BASIC ECONOMICS

TUTORIAL 1
Ten Principles of Economics

THE TUTORIAL
This week’s tutorial looks at Ten Principles of Economics. Please prepare these problems
prior to attending tutorials.
 Quick Quiz (p.6, 10, 13 – Text book)
 Problems and Applications (1 - Text book)
 True/False
 Multiple choice

READING GUIDE
Review chapter 1 of Principles of Economics (9th edition) – N. Gregory Mankiw as
preparation for this tutorial. You should also look overcarefully your lectures notes for
Week 1.

TRUE/FALSE

TRUE FALSE

1. Scarcity means that there is less of a good or resource available

than people wish to have
2. An individual deciding how to allocate her limited time is
dealing with both scarcity and trade-offs.
3. A marginal change is a small incremental adjustment to an
existing plan of action
4. A rational decisionmaker takes an action if and only if the
marginal cost exceeds the marginal benefit.
5. The invisible hand ensures that economic prosperity is
distributed equally.

MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. When a society cannot produce all the goods
and services people wish to have, it is said
that the economy is experiencing:
Ⓐ scarcity
Ⓑ surpluses
Ⓒ inefficiencies
Ⓓ inequalities
2. The overriding reason as to why households
and societies face many decisions is that:
Ⓐ resources are scarce
Ⓑ goods and services are not scarce
Ⓒ incomes fluctuate with business cycles
Ⓓ people, by nature, tend to disagree
3. Guns and butter are used to represent the
classic societal tradeoff between spending
on
Ⓐ durable and nondurable goods
Ⓑ imports and exports
Ⓒ national defense and consumer goods
Ⓓ law enforcement and agriculture
4. A typical society strives to get the most it
can from its scarce resources. At the same
time, the society attempts to distribute the
benefits of those resources to the members
of the society in a fair manner. In other
words, the society faces a tradeoff between
Ⓐ guns and butter
Ⓑ efficiency and equality
Ⓒ inflation and unemployment
Ⓓ work and leisure
5. In economics, the cost of something is
Ⓐ the dollar amount of obtaining it
Ⓑ always measured in units of time
given up to get it
Ⓒ what you give up to get it
Ⓓ often impossible to quantify, even in
principle
6. Mallory decides to spend three hours
working overtime rather than watching a
video with her friends. She earns $8 an hour.
Her opportunity cost of working is
Ⓐ the $24 she earns working
Ⓑ the $24 minus the enjoyment she
would have received from watching
the video
Ⓒ the enjoyment she would have
received had she watched the video
Ⓓ nothing, since she would have
received less than $24 of enjoyment
from the video
7. A rational decisionmaker takes an action if
and only if
Ⓐ the marginal benefit of the action
exceeds the marginal cost of the
action
Ⓑ the marginal cost of the action
exceeds the marginal benefit of the
action
Ⓒ the marginal cost of the action is zero
Ⓓ the opportunity cost of the action is
zero
8. Which of the following is NOT one of the
three basic economic questions that each
society must answer
Ⓐ What goods and services are to be
produced?
Ⓑ How are the goods and services to be
produced?
Ⓒ Who decides what goods and
services are in demand?
Ⓓ Who will receive the goods and
services?
9. Which of the following is a macroeconomic
topic?
Ⓐ why plumbers earn more than
janitors
Ⓑ the reasons for the rise in average
prices
Ⓒ whether the army should buy more
tanks or more rockets
Ⓓ the reasons for a rise in the price of
orange juice
10. Microeconomics focuses on all of the
following EXCEPT
Ⓐ the effect of increasing the money
supply on inflation
Ⓑ the purchasing decisions that an
individual consumer makes
Ⓒ the effect of an increase in the tax on
cigarettes on cigarette sales
 Ⓓ the hiring decisions that a business
makes
11. The invisible hand refers to
Ⓐ how central planners made economic
decisions
Ⓑ how the decisions of households and
firms lead to desirable market
outcomes
Ⓒ the control that large firms have over
the economy
Ⓓ government regulations without
which the economy would be less
efficient
12. Sarah earns $40,000 per year working for a
large corporation. She is thinking of quitting
this job to work fulltime in her own
business. She will invest her savings of
$50,000 (which currently has an annual 10%
rate of return) into the business. Her annual
opportunity cost of this new business is
Ⓐ $0
Ⓑ $40,000
Ⓒ $45,000
Ⓓ $90,000