Process Piping ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD He eeASME B31.3-2004 (Revision of ASME B31.3-2002) Process Piping ASME CODE FOR PRESSURE PIPING, B31 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Cs Ou Ce TTT Three Park Avenue * New York, NY 10016Date oF suance: api 28, 2008 Mandatory Date: Qetober 21, 2005 ‘his edition wos ggproved by the American National Stadarcs lastote and designated ASHE 531.3-2004 on jane 24, 2004. The next edition of this Code ic scheduled for publication in 2008. There will he no addenda Issued to ASME B31.2-2004, ASINE Issues vattlen replies to Inquiries concerning Interpretations of technical aspects of the Code, Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committes Pages at http:// ‘weew.asme-orgfcodes/ as they are issued, Periodically certsin actions of the ASIME B21 Committee will be published as Cases. While these Cases do not constitute formal revisions of the Code, they may be used in specifications, ar otherwise, as representing considered opinions of the Committe. The Cases are not part of the Code and ara. published separately ASHE Is the regltere¢ tacemar of The Ameicen Saclety of mechanical Engineers This code or standard was developed under procedures sccrcited as meeting the crteris for Amarcan Wational, stondords. The Standarts Commitese at approved the code or eandaré was balanced to assure hat inéulduals om ‘competent and concemed interests have Had zn opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made fvalable for public review ond comment, which provides on oppemirity for addtional bile Papi from Industry, acadenia, regulatory agencies, and the publica large ASHE does not “approve, “ate,” or “andorse™ any Rem, construction, prpvfacary davies, or act, ASHE does not tla any position with respect to the validly of any patent sights asserted in connection with any hrems mentioned tn tis document, end does not undertake to Insure anyone ulzing a standard against Maly for Infingement of ny apaticable Laer Paton, nor assume any such Uabilty. Users of code or standard are exressly advised that determination ofthe validity of any sich patent ights, andthe risk oF Infingement oF such rights, 1s tently thelr own responsibly. Pattipatcn by federal agency representatieats) or perscn() affliated with industry is not to be interpreted as over ment or rusry enforsement ofthis cod or stan dar. ASHE acceotsrespensitily for ont those insmpretatons issued in accordance with goveming ASME procedures and polls wich preclude the fssuance of Interpretations by Fisidval veluntwors. No pat of this document may be reproduces any fm, in an sleczoni retinal system or otherwise, vithour the pri writen penmssion ofthe publsher ‘The American Scciety of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New Yr, Mr 100165990, copyright © 2008 by THE AMERICA SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS llrightsreserved Printed in USA.CONTENTS Foreword Conumitige Personnel Ineroduction Sumenary of Changes Chapter! Scope and Definit ns 300 General Statements Chapter Design Part 4 Conditions and Criteria 3a Design Conditions 302 Design Criteria Part 2 Pressure Design of Piping Components 308 General 304 Pressure Design of Components Part 3 Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Components 305 Pipe 306 Filtings, Bends, Mitecs, Laps, and Branch Connections 307 Valves and Specialty Components 308 Flanges, Blanks. Flange Facings, and Gaskets 300 Bolting Part 4 Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Joints 310 General au Welded Joints 312 Flanged Joints 313 Bxpanded Joints 34 Theeaded Join's 35 ‘Tubing Joints 316 Caulked Joints a7 Soldered and Brazed Joints 318 Special Joints Part 5 Flexibility and Support aig Piping Flexibility 3a Piping Support Part 6 Systems 30 Specific Piping Systems Chapter IM Materials 3B General Requirements 36 Matesials — Miscellaneous Chapter IV Standands for Piping Components, 326 Dimensions and Ratings of Components, Chapter V_ Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection a0 General 328 Welding 30 Preheating 3a Heat Trea tment 332 Bending and Forming 333 Brazing and Soldering xi sol vill998 Chapter Vi 39 4 342 Ere) aut a5 948 Chapter VI A300 Part 1 ABOL A302 Part 2 Am03 Ags Part 3 ARS A206 AR? A308 AID Part 6 ATO Ag As? ANS Aga AgLS A316 ANB Part 5 ALY ARL Part 6 A322 Part 7 AR3 ARS Part 8 ANG Part 9 ADT ARB AR9 A332 ABBA ARS Part 10 AMO AML AMZ AUB Assembly and Erection Inspection, Exam Inspection Examination Examination Personnel Examination Froceduces Types of Examination Testing Records jon, and Testing Nonmetallic Piping and Piping Lined With Nonmetals General Statements Conditions and Criteria Design Conditions Design Criteria Pressure Design of Piping Components General Pressure Design of Piping Components Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Components Pipe Nonanvale Ringe, Bend, hac Lape, and Branch Cennesions Nonmetallic Valves and Specialty Components Flanges, Blanks, Flange Pacings, and Gaskets Bolting Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Joints General Bonded Joints in Plastics Flanged Joints Expanded Joints Theeaded Joinis Tubing Joints Cautked Joints Special [oines Flexibility and Support Flexibility of Nonmetallic Piping Piping Suppoct ‘Systems Specific Piping Systems Materials Generel Requirements Materials — Miscellaneous ‘Standards for Piping Components Dimensions and Ratings of Components Fabrication, Assembly, and Erect General Bonding of Plastics Fabrication of Piping Lined With Nonmetals Bending and Forming Joining Nonplastic Piping Assemisly and Erection Inspection, Examination, and Testing Inspection Examination Examination Personnel Examination Froceducesagad A345 A346 Chapter Vil 300 Part 1 Maal M02 Part 2 G03 Nod Part 3 M05 306 Nao? nae. 109) Part 4 test) Mall MalZ NGI3 Nad vast nae nei Mag Part nai Naat Part 6 322 Part 7 M303 nas, Part 8 Mas Part 9 327 Mae 1020 nOaL 332 Naas, Part 10 M340 irene vere) Mats nat N45 Mae6 Types of Examination Testing, Records Piping for Category M Fluid Service General Statements Conditions and Criteria Design Conditions Design Critecia Pressure Design of Metallic Piping Components Genesal Pressure Design of Metallic Components Fluid Service Requirements for Metallic Piping Components Pipe Metalic Fittings, Bends, Mitecs, Laps, and Branch Connections Menalic Valves and Specialty Components Planges, Blanks, Flange Pacings, and Gaskets Bolting Fluid Service Requirements for Metalic Piping Joints Metallic Piping, General Welded Joints in Metallic Piping Flanged Joinis in Metallic Piping Expanded Joints in Metallic Piping Theeaded Joints in Metallic Piping Tubing Jaints in Metallic Piping, Caused Joinis Soldered and Brazed Joins Special Joints in Metallic Piping Flexibility and Support of Metallic Piping Plesdbility of Metallis Piping Piping Support ‘Systems Specific Piping Systems Metallic Materials General Requirements Matesials — Miscellaneous ‘Standards for Piping Components Dimensions and Ratings of Components, Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection of Metallic Pi General Welding of Metals Preheating of Metals Hat Treatment of Motels Bending and Forming of Metals Assembly and Freotion of Metallic Piping Inspection, Examination, Testing, and Records of Metallic Piping Inepection Examination Examination Personnel Examination Peocedures ‘Types of Examination Testing Recoscis Parts 14 Through 20, Comesponding to Chapter Vil MA00 Goneral Statements 98 99 9 10 wl 101 iL 11 102 302 102 102 102 102 Ww 103 103 108 108 108 108 108 103 103 304 304 0 ot 0k 304 304 104 104 ot 0k 105 105 105 105 105 105 106 105 105 105 105 106 106 106 106 108 105 106 105Part 11 MA3OL A302 Part 12 MA30 MA304 Part 13 MA3OS MA206 MARE MA308 MA309 Part 14 MABI0 MABIL MABLZ MAI MAST MASI MA3I6 MAI Part 15 MASI MA32L Part 16 MAg02 Part 17 Mag Part 18 MA206 Part 19 Magy MaA3I8 MA309 MA3G2 Mage MARE Part 20 MAgHO MAHI MABM2 MABHE MARI MAQ45 MA346 Chapter IK K300 Part 1 Ka01 £302 Part 2 303 Conditions and Criteria Design Conditions, Design Criteria Pressure Design of Nonmetallic Piping Components General Fresouce Design of Nonmetallic Components Fluid Service Requirements for Nonmetallic Piping Components Pipe Nonmetallic Pitings, Bends, Miters, Laps, and Branch Connections Nonmetailie Yalves and Specialty Componeata Flanges, Blanks, Flange Facings, and Gaskets Bolting Fluid Service Requirements for Nonmetallic Piping Joints General Bonded Joints Flanged Join's Exparcied Joints ‘Threaded Joints Tabing Joints in Nosmevalic Piping Caulked Toinis Special Join's Flexibility and Support of Nonmetallic Piping Piping Flexibility Piping Support Nonmetallic and Nonmetallic Lined Systems Specific Piping Systems Nonmetallic Materials Genoral Requirements Standards for Nonmetallic and Nonmetallic Lined Piping Components Dimensions and Ratings of Components Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection of Nonmetallic and Nonmetallic Lined Piping General Bonding of Plastics Fabrication of Piping Lined With Nonmetals Bending and Forming Joining Nonplastie Piping Assemisly and Erection Inspection, Examination, Testing, and Records of Nonmetallic and Nonmetallic Lined Piping Inspection Examination Examination Personnel Examination Proeeduces ‘Types of Examination Testing Records High Pressure Piping General Statements Conditions and Criteria Design Conditions Design Criteria Pressure Design of Piping Components General 106 106 106 106 106 17 17 1? 107 107 w? 107 107 107 107 wy 17 1? 107 17 107 wy 1? 17 7 107 18 108 103 108 18 103 103 108 108 108 108 18 108 108 108 108 108 108 108 19 109 109 109 10 2 2F304 Part 3 1306 oe 1308 1308 Part 4 R10 YOu ial K31g Kou Rais 1316 By IIs Part § K319 ran Part 6 a7 Part 7 1323 135 Bat 8 3% Part 9 1378 Pressure Design of High Pressure Components Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Components Pipe linge, Sends, and Branch Connestone Valves and Specialty Components Flanges, Blanks, Flange Facings, and Gaskets Bolting, Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Joints Genesal Welded Joints Flanged Join's Expanded Joints Theeaded joints Tubing Joints Caulked Joints Soldered and Brazed Joints Special Joints Flexibility and Support Flexibility Piping Support Systems Specific Piping Systems Materials General Requirements Miscellaneous Materials Standante for Piping Campanente Dimensions and Ratings of Components Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection General Welding Preheating Heat Treatonent Bending and Forming Brazing and Soldering Assembly and Erection Inspection, Examination, and Testing Inspection Examination Examination Personnel Examination Procedures ‘Types of Examination Testing, Records Diagsam IJustaating Application af £91.3 Piping at Bquipment Suess Range Reduction Factor f Nomenclature for Pipe Bends Nomenclature for Miter Bends Branch Connection Nomenclature ‘ Beteuded Outler Header Nomenclatsee Blanks Moments in Bends Moments in Branch Connections : Minimum Temperatures Without Lapact Testing for Carbon Steel Materials ; BL 2 2 a %6 79232.28 9783.2 9084.2 38.4.3 3284.4 8285 DA, 9085.18 8285.00 Reduction in Minimum Design Metal Temperature Without Impact Testing ‘Typical Backing Rings and Consumable Inserts ‘Typical Butt Weld End Preparation Trimming and Permitted Misalignment Preparation for Branch Connections Pillet Weld Size ‘Typical Details far Double Welded Slip-On and Socket Welding Flange ‘Attachment Welds ‘Minimum Welding Dimensions for Socket Welding Components Cther ‘Than Flanges 2285.44, B, C'Typical Welded Branch Connections 9285.40 3285.48 $2858 3353.8 9413.2 M85 £30333 K32843 Ka2854 Tables 3004 2023.80 3023.30, 3023.4 2041.1 3044.1 3082.1 eu2d 923,22 223204, 9233.4 3233.4 a3 9281 330.11 3114 9413.2 3232.2 AMB4IC Am3.43 A261 AMIE 202230 £30512 x23. KI23.35 Acceptable Details for Brana Attachment Welds Acceplable Details for Branch Attachment Suitable for 100% Radiography ‘Typical Fubticated Laps ‘Typital Threaded Joints Using Straight Threads ‘Typical Weld Imperfections ‘Typical Plastic Piping Toints Example of an Accepiable Impact Test Specimen Pipe Bored for Alignment: Trimming and Permitted Misalignment Some Acceptable Welded Branch Connections Suitable for 100% Radiography Status of Appendices in B33 Increased Casting Quality Factors, £, Atceptonce Levels os Cotngs Longitudinal Weld Joint Quality Factos, E; ‘Values of Coefficient ¥ for §< D6 BPY Code References for Closures Peemissible Sizes/ Rating Classes for Slip-Cn Flanges Used as Lapped Flanges Minimum Thickness of Male Threaded Components Reguirements for Low Temperature Toughness Tests for Metals ‘Tabular Values for Minimum Temperatuses Without Impact Tasting for Carbon Stee] Materials Impact Testing Reguisemen's for Metals Charpy Impsct Test Temperature Reduction Minimum Requised Charpy V¢Notch Impact Values Component Standasds Preheat Temperatures Reguirements for Heat Treatment Acceptance Caitesia for Welds and Bxemination Methods for Bvaluating ‘Weld Imperiections Requirements for Low Temperature Toughness Tests for Nonmetals Recommended Temperature Limits for Reinfoseed Tharmasatting Resin Pipe Recommended Tempertute Lint fer Thetmopinstcs Used a8 Linings Component Standards Acceptance Criteria for Bonds Acceptable Severity Levels for Steel Castings Roguised Ultrasonia or Eddy Current Examination of Pipe and Tubing for Longitudinal Defects Impact Testing Requirements Minimum Required Charpy ¥Notch Impact Values ay 58 58 5a 59 0 6 60 a 61 68 95 12 15 6 u ia 5 5 30 22 9 53 3 ot n 89 89 99 21 12 6 w 1319264 ran32 Appendices Appendix A Component Standacds ‘Scceplanee Criteria for Welds Allowable Stresses and Quality Factors for Metallic Piping and Bolling Materials Specification Index for Appendix A Notes for Appencix A Tables Table A Basic Allowable Stresses in Tension for Metals Iron Castings Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes Pipes (Stauetural Grade) Plates and Sheets Plates and Sheets (Seructusal) Forgings and Fitings Castings Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel Pipes Plates Bosgings and Biting Castings Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes Plates and Sheets Porgings and Bittings Eas Castings Copper and Copper Alloy Fipes and Tubes Plates and Sheets Forgings Castings Nickel and Nickel Alloy Pipes and Tubes Plates and Sheets Forgings and Fittings Rod and Bar Castings Titeniurn anc Titanium Alloy Pipes and Tubes Plates and Sheets Fowings Zireosium and Zitsonsarn Alley Pipes and Tubes Plates and Sheets Forgings and Bar Aluminuin Alloy Seamless Pipes anc Tubes ‘Welded Pipes anid Tubes Stectusal Tubes Plates and Sheets Forgings and Fittings Castings Table AA Basic Casting Quality Factors &, wt 129 13 134 a7 1 lal yw 146 1s 18 18 18 150 182 154 155 158 162 164 168 168 wo v0 wm 2 va 1% ve 390 180 182 192 22 192 192 22 re 18 185 185 188 19 190Appendix B ‘Append C ‘Appendix D ‘Appendis ‘Appendix F Appendix & Appendix H ‘Appendix ] ‘Appendis K ‘Appeulia ‘Appendix M ‘Appendix P ‘Appendix Q Appendix $ ‘Appendix V ‘Appendix X Appenclix Z, Index Table A-1B Basic Quality Factors for Longitudinal Weld Joints in Pipes, ‘Tubes, and Fittings &, Carbon Steel Low and Intermediate Alloy Steal Stainless Sizel Copper and Copper Alloy Nickel and Nickel Alloy ‘Titanium and Manium Alloy Zirconium and Zieconiuen Alloy Aluminum Alien Table A-2 Design Stress Values for Bol Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Swainless Steel Copper and Copper Alloy Nickel and Nickel Alloy Aluminum Alloy Stress Tables and Allowable Pressure Tablas for Nommetals Physical Properties of Piping Materials, Plowibility and Stess Intensification Factors Reference Stardarcis Precautionary Considerations Safeguarding Sample Caleulaiions for Branch Reinforcement Nomenclature Allowable Stresses for High Pressuse Piping, ‘Alun Allvy Pips Fleuges Guide to Classifying Fluid Services Allernative Rules for Evaluating Stress Range Quality System Program Piping System Stress Analysis Examples Allowable Variations in Elevated Temperature Service Meiallic Bellows Expansion Joints Preparation of Technical Inguities, Materials im im 1g 192 492 193 3 193 im cers 4 14 194 200 200 202 280 25 288 208 204FOREWORD Responding to evident need and at the cequest af Phe American Society of Meckanieal Bngineers, the American Standards Association initiated Project E31 in Masch 1926, with ASME. as sole administrative sponsor, The breadth of the field involved sequised that membership of the Sec- tional Committee be craw trom some 40 engineering societies, industries, government bureaus, institutes, and trade associations Tnitial publication in 1935 was as the American Tentative Standeed Cade for Pressure Piping. Revisions from 1942 through 1955 were published as American Standard Code for Pressure Fiping, ASA B2L1. It was then decided te publish as separate documents the vatious industry Sections, beginning with ASA 6916-1985, Gas Transmission and Disisbution Piping Systems, ‘The first Petroleum Refinery Piping Code Section was designated ASA B9LZ1959, ASA B313 revisions were published in 1962 and 1966, In 1967-1069, the American Standaecs Association became frst the United States of America Standards Institute, then the American National Standards Institute. The Sectional Commitee became American National Standards Commitles B31 and the Code was renamed the American National Standard Code for Pressure Piping, The next B3L3 cevision was designated ANSI B31.3- 1973, Addenda were published through 1575 A dtaft Code Section for Chemical Plant Piping, prepated by Section Committee B31.6, vas ready for approval in 1974. [¢ was decided, rather than have two closely related Code Sections, to merge the Section Committees and develop a jaint Cade Section, titled Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping. The first edition was published as ANSI B31 3-1976. In this Coda, responsibility for piping design was conceptually integrated with that for the overall processing facility, with safeguarding recognized as an effective safety measure. Three eategosies of Fluid Service were identified, with a separate Chapter for Category M Fluid Secviee. Coverage for nonmetallic piping was intcoduced. New concepis were Detter defined in five Addenda, the last of which added Appendix M, a graphic aid to selection of the proper Fluid Service category ‘The Standards Committee wes reorganized in 1978 es a Committee operating under ASME proceduces vith ANSI accreditation, [tis now the ASME Code forPressurePiping, B31 Commitee Section committee structure remains essentially unchanged, ‘The second edition of Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinecy Fiping was compiled from the 1076 Baition and its five Addenda, with nonmetal eequirements editorially relocated to a separate Chapter. Hs new designation was ANSI/ASME B31 2.1980, Section Committee B91.10 had a draft Code for Cryogenic Piping seady for appsoval in 1981, Again, it was decided to merge the two Section Commitless and develop a more inclusive Code ‘with the came ttla, The work oF consolidation was partially completed in the ANSI/ ASME 831 3- 1084 Bitton. Significant changes were made in Addenda ta the 198d Fdition: integration of eepngenic requires ‘ments was completed; a new stand-alone Chapter on high-pressuce piping was added; and coverage of fabsication, inspection, testing, and allowable stresses vias reorganized. The new Edition was sedesignated as ASMB/ ANSI B21.3-1987 Edition, Addenda (o subsequent Editions, published at three-year intervals, have been primarily to keep te Code up-to-date, New Appendices have been added, however on zegulzements for bellows ecpansion joints, estimating service life, submittal of Inguicies, aluminum Sanges, and quality contol in the 1980, 1993, 1999, and 2002 Eulitions, all designated as ASME B313. Ina progratn to clarify the application ofall Sections of the Code for Pressure Piping, changes are being made in the Introduction and Scope statements of BI1.3, and its title is changed to Process Piping. “Under direction of ASME Codes and Standards management, metcic unils of measurement are being emphasized, With certain exceptions, SI metcic unite weve listed fist in the 1996 Edition and were designated as the standard, Insituctions for conversion are given where metric dataaxe not available, U.S, customary units also are given. Ey ageeement, sither system may be used. In this Edition of the Code, SI metric units are given first, with US, customary units in parentheses. Appendices H and X, the tablas in Appendices A and K, and Tables C-1, C-3, and C6 in Appendix C are exceptions. Values in metric units ase to be segarded as the standard, unless otherwise agteed between the contracting parties. Instructions aze given, in those tables that have not been converted for converting tabular data in US. units to appropriate ST units Interpretations are published on the ASME. Web site, (Go to wwwaaste org, elfek on Codes and Standards, click on Committee Pages, cliok on B31 Cade for Pressure Piping, and then click. on B313 Process Piping Section Committee.) Code Cases are published on the ASME Web site, [Go to wwwwasme.org, click on Codes and Standards, click on Committee Pages, click on B81 Code for Pressure Piping, and then click on REL Process Piping Section Comenittee )ASME CODE FOR PRESSURE PIPING, B31 (The Fllowing is the roster ofthe Committ atthe tine of epproval ofthis Code) OFFICERS LE Haydon, Vite chair PD. Stumpf, Sretane COMMITTEE PERSONNEL HLA. Ainsworth, Consultant 1 Aplty, ol Development. et, Fluor Ceriel nc. (CC snares neretse Poets A Roumuin, Consultant 1.5. Chin, 1 Paso Comp DLL caym, Parsons Ea PD. Flenner, Consumers Energy Co, Renner Engineering Services DLW. Fox, Oncor JW Frey, Reliant Rescues, DLR. Frilken, EecntEnginaesng Co PH. Gardner, Consuitert 4. Gren, For Gant, ne RW, Haupt, Pressure iping Engineating Assodates In LE Hayden, Je, Consultant . A Joly, YoztValues/Flowserve 1. M. Kelly, Consultant WJ. Koves, UoP Lic KC ses, Yor Intamational Fi, W.B. McGehee, Consultant LE. Reyer, Wiseough Coneuting, Ine. E. Nichalopoulos, Seneral Engineering and Commerdsl Ca ALD. Nanee, #0 Mance assodates, ne TJ. O'Grady, Veco Alaska nc. RG. Payne, sini Pont LT. Powers, Parsons Energy & Chersicals WV Richards, Consutene EH, Rinaea, Dominion Mirna Power | Rasenfeld, Sefver ss Aesocltes, ne |. Silvia, Process Engineers and Constncters, Ine. 1. Spero, Sper Engineering Series, inc Spohn il, Celemar penn Corp. . Stump, The Amerfcan Socety of technical Engineers L a Wathing, The Ferny Nuclear Power Part R W. sh Pp A RB. West, Site of ova 1831.3 PROCESS PIPING SECTION COMMITTEE W. J. Koves, Cho, UOP LLC G.Beeht Rice Chat, Becht Engineering Co, 1. Arancamondez, Secretary, Me Arerican Sodety of mechanical Engineers BLL Agee, GE Gas Turbines J Brdne, Consultant D.D. Chestian,vicraul Co. of amoics DLL. ayn, Parsons Enetgy & Chernials Group J. DrAvanzo, Dupont Engineering GE Davia, Crane valees DLW. Diehl Cao, inc. DLR. Edwards, Condes Philips J.P. Bllenberger,consultent RW. Engle, The Dow chemical Co. W.H. Estridge, Je, aler Kaemer Ec D. J Febzner, P< asa, Inc D.R. Frlten, Beet Enginesing Co. PH, Gardner, Concutert 1. . Glover, Hallourton Tech Service Co. 1. R Graulich, Ast mes Research Cantor R.A, Grichl, Fluor Daniel, nc B.S. Haris, Consultant RW. Haupt, Pressure Piping Engrg. Associates, Inc. RC Hawthorne, P78? US Bellon RB Hinkey, Consultant R.D. Hookway, Hoskovay Engineering T.W Johnson, ABB Lumnmus Giobal ne DB. Kadakia, 1D illameon, Ine. J.C buf, Black and Veatih Comp. W.W. Mllean, Hews Valves RA. Meload, General fled Gas Turing RJ edie, Sweet 1. Meyer, Widdoush Consulting, Ine T. ab Aller, Eestman Krak Co. waters Laborstony ¥.B. Molina Ml, sir Products end Chemicals, nc. RG. Nichola, Consultant J. Offa, Chevten Texaco .W. Rahoi, CCin 2000 AP Rangus, Bechtel RW, Rapp, Jes Corsutant 6. € Reinhardt, I, Team industries, ne. R.A Siema, Puce Daniel RJ Sila, Process Engineers and Corstuctors, mc, ALR. Sinmons, Pipe Febrcatng and Supply Co. JeL. Smith, jacobs Engineering Group F¥8 Tata, Fi Global QM. Truong, Refinery Technolgy, Inc 6. E.AWoods,Tecinip USA J. Young, Concultant ©. Zu, rion Fitings, Inc. LT. Wier, Hemarary temberB31.3 SUBGROUP ON ACTIVITIES B.C. Bassett, Consultant B.A. MeGrif,'SCO Indust, Lic R.K. Broyles, SR Foxonlks, nc, Pathway Blin ©. oom, Forcast 1G. Bumett, EX Inc. ath, DuPont A Clark, 480, nc. JM. Prawedzik, GF Carson Business Unit R.B. Davis, Ershiss nc. . 0, Ragall, Sout, Inc. 6. Guera |. Ray Mcdermott Engineering K.E,Sell, The Shaw Group 1831.3 INTERNATIONAL REVIEW NETWORK OF EXPERTS D. Stile, Shell Global Solutions Intemational B. F. Zerula, EP Exploration RW Temple, Consultant 831 ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE A.D. Nanee, Chait, 0 ence 85505, Ine RW. Haupt, Brcfctomtembn, Pressure Pang Engineering LE, Haydon, Je Vice Chak, Consultant eso Ie. FD. Stumpf, Secretary, Te American Society oF BR. Hatfmann, Facer Energy Regulatory Commission Medranical Engineers B. . Holbrook, Babcock Power, inc. K. C. Bodenfamer, nterrise Products Co, WB. McGehee, E-ofee trarber, Consultant PD. Flonnar, Fenner Enginazting Services E. Michalopaulas, Scneral Engineesing and Commercial Co. D.M. Fox, ona RB West, State of ows DR ikken, Bec Enginesring Co. B31 FABRICATION AND EXAMINATION COMMITTEE PD, Stumpf, Secretary, The American Sodtty oF | Saas, Corsuttant Mechanical Engineers BR. Silvia, Process Engineering & Constictrs, ne. W.G. Scruggs, DuPant We. Sporto, Spero Erginaaring Senfces, nc. B31 MATERIALS TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 1M. L Mayyar, cho, Beciel Power Corp. CL Henly, Bid anc Veatch 1. Lobo, Secreta, The american Sectety of R.A. Munley, Oynay widstream Services led arial Engingers .W, Rahoi, Ci 2000 5. Marham, City Fublic Services WV. Richards, Consultant 1H, H. Bares, Sabosta Blomberg & Assocates D. Rogell, Solu, inc. J. Cox, consuitsne RA Sehmiat, Tiri-Lacish RP, Doubler, 654 LLC Jeb Srith, Foster west RA. Grichul, Fir Bani, ne RJ. Young, Consultant B31 MECHANICAL DESIGN TECHNICAL ‘COMMITTEE RW Haupt, chat, Proscure Piging Enghertag A650. Inc 6, Mayors, eitgon Corp. S.J Rass, Secratsry, Te American Society of Tq. Metmuley, Ty Engineering, FC Mranical Engineers E. Nichalopoulas, General Engineering and Commercial Co. GLA, Antal, Wiashington Group 1. tinichelta,‘ramatome AP C Becht NM, Becht Enginzering Co. Tf O'Grady I, Vero Alaska, Inc J.P. Breen, ohn J. Niewilen assoc. A.W. Paulin, Pauls Research Group J.P Ellenberger, Consultant R.A Roblote, Robert A Robleto i, Fetaner, BEX alas, Inc AM. J, Rosenfeld, Kiefer fe Assocfates, Ine JA. Graziano, Tennessee Valley Authosity 6, Storck, Berkeley Engineering &: Research Inc 1D. Han, $8, inc EA, Wals, Wats and Assoclates, In B. P-Holbraok, Sebcock Power, ne 6. E. Woods, Technip USA WJ. Koves, UOP LLC E.€ Rodabaugh, Honorary tember, Consultant831 CONFERENCE GROUP TA. Rell, Bonnevile Power Admin 6. Bynog, State of Toca, TDLS Bater Divsfon R.A Coomas, State of Kentuc, Dept. of Housing/Boller Section LH. Haneath, Consultant C.J. Harvey, Alzbama Publ Service Conmfssion D.T. Jagger, Oho Department of Commerce ML. Kolb, Regie du Batiment ku Quebec ACT ban, hector Say Ascoation 2. 6. Marini, New Hampshire Publ Utilities Commission LW dat, taritota Deparment of Labour A.W. Melting, Fre snd aullding vier and Fressure Vessel Diiton . F. Mullaney, Solar and Pressure Vessel Safety Sranch Sher, Seat oF Cennectcit WM. & Sarda, Department cf Labor DLA. Starr, ebrosla Department of Labor D. J. Sturm, lows ities Seard RP Sullivan, The National Boaré of Boller and Pressure Wessel Inspectors |. £ Troppran, Civsion of Labor/ State oF Colorado Boller HL Watters, National Board of Boller and Pressure Vessel Inspectors WA West, Lighthouse Assistance, nc. TLE Wickham, Rhode island Depattrent of Labor B31 NATIONAL INTEREST REVIEW GROUP American Society of Heating, Refigeration and Air Conltfoning Engineers — H.R, omlrm Chemical anuFacurers Assocation — DR Fleken Copper Development Association — A. Cohen buatile ron Pipe Research Asscestion — T. Stroud Eeison Clete Institite — RL. lias International District Heating Association — 6. Von Bergen ‘Manufacturers Standardization Society ofthe Valve and Fittings Industry — fA, Schr Naforal AssocTaton of Fumbing Heating Cooling Contractors — Pf white National ered Pipe Welding Sureau —D. Nlooutard atonal Fire Protection Resocation — 7. C. Lene YYalve Manufacturers Assocston — R.A, HandschurmacherINTRODUCTION ‘The ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping consists of a number of individually published Sections, each an American National Standand, ander the direction of ASME Committee B31, Code far Presente Piping Riles for each Section reflect the kindsof piping installations considered during its development, 23 Follows: E311 Power Piping: piping typically found in electeic power generating stations, in industrial and institutional plants, geothermal heating systems, and central and disteictheating and cooling systems; pat Process Piping ping typically four in petcleum renee, chericel, phar mace, textile, paper, setniconcuctor, and eryogente plants, and related processing plants and terrninalsi B3L4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids: piping ‘rersporting products which are predominately liquid between plants and terminals and withia. terminals, pumping, regulating, and metering stations: B15 Refrigeration Piping: piping for refdigerants and secondary coolant 1318 Gas Teanspociation and Distribution Piping Systems: piping transporting producls which axe predominately gas between soumes and terminals, including compressor, regulating, and metering stations; gas gathering pipelines; B31.9 Building Services Piping: piping typically found in industrial, inatitational, commercial, and public buildings, and in mul-unit residences, which does not nequice the range oF sizes, plssouiss, quad teuipetatutss wureied 1a DSL, B31.11 Slurry Transportation Piping Systems: piping transporting aqueous slucties between plants and terminals and vrithin terminals, pumping, and segulating stations This is the B91.9 Process Piping Code Section. Heteafteg in this Introduction and in the text of this Code Section B31.3, where the word Code is used without specific identification, it means this Code Section Ik ie the owner's responsibility to select the Code Section which most nearly applies to 2 proposed piping installation, Factors to be considered by the owner include: limitations of the Code Section; jurisdictional sequisemants; and the applicability of other codes and standards, All applicable requirements of the selected Code Section shall be met, Bor some installations, mose thanone Code Section may apply to different pacts ofthe installation, The owner is also responsible for imposing requirements supplementary to those of the Code if necessary to assure sale piping for the proposed installation, Certain piging within a facility may be subject to olher codes and standacds, including but aot limited ANSI 2723.1 National Fue] Gas Code: piping for fuel gas from the point of delivery to the connection of each fuel utilization device; NEPA Fite Protection Standards: fire protection systems using water, carbon dioxide, halon, foam, dry chemicals, and wet chemicals; NEPA 99 Health Care Facilities: medical and laboratory gas systems; Building and plumbing codes, as applicable, for polable hot and cold water and for sewer and drain aystecns, ‘The Code sets forth engineering requirements deemed necessary for safe design and construc tion of pressure piping, While safely is the basic consideration, this factor alone will not necessacily govern the final specifications for any piping installation, The designer is cautioned that the Code is not a design handbook; it does not do away with the need for the designer or for competont engineering juclgmant ‘To the greatest possible extent Code requirements for design arestated in terms of basic desiga principles and formulas, These are supplemented, as necessary, with specific requirements to assure uniform application of principlesand to guideselectionand application of piping elements,The Code prohibits designs and practices known to be unsafe and contains warnings where caution, but not prohibition, is warsanted. ‘This Code Section includes (a) references to acceptable matesial specifications and component standards, including dimen- sional cequicements and pressure-temperature ratings: () requirements for design of components and assemblies, including piping supports; (o) requirements and data for evaluation and limitation of stresses, reactions, end movernents associated with pressure, temperature changes, and other forces; (a) guidance and limitations on the selection and application of materials, components. and joining methods; (e) requirements for the fabrication, assembly, and erection of piping: and (P. cequivements for examination, inspection, and testing of piping. ASME Committee B31 is organized and operates under procedures of The Amesican Society of Mechanical Engineecs which have been accredited by the American National Standards Inst= tute, Phe Committee is a continuing one, and keeps all Coce Sections current with new develop- ments in materials, construction, and industrial practice, New editions ate published’ at intervals of tive yeas Code users will note that clauses in the Code are not necessarily numbered consecutively. Such discontinuities result from following s common outline, insofar as practical, for all Code Sections, In this way, corresponding material is carcespondingly numbered in most Code Sections, thus facilitating reference by those who have occasion to use more than one Section, It is intended that this Edition of Code Section B31 not be retroactive, Unless agreement is specifically made between contracting pecties to use another issue, o: the regulatory body having jurisdiction imposes the use of another iseu, the latest Bdition issued at least 6 tnonths pricr t0 Use sufgtal evataet dave for Ute ust plse of tivity wvsilug ¢ pli lustallatiat sll be tle governing document for all design, materials, fabrication, erection, examination, anci testing for the piping until the completion of the work and initial operation. Users of this Code ote cotsttoned against making use of Code revisions without assurance that they are acceptable to the properauthoritiesin the jurisdiction where the piping is tobe installed, ‘The BSI Committee has established an orderly procedure to consider requests for interpretation and revision of Code requirements, To receive consideration, such request must be in wciting and must give full particulars in accordance with Appendix 2. The approved reply toan inquiry will be sent directly to the inquirer. In addition, the question and eeply will be published as part of an Interpretation supplement. A Case ip the prescribed form of reply when study indicates fat the Code wording needs clarification, or when the reply modifies existing requirements of the Code or grants permission to use new materials or alternative constcuctions, Proposed Cases are published in Medkinioal Engineering for public eeview. In adalition, the Case will be published as pert of a Case supplement. 4 Case is nocmnally issued fora litited period. IFat the end of that period it has been incorporated in the Code, or if no fusther use of its provisions is anticipated, it will be allowed © expise rtierwise, st will be renewed for a lnutted pertou A request for revision of the Code will be placed on the Committee's agenda Further information or active participation on the part of the proponent rray be requested curing consideration of a Proposed revision Materials ordinarily are listed in the Stress Tables only when sufficient usage in piping within the scope of the Code has been shown, Requests for listing shall include evidence of satisfactory usage and specific data to permit establishment of allowable stresses, maximum and mirignum temperatuce limits, and other restrictions, Additional etitetia can be found in the guidelines for addition of new materials in the ASME Boilec and Pressure Vessel Code, Section I end Section MIL, Division 1, Appendix 8. (To develop usage and gain experience, unlisted matecials may be ‘used én secordance with para, 3231.2) Metric versions of Tables &-1 and A-2 are in the course of preparation, Please refer to the B31.3 Process Piping Web pages at hip://cstools.asme.ong/ csconnect/ CommitieePages cfm,SUMMARY OF CHANGES Changes given below are identified on the pages by a margin note, (04), placed rext to the alfected azea Page Location Change sev, evil Tnteodction Last paragraph revised 1.2 3002 (1) Bist paragraph revised (2) Foomate F added (Q) Definition of braze awelding deleted a Table 2004 (1) Listings for Appendices P and $ added (2 Notes (4) and (5) redesignated as (6) and (4), respectively and new Note (6) added 1 3015.2 Revised 30153 Revised n 90222 Last sentence added 12,18 3023.2(@)(3) Revised 14, 16,17 30235 Revised in its entiraty Pig, 30235 Table 80235 replaced 302.3.6(9) Revised 303 Revised 18 308110) Nomenclature for W added 3041.2(8) Equation (3b) revised 30421 Equation (3) sevised 1 30422 Revised 0423 (1) Fquations (4a), (4b), and (e) revised (2) In subpacageeph (d}, nomenclature for W added 70,77 043.360) Nomenclatire for F revised uM 3043.40) Equation (12) corrected by entata 6 3044100) Nomenclatute for $ revised 16 9045.1(b) Nomenclature for § revised 30453 Nomenclature for W added. 28, 29 306.23 (1) Baisting weet designated as subpacagraph (=) (2) Subparageaph (b) added 084100) Revised 906.4.2(0) RevisedPage 93, 34 8 82 85 @ 90 92 ot 108 10, 111 m2 13 id, 15 13 324 15 120 Location sad Tole 9232.2 Table 3288.1 225 Table 3264 $4200 Table 3413.2 Calterion Value Notes for Table 2413.2 36.31 3541 A3023.4(@) AmA21 4323.4 2(@)(0) Table AB2843 ‘Table 4926.1 AMBE Aa) MASHL1 MA34L2 MAMS K00221() Kq0232 KH235 KM236(9) KM412 xa048 218.21) K208.25(a) Table K326.1 Ka30 Ka4462 K#5.21) Change “Last pasageaph sovised Note (2) corrected by errata to sead 09 Item A6(2) roviced Revised Revised in its entizety Added ‘Under Weld Impesfection, seventh enicy comected by errata to sead slag and Nate ©) Last line deleted Revised Revised Revised Subpasageaphs (b) and (4) sevised Revised Note (1) [formerly Note (2)] corrected by crrata to read A326.4 (2) Bor AWWA C250, asterisk and courespanding Note deleted (2) ASTI 1468 added Revised Added Added Revised in ite entivety Revised Revised in ite entivety Revised, Revised (2) Nomench use selecated by exata from end oF K¥04.1 10h) (2) Bootate (4) revised Revised in its entivety Revised Revised Asterisks and cocresponding Note deleted, K990 through K990.L.1 revised Pirst pamgraph revised Footnate 10 revisedPage 195 164 162 et 174, 175 178, 17 we 139, 181 194 229 230-234 2236 238, 239 7 286 27 258 260, 261 Location Specifeation Index for Appendic A ‘Table AT Table Ac ‘Table Al Table AA Table AL ‘Table Al ‘Table AT Table A-2 Table D300 Appendix B F300 PaDB.A(bY(8) FIBA) Faas Sppondin J Specifieation Index for Appendix K Notes for Appendix K Tables Table KL Change ASTM B 403, 8424 and B45 added For both ASTM A 202 enteivs, Material coneected by errata to sead Cr-Mn-Si (1) For ASTM A 451 Grade CPE20N, Material corrected by errata to read Me ONIEN (2) Tos lest entey, Grade corrected by errata to read 430 Uneler Forgings and Fittings, third Grade entey corrected by errata to read wPandl, ASTM B 403 and B70S added ASTM B 424 added For fourth ASTM B564, UNS Ne, corrected by errata to read NI8@11 ASTM B 364 08825, B 854 NOSE25, and BaIs NORE added ‘Under Stainless Sted, fith through eighth Material entries and third Size Range entry coreected by errata Note (11) cortected by errata te sead T= 1sT (1) Reference standards updated (2) ICBO address deleted Revised NALCE references in text and footnote 1 eoneected by errata to sed MROIPS and ROM? NACE seference in footnote 1 and text corrected by errata to reac RPOI70 Added (1) Nomenelature for fy and P, added (2) Nomenclature for Ry updated (2) Nomenclature for $ revised (4) Nomenclature for Sp, T; and W added Tile of ASTM A 210 sevised Note (21) added, For eight APISL entries, Note (21) references added and stresses for 200°F through 400°F deletedPage 262, 269 89 776 U7, U8 280-284 286, 297 288 299-281 Location Table K-1 ‘Table K-1 Fig, M300 Appendix P Appendix S vane Appendix X ¥3021.2(0) ¥302.1.2(0) 30213(0) Pig X8218 3022.20) Change (2) Fos 9M: A299 and A04, ettese line revised (2) For 9Ni 4 420, Specified Min, Tensile Strength and stress line roviced (2) Linder Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes, all four stess lines and fist, fifth, and sixth Grades on p. 263 coctected by etrata (1) Under Pipes and Tubes, for last ASTM EB 185, double bar at 7007 Galeted by errata (2) Under Forgings and Mittings, ASTM. B S64 NL0276 added by ecata In Col. 5¢ second box, second temperature corrected by errata to sead 186°C Added Added Added Sevond sentence helaw title deleted Revised Footnote 1 revised Revised Revised Revised NOTE: The interpretations to ASME 8.3 issued beloeen Apa 1, 1001 and Osher, 1003 follow the last pape of this edition as a separate supplement, Interpretations No, 19,ASME B31.3-2004 Chapter | Scope and Definitions 300 GENERAL STATEMENTS (a) _Sdenifiction, This Process Piping Code is a See tion of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Code for Frecoure Piping, ASME B31, an American National Standacd, It is published as a separate docu. ment for convenience of Code usees (B) Responsibiities (2) Ouner. The owner ofa piping installation shall have overall responsibility for compliance with this Code, and for establishing the sequisemenis for design, construction, examination, inspection, and testing stich will govern the entire fluid hanciling: or process installation of which the piping i a part, The owner i also responsible for designating piping in certain fluid services and for determining fa specific Quality System is © be employed. See paras. (A}(4), (46), (e), and Appendic 1 2) Designer. The designer is responsible ro the ‘owner for assurance that the engineering design of pip- ing complies with the cequicements of this Code and with any additional cequirements established by the (3) Mans facturer, Fabricator, ud Erector, The manu facturer, fabricator, and erector of piping are responsible for providing materials, components, and workmanship in compliance with the requirements of this Code and of the engineering design (4) Ouner's inspector. The owner's Inspector (see para, 340) is responsible to the owner for ensuring that the vequirements of this Code for inspection, examine- tion, and testing are met. 1 a Quality System is specified by the owner to be employed, the owner's inspector is teeponsible for verifying that 3s implemented (6) Intent of the Code (t) It is the intent of this Code to set forth engi- neecing requitements deemed necessary for safe design and consituotion of piping installations, (2) This Code isnot intended toapply to the opera- ton, examination, inspection, testing, maintenance, or repaie of piping that has been placed in service, The provisions of this Code may optionally be applied for those purposes, although other considerations may also be nevessary (3) Engineering requirements of this Code, while considered necessary and adequate for safe design, gen- erally employ a simplified approach ty the subject, A Gesigner capable of applying a more rigorous analyois shall have the latitude to do so; however, the approach must be documented in the enginecring design ond its ‘validity accepted by the owner The appfoach ised shall provide details of design, construction, examination, Jnspeotion, and testing for the design conditions of para 201, with calculations consistent with the design eritecia of this Code, (4) Piping elements should, insofar as practicable, conform to the specifications and standanis listed in this Code. Piping elements neither specifically approved nor spesitially prohibited by this Code may be used provided they are qualified for use asset Fort in epplica- bble Chapters of this Code (5) The engineering design shall specify any unusual requirements for a patticular service, Where service requivemenis necessitate measures beyond those reguired by this Code, such measures shall be specified by the engineering design. Whete 60 epecified, the Code sequures that they be acsomplished (6) Compatibility of materials with theservice and hazards feom instability of contained fluids are not swithin the scope of this Code, See pasa, F323 (a) Deternaining Code Raypirements (W) Code requieements for design and construction include fluid service requirements, which affect election and application of materials, components, and joints Fluid service requicements include prohibitions, limiter tions, and conditions, such as temperature limits or a requirement for safeguarding (see para. 300.2 and Appendix G). Code requirements for a piping system are the mast resirictive of those which apply to any of sts elements, ©} For metallie piping not in Category Mor high pressure fluid service, Code requirements are found in ChaptersI through VI (the base Code), and fluid service requirements are found in (a) Cha pter I for materials (B) Chapter TL, Part 3, for components {cb Chapter Il, Pact 4, for joints (3) For nonmetallic piping and piping lined with nonmetals, al vequivemenis ave found in Chapter VI (Pacageaph designations begin with “A.“) (4) For piping ina fluid service designated by the owner as Category M (see pam. 200.2 and Appendix M), all cequirements ase found in Chapter VIL. (Paragraph designations begin with “M.) (8) For piping ina fluid service designated by the owner as Category D (see para, 300.2 and Appenciix M),