PART-A| Al. Fill in the blanks. (a) The normal distribution is an approximation to Bino : Aomial distribution. (b) The normal distribution with X = 0 and o = 1 is known standard normal distribution. (c) The mean plus and minus 1.96 standard deviation includes 68.279, of the items in normal distribution. A2. For the normal distribution, skewness is .... Symmetrical. A3. The heights of college students in Chennai are normally distributed with standard deviation 6 cm and sample of 100 students had their mean height 158 cm. Test the hypothesis that the mean height of college students in Chennai is 160 cm at 1% level of significance: [A.U N/D 2011] Solution : Given : n = 100, «= 160, 5 =6 cm, x= 158 cm, a = 1% 1. Hy: « = 160 2. Hy: # 160 [use two-tailed test] 3. a =1% 4. Critical region : ~Za/r= -258 Za/2 = 258 5. Test test statistic (X-m_ 158 — 160 |Z] =. 333, 4 ifs oe) 33 | iz) a 258 va} (vi00 Use So, we reject Hotesting_of Hypothesis te aaaensetnintiseaeteaeeeee 1.3 é Conclusion : If -Zay2 < Z < Zayy then accept Ho; otherwise, we reject H, Here -2.58 4-333 pia : So, we reject Hy at 1% level of significance. A4. A random sample of 200 tins of coconut oil gave an average weight of 4.95 kgs. With a standard deviation of 0.21 kg. Do we accept that the net weight is 5 kgs per tin at 5% level ? [AU M/J 2013) Solution : Given : n = 200, u =5, s = 0.21, x= 495, a =5% 1 Ho: h=S 2. Hy: # #5 [use two-tailed test] 3. a = 5% 4,‘ Critical region : -Zajr=-19% —» Za/1=1% 5. The test statistic y-m _ 495-5 2-75) 7 (oa =a vn}. \¥200) [Z| = 3.36, 6. Conclusion : If |Z| = 336 4 1.96, then we reject Ho.G. Bag, 1.10 lai IQ, \ Fill in the blanks. : Al. The variable ¢-distribution ranges from — to 2, ‘A2, t and F tests are used only for small samples. A3. t distribution is symmetrical about t = 0 and has a mean 2 A4. Define student’s t-test for difference of means of two Sample -% t= as with df. ny +12 —2 S =\2 2 _ E@-%) +2 -%) a ny +n,-2 where 5’ AS. Write down the formula of test statistic ‘’ to test the significanc of difference between the means (large samples). X41 -%; z- 18-hl 8 My Te 1, ¥, sample means ; st, 83 sample variances 31, Mz sample sizes A6. What is the assumption of t-test ? (i) The parent population from which sample is drawn is normal, (ii) The sample observation are independent are that is sample random. (ii) The population standard deviation o is unknown, (iv) Sample size n < 30, A7. Student “ distribution is used to test ...... - (or) What are the applications of t-distribution? [AU A/M 2011] To test the significance of the difference of the mean of a randot sample and the mean of the population. dL.Testing of Hypothesis 2. To test the Significance of A8. If two samples are taken from two population of unequal variances can we apply t-test to test the difference of mean, We can not apply t-test because See the assumptions population variances are’ equal and unknown, A9. State the important Properties of ‘t’ distribution. 1. The probability curve of the t-distribution is similar to the standard normal. curve and is symmetric about ¢ = 0, bell-shaped and asymptotic to the t-axis. 2. For sufficiently large value of n, the ¢-distribution tends to the standard normal distribution, 3. . The mean of the ¢-distribution is zero. / The variance of the t-distribution is —"—, if n >2 and is greater than 1, but it tends to 1 as vy -> o,Al. Define 7 test of goodness of fit. [A.U A/M 2010, N/D 2014] Chi square test of goodness of fit is a test to find if the deviation of the experiment from theory is just by chance or it is due to the inadequacy of the theory to fit the observed data. By this test, we test whether differences between observed and expected frequencies are significant or not. : . Chi-square test statistic of goodness | of fit is defined by ¢ = 2 O=B! where O is the observed frequency and E the expected frequency. A2. Give the main use of xr test. 1. To test the significance of discrepancy between experimental values and the theoretical values, obtained under some theory or hypothesis. 2. With the help of 72 test we can find out whether two or more attributes are associated or not. 3, Write the condition for the application of ¢ test. (OR) State the conditions for the applying ¢ test. [A.U. N/D 2003, A/M 2011, M/J 2014] (i) The sample observations should be independent.G, Balajis [Q & 1.20 must be linear, (i) Constraints 00 the cel (ii) N, the total frequency, oy (iv) No theoretical cell frequency should be less tl ; lt i table frequencies of 2X 2 contingency bi Ad. are the expected frequ mae m s " iI frequencies, if any, should be atleast 50. a |b c |d Expected frequency table : where N = atb+c+d |AS. Give two applications of 7 test. [A.U. May 2000, N/D 2006, A/M 2008, M/J 2010, M/J 2012) 1. To test the goodness of fit. 2, To test the independent of attributes 3. To test the homogencous of independent estimation! Solution : 4, The population variance ... etc. AG. For a 2X 2 contingency table +t , write down the corresponding 7” value. [A.U. N/D 2004, 2005] Solution : 2 > N(@d=be) G@+b)c¢+da@toqa@td)4 [Type 4, Problems based on ell If S7 > S3, then F If 57 < S3, then F . Fill in the blanks. The range of F-distribution is 1 to © To test if the two samples have come from the same populatio: we use F test. . Say True or False. t and F tests are used only for small samples. Ans. True, The value of F is always F > 0 Ans. TrueG. Balaj’s [9 K 138 . ‘ion. A3. Draw the rough sketch of F distributio! Fa ‘A4. State the important properties of ‘F’ distribution. 1. The square of the t-variate with n degrees of freedom follows F = distribution with 1 and n degrees of freedom. v: 2 >2) W=2 (v2 > 2) 2, The mean of the F-distribution is 3. The variance of the F-distribution is 2tn= 2 (2>4) ¥4 (Y= 2)" (v2 — 4) AS. Write the application of ‘F’-test and 7 (chi-square test). Solution : Application of 77 test [AU M/J 2009 (i) To test the goodness of fit. (ii) To test the "independence of attributes", (iii) To test the significance of discrepancy between experimental valu’ and the theoretical values, Applications of F test @ To test whether there is any significant difference between estimates of population variance, (ii) To test if the two Samples have come from the same populatio?