𝚎𝚜𝚙𝚎́𝚌𝚒𝚎 𝚎 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚑𝚊𝚋𝚒𝚝𝚊𝚖 𝚞𝚖𝚊 𝚍𝚎𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚍𝚊
𝚊́𝚛𝚎𝚊 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚝𝚞𝚎𝚖 𝚞𝚖𝚊 𝚙𝚘𝚙𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘
Comunidade
𝙸𝚗𝚍𝚒𝚟𝚒́𝚍𝚞𝚘𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚎𝚜𝚙𝚎́𝚌𝚒𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚒𝚏𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜 𝚚𝚞𝚎
𝚑𝚊𝚋𝚒𝚝𝚊𝚖 𝚞𝚖𝚊 𝚖𝚎𝚜𝚖𝚊 𝚊́𝚛𝚎𝚊 𝚎 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚋𝚎𝚕𝚎𝚌𝚎𝚖 𝚛𝚎𝚕𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚘̃𝚎𝚜
𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚎 𝚜𝚒 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚊𝚖 𝚞𝚖𝚊 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚋𝚒𝚘𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚊
Ecossistema
𝙾 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚓𝚞𝚗𝚝𝚘 𝚍𝚊 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎, 𝚍𝚘 𝚊𝚖𝚋𝚒𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎 𝚎 𝚊𝚜
𝚛𝚎𝚕𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚘̃𝚎𝚜 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚜𝚎 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚋𝚎𝚕𝚎𝚌𝚎𝚖 𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚎 𝚜𝚒,
𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚊𝚖 𝚞𝚖 𝚜𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚖𝚊 𝚎𝚌𝚘𝚕𝚘́𝚐𝚒𝚌𝚘
𝙲𝚘𝚖𝚙𝚘𝚗𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜 𝚋𝚒𝚘́𝚝𝚒𝚙𝚘𝚜: 𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚟𝚒𝚟𝚘𝚜
𝙲𝚘𝚖𝚙𝚘𝚗𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜 𝚊𝚋𝚒𝚘𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚘𝚜: 𝚏𝚊𝚝𝚘𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚊𝚖𝚋𝚒𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚒𝚜
Cadeias alimentares
𝙾𝚜 𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚟𝚒𝚟𝚘𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚞𝚖 𝚎𝚌𝚘𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚖𝚊 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚋𝚎𝚕𝚎𝚌𝚎𝚖
𝚛𝚎𝚕𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚘̃𝚎𝚜 (𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚜) 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚎𝚗𝚟𝚘𝚕𝚟𝚎𝚖 𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚏𝚎𝚛𝚎̂ 𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚊 𝚍𝚎
𝚖𝚊𝚝𝚎́𝚛𝚒𝚊 𝚎 𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚛𝚐𝚒𝚊

𝙴𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚜 𝚛𝚎𝚕𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚘̃𝚎𝚜 𝚝𝚛𝚘́𝚏𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚜 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚝𝚞𝚎𝚖 𝚊𝚜 𝚌𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚒𝚊𝚜

𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚜

𝚄𝚖𝚊 𝚌𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚒𝚛𝚊 𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚛 𝚙𝚘𝚍𝚎 𝚜𝚎𝚛 𝚍𝚎𝚏𝚒𝚗𝚊 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚘 𝚞𝚖𝚊

𝚜𝚎𝚚𝚞𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚊𝚕𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎 𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚟𝚒𝚟𝚘𝚜 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚜𝚎 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛-𝚛𝚎𝚕𝚊𝚌𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚊𝚖 Evolução
𝚊 𝚗𝚒́𝚟𝚎𝚕 𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚛 𝙳𝚊́-𝚜𝚎 𝚘 𝚗𝚘𝚖𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚎𝚟𝚘𝚕𝚞𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚊𝚘 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚌𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚘 𝚎𝚖 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚘𝚜 𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚜
𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚌𝚎𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚘𝚛𝚒𝚐𝚎𝚖 𝚊 𝚞𝚖𝚊 𝚎𝚗𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚎 𝚍𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚍𝚎
𝚘𝚛𝚐𝚊𝚗𝚒𝚜𝚖𝚘𝚜 𝚌𝚘𝚖 𝚍𝚒𝚏𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜 𝚐𝚛𝚊𝚞𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚙𝚕𝚎𝚡𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎

Teias alimentares
𝙳𝚊́-𝚜𝚎 𝚗𝚘𝚖𝚎 𝚊́𝚜 𝚝𝚎𝚒𝚊𝚜 𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚚𝚞𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚘 𝚎𝚡𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚎
𝚛𝚎𝚕𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚘̃𝚎𝚜 𝚌𝚘𝚖 𝚟𝚊́𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚜 𝚌𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚒𝚛𝚊𝚜 𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚜
Extinção
𝚃𝚘𝚝𝚊𝚕 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚊𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚌𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚎𝚜𝚙𝚎́𝚌𝚒𝚎𝚜, 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚒𝚍𝚎𝚛𝚊-𝚜𝚎
𝚎𝚡𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚘 𝚊 𝚎𝚜𝚙𝚎́𝚌𝚒𝚎 𝚚𝚞𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚘 𝚘 𝚞́𝚕𝚝𝚒𝚖𝚘 𝚒𝚗𝚍𝚒𝚟𝚒́𝚍𝚞𝚘 𝚖𝚘𝚛𝚛𝚎
𝙴𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚖𝚊-𝚜𝚎 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚖𝚊𝚒𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝟿𝟿% 𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚎𝚜𝚙𝚎́𝚌𝚒𝚎𝚜 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚊𝚕𝚐𝚞𝚖𝚊
𝚟𝚎𝚣 𝚎𝚡𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚛𝚊𝚖 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚊𝚕𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎 𝚎𝚡𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚜

ℂ𝕠𝕟𝕤𝕖𝕣𝕧𝕒𝕔̧ 𝕒̃𝕠
𝙰 𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚟𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚎𝚌𝚘𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚖𝚊𝚜 𝚍𝚎𝚙𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚎:
𝚍𝚊 𝚖𝚊𝚗𝚞𝚝𝚎𝚗𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚍𝚊 𝚏𝚎𝚛𝚝𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚜𝚘𝚕𝚘𝚜 𝚎 𝚍𝚊
𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚟𝚎𝚗𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚍𝚊 𝚜𝚞𝚊 𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚜𝚊̃ 𝚘;
𝚍𝚊 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚘𝚡𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚎 𝚛𝚎𝚌𝚒𝚌𝚕𝚊𝚐𝚎𝚖 𝚍𝚎 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚍𝚞𝚝𝚘𝚜
𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚒𝚍𝚞𝚊𝚒𝚜;
𝚍𝚊 𝚙𝚘𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚒𝚣𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘;
𝚍𝚊 𝚋𝚒𝚘𝚍𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎,(𝚘𝚋𝚝𝚎𝚛 𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚘𝚜 𝚎
𝚖𝚎𝚍𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚘𝚜)
𝔻𝕖𝕘𝕣𝕒𝕕𝕒𝕔̧ 𝕒̃𝕠
𝙳𝚎𝚟𝚒𝚍𝚘 𝚊̀ 𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚍𝚘 𝙷𝚘𝚖𝚎𝚖 𝚊𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚎-𝚜𝚎, 𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚊𝚕𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎, 𝚊
𝚞𝚖 𝚎𝚕𝚎𝚟𝚊𝚍𝚘 𝚛𝚒𝚝𝚖𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚒𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚎 𝚎𝚡𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚍𝚎
-
𝙰𝚗𝚒𝚖𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚊 𝚎𝚜𝚙𝚎́𝚌𝚒𝚎𝚜.
𝚊 𝚜𝚘𝚋𝚛𝚎𝚡𝚙𝚕𝚘𝚛𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚛𝚎𝚌𝚞𝚛𝚜𝚘𝚜;
𝚊 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚘𝚍𝚞𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚘𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚘𝚞 𝚍𝚎 𝚍𝚘𝚎𝚗𝚌̧ 𝚊𝚜;
𝙿𝚕𝚊𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚎 𝚊 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚏𝚎𝚛𝚎̂ 𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚊 𝚗𝚊𝚜 𝚛𝚎𝚕𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚘̃𝚎𝚜 𝚋𝚒𝚘́𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚜 𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚎

= 𝙵𝚞𝚗𝚐𝚒
𝚎𝚜𝚙𝚎́𝚌𝚒𝚎𝚜;
𝚊 𝚙𝚘𝚕𝚞𝚒𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚍𝚘 𝚊𝚛, 𝚍𝚊 𝚊́𝚐𝚞𝚊 𝚎 𝚍𝚘 𝚜𝚘𝚕𝚘;
𝚊 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚒𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚑𝚊𝚋𝚒𝚝𝚊𝚝𝚜.

ℙ𝕣𝕠𝕥𝕖𝕔̧ 𝕒̃𝕠
𝙰 𝚗𝚎𝚌𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚟𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚍𝚊 𝚋𝚒𝚘𝚍𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚝𝚎𝚖
𝙿𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚒𝚜ta
𝚕𝚎𝚟𝚊𝚍𝚘 𝚖𝚞𝚒𝚝𝚘𝚜 𝚙𝚊𝚒́𝚜𝚎𝚜 𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚎 𝚘𝚞𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚜 𝚖𝚎𝚍𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚊̀ 𝚌𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘
-

𝚍𝚎 𝚣𝚘𝚗𝚊𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚎𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚌𝚒𝚊𝚕 𝚘𝚞 𝚊́𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚜 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚐𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚜

-
𝙼𝚘𝚗𝚎𝚛𝚊
 Conhecimento da célula
𝙾 𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚘 𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚌𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚘𝚜 𝚋𝚒𝚘𝚕𝚘́𝚐𝚒𝚌𝚘𝚜 𝚍𝚎𝚙𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚎 𝚍𝚘 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚑𝚎𝚌𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚘 𝚍𝚊 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊 𝚎𝚗𝚚𝚞𝚊𝚗𝚝𝚘 𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚏𝚞𝚗𝚍𝚊𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚕
𝚍𝚊 𝚟𝚒𝚍𝚊

=
Nota

𝙰𝚜 𝚍𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚜𝚘̃ 𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜, 𝚐𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚕𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎 𝚖𝚞𝚒𝚝𝚘 𝚛𝚎𝚍𝚞𝚣𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚜, 𝚏𝚒𝚣𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚖 𝚌𝚘𝚖 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚖𝚊𝚗𝚎𝚌𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚎𝚖 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚑𝚎𝚌𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚊𝚝𝚎́ 𝚊̀ 𝚒𝚗𝚟𝚎𝚗𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚍𝚘 𝚖𝚒𝚌𝚛𝚘𝚜𝚌𝚘́𝚙𝚒𝚘

𝟷𝟻𝟿𝟶 𝟷𝟼𝟼𝟻 𝟷𝟼𝟽𝟼 𝟷𝟾𝟹𝟾-(𝟹𝟿)

.
𝙸𝚗𝚟𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚊 𝚘 𝚖𝚒𝚌𝚛𝚘𝚜𝚌𝚘́𝚙𝚒𝚘 𝚄𝚜𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚘 𝚞𝚖 𝚖𝚒𝚌𝚛𝚘𝚜𝚌𝚘́𝚙𝚒𝚘 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚙𝚘𝚜𝚝𝚘, 𝙾𝚋𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚟𝚊 𝚋𝚊𝚌𝚝𝚎́𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚜 𝚙𝚎𝚕𝚊 𝚙𝚛𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚒𝚛𝚊 𝚟𝚎𝚣
𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚙𝚘𝚜𝚝𝚘 𝚎𝚡𝚊𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚘 𝚞𝚖𝚊 𝚌𝚘𝚛𝚝𝚒𝚌̧ 𝚊 𝚞𝚜𝚘𝚞-𝚜𝚎 𝚘 𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚖𝚘 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚒𝚐𝚗𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚙𝚘𝚛 𝚊𝚗𝚒𝚖𝚊́𝚕𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚘𝚜 𝙴𝚗𝚞𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚊𝚖 𝚊 𝚃𝚎𝚘𝚛𝚒𝚊 𝙲𝚎𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛
"𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊"

𝙰 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊 𝚎́ 𝚊 𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚋𝚊́𝚜𝚒𝚌𝚊 𝚎 𝚏𝚞𝚗𝚍𝚊𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚕 𝚍𝚎 𝚝𝚘𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚘𝚜 𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚟𝚒𝚟𝚘𝚜

𝙽𝚘𝚟𝚊𝚜 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚜𝚘́ 𝚙𝚘𝚍𝚎𝚖 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚊𝚛-𝚜𝚎 𝚊 𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚝𝚒𝚛 𝚍𝚎 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚓𝚊́ 𝚎𝚡𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜
𝙰 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊 𝚎́ 𝚊 𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚛𝚎𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚍𝚞𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘, 𝚍𝚎 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚎𝚗𝚟𝚘𝚕𝚟𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚘 𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚑𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚍𝚒𝚝𝚊𝚛𝚒𝚎𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚝𝚘𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚘𝚜 𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚟𝚒𝚟𝚘𝚜

ℂ𝕖́𝕝𝕦𝕝𝕒 𝕧𝕖𝕘𝕖𝕥𝕒𝕝

ℂ𝕖́𝕝𝕦𝕝𝕒 𝕒𝕟𝕚𝕞𝕒𝕝

Diversidade de células
𝙰𝚜 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚊𝚌𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚣𝚊𝚖-𝚜𝚎 𝚙𝚘𝚛 𝚞𝚖𝚊 𝚐𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚎 𝚍𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚖𝚘𝚛𝚏𝚘𝚕𝚘́𝚐𝚒𝚌𝚊 𝚎 𝚏𝚞𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚊𝚕
𝙾𝚜 𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚟𝚒𝚟𝚘𝚜 𝚙𝚘𝚍𝚎𝚖 𝚜𝚎𝚛 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚝𝚞𝚒́𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚙𝚘𝚛 𝚊𝚙𝚎𝚗𝚊𝚜 𝚞𝚖𝚊 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊 (𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚌𝚎𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛) 𝚘𝚞 𝚟𝚊́𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚜 (𝚙𝚕𝚞𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚎𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚜)

Células procarióticas
𝚂𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚊𝚜 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚖𝚊𝚒𝚜 𝚜𝚒𝚖𝚙𝚕𝚎𝚜
𝙽𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚙𝚘𝚜𝚜𝚞𝚎𝚖 𝚗𝚞́𝚌𝚕𝚎𝚘 𝚗𝚎𝚖 𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚜 𝚗𝚘 𝚜𝚎𝚞 𝚌𝚒𝚝𝚘𝚙𝚕𝚊𝚜𝚖𝚊
𝚂𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚊𝚌𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚒́𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚋𝚊𝚌𝚝𝚎́𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚜 𝚎 𝚌𝚒𝚊𝚗𝚘𝚋𝚊𝚌𝚝𝚎́𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚜

Células eucarióticas
𝙰𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚖 𝚞𝚖𝚊 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚊 𝚖𝚊𝚒𝚜 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚙𝚕𝚎𝚡𝚊
𝙿𝚘𝚜𝚜𝚞𝚎𝚖 𝚗𝚞́𝚌𝚕𝚎𝚘, 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚘 𝚖𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚕 𝚐𝚎𝚗𝚎́𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚘, 𝚎́ 𝚖𝚞́𝚕𝚝𝚒𝚙𝚕𝚘𝚜 𝚘𝚛𝚐𝚊𝚗𝚎𝚕𝚘𝚜 𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚜
𝚗𝚘 𝚌𝚒𝚝𝚘𝚙𝚕𝚊𝚜𝚖𝚊
𝙴𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚜 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚛𝚎𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚛𝚊𝚜 𝚗𝚘𝚜 𝚊𝚗𝚒𝚖𝚊𝚒𝚜, 𝚙𝚕𝚊𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚜, 𝚏𝚞𝚗𝚐𝚘𝚜 𝚎 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚜
Continuação...
Membrana celular Citoplasmas
𝙳𝚎𝚕𝚒𝚖𝚒𝚝𝚊 𝚊 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊, 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚋𝚎𝚕𝚎𝚌𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚘 𝚊 𝚏𝚛𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚒𝚛𝚊 𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚎 𝚘 𝙴𝚜𝚙𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚘 𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚎 𝚘 𝚗𝚞́𝚌𝚕𝚎𝚘 𝚎 𝚊 𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚊 𝚌𝚎𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛,
𝚖𝚎𝚒𝚘 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚌𝚎𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛 (𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚗𝚘) 𝚎 𝚘 𝚖𝚎𝚒𝚘 𝚎𝚡𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚌𝚎𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛 𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚑𝚒𝚍𝚘 𝚙𝚘𝚛 𝚞𝚖𝚊 𝚖𝚊𝚜𝚜𝚊 𝚜𝚎𝚖𝚒𝚏𝚕𝚞𝚒𝚍𝚊 (𝚑𝚒𝚊𝚕𝚘𝚙𝚕𝚊𝚜𝚖𝚊)
(𝚎𝚡𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚗𝚘). 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚜𝚞𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚊 𝚍𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚘𝚜 𝚘𝚛𝚐𝚊𝚗𝚎𝚕𝚘𝚜.
𝚁𝚎𝚐𝚞𝚕𝚊 𝚘 𝚏𝚕𝚞𝚡𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚖𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚒𝚜 𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚎 𝚊 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊 𝚎 𝚘 𝚜𝚎𝚞
𝚊𝚖𝚋𝚒𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎.

Núcleo
𝙳𝚎𝚕𝚒𝚖𝚒𝚝𝚊𝚍𝚘 𝚙𝚘𝚛 𝚞𝚖 𝚒𝚗𝚟𝚘́𝚕𝚞𝚌𝚛𝚘 𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚛 𝚎 𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚘-𝚜𝚘, 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊́
𝚛𝚘𝚍𝚎𝚊𝚍𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚌𝚒𝚝𝚘𝚙𝚕𝚊𝚜𝚖𝚊. 𝙽𝚘 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚘𝚛 𝚍𝚘 𝚗𝚞́𝚌𝚕𝚎𝚘 𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊-𝚜𝚎
𝚖𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚕 𝚐𝚎𝚗𝚎́𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚘, 𝚘 𝙳𝙽𝙰, 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚘𝚛𝚍𝚎𝚗𝚊 𝚝𝚘𝚍𝚊 𝚊 𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚟𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎
𝚌𝚎𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛.

Parede celular Ribossoma

𝙲𝚘𝚗𝚏𝚎𝚛𝚎 𝚛𝚒𝚐𝚒𝚍𝚎𝚣, 𝚜𝚞𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚝𝚎 𝚎 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚊̀ 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊 𝚟𝚎𝚐𝚎𝚝𝚊𝚕 𝙿𝚊𝚛𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚒𝚙𝚊𝚖 𝚗𝚘 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚌𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚜𝚒́𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚒́𝚗𝚊𝚜

Retículo endoplasmático Complexo de Golgi

𝚂𝚒́𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜𝚎 𝚎 𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚝𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚒́𝚗𝚊𝚜, 𝚕𝚒́𝚙𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚎 𝚑𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚘𝚗𝚊𝚜 𝙸𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚟𝚎́𝚖 𝚗𝚊 𝚜𝚎𝚌𝚛𝚎𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚜𝚞𝚋𝚜𝚝𝚊̂ 𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚊𝚜, 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚊𝚖 𝚕𝚒𝚜𝚘𝚜𝚜𝚘𝚖𝚊𝚜

Vacúolo
𝙰𝚛𝚖𝚊𝚣𝚎𝚗𝚊𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚊́𝚐𝚞𝚊 𝚎 𝚘𝚞𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚜 𝚜𝚞𝚋𝚜𝚝𝚊̂𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚊𝚜
𝙸𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚟𝚎́𝚖 𝚗𝚊 𝚛𝚎𝚐𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚍𝚘 𝚏𝚕𝚞𝚡𝚘 𝚍𝚊 𝚊́𝚐𝚞𝚊 𝚎 𝚒𝚘̃ 𝚎𝚜 𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚎 𝚘
𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚘𝚛 𝚎 𝚘 𝚎𝚡𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚘𝚛 𝚍𝚊 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊
 Constituição...
Centríolos Cloroplasto
𝙸𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚟𝚎́𝚖 𝚗𝚊 𝚍𝚒𝚟𝚒𝚜𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚌𝚎𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛 ́ 𝚝𝚎𝚜𝚎
𝙵𝚘𝚝𝚘𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚗

Mitocôndria Citosqueleto
𝙰𝚌𝚘𝚕𝚑𝚎 𝚊 𝚖𝚊𝚒𝚘𝚛 𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚝𝚎 𝚍𝚘 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚌𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚙𝚒𝚛𝚊𝚌̧𝚊̃𝚘 𝙼𝚊𝚗𝚞𝚝𝚎𝚗𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚍𝚊 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚊 𝚍𝚊 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊 𝚊̀ 𝚌𝚞𝚜𝚝𝚊 𝚍𝚎 𝚞𝚖𝚊 𝚛𝚎𝚍𝚎 𝚍𝚎
𝚊𝚎𝚛𝚘́𝚋𝚒𝚊, 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚍𝚞𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝙰𝚃𝙿 𝚏𝚒𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚜 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚌𝚛𝚞𝚣𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚜

Lisossomas
I
𝙲𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚎́𝚖 𝚎𝚗𝚣𝚒𝚖𝚊𝚜 𝚍𝚒𝚐𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚟𝚘𝚜, 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚟𝚎́𝚖 𝚗𝚊 𝚍𝚒𝚐𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚌𝚎𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛
I
Compostos orgânicos
𝙾𝚜 𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚟𝚒𝚟𝚘𝚜 𝚜𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚝𝚞𝚒́𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚙𝚘𝚛
𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚐𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚜𝚘̃ 𝚎𝚜 𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚖 𝚟𝚊𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚏𝚞𝚗𝚌̧ 𝚘̃𝚎𝚜
– 𝚊𝚜 𝚖𝚊𝚌𝚛𝚘𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜.
𝙴𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚜 𝚜𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚙𝚘𝚛 𝚞𝚖 𝚗𝚞́𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚘 𝚛𝚎𝚍𝚞𝚣𝚒𝚍𝚘 𝚍𝚎
𝚎𝚕𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚘𝚜 𝚚𝚞𝚒́𝚖𝚒𝚌𝚘𝚜, 𝚙𝚛𝚒𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚙𝚊𝚕𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎 𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚋𝚘𝚗𝚘, 𝚘𝚡𝚒𝚐𝚎́𝚗𝚒𝚘
𝚎 𝚑𝚒𝚍𝚛𝚘𝚐𝚎́𝚗𝚒𝚘.

Compostos inorgânicos
𝙰 𝚊́𝚐𝚞𝚊 𝚎 𝚘𝚜 𝚜𝚊𝚒𝚜 𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚒𝚜 𝚝𝚊𝚖𝚋𝚎́𝚖 𝚜𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚒𝚖𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚌𝚒𝚗𝚍𝚒́𝚟𝚎𝚒𝚜 𝚗𝚊
𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚝𝚞𝚒𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚚𝚞𝚒́𝚖𝚒𝚌𝚊 𝚎 𝚏𝚞𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚊𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚘 𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚊𝚜 𝚟𝚒𝚟𝚊𝚜.

Água
𝙴́ 𝚘 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚙𝚘𝚜𝚝𝚘 𝚖𝚊𝚒𝚜 𝚊𝚋𝚞𝚗𝚍𝚊𝚗𝚝𝚎 𝚗𝚊𝚜 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜
𝙸𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚟𝚎́𝚖 𝚎𝚖 𝚗𝚞𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚜𝚊𝚜 𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚌𝚌̧ 𝚘̃𝚎𝚜 𝚚𝚞𝚒́𝚖𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚜 𝚟𝚒𝚝𝚊𝚒𝚜 𝚎 𝚎́ 𝚞𝚖 𝚜𝚘𝚕𝚟𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎 𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚊𝚕,
𝚌𝚊𝚙𝚊𝚣 𝚍𝚎 𝚍𝚒𝚜𝚜𝚘𝚕𝚟𝚎𝚛 𝚐𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚎 𝚗𝚞́𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚙𝚘𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚜 𝚘𝚛𝚐𝚊̂ 𝚗𝚒𝚌𝚘𝚜 𝚎 𝚒𝚗𝚘𝚛𝚐𝚊̂ 𝚗𝚒𝚌𝚘𝚜.

Polaridade
𝙰 𝚏𝚊𝚌𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚎𝚖 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚋𝚎𝚕𝚎𝚌𝚎𝚛 𝚕𝚒𝚐𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚘̃𝚎𝚜 𝚌𝚘𝚖 𝚘𝚞𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚜 𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚞𝚕𝚝𝚊 𝚍𝚊
𝚙𝚘𝚕𝚊𝚛𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚍𝚊 𝚊́𝚐𝚞𝚊. 𝚂𝚎𝚖 𝚊́𝚐𝚞𝚊, 𝚘 𝚘𝚛𝚐𝚊𝚗𝚒𝚜𝚖𝚘 𝚗𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚙𝚘𝚍𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚊
𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚝𝚊𝚛 𝚗𝚞𝚝𝚛𝚒𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜 𝚘𝚞 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚍𝚞𝚝𝚘𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚎𝚡𝚌𝚛𝚎𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚗𝚎𝚖 𝚛𝚎𝚐𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛 𝚊𝚜 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚍𝚒𝚌̧ 𝚘̃𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚘
𝚖𝚎𝚒𝚘 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚗𝚘.

Sais minerais
𝚂𝚊𝚒𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚌𝚊́𝚕𝚌𝚒𝚘, 𝚍𝚎 𝚏𝚘́𝚜𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚘, 𝚍𝚎 𝚏𝚎𝚛𝚛𝚘, 𝚍𝚎 𝚖𝚊𝚐𝚗𝚎́𝚜𝚒𝚘, 𝚍𝚎 𝚜𝚘́𝚍𝚒𝚘, 𝚍𝚎 𝚙𝚘𝚝𝚊́𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚘, 𝚍𝚎
𝚣𝚒𝚗𝚌𝚘, 𝚍𝚎 𝚏𝚕𝚞́𝚘𝚛 𝚘𝚞 𝚍𝚎 𝚒𝚘𝚍𝚘, 𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚎 𝚘𝚞𝚝𝚛𝚘𝚜, 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚎𝚖𝚙𝚎𝚗𝚑𝚊𝚖 𝚒𝚖𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚝𝚊𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜 𝚏𝚞𝚗𝚌̧ 𝚘̃𝚎𝚜
𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚊𝚒𝚜 𝚎 𝚛𝚎𝚐𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚍𝚘𝚛𝚊𝚜.

Macromoléculas
𝚂𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚝𝚞𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜 𝚘𝚛𝚐𝚊̂ 𝚗𝚒𝚌𝚘𝚜 𝚘𝚜 𝚑𝚒𝚍𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚘𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚋𝚘𝚗𝚘 (𝚐𝚕𝚒́𝚌𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜), 𝚙𝚛𝚘́𝚝𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜, 𝚕𝚒́𝚙𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜
𝚎 𝚊́𝚌𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚗𝚞𝚌𝚕𝚎𝚒𝚌𝚘𝚜.

Monómeros
𝙲𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚒𝚊𝚜 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚙𝚘𝚛 𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚜 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚊𝚒𝚜 𝚖𝚊𝚒𝚜 𝚜𝚒𝚖𝚙𝚕𝚎𝚜

Polímeros Condensação
𝙰𝚜 𝚖𝚊𝚌𝚛𝚘𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚌𝚘𝚛𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚙𝚘𝚗𝚍𝚎𝚖 𝚊 𝚙𝚘𝚕𝚒́𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚜 𝚀𝚞𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚘 𝚍𝚘𝚒𝚜 𝚖𝚘𝚗𝚘́𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚜 𝚜𝚎 𝚕𝚒𝚐𝚊𝚖 𝚎́ 𝚕𝚒𝚋𝚎𝚛𝚝𝚊𝚍𝚊 𝚞𝚖𝚊
𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊 𝚍𝚎 𝚊́𝚐𝚞𝚊

Hidrólise
𝚀𝚞𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚘 𝚊 𝚕𝚒𝚐𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚎 𝚍𝚘𝚒𝚜 𝚖𝚘𝚗𝚘́𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚜 𝚎́ 𝚛𝚘𝚖𝚙𝚒𝚍𝚊,
𝚞𝚖𝚊 𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊 𝚍𝚎 𝚊́𝚐𝚞𝚊 𝚎́ 𝚐𝚊𝚜𝚝𝚊
Prótidos
𝚂𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚙𝚘𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚋𝚘𝚗𝚘, 𝚑𝚒𝚍𝚛𝚘𝚐𝚎́𝚗𝚒𝚘, 𝚘𝚡𝚒𝚐𝚎́𝚗𝚒𝚘 𝚎 𝚊𝚣𝚘𝚝𝚘. 𝙰 𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚎 𝚍𝚘𝚒𝚜 𝚖𝚘𝚗𝚘𝚜𝚜𝚊𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚒́𝚍𝚎𝚘𝚜 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚒𝚐𝚗𝚊-𝚜𝚎 𝚕𝚒𝚐𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘
𝙰𝚜 𝚜𝚞𝚊𝚜 𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚜 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚊𝚒𝚜 𝚜𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚘𝚜 𝚊𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚘𝚊́𝚌𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜.
𝙰𝚜 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚒́𝚗𝚊𝚜 𝚜𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚖𝚊𝚌𝚛𝚘𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚙𝚕𝚎𝚡𝚊𝚜,
𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚝𝚞𝚒́𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚙𝚘𝚛 𝚞𝚖𝚊 𝚘𝚞 𝚖𝚊𝚒𝚜 𝚌𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚒𝚊𝚜 𝚙𝚘𝚕𝚒𝚙𝚎𝚝𝚒́𝚍𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚜.
𝙰𝚜 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚒́𝚗𝚊𝚜 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚎𝚖𝚙𝚎𝚗𝚑𝚊𝚖 𝚏𝚞𝚗𝚌̧ 𝚘̃𝚎𝚜 𝚖𝚞𝚒𝚝𝚘
𝚍𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚒𝚏𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚊 𝚗𝚒́𝚟𝚎𝚕 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚊𝚕, 𝚎𝚗𝚣𝚒𝚖𝚊́𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚘, 𝚍𝚎
𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚝𝚎, 𝚖𝚘𝚝𝚘𝚛, 𝚑𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚘𝚗𝚊𝚕, 𝚒𝚖𝚞𝚗𝚘𝚕𝚘́𝚐𝚒𝚌𝚘.
Ligações peptidicas
𝙳𝚊-𝚜𝚎 𝚘 𝚗𝚘𝚖𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚕𝚒𝚐𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚘̃𝚎𝚜 𝚙𝚎𝚙𝚝𝚒́𝚍𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚜 𝚚𝚞𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚘 𝚘𝚜
𝚊𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚘𝚊́𝚌𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚕𝚒𝚐𝚊𝚖-𝚜𝚎 𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚎 𝚜𝚒 𝚎 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚊𝚖 𝚌𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚒𝚊𝚜 𝚍𝚎
𝚝𝚊𝚖𝚊𝚗𝚑𝚘 𝚟𝚊𝚛𝚒𝚊́𝚟𝚎𝚕, 𝚘𝚜 𝚙𝚎́𝚙𝚝𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚎 𝚊𝚜 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚒́𝚗𝚊𝚜.
Glícidos
Hidratos de carbono
𝙾𝚜 𝚐𝚕𝚒́𝚌𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚜𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚙𝚘𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚜 𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚗𝚊́𝚛𝚒𝚘𝚜, 𝚍𝚎 𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚋𝚘𝚗𝚘,
𝚑𝚒𝚍𝚛𝚘𝚐𝚎́𝚗𝚒𝚘 𝚎 𝚘𝚡𝚒𝚐𝚎́𝚗𝚒𝚘.
Nota:
𝙰𝚜 𝚜𝚞𝚊𝚜 𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚜 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚊𝚒𝚜 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚒𝚐𝚗𝚊𝚖-𝚜𝚎 𝚙𝚘𝚛
𝚖𝚘𝚗𝚘𝚜𝚜𝚊𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚒́𝚍𝚎𝚘𝚜 (𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚘 𝚊 𝚐𝚕𝚒𝚌𝚘𝚜𝚎, 𝚊 𝚏𝚛𝚞𝚝𝚘𝚜𝚎 𝚘𝚞 𝚊
𝚛𝚒𝚋𝚘𝚜𝚎), 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚙𝚘𝚍𝚎𝚖 𝚙𝚘𝚕𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚣𝚊𝚛 𝚎𝚖 𝚙𝚘𝚕𝚒𝚜𝚜𝚊𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚒́𝚍𝚎𝚘𝚜
(𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚘 𝚊 𝚌𝚎𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚘𝚜𝚎, 𝚘 𝚊𝚖𝚒𝚍𝚘 𝚘𝚞 𝚘 𝚐𝚕𝚒𝚌𝚘𝚐𝚎́𝚗𝚒𝚘).
Ligação glicosídica
𝚐𝚕𝚒𝚌𝚘𝚜𝚒́𝚍𝚒𝚌𝚊.
Exemplo: 𝚂𝚊𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚘𝚜𝚎, 𝙻𝚊𝚌𝚝𝚘𝚜𝚎 𝙼𝚊𝚕𝚝𝚘𝚜𝚎
𝙾𝚜 𝚑𝚒𝚍𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚘𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚋𝚘𝚗𝚘 𝚝𝚎̂ 𝚖, 𝚙𝚛𝚒𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚙𝚊𝚕𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎, 𝚏𝚞𝚗𝚌̧ 𝚘̃𝚎𝚜
𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚛𝚐𝚎́𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚜 𝚘𝚞 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚊𝚒𝚜.
Lípidos
𝚂𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚙𝚘𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚜 𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚗𝚊́𝚛𝚒𝚘𝚜, 𝚍𝚎 𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚋𝚘𝚗𝚘, 𝚑𝚒𝚍𝚛𝚘𝚐𝚎́𝚗𝚒𝚘 𝚎
𝚘𝚡𝚒𝚐𝚎́𝚗𝚒𝚘, 𝚖𝚊𝚜 𝚙𝚘𝚍𝚎𝚖 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚐𝚛𝚊𝚛 𝚊𝚣𝚘𝚝𝚘, 𝚏𝚘́𝚜𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚘, 𝚘𝚞 𝚘𝚞𝚝𝚛𝚘𝚜
𝚎𝚕𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚘𝚜.
Ligações éster
𝙾𝚜 𝚊́𝚌𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚐𝚘𝚛𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚎 𝚘 𝚐𝚕𝚒𝚌𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚕 𝚜𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚜 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚊𝚒𝚜
𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚞𝚗𝚜 𝚗𝚊 𝚊𝚛𝚚𝚞𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚊 𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛 𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚕𝚒́𝚙𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜, 𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜
𝚙𝚘𝚛 𝚕𝚒𝚐𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚘̃𝚎𝚜 𝚎́𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚛.
𝙾𝚜 𝚝𝚛𝚒𝚐𝚕𝚒𝚌𝚎𝚛𝚒́𝚍𝚎𝚘𝚜 𝚜𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚞𝚖 𝚐𝚛𝚞𝚙𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚕𝚒́𝚙𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚌𝚘𝚖 𝚏𝚞𝚗𝚌̧ 𝚘̃𝚎𝚜
𝚍𝚎 𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚟𝚊; 𝚘𝚜 𝚏𝚘𝚜𝚏𝚘𝚕𝚒́𝚙𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜, 𝚌𝚘𝚖 𝚏𝚞𝚗𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚊𝚕,
𝚜𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚘𝚜 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚝𝚞𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜 𝚖𝚊𝚒𝚜 𝚊𝚋𝚞𝚗𝚍𝚊𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚜
𝚌𝚎𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚜.
Continuação...
Funções dos lípidos
𝙰𝚕𝚎́𝚖 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚜 𝚏𝚞𝚗𝚌̧ 𝚘̃𝚎𝚜, 𝚘𝚜 𝚕𝚒́𝚙𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚝𝚎̂ 𝚖 𝚖𝚞𝚒𝚝𝚊𝚜 𝚘𝚞𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚜, 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚘
𝚜𝚎𝚓𝚊𝚖 𝚊𝚜 𝚏𝚞𝚗𝚌̧ 𝚘̃𝚎𝚜 𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚛𝚐𝚎́𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚊, 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚝𝚘𝚛𝚊 𝚘𝚞 𝚑𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚘𝚗𝚊𝚕.
Ácidos nucleicos
𝚂𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚙𝚘𝚕𝚒́𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚗𝚞𝚌𝚕𝚎𝚘́𝚝𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜, 𝚊𝚜 𝚜𝚞𝚊𝚜 𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚜 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚊𝚒𝚜.
𝚄𝚖 𝚗𝚞𝚌𝚕𝚎𝚘́𝚝𝚒𝚍𝚘, 𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚊 𝚊𝚕𝚎́𝚖 𝚍𝚎 𝚞𝚖𝚊 𝚙𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚘𝚜𝚎 𝚎 𝚞𝚖 𝚐𝚛𝚞𝚙𝚘 𝚏𝚘𝚜𝚏𝚊𝚝𝚘,
𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚐𝚛𝚊 𝚞𝚖𝚊 𝚋𝚊𝚜𝚎 𝚊𝚣𝚘𝚝𝚊𝚍𝚊.
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Heterotróficos
𝚂𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚑𝚎𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚛𝚘́𝚏𝚒𝚌𝚘𝚜 𝚝𝚘𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚘𝚜 𝚘𝚛𝚐𝚊𝚗𝚒𝚜𝚖𝚘𝚜 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚘𝚋𝚝𝚎̂ 𝚖
𝚖𝚊𝚝𝚎́𝚛𝚒𝚊 𝚘𝚛𝚐𝚊̂ 𝚗𝚒𝚌𝚊 𝚎 𝚒𝚗𝚘𝚛𝚐𝚊̂ 𝚗𝚒𝚌𝚊, 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚗𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚊𝚕𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎 𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚟𝚎 𝚍𝚎
𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚘
𝙴𝚕𝚊𝚋𝚘𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚘 𝚊𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚖 𝚊𝚜 𝚜𝚞𝚊𝚜 𝚙𝚛𝚘́𝚙𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚜 𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚙𝚎𝚕𝚘 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚞𝚖𝚘
𝚍𝚎 𝚊́𝚐𝚞𝚊, 𝚜𝚊𝚒𝚜 𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚒𝚜, 𝚐𝚕𝚒𝚌𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜, 𝚕𝚒́𝚙𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜, 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚒́𝚗𝚊𝚜 𝚎
𝚟𝚒𝚝𝚊𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚜.
Heterotrofia
𝙰 𝚑𝚎𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚛𝚘𝚏𝚒𝚊 𝚙𝚘𝚍𝚎 𝚎𝚗𝚟𝚘𝚕𝚟𝚎𝚛 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚌𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚘𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚒𝚗𝚐𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊̃ 𝚘,
𝚍𝚒𝚐𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚎 𝚊𝚋𝚜𝚘𝚛𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘
Digestão
𝚃𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚊𝚖 𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚘𝚜 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚙𝚕𝚎𝚡𝚘𝚜 𝚎𝚖 𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚜𝚒𝚖𝚙𝚕𝚎𝚜
𝙴𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚜 𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚜 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚊𝚒𝚜 𝚋𝚊́𝚜𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚜 𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚟𝚒𝚛𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚙𝚛𝚊 𝚗𝚘
𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚘𝚛 𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜, 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚍𝚞𝚣𝚒𝚛 𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚛𝚐𝚒𝚊 𝚎 𝚜𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚝𝚒𝚣𝚊𝚛
𝚖𝚊𝚌𝚛𝚘𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜
Tipos de ácidos nucleicos
𝙾 𝙳𝙽𝙰 (𝚊́𝚌𝚒𝚍𝚘 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚘𝚡𝚒𝚛𝚛𝚒𝚋𝚘𝚗𝚞𝚌𝚕𝚎𝚒𝚌𝚘) 𝚎́ 𝚞𝚖𝚊
𝚖𝚊𝚌𝚛𝚘𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊 𝚌𝚘𝚖 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚊 𝚎𝚖 𝚍𝚞𝚙𝚕𝚊 𝚑𝚎́𝚕𝚒𝚌𝚎;
𝙾 𝚁𝙽𝙰 (𝚊́𝚌𝚒𝚍𝚘 𝚛𝚒𝚋𝚘𝚗𝚞𝚌𝚕𝚎𝚒𝚌𝚘) 𝚊𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚊 𝚐𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚕𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎 𝚞𝚖𝚊
𝚌𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚒𝚊 𝚜𝚒𝚖𝚙𝚕𝚎𝚜.
𝙰 𝚏𝚞𝚗𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚊́𝚌𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚗𝚞𝚌𝚕𝚎𝚒𝚌𝚘𝚜 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚎 𝚗𝚘
𝚊𝚛𝚖𝚊𝚣𝚎𝚗𝚊𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚘 𝚎 𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚏𝚎𝚛𝚎̂ 𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚊 𝚍𝚊 𝚒𝚗𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘
𝚐𝚎𝚗𝚎́𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚊 𝚎 𝚗𝚘 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚘𝚕𝚘 𝚍𝚊 𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚟𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚌𝚎𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛.
Absorção
𝙳𝚊-𝚜𝚎 𝚗𝚘 𝚗𝚘𝚖𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚊𝚋𝚜𝚘𝚛𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚚𝚞𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚘 𝚊𝚜 𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚏𝚕𝚞𝚎𝚖
𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚊 𝚘 𝚖𝚎𝚒𝚘 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚗𝚘 (𝚎𝚡𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚗𝚘 𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚊 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚗𝚘) 𝚍𝚎 𝚖𝚘𝚍𝚘 𝚊
𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚒𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚖 𝚗𝚘 𝚖𝚎𝚝𝚊𝚋𝚘𝚕𝚒𝚜𝚖𝚘
Membrana celular
𝙰 𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚊 𝚌𝚎𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛 𝚍𝚎𝚕𝚒𝚖𝚒𝚝𝚊 𝚊 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚝𝚞𝚒𝚗𝚍𝚘 𝚞𝚖𝚊
𝚋𝚊𝚛𝚛𝚎𝚒𝚛𝚊 𝚜𝚎𝚕𝚎𝚝𝚒𝚟𝚊 𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚎 𝚘 𝚖𝚎𝚒𝚘 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚌𝚎𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛 𝚎 𝚘 𝚖𝚎𝚒𝚘
𝚎𝚡𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚌𝚎𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛
𝙰𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚟𝚎́𝚜 𝚍𝚊 𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚊 𝚊 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚎𝚐𝚞𝚎 𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚣𝚊𝚛 𝚝𝚛𝚘𝚌𝚊𝚜
𝚍𝚎 𝚖𝚊𝚝𝚎́𝚛𝚒𝚊 𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚛𝚐𝚒𝚊
Modelo de Mosaico Fluído
𝙾 𝚖𝚘𝚍𝚎𝚕𝚘 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚎́ 𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚊𝚕𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎 𝚊𝚌𝚎𝚒𝚝𝚎 𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚊 𝚊 𝚞𝚕𝚝𝚛𝚊-
𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚊𝚕 𝚍𝚊 𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚊 𝚙𝚕𝚊𝚜𝚖𝚊́𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚊 𝚎́ 𝚘 𝚍𝚘 𝚖𝚘𝚜𝚊𝚒𝚌𝚘
𝚏𝚕𝚞𝚒𝚍𝚘 𝙼𝚘𝚍𝚎𝚕𝚘 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚙𝚘𝚜𝚝𝚘 𝚙𝚘𝚛 𝚂𝚒𝚗𝚐𝚎𝚛 𝚎 𝙽𝚒𝚌𝚑𝚘𝚕𝚜𝚘𝚗 𝚎𝚖 𝟷𝟿𝟽𝟸
𝙾𝚗𝚍𝚎 𝚊𝚏𝚒𝚛𝚖𝚊𝚛𝚊𝚖 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚊 𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚊 𝚎𝚛𝚊 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚝𝚞𝚒́𝚍𝚊 𝚙𝚘𝚛 𝚞𝚖𝚊
𝚋𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚍𝚊 𝚏𝚘𝚜𝚏𝚘𝚕𝚒́𝚙𝚒𝚍𝚒𝚌𝚊 𝚘𝚗𝚍𝚎 𝚜𝚎 𝚒𝚗𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚖 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚒́𝚗𝚊𝚜
𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚒́𝚗𝚜𝚎𝚌𝚊𝚜 𝚎 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚒́𝚗𝚊𝚜 𝚎𝚡𝚝𝚛𝚒́𝚗𝚜𝚎𝚌𝚊𝚜
e-
Continuação...
Colesterol
𝚂𝚞𝚛𝚐𝚎 𝚗𝚊𝚜 𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚜 𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚊𝚗𝚒𝚖𝚊𝚒𝚜 𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚎 𝚘𝚜
𝚏𝚘𝚜𝚏𝚘𝚕𝚒́𝚙𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚎 𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚝𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚎 𝚊𝚘 𝚐𝚛𝚞𝚙𝚘 𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚒𝚍𝚎𝚜
Comportamento da membrana
𝙰 𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚊 𝚙𝚕𝚊𝚜𝚖𝚊́𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚊 𝚊𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚊 𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚖𝚎𝚊𝚋𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚜𝚎𝚕𝚎𝚝𝚒𝚟𝚊
𝚘𝚞 𝚜𝚎𝚓𝚊 𝚙𝚘𝚍𝚎 𝚘𝚞 𝚗𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚏𝚊𝚌𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚊𝚛 𝚊 𝚙𝚊𝚜𝚜𝚊𝚐𝚎𝚖 𝚍𝚎 𝚜𝚞𝚋𝚜𝚝𝚊̂ 𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚊𝚜
Transporte não mediático
𝙾 𝚏𝚕𝚞𝚡𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚜𝚞𝚋𝚜𝚝𝚊̂ 𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚊𝚜 𝚊𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚟𝚎́𝚜 𝚍𝚊 𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚊 𝚘𝚌𝚘𝚛𝚛𝚎 𝚜𝚎𝚖
𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚟𝚎𝚗𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚝𝚊𝚍𝚘𝚛𝚊𝚜
Difusão simples
𝙵𝚕𝚞𝚡𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚞𝚖 𝚖𝚎𝚒𝚘 𝚘𝚗𝚍𝚎 𝚊
𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚎́ 𝚎𝚕𝚎𝚟𝚊𝚍𝚊 𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚊 𝚞𝚖 𝚖𝚎𝚒𝚘
𝚌𝚘𝚖 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚖𝚊𝚒𝚜 𝚋𝚊𝚒𝚡𝚊.
𝚀𝚞𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚘 𝚎𝚡𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚎 𝚞𝚖𝚊 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚋𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚎
𝚖𝚎𝚟𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚗𝚊𝚘 𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚊 𝚖𝚊𝚜 𝚘
𝚗𝚞𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚊𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚟𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚊
𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚊 𝚞𝚖 𝚕𝚊𝚍𝚘 𝚍𝚊 𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚊 𝚎́
𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚌𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚊𝚕 𝚊𝚘 𝚘𝚞𝚝𝚛𝚘 𝚕𝚊𝚍𝚘
𝙴́ 𝚞𝚖 𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚝𝚎 𝚙𝚊𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚟𝚘, 𝚜𝚎𝚖 𝚐𝚊𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚜 𝚍𝚎
𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚛𝚐𝚒𝚊
Osmose
𝙼𝚘𝚟𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚘 𝚍𝚊 𝚊𝚐𝚞𝚊, 𝚙𝚘𝚛 𝚍𝚒𝚏𝚞𝚜𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚜𝚒𝚖𝚙𝚕𝚎𝚜 𝚎 𝚊𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚟𝚎́𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚞𝚖𝚊
𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚊 𝚜𝚎𝚖𝚒𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚖𝚎𝚊́𝚟𝚎𝚕 𝚍𝚎 𝚞𝚖 𝚖𝚎𝚒𝚘 𝚌𝚘𝚖 𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚘𝚛
𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚊 𝚞𝚖 𝚖𝚎𝚒𝚘 𝚌𝚘𝚖 𝚖𝚊𝚒𝚘𝚛 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘
-
Transporte mediado
𝙰 𝚙𝚊𝚜𝚜𝚊𝚐𝚎𝚖 𝚍𝚎 𝚜𝚞𝚋𝚜𝚝𝚊̂ 𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚊𝚜 𝚊𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚟𝚎́𝚜 𝚍𝚊 𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚊 𝚍𝚎𝚙𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚎
𝚍𝚊 𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚊𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚝𝚊𝚍𝚘𝚛𝚊𝚜
Difusão facilitada
𝙾 𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚝𝚎 𝚘𝚌𝚘𝚛𝚛𝚎 𝚊 𝚏𝚊𝚟𝚘𝚛 𝚍𝚘 𝚐𝚛𝚊𝚍𝚒𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎 𝚍𝚎
𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚜𝚎𝚖 𝚐𝚊𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚛𝚐𝚒𝚊, 𝚌𝚘𝚖 𝚊 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚟𝚎𝚗𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘
𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚖𝚎𝚊𝚜𝚜𝚎𝚜
𝙴𝚜𝚝𝚎 𝚏𝚎𝚗𝚘𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚘 𝚊𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚌𝚎 𝚍𝚎𝚟𝚒𝚍𝚘 𝚊́ 𝚎𝚡𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚎̂ 𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚊 𝚍𝚎
𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚒́𝚗𝚊𝚜 𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚝𝚊𝚍𝚘𝚛𝚊𝚜 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚖𝚘𝚟𝚎𝚖 𝚊 𝚙𝚊𝚜𝚜𝚊𝚐𝚎𝚖
𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜
Transporte ativo
𝙾 𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚝𝚎 𝚘𝚌𝚘𝚛𝚛𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊 𝚘 𝚐𝚛𝚊𝚍𝚒𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎 𝚍𝚎
𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘, 𝚌𝚘𝚖 𝚐𝚊𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚛𝚐𝚒𝚊 𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚖 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚟𝚎𝚗𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘
𝚍𝚎 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚒́𝚗𝚊𝚜
Endocitose
𝚃𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚝𝚎 𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚊 𝚘 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚘𝚛 𝚍𝚊 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊 𝚍𝚎
𝚖𝚊𝚌𝚛𝚘𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚊𝚐𝚛𝚎𝚐𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚎𝚖 𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛 𝚘𝚞 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜
Fagocitose
𝙰 𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚊 𝚙𝚕𝚊𝚜𝚖𝚊́𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚊 𝚎𝚗𝚟𝚘𝚕𝚟𝚎 𝚌𝚎𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛 𝚘𝚞 𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚛
𝚍𝚎 𝚐𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚜𝚘̃ 𝚎𝚜 𝚌𝚘𝚖 𝚘 𝚊𝚞𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚘 𝚍𝚘 𝚌𝚒𝚝𝚘𝚙𝚕𝚊𝚜𝚖𝚊
𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚒𝚐𝚗𝚊𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚙𝚜𝚎𝚞𝚍𝚘́𝚙𝚘𝚍𝚎𝚜
- -

Continuação...
Pinocitose
𝙿𝚘𝚛 𝚒𝚗𝚟𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚌̧ 𝚊̃𝚘 𝚍𝚊 𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚊 𝚜𝚊̃ 𝚘 𝚌𝚊𝚙𝚝𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚐𝚘𝚝𝚒́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜
𝚍𝚎 𝚏𝚕𝚞𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚏𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚖 𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚘𝚜 𝚊 𝚟𝚎𝚜𝚒́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊 𝚙𝚒𝚗𝚘𝚌𝚒𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚜

Endocitose mediada por recetor

𝙰𝚜 𝚖𝚊𝚌𝚛𝚘𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚕𝚒𝚐𝚊𝚖-𝚜𝚎 𝚊 𝚛𝚎𝚌𝚎𝚝𝚘𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚜 𝚊𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚎
𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚖 𝚗𝚊 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊 𝚎𝚖 𝚟𝚎𝚜𝚒́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚘𝚌𝚒́𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚜

Exocitose
𝙰𝚜 𝚌𝚎́𝚕𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚕𝚒𝚋𝚎𝚛𝚝𝚊𝚖 𝚗𝚘 𝚖𝚎𝚒𝚘 𝚎𝚗𝚟𝚘𝚕𝚟𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎 𝚜𝚞𝚋𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚊𝚜
𝚊𝚛𝚖𝚊𝚣𝚎𝚗𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚎𝚖 𝚟𝚎𝚜𝚒́𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚊𝚜