COURSE NAME : Fundamentals of Electrical & Electronics Engineering COURSE CODE :2031 Scoring Indicators QID :2106220063 QNo Scoring _ Split | Sub | Total Indlentors score | Total | score PARTA 9 1.1 Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between) 1 | 1 0 points is directly proportional to the voltage across the if {wo points,at constant temperature. L2 |100V 1 7 L3 PA V8V,I,cos® or P=3V,yl,cos 0 le ies 1.4 kilo watt-hour (kWh) or I unit 1 1 LS [10<10° O or 10kN #5% Hl 1 L6 |17pF t 1 17 Rectifier Tare 18 Tat Hl Anode cathode 1.9 [Active region ry iat PART B ha Lt Figure -1 mark, 3 Explanation-2 mar I [Explanation > AC voltage is generated by rotating a coil in a stationarymagnetic field. > The magnitude of emf induced depends on ( Speed: The speed at which coil rotates inside the magnetic field. (ii) Strength: The strength of the magnetic field, (ii) Length: The length of the conductor passing hrough the field. > The load is connected across the coil with the help of brushes and slip rings. 1.2 | }The line bringing electric power from supplier's low 3 voltage distribution up to the energy meter installed at | 2 the consumer's premises is called the service connection > Overhead service line and underground service line Purpose 1 > It helps to transmit electricity from low tension to the consumer meter board. 1.3 Definitions T+T¥1 lActive power is the power that actually powers the equipment]! 3 lind performs useful work. Unit is kW. Reactive Power is the power that magnetic equipment (transformer, motor and relay) needs to produce the 1 magnetizing flux. Unit is kVAR. [Apparent Power is the total power flowing and is measured as the product of voltage and current. Unit is kVA. IL 4 [Total power in kW= 3%60% 10 kW= 0.18kW re JOperating time (in hrs)=5 jumber of Units= 0.18%5=0.9 Units 2 aFrequency:~ Number of cycles per second, Unit Hz. i. Maximum value: it is the maximum value attained by an} laltemnating quantity during one cycle. ii, Time period: itis the time taken to complete one complete| cle. T=1/f jv. Cycle:- A cycle is a single repetition of "back and forth’ Iternating current flow. Waveform Z Vv Series Combination-2 mark Parallel combination-2 man it Any three comparisons (3 x1)=3Marks (Three resistors are in series connection [Three resistors are in parallel connection 7 WF —— {Comparison between series and parallel circuit Series Circuit Parallel Circuit T [Same Current flowing | Different current is, through all the elements | flowing 2 [All components are] All components are connected in a line. arranged parallel to each other. 3 | voltage across the | Same voltage is appear ‘components is| across all_—the different components, iosorking > The working principle is based on Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induetion, > When the primary winding is energized with an AC voltage, an alternating flux is produced in the coil. > The secondary winding which is very close to the primary winding, some portion of the magnetic flux links with the secondary coil. > According to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, there will be an EMF induced in the second winding, If the circuit of this secondary winding is closed, then a current will flow through it. This is the basic working principle of a transformer, ‘Turns ratio of Transformer [Let Ni be the number of tums of primary winding, No be the jumber tums of the secondary winding, be the voltage induced in primary coil and V2 be the voltag ‘secondary coil, then turns ratio of the transformer is Nz _ Vz te XI Definition-. Specifications (4%1)=4Mark [The capacitance of any capacitors its ability to store charge ale (Q= Charge /= Potential across capacitor. [The SI unit of capacitance is farad(F), Specifications (explain any four specifications) Il. Capacitance Value 2. Voltage Rating ‘Temperature Co-efficient Frequency Range ielectric Constant 6. Dieleciric Strength aE1.5 Any three points- 3marks| Dangers from electricity are due to: [> Electric shocks resulting in burns, injury, deaths. Electtic flash-overs resulting in deaths, fires, damages. b> > Blectric faults resulting in arcing, explosions and fires. | > > Explosion in electrical equipment resulting in damage to installation and death. > Fire hazards resulting in destruction ,loss oflife and release of smoke, dust gases which spread over large areas quickly. IL.6 > Fixed resistors > Variable resistors 3 D> Carbon composition resistors b> Wire wound resistors, 1.7 Half wave Center tapped full Any wave ae No. OF diodes 1 2 aie Need of center | No need Need 3e1 tapped transformer Efficiency 40% (low) 82% (high) Ripples High low Ripple factor 121 0.48IL& Symbol-Imar 3 Forward biased diagram-1 mar] He ircuit diagram-1 mar [Symbol ref > (a) Forward Biased > Anode is connected to Positive and Cathode is connected to negative terminal of a battery, then the diode is in forward biased, >> Current flowing through the diode. 1.9 Any three applications 3«1=3 Marks 3 |I. voltage regulator ial 2. reference element Surge suppressor #. Clipping circuit |5. Switching applications TL.10 1 ¢2 b3 3 1 a2 3 1 b2 a3 PART C 42 UL. Definitions 4*1=4marks| Waveform -3 mark on4 ]If one component | Other components will break down, the whole | functioned even if one circuit is burn out component is faulty v am 129m 1 apuenttal| i i 15x20 _ Resistance of parallel connection=15]20=F55 = 8579 | [Effective resistance Ren 12+8.57= 20.57 Q 2 (Current = V/Re = 120/ 20.57= 5.83. A 2 VI (V=100 sin 628t is equivalent to v=Vm sinat ‘a) Amplitude= Va=100 V 1 (b) Frequency, f= «/2n= 628/2n=100 Hz. 2 (c) Time period, T=1/£=1/100= 0.01seconds=10ms 2 4) Instantaneous value at t=3s is 2 V=100sin(628%3)=99.45V VII |i-Total connected load in kW=(5*60*105) + 3 1750%10°}+(460%10"}+(1x750%103)= 2,04KW li. Energy consumption in kWh in one day=(5%60%103 x8) + 1% 750% 10 <1)-+(4%60%103 x10}#(1 750% 107 2 2)-7.05kWh ii. Total energy consumption for the month of june=7.05%30=21 1.5 kWh 2 [Electricity bill= 211.5*7-Rs.1480.5 Vii 2 (a)Impedance Z=. {ie + X2=V70? + 502= 860 : b) Power factor, cos®= R/Z=70/86-0.81 1 ©) Current I= V/Z=300/86=3.48A 2 64w Active power P= VIcos= 300*3.48x0,8 => > > It is a property of an electric circuit by which ar > Lis used to represent it and Henry is the ST unit of >» Inductance depends on the Number of turns, coil area, > When there is a change in the current or magnetic flux in futual inductance b> M = HolirNaN2d electromotive force is induced in it by a variation of current either in the circuit itself or in a neighboring circuit inductance Core material and core length. elf Inductance Sell iductance is the tendeney of a coil to resist change: in current in itself, the coil , an emf'is induced in the coil. This phenomena i due to the property called self inductance of the coil L=Ne The self-inductance of the coil depends upon its length] number of tums, area of cross-section and the permeability of the material ofits core. Here the induced current is affects the main current. When there is a change in current or magnetic flux linked! with two coils, an opposing emf produced in each coil, these phenomena is termed as mutual inductance. 1 Here the induced current is produced in the second coil, therefore main current is not affected. Be7. Power Factor. XI Explain colour band coding-3 marks Example -1 mart Explain tolerance value-2 marks Example-1 marl 3rd Band | 4th Band Color ast ed | ‘stBand 2nd Bord | unipier | Tolerance ‘Black _| aa aoa | itoa [anno ‘Example (Tolerance band - gold ans silver (explain with example) XIIL_ Full wave bridge rectifier circuit diagram ° " | TOUforking >> During positive half cycle D1 D2 become forward biased| and D3 D4 reverse biased. The current is flowing through| DI Ri D2 path, >> During negative half cycle, D3 D4. become forward biased and DI D2 Reverse biased. The current path is D4 RL D3. > An amplifier is an electronic circuit, capable to amplify signals. > A transistor can wor as an amplifier when it is in the active region. For that DC biasing is required. D> When input circuit is forward biased and output circuit is reverse biased, then the transistor is in active region. > Weak Signal is applied between Emitter-Base junction. The output signal is taken across load Re. [> As the input has low resistance, a small change in signal voltage cause an appreciable change in emitter current. [This causes almost same change in collector current due to rransistor action. The collector current flowing through Re produces large voltage across it Thus a weak signal is applied ftppears in the amplified form in the collector circuit.