Pointers to Review 1.
Verify - Compiles and checks your
different parts of the arduino ide
(compiling, uploading, examples, etc.)
* different parts of the program (void loop,
void setup, etc.)
* difference between input and output
(digitalread and digitalwrite, analogread
and analogwrite, high and low)
* different electronic solid state devices
(led, buzzer, etc.)
* advance study different electronic
devices
* location ng pins sa mga sensors like
gnd, 5v
* review code for ultrasonic sensor
* review code for traffic light w 30s delay
* review code for running light using 10
leds
* review code for ultrasonic sensor using 1
led
* potentiometer reading using serial
monitor
* controlling led using potentiometer
* functions ng motor driver shield, line
sensor, ultrasonic sensor, lahat daw ng
sensor etc.
* 1-40 multiple choice, 41-50 look for
incorrect code, 51-60 coding
* pasulat ang code
Robotics Reviewer UwU
Parts of Arduino IDE
➢ IDE- Integrated Development
Environment is a software
application that provides
comprehensive facilities to
computer programmers for
software development. An IDE
normally consists of at least a
source code editor, build
automation tools and a
debugger. - Wikipedia
code. It will catch errors in syntax (like
missing semicolons or parenthesis).
2. Upload - Uploads/Sends your code
to the Arduino board.
When you click it, you should see the
lights on your board blink rapidly.
3. New - This buttons opens
up a new code window tab.
4. Open - This button will let
you open up an existing sketch.
5. Save - This saves the
currently active sketch.
6. Serial Monitor - This will open a
window that displays any serial
information your Arduino board is
transmitting. It is very useful for
debugging.
7. Sketch Name - This shows the
name of the sketch you are currently
working on.
8. Code Area - This is the area
where you write the code for your
sketch.
9. Message Area - This is where the
IDE tells you if there were any errors in
your code.
10. Text Console - The text console
shows complete error messages.
When debugging, the text console is
very useful.
11. Board and Serial Port - Shows
you what board and the serial port
selections Arduino ID
Different Parts of the Program ➢ analogRead and analogWrite
1. Void Setup - only run once, at the - analogRead reads the
beginning of the program analog value and the
2. Void Loop - code that will repeat analogWrite writes the
The code inside the loop function runs PWM value
over and over as long as the Maker ➢ digitalRead and digitalWrite
Board is turned on - digitalRead reads the
3. Input - inputs a value to the button voltage
(If HIGH or LOW)
microcontroller, has high resistance
And digitalWrite turns it
4. Output - outputs value to a device,
on (HIGH) and off (LOW)
has low resistance
➢ HIGH and LOW
5. analogRead() - Reads an analog
- HIGH means its on
value from 0-255
LOW means its off
6. analogWrite() - Writes an analog
➢ Serial.print and Serial.println
value from 0-255
- Serial.print prints only the
7. digitalRead() - Reads a digital
number or string, while
value, HIGH, LOW,
Serial.println prints it with
8. digitalWrite() - Writes a digital
a newline character.
value, HIGH, LOW
9. Serial.begin() - starts the serial
monitor, value inside the function
is the baud rate
10. Serial.print() - prints value or text
without a new line
11. Serial.println() - prints value
Different Electronic Solid State
creating a new line
Devices

➢ LED - A light-emitting diode is

a semiconductor light source
that emits light when current
flows through it. Electrons in the
semiconductor recombine with
Difference Between electron holes, releasing energy
➢ Void Setup and Loop in the form of photons.
- Void Setup only runs
once while Void Loop
runs repeatedly
➢ Input and Output
- Input is what goes into
the function and output is
what comes out (result)
of the function
➢ Ultrasonic Sensor - is an
electronic device that measures
the distance of a target object by
emitting ultrasonic sound waves,
and converts the reflected sound
into an electrical signal.
➢ IR Sensor - is an electronic
device that measures and
detects infrared radiation in its
surrounding environment.

➢ Piezo buzzer - is one integrated

electronic transducers, DC voltage
suppply, widely used in computers, ➢ Motor Driver
printers, copiers, alarm, electronic - L293D Motor Driver
toys, automotive elecronic - acts as an interface between
equipment, telephones timers and the motors and the control
other electronic products for sound circuits. enables you to perform
devices. Produces a tone or sound. automatic tasks using electrical
➢ can be driven by an oscillating power.
electronic circuit or other audio
signal source.
❖ Positive - Longer terminal
of the device, Red wire,
represented by +
❖ Negative - Shorter
terminal, black wire,
represented by -

➢ Potentiometer - is a
three-terminal resistor with a
sliding or rotating contact that
forms an adjustable voltage
divider. (Middle pin should be
➢ Lm 35 (Temperature Sensor)
connected to analog pin)
- is a temperature measuring device
having an analog output voltage
proportional to the temperature. It
provides output voltage in Centigrade
(Celsius). It does not require any
external calibration circuitry. The legs
of an LM35 be connected to 5V,
ANALOG, GROUND(from left to right)
➢ 3 and 5 Channel Traffic Light w/ 30s delay
Line Tracker Sensor
- Designed for Mobile Robot line
tracking applications, five or
three infrared reflective sensors
CNY70 will reliably detect dark
lines printed over light color
surface. Detection distance
>10mm from sensor face is
possible. Adjustable sensitivity
for each sensors.

Ultrasonic Sensor

Running Light using 10 LEDS

(ito yung logic nya pero gawing 10 leds)

 Potentiometer reading
using Serial Monitor
Controlling LED
Using Potentiometer
Sources ng Code
https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub
/techno_z/arduino-traffic-light-simul
ator-2ec9f7
https://arduinointro.com/projects/ho
w-to-make-an-alternate-blink-and-ru
nning-lights-effect
https://roboticsbackend.com/arduin
o-potentiometer-complete-tutorial/
https://roboticsbackend.com/arduin
o-control-led-brightness-with-a-pote
ntiometer/
Notes galing sa Pre-Test
❖ Arduino grammar is built on the
basis of C grammar.
❖ When the button is not being
pressed it becomes what is called a
floating pin – it’s not connected to
anything.
❖ Analog - A form of electronic
communication sent as signals of
varying frequency instead of ON
or OFF like a digital data
transmission.
❖ PWM - A way to simulate a varying
static voltage. A method of
emulating an analog signal through
a digital.
PWM pins are 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11
- Google
❖ Pulse Width - defined as the
duration of "on time"
❖ Variable - A data type that stores
values which are likely to change
as your program runs.
❖ Constant is a named identifier that
cannot change its value in a
program.
❖ Float - A datatype used to
represent a fraction which entails
the use of decimal points for
floating point numbers.
❖ #define is a useful C component
that allows the programmer to give
a name to a constant value before
the program is compiled.
❖ void() - a function used to
initialize variables, pin modes,
start using libraries, etc.
❖ delay(ms) - Pauses the program
for the amount of time (in
miliseconds) specified as
parameter.
❖ tone() - Generates a square wave
of the specified frequency (and
50% duty cycle) on a pin.
❖ ; - syntax used to end a statement

❖ Serial Communication - A type of
serial protocol between two
devices.
❖ Capacitance - The ability of a
material to hold an electrical
charge.
❖ Compiling - Before your program
“code” can be sent to the board, it
needs to be converted into
instructions that the board
understands.
❖ Debugging is the process of going
through a circuit or code, and
finding errors, until the expected
behavior is achieved.
❖ Robot Sumo - Is a sport in which
two robots attempt to push each
other out of a circle.
❖ The name “Sumo” came from an old
Japanese sport, which is two
opponents fighting in a ring, each of
them trying to push the other opponent
out of it.
the expression inside the
parenthesis, () becomes false.
❖ The for statement is used to
repeat a block of statements
enclosed in curly braces.
❖ The if else statement checks for a
condition and executes the
proceeding statement or set of
statements if the condition is 'true'.
❖ Line Number - shows you what
line number your cursor is on. It is
useful since the compiler gives
error messages with a line number.
❖ What kind of value does the
Photoresistor collect? Analog
❖ Nixie Tube - It is an electronic
device for displaying numerals or
other information using glow
discharge.

❖ Microcontroller - Brains of the Goodluck po sa exam! uwu

arduino. this is a small computer
that you will program to listen for,
process, and display information.
❖ Ultrasonic sensor is the analog
sensor that serves as the primary
component in a Sumo Robot
❖ A potentiometer returns an
analog value between 0 and 1023.

❖ Sensor - A component that

measures one form of energy and
converts it to voltage or current.
❖ Switch - A component that can
open or close an electrical circuit.
❖ Resistor - A device having a
designed resistance to the
passage of an electric current

❖ A while loop will loop

continuously, and infinitely, until