GATE? CE ohne ‘orteres safererarent GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS ( GG-1) « —— een eae oe Geo DestinationQ.1- Q.5 Carry ONE mark Each QI | The village was nestled in a green spot, the ocean and the hills. (A) | through (B) {in co) at (D) | betweenQ2 | Disagree: Protest :: Agree: __ (By word meaning) (A) | Refuse — ee geek (B) | Pretext - Jusbificofken_ (©) | Recommend — Suqaart: (D) | Refute — Preve wrong Q3 A ‘frabjous’ number is defined as a 3 digit number with all digits odd, and no two adjacent digits being the same. For example, 137 is a frabjous number, while 133 is not. How many such frabjous numbers exist? (A) | 125 (B) | 720 © 60. @) {80 odd quneew + 4,3,5,4,4 - Fe FT aumbeu. Bed digit Con hon a Sema, be filed conth s ways be~s Ast digit can and degit con ee be fed in be fille® orth reopeated > wos A weysNumber pov ble 1 5x4 KS = CO % 4190 adjacent Bipils cast be same, bu it can hove, y [ifefi Keopings Bad digit combant- Y det cugit 2nd digits con can bes Filed be fitted) in. A ways vseith 9 wWevys Number sh gue potiilitien wa Sk4 =20 Total gumber of faabjous Number ig 60 +20 = $0 Q4 | Which one among the following statements must be TRUE about the mean and the median of the scores of all candidates appearing for GATE 2023? (A) ‘The median is at least as large as the mean, (B) The mean is at least as large as the median. (C)__ | Atmost half the candidates have a score that is larger than the median. (D) At most half the candidates have a score that is larger than the mean. = 50% pepulabon in preseal above and beloud medtan yolu,hol f Con eiseohe, felt So Nags at: Yidob Renta is the maximum popullakon thal con score mene Scena than the mean. median fy ( it Qs In the given diagram, ovals are marked at different heights (A) of a hill. Which one of the following options P, Q, R, and $ depicts the top view of the hill? 08 < — 06 g& Es ow Horizontal cross-sections ez at various altitudes (h) Ez 04 28 55 03 3g E202 Distance (in km) P Q R Ss (A) P o oo Preajection CF cincken Gan Keren en left trond vide ond distant en aight hand vide (©) R (D) sQ.6 — Q.10 Carry TWO marks Each Q6 Residency is a famous housing complex with many well-established individuals among its residents. A recent survey conducted among the residents of the complex revealed that all of those residents who are well established in their respective fields happen to be academicians. The survey also revealed that most of these academicians are authors of some best-selling books. Based only on the information provided above, which one of the following statements can be logically inferred with certainty? (A) Some residents of the complex who are well established in their fields are also authors of some best-selling books. (B) All academicians residing in the complex are well established in their fields. ©) Some authors of best-selling books are residents of the complex who are well established in their fiel (D) Some academicians residing in the complex are well established in their fields.Q7 | Ankita has to climb 5 stairs starting at the ground, while respecting the following rules: 1. Atany stage, Ankita can move either one or two stairs up. 2. Atany stage, Ankita cannot move to a lower step. Let F() denote the number of possible ways in which Ankita can reach the N™ stair. For example, F(1) = 1, F(2) = 2, F(3) = 3. ‘The value of F(S) is A [8° |? © |6 wm) |5 Ankita can enly mere Loc 3. Steps. € 1 step in each mee 3 A-B-C-D-E © 2 Step-Astep- dstep $ Ae-co-E @ 2 step-sékep- 2step 44-c- 06 @ 2 Step= 2Step-istep: AA-cO-E @ 1 steps - \ step-1etep - A steps 1 A-B-c-DE &® (step - \ step - 2 sheps- 1 step > A-aB-cp-e& © [step - 2 Step- 18tea- 1 Mep A -ec-D-E @ Asteps- 1sfep- Istep- J) step > 4B-c-0-EQs ‘The information contained in DNA is used to synthesize proteins that are necessary for the functioning of life. DNA is composed of four nucleotides: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G). The information contained in DNA. can then be thought of as a sequence of these four nucleotides: A, T, C, and G. DNA has coding and non-coding regions. Coding regions—where the sequence of these nucleotides are read in groups of three to produce individual amino acids—constitute only about 2% of human DNA. For example, the triplet of nucleotides CCG codes for the amino acid glycine, while the triplet GGA codes for the amino acid proline. Multiple amino acids are then assembled to form a protein. Based only on the information provided above, which of the following statements can be logically inferred with certainty? () The majority of human DNA has no role in the synthesis of proteins. (ii) The function of about 98% of human DNA is not understood. (A) | only @ (B) | only Gi) (©) __ | both Gj and Git) (D) | neither (i) nor Gi) G) nucteetide sequence of &,T,C,G constitute ay op Dna. thet deant mean ctor Ay, hae, Ad rele in synthass cf} protein, G AT % 8 nen ceding cagien » buk they fave role, in other preecerrerQ.9 | Which one of the given figures P, Q, R and S represents the graph of the following function? FQ) = lx+2)-Ix- 1] (B) |Q () |R (D) |S fom He 2, $2 I-24 — F2-11) = f=4=3)4} = | as) oy for ba 4 , fle) = |l-At2tr i-4-att aliiq3) = S11 = l2-5 | =\-31 =3Q10 An opaque cylinder (shown below) is suspended in the path of a parallel beam of light, such that its shadow is cast on a screen oriented perpendicular to the direction of the light beam, The cylinder can be reoriented in any direction within the light beam. Under these conditions, which one of the shadows P, Q, R, and $ is NOT possible? Opaque cylinderPART A: COMPULSORY SECTION FOR ALL CANDIDATES Q.U1 - Q.17 Carry ONE mark Each Q.11_| Which of the following is a chronostratigraphic unit? (A) Member (B) (© Acme Zone (D) Period Geoehronelo gic unit - The specific inteewah o& time dusring, which a streak graphic unit bs ckeperited. Chreenostucbiqnaphic unit” mock units, hak were formed dureingy a specific intewol of geologic Aime .Q12 During contact metamorphism, with increasing temperature, (A) __| the ratio of volume to surface area of mineral grains increases. (B) _ | the ratio of volume to surface area of mineral grains decreases. (C) _ | the reaction kinetics becomes slower. (D) _| hydrous minerals become more stable. ~ Q@main surface lacks Febap tuwnoundect crugsal Lodtice fo maintain eleMottoabic site Stabily The exwn energg ot hurfa come, inability ~ Increasing bemporobine renal in recuystelicalion tolich innreaeer Yorn Ve do mininize sucfae Gren j-€ volume to tunface arco mofo iNncneanrer BQ > oO ey) A gains cootorce re G into oO Longer grain, S,lrt, +8, +ic.| b> (oe Total Sunfow aren eh A groin it longer thon The bigge™ pain ond volume nm same Volume Castias aa antrod < ies sa‘The dimension of dynamic viscosity is (A) | M'LIT? © |M LT! @) | MT? | |_| ____ Shear stress Dynamic: wiseaibyp, = (ange of Velo) Change of distance Force / Area = (Herat) 1 “Time )* Length we Mam « accalenosion Keeng 2 a/ time _ mos RGB) x time (Cieaginy™ ~ san x (erte ) Qeength j= = mays time % Length Lore’ 3 0pressure (GPa) Qu Ata depth of about 400 km inside the Earth, which one of the following occurs? (A) Conversion of most silicates to perovskite structure (B) Conversion of plagioclase-peridotite to spinel-peridotite Conversion of spinel-peridotite to plagioclase-peridotite Plageodtare @? Spinek ak GP ky Spinck —7 GQamnek ok So km & clinine —y spinel 2 3 Nea ALO tem 200 ae Silicofe 4 Pennovekite BE Near. C0 kn 400. 410km discontinuity af 2 a3 eg* 600 “ 660km_ discontinuity Ca-Py CaSiO; iGQs Equatorial radius of which one of the following planets is closest to that of the Earth? (A) | Mercury ®) | Venus= (© | Mars (D) Neptune Planets Equotociall radius Neptune 24,622 km Venus 6,051.8 km Mars 3,389.5 km DB Mercury 2,439.7 kmQ.16 | Variation of Bouguer anomaly obtained along a profile after applying all the necessary corrections is due to (A) _ | topographic undulation above the datum plane. (B) _ | increase in densities of crustal rocks with depth. (C)__| lateral density variations. — (D) _| vertical density contrast across Moho. euguer carreckion %- Age = ©- 0414 Cas) (hb) volun of Age changes dur te cheage Lateral dearityy ofeng a profileQ.17 | The heat production (Q,) of a granitic rock due to decay of the radioactive elements U, Th and K having concentration Cu, Cm, and Cx, respectively, is given by the expression Q = aly + BCrn + ¥CK Which one of the following correctly represents the relation between the magnitude of coefficients a, B,y (in pWkg!)? (B) a

y © |a>p heck produced bey 4G Uroniuey P= teak produced by 1 kg Theoeiny Y = ent preduced by 1 ky. Petertruery Table4 Maximum antineutrino energy and heat production rates in natural decay processes (de Meijer et al., 2006; Fiorentini et al., 2005). Decay reaction Enax (MeV) Heat (uW kg” Us™pp+8He+Ge+ Ov 3.25 95 Th — Ph +6 “He+4e+4V 225 a7 “K > “Cat e+ 41.34 0.0036 - 80, a> pryQ.18 — Q.26 Carry TWO marks Each Q.18_ | Which one of the following Phanerozoic periods has the shortest duration of time? (A) Cambrian 54) 46 4¢5 Ma. Sb Mo (B) | Devonian = 41q to 384 Ma: GO Ma (© | Cretaceous \AS to 66 Ma + 44 Me () | Silurian = 44A tO 420 Ma + 24 Ma Q.19._ | Based on the given mineral proportions, which one of the following statements is 2 CORRECT? M- mofic minenol € = . . 4 TA ec minenoh Rock Mineral Proportion x Olivine : Orthopyroxene : Clinopyroxene :: 50 : 31 L ™ ™ Y Plagioclase : Alkali feldspar : Quartz. :: 25 : 45 : 30 F F - Zz Biotite : Plagioclase ; Alkali feldspar : Quartz :; 20 : 25: 35 : 20 M e e e [ccm Mais mpresfeletconspaneditos Kesey (B) | Xis more felsic compared to Y & Z © Z is more felsic compared to X & Y (D) _| Yis the most felsic and Z is the most mafic Rock, X + alk one mofe minenaly Rock Y : Wh ono felsic wmnenold Rock Zt beth mafic & felsic: minerals tHene, Y mere felaie companed to x QZQ.20 | The CORRECT sequence(s) of electromagnetic radiations in terms of increasing wavelength is/are mse.) (A) _[ Sammy < UV < Nears B) "| seaay< Visible ight fodes) = ©.0645 = £45 % CoQ25 Let us consider that a student misses cancelling the self-potential between potential electrodes before injecting current into the subsurface, in a Wenner electrical resistivity survey using DC resistivity meter over a horizontally stratified Earth. In direct and reverse modes of measurement (when current flows from C1 to C2 and C2 to Cl, respectively) with the same magnitude of current flow, the potential differences recorded are +158 mV and ~214 mV, respectively. The self-potential between the potential electrodes before injecting current was _1$& mV. [in integer) NOT SURE / 4Q.26 | Forthe given figure, considering Pratt’s model of isostatic compensation at the crust dary, the crustal density (p;) that explains 1.5 km deep lake is kg/m’, (Consider density of water py = 1000 kg/m’) [round off to 2 decimal places) t=30km ® 9.=2700 kgim* Continental 2 crust TTTTTTITT Mantle 9.23100 kg/m’ depth. of lake , A = 5 tem ‘Thicknen S} eentinentel cut , b = 30 lem Awieknon of cuit toeloo lake , t) = 30-45 = 28,9 km domnty ef water 4 fy > 106 kor /ms denmihp eh Continent cunt , fe = IFoo re/mt denmiby J curt blow toke . f= f Tetel pronuce af moho beled lake & conhacntel cust Should be the some » Ph, A Ses. FY fogh + fat, > ket 4 et fLel= Boh = Cato x30) - Goooxy.s) t, 2s.s~ = D489 AF ep /mtQ.27. | Which one of the following mineral pairs shows solid solubility through coupled substitution of elements? (A) | Albite - Anorthite- (B) _ | Albite - Orthoclase (C) | Grossular - Andradite (D) | Jadeite - Aegirine Coupled suoentubion t= Sumshtution fee a elements toke place simultancensly § Gne substitution inneorer choage 2, Tote change onethen subephetion decrema change \* balancad fibite & Anenthte NAM Sig0gs GAI,Si Og Nat + si4r > oth +448"Q.28 | The behavior of trace elements in magmatic systems follows (A) | Henry's Law (B) | Raoult’s Law (Cc) Fick’s Second Law (D) First Law of Thermodynamics The behoviouc of tram elements is almert always simpler that thot of magere clement Trow elements have concentrobion Len than OA wth. They lack outual interaction which js fhe base of Heary!s saw of Gilde aelukion -Q29 Choose the CORRECT statement regarding crystallization of a single feldspar of composition OrsoAbso in the Albite-Orthoclase system. (A) __ | The mineral can form in hypersolvus but not in subsolvus feldspar system. — (B) | ‘The mineral can form in subsolvus but not in hypersolvus feldspar system. (C) | The mineral can crystallize in both hypersolvus and subsolvus feldspar system. (D) The mineral can crystallize neither in hypersolvus nor in subsolvus feldspar system. Pio = 0-1 MPa = 200 MPa Pi0> 500 MPa 1200 liquid 1000 2 single K-rich g feldspar 3 single Na-rich 5 g 5 single feldspar Petes ie two feldspars ‘wo eldspars Ab Or Org Ab., Ab c Sub selveur Single felrpan with foalk comperition Usith cemposition Og Mog, Ores, Hog uvill foam is pewible a fUpans , ene of Orthocare cich and another of Mbite michQ.30 | Given AV, and AS, are the volume and entropy of reaction, respectively, the most suitable conditions for the reaction to be used as a geothermometer are (A) __| small AVs but large AS: (B) | small AS, but large AVe (C)__| positive AV, but negative AS, (D) _ | negative AV; but positive AS, deat theramometer \- fer on ideal thermometer , Temperature cf roockion shold ramain cemtents , inepectve oF Prone Sepe we ied ay Pp at eff OS | —1y, at Ov + whey AS am , WO Ov That mean dV w very voug Smolder than AasQ.31 | In which one of the given mass extinction events, global cooling that resulted in glaciation and lowering of sea level, is considered as major cause of extinction for more than 50% of marine fauna? (A) | Cretaceous ~ Paleogene (B) | Permian = "Triassic (©) _ | Ordovician — Silurian (D) | Holocene 60. 50: 40. 30. 20 10: 0 542 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Plot of extinction intensity (percentage of genera that are present in each interval of time but do not exist in the following interval) vs time in the past for marine genera.!"! Geological periods are annotated (by abbreviation and colour) above. The Permian-Triassic extinction event is the most significant event for marine genera, with just over 50%Q.32_| Processes of fossilization affecting an organism from its death to burial under sediments come under the study of (A) | Biostratinomy — (B) _| Biostratigraphy (©) | Taphonomy (D) | Taxonomy the study of the processes that take place after an organism dies to its final burial is called Biostratinomy. Interval Discipline Discovery “ FOSSILDIAGENESE” DIAGENETIC STUDIES BIOSTRATINOMY 4 PALEOECOLOGYQ.33. | The dip and dip direction of the lee side of a straight crested ripple on modern sediments are found to be 15° and N10°W, respectively. Considering unidirectional water movement, the flow direction is towards (A) || NIO°W (B) N70°E (Cc) S10°E. () | s70°-w Lee, forums in, douncwuent direction side and dips fewands the cuonnonk inaction. So, the foo Grecher is nowQ.34 Rhodocrosite in hand specimen is most likely to be confused with certain varieties of (A) | Wollastonite (B) | Orthoclase (©) | Gypsum (D) | Biotite wellastonite- Rhodomosite Beth shows coloure in shader of nek RBieiteQ.35__ | Which of the following is NOT an essential property of a mineral’? (A) | Natural occurrence (B) | Regular internal structure (©)__| Fixed composition (D) | Solid state A minenok a Nolurotly eccucing ae gid Requtan internal str ckurc compesitin. of a minerol is not fined . tt may vory within contain LimitQ.36 | The number of lattice points in a face-centered cubic unit cell is (A) 1 (@B) |2 (c) 3 @) = gM alem en ¢ comnen total : 4 ator } ots (on ¢ faces Total «3 ofema teteal number oF lattice points Batts 4Q3 17 | Alll the faces of an octahedron can be collectively symbolized by (A) 1 (Bn) C7 indicates axis © [ay ( ) indicates @ single face © Jamy { 7 indicokesr a group oF facwr- Q.38 | Shallow-focus earthquakes with tensional focal mechanism are characteristic of (A) | subduction zones. (B) | continental shear zones. (C) | transform faults. (D) _ | mid-ocean ridges, farthquokes amocioakd with MER unc, hore, dyprcontea, within 430 lun depth . Heaw thee one fer forthquarer Rf valley (divergence) 2 Shallow earthquakes (tension and normal faulting at divergent boundaries; srike-slip at transform faults)Q39 90% of the bulk Earth is constituted of Fe, Si, O and ) jal (B) | Ca (© |Mg (D) | Na MaganesianQ.40_ | Which of the following is/are slope stabilization method(s)? (A) | Bolting” (B) Application of shotcrete (C)__| Use of impression packer (D) | Use of geogrid Packer Orientation into slepy gqpreuod ured to moke impaornon ey ide sh borehole wall on @ wax covened paper‘The amount of Fe in a sample of 25 g of pyrrhotite (FeS) is _15+SS___g. (Atomic wt. of Fe = 55.85 and S = 32.06) [round off to 2 decimal places} weight of 1 mele Fes oS.89 + 32.06 SEM g D0. oh mela eh FeSin ASg FeS bs 0 aS = 9.2¢438 meter StU A mole Fed Aas 2 mole 0.98438 motes FeS toy 9-29423¢ motu Fe weight of 1 mele Pe = GBF Ge weight sf 0-284 mole. Fe OS .€5 x 0.IF4Z¢ “NS SEG. Q42 km wide sea is 40 mnv/year. The spreading began GO million years before present. [in integer] The rate of spreading about a symmetric spreading center at the middle of a 4000 2e00 kn- + _ 4000 km — MER > AO mm/ yearn Spreading noke = distance moved bp ser Stoo duration of time 3 40 mnyy = 2000 km T 4 t= 2000 x 10% mm = Go xIv* yea AO mm/y = GO million year43 | A vertical aerial photograph is obtained over flat terrain with a 30 cm focal-length camera lens from an altitude of 18288 m. If the width of a dolerite dyke on this vertical photograph is 2 mm, its actual width on the terrain is 1261.42. m. [round off to 2 decimal places} I decal lengthy ) 30 om altitade (Ay (S26E m oe KIECGO cm Seale of the vertical osniad photoqraph is focot ongty =| 2° AIptude IS 2ETOO a os 60%O et 41; Combe imm on Photograph i 6OALO MM on gpeend Ammo photopaph = 2% E0460 mm = 121420 mm 121-42 my 0Q.44 | The decay constant of a radioactive isotope is 1.21 x 10 year '. The half-life of the isotope is_G2% __years. [round off to nearest integer) Decoy comment , Ale itedtxt07* Yeo! Hott Wife, ty = 2693 01693 pot X al =| SF24)..2} (= (5724 Q.45_ | The given outcrop pattern on a flat topography represents Fold axis (A) antiform with axial culmination. (B) _ | horizontal fold. © plunging antiform. ©) | Seateempeilesinisiemesniny 5 ford Oris plunging fexands fold cone — Synform ~ Syaform Chews evel eutusp due do arial depramiensynferm ith arial cheprassion Jol ois plunging, tewends fold conc Q.46 | Match the following fossil taxa in Group I with their corresponding features in Group IL. Group 1 roup II P. Bryozoa, 1. Denticles Q. Ostracoda: 2. Chamber R. Foraminifera 3. Carapace S. Conodont }. Zooid (A) | P-4,Q-3,R-2, S-1 @®) | P3,Q4,R2,S4 ( P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3 (D) | P-3,Q-1,R-4, S-2Dentice Single tet of o Conedont is called a Denkele single exgomiem os a bryo20a colony ta cA ee0td Pd CryQ47_ | In the given schematic diagram, cross beds are exposed on a vertical rock face. The feature XY (bold line) represents a/an Y peel Tom (A) ___ | reactivation surface. — (B) _ | foreset of cross bed. (©) scoured channel base. (D) __| angular unconformity. Reach velton cunsace Enerional sundae at the cnr sh a Srinogueors dune deperitead by deminork tidal cunront end eneded By the sebendinok roveme cenrenk During the ment phar dlenwinon® Ktow cron, strat build up over the erertenal Rar fpace - Thin crerional surfau a cotlad rroclivation sunkace Reactivation surface (Erosion surface within a set of cross beds) daarang flew reivemod + =Q.48 ‘The schematic diagram represents thin section of a carbonate rock. The type of cement formed by large calcite crystals is known as (A) _ | overgrowth cement. (B) | poikilotopic cement. (©) _ | isopachous cement. (D)__ | meniscus cement. (a) Overgrowth cement (b) Poikilotopic cement Cement growth is in optical continuity with the adjacent grain Grains are enveloped in large crystals of cement (©) lsopachous cement Crystals of cement grow uniformly into pores [(d) Meniscus cement ‘Cement develops from drops of pore water attached to grainsQ.49 | Based on the three statements given below, choose the CORRECT option. Statement I: Echinoids have water vascular system. Statement II: Delthyrium and pedicle foramen are found in the brachial valve of brachiopods. Statement III: Cardinal teeth, adductor muscles and chondrophore are found in bivalves. (A) __| Statements I and III are correct, statement II is incorrect. (B) __ | Statements Il and III are correct, statement I is incorrect. (C) Statements I and II are correct, statement III is incorrect. (D) _| Statements I, Il and III are correct. terminal tentacle intemal ampuliae Pedicle. ambulacral plate ring canal extemal tube feet (echinotd ) chendeo phere addu chor muscle impo ken