Basics of biology (definitions)

Biology means study of living organisms

Chromosomes

A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most
living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes from cell to cell.
Chromatin
Chromatin refers to a mixture of DNA and proteins that form the chromosomes found in the
cells of humans and other higher organisms. Chromosomes are vectors of heredity.

Chromatids
each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during
cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.
 Basics of biology (definitions)

Sister and non sister chromatids

The main difference between sister and nonsister chromatids is
that sister chromatids contain the same allele in the same loci
whereas nonsister chromatids contain different alleles of the same
gene in the same loci.

Nonsister chromatids appear during the metaphase I of meiosis.

 Basics of biology (definitions)

Dominant

An allele that is expressed both in heterozygous and homozygous condition is

called dominant allele

.
 Basics of biology (definitions)

Recessive
Refers to a trait that is expressed only when genotype is homozygous; a
trait that tends to be masked by other inherited traits, yet persists in a
population among heterozygous genotypes.

Homozygous (genotype):

Being a homozygote having two identical alleles of the same gene. The
term is usually applied to one or more specific loci as in “homozygous
with respect to the locus W” (that is the genotype is W/W or w/w).

Heterozygous (genotype):

Being a heterozygote having two different alleles of the same gene. The
term is usually applied to one or more specific loci as in “heterozygous
with respect to the locus W” (that is the genotype is W/w).