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Design of UWB Patch Antenna with 5G Lower Band Notch Characteristics

Using Ring Shape Resonator

Conference Paper · June 2021

DOI: 10.1109/ICCCE50029.2021.9467159

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 2021 8th International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE)

Design of UWB Patch Antenna with 5G Lower Band

Notch Characteristics Using Ring Shape Resonator
2021 8th International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE) | 978-1-7281-1065-3/20/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICCCE50029.2021.9467159

M. M. Hasan Mahfuz Md Rafiqul Islam Mohamed Hadi Habaebi

Dept. of Electrical and Computer
Engineering
International Islamic University Malaysia
53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
mahfuz216@gmail.com
Dept. of Electrical and Computer
Engineering
International Islamic University Malaysia
53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
rafiq@iium.edu.my (corresponding author)
Dept. of Electrical and Computer
Engineering
International Islamic University Malaysia
53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
habaebi@iium.edu.my

Nazmus Sakib Norun Abdul Malek A.K.M.Zakir Hossain

Dept. of Electrical and Computer
Engineering,
International Islamic University, Malaysia
53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
sakib.iium17@gmail.com
Dept. of Electrical and Computer
Engineering
International Islamic University Malaysia
53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
norun@iium.edu.my
Centre for Teleouniation Researh &
Innoation (CeTRI), Fakulti Teknologi
Kejuruterann Elektrik & Elektronik
(FTKEE), Universiti
Teknikal alaysia Melaka (UTeM), Malaka,
Malaysia
zakir@utem.edu.my

Abstract—ASEAN countries have proposed fifth generation
(5G) forums for 5G applications at a frequency of 4.5–5.5 GHz
and band stop antenna for 5G lower band from 4.5 GHz to 5.5
GHz. One UWB antenna have been designed and proposed by
using RT 5880 with partial grounding on rectangular patch
and ring shape resonator (RSR) on the ground. A single band
notched UWB antenna were designed for 5G lower band
application by using a rectangular slot at the top of the
radiating patch and by adding RSR on ground plane of UWB
antenna. The VSWR, return loss, gain and 2-D radiation
pattern, surface current, radiation efficiency as well as gain
prove that the proposed antenna has excellent performance in
notched band and entire UWB band bandwidth frequencies.
Therefore, the proposed antenna is also an excellent candidate
for lower band 5G wireless applications.
Keywords—5G lower band, ultra-wideband (UWB), band
notched
I. INTRODUCTION
The cellular communication will be evolving and
increasing, where there is the potential for constant and
expanding wireless traffic expected to rise by 10,000 over
the next 20 years, because of the higher demand use of
smartphones, laptops, modern wireless gadgets, and IoT. To
satisfy this growing capacity demand and to help 5G
extreme mobile broadband (EMBB) applications needing
more than 10 Gbps peak and edge speeds above 100 Mbps.
Since broad bandwidths are available at mmWave
frequencies, using a simple air interface and high dimension
phased arrays the 5G EMBB specifications can be met [1].
UWB technology has attract the attention of both academia
and industry over the last two decades. UWB is a low power
technology for short-range applications, high-level
information is transmitted over a broad bandwidth, typically
greater than 500 MHz. Due to the short UWB pulse length,
high data rates with low latency are more easily engineered.
This facilitates the use of UWB in sensor systems, wireless
positioning systems, bio-medical imaging and short-term
high-data communications [1]. The efficiency of UWB
communication systems is a key feature of antennas and the
antenna design must therefore fulfil the requirements, like as
impedance matching, radiation efficiency, gain, small size
with low profile those are challenging to achieve. The
microstrip patch antennas are perfect applicant for UWB
wireless application due to their light weight, low cost, easy
to fabrication and so on [2,3]. The key challenge of UWB
technology is to avoid frequency spectrum current wireless
communication bands within the UWB bandwidth, both
licensed and unlicensed, such as Wi-MAX (3.3–3.6) GHz,
WLAN (5.15–5.825) GHz, fixed-satellite service for
ASEAN countries (3.3–3.8) GHz, 5G lower band (4.5–5.5)
GHz and X-band satellite application (7.25–8.395) GHz.
Usually filters reject undesirable bands in order to increase
the efficiency of contact. However, increased system costs,
volume and insertion losses are increased by the use of filters
[4]. In order to avoid possible impairment of existing bands,
the researcher was focused in designing UWB antennas with
band rejection functionality. Those band notched
technologies include etching slot top on the radiating patch
or on the patch and some are ring resonator bottom of the
antenna’s substrate.
Few rectangular antennas have been identified last few
years because the unwanted bands can be rejected. In [5],
using a C-shape ring resonator in ground plane with partial
ground and antenna’s dimension quite large. This antenna
achieves (2.25–10.20) GHz bandwidth for UWB application
as well as it has band-notch function from (5.16–5.85) GHz
for WLAN wireless communication. The VSWR for UWB
bandwidth VSWR ≤ 2 and in band rejection bandwidth
VSWR ≥ 7, that’s mean UWB bandwidth have excellent
performance but in stopband has poor performance or
doesn’t work. HFSS software has been used to design and
simulation by using RT 5880 substrate of 0.8mm thickness
with 2.22 dielectric constant. A small UWB antenna has
been presented in this research article [6], the proposed
antenna contain rectangular radiating patch with C-shape
ring a slotted, parasite-shaped ground plane within the
rectangular slot. By adding a rectangular slot over and
through the bottom plane embedding a S-shaped parasite
structure in the slot, a new resonance is excited at higher
frequencies and thus much more impendent bandwidth, the

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broad accessible bandwidth can be provided by more than
135%. With the addition of the rotating C-shaped slot, the
ring was placed at the radiating patch in the proposed design
to generate the WLAN (5–6) GHz band stop. Simulated and
measured results are provided to confirm the utility of the
desired configuration of the antenna for UWB application. In
[7], a lightweight planar monopoly antenna with band-stop
features adequate for the operation of ultra-wide band. The
antenna is constructed from a wafer-shaped patch with a
wide range of (2.6–11.7) GHz bandwidth. A good band
rejection (5–6.20) GHz efficiency is achieved when the
vertical strip is correctly mounted on one of the bottom sides
of the goblet-shaped radiating patch with the design's
compactness and simplicity. It is lightweight and radiative
due to its high efficiency mobile wireless systems for UWB
applications can be easily integrated. This article [8],
provides an ultra-large-band architecture and efficiency
review monopoly antenna with improved bandwidth and
narrow nocturnal band functionality. The reference antenna
is monopolized and it’s connected a micro-strip feed line
with a square radiator patch on a FR-4 substrate. There is a
plane on the other side of the substrate, which is mostly
known as ground. The upper rim of the partial ground has a
reversed dome slot the plane below the feed line. Two C
shapes: C-face to face and C-back to back configurations
were engraved at a gap of 0.25 mm from the midpoint of the
antenna partial ground plane under the feed line. The C-face
to face configuration induces a single narrowband-notch
ranging from (6.26–7.28) GHz. In this paper [9], using a W
slot on the patch was shown a UWB antenna with a fixed
band (5.15-5.85) GHz. A HFSS software is used to simulate
the parameter of the hexagon W slot antenna. The
lightweight W-Slot antenna can be easily incorporated
mobile devices such as USB. The antenna proposed is built
with the substratum FR-4. In [10], a new UWB antenna in
low profile is available. Since it's a monopole antenna, the
proposed design has only vertical radiation, which is
sustained over the entire operational bandwidth, unlike
previously recorded band notched UWB antennas. The
PDMS-conductive composite manufacturing technology that
is employed makes it ideal for conformal applications also
exhibits great versatility and physical robustness. This was
checked by an extreme bending test with different radius.
The tested results show that the unbent antenna covers a
bandwidth of (3.8–8.3) GHz with a notched (5–6) GHz band.
An average 3.9 dBi rise is displayed in the rejection band
over the working bandwidth that drops down to -9.7 dBi.
This work [3], proposed high-speed wireless networking
UWB antennas are commonly used as core equipment. A
new UWB monopole compact antenna with an extra narrow
band for this paper suggests Wi-Fi applications involving a
metamaterial. This antenna contains V-slot along two
rectangular shape slots in the patch. This antenna has
bandwidths of -10 dB from 3.2 GHz to 14 GHz for UWB,
and of 2.38 GHz to 2.57 GHz for band notched. The
calculated performance and profitability comply with desired
UWB and Wi-Fi wireless communication. The suggested
antenna is manufactured and tested to check the efficiency of
the antenna. The simulated and calculated results can be used
as an intelligent system for portable IoT-aapplications,
according to UWB and Wi-Fi application. In this research
work [1], a new tiny microstrip antenna concept with
variable band-notched filtering feature of 5G / IoT networks
like super UWB applications is described. In the proposed
structure, effective radiation patterns and characteristic
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impedance are accomplished by developing steps with
optimized acceptable sizes and angles at the bottom edges
and a new technique to adjust the ground plane. In addition,
in the entire frequency band of (3–11) GHz, the
omnidirectional monopole H-plane radiation pattern is
achieved. This antenna is ideal for a very wide range of
frequencies like 5G communication and notched bandwidth
from (4.5–6.5) GHz.
It is clear from previous works, the UWB antenna design
with band rejection function, there are some research
limitations like as, compact size antenna with simple design
and excellent performance on UWB bandwidth along band
notched at 5G lower band cellular application. This work
presents a compact UWB microstrip patch antenna with a
rectangular slot on the radiating patch and RSR on the
ground plane. Moreover, this antenna achieves (4.1–9.8)
GHz bandwidth and band notched from 4.5 GHz to 5.5 GHz
GHz for 5G lower band wireless application [12]. The return
loss of middle band notched frequency at 5 GHz is very low
and the radiation efficiency of entire bandwidth is more than
92% but at 5 GHz is near to 15%. It means that at band
notched bandwidth antenna’s performance is very poor or
doesn’t work. The designed antenna can be applied to many
other countries which have proposed different frequency
spectrum for 5G lower band application those are Europe
(3.4–3.8) GHz, China (3.3–3.6) GHz, Japan (4.4–4.9) GHz,
Korea (3.4–3.7) GHz and USA (3.7–4.2) GHz [11].
II. PROPOSED ANTENNA DESIGN
An microstrip patch (MP) antenna is compact, low cost,
simple to produce and fulfils the criteria of wireless
applications. Fig. 1 illustrated the layout of the proposed
antenna and Table 1 shows the parametric dimension. The
proposed antenna has been designed and fabricated on 25×25
mm2 RT5880 substrate of trace thickness t=0.035 mm
dielectric height h=0.25mm, resonant frequency = 6.95
GHz, dielectric constant and loss tangent tanδ=
0.0009 fed by quarter wave ( ) microstrip line. The
ground plane is another side compare to the radiating patch.
Due to its ease of development and simple matches, a
microstrip feeding line technique is used to feed the antenna.
The proposed antenna’s step by step design flowchart shows
in Fig. 2. The radiating patch is rectangular shape and
contains the 14×18 mm2 dimension and it’s width, length are
represented by Wp and Lp respectively. The microstrip
feedline’s width and length are denoted by Wf, Lf and the
substrate width, length are presented by Ws Ls, respectively.
The MP antenna has been constructed to consider the
following formulas [12]:
(1)
 (2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (a) Top view (b) Bottom view

Fig. 1. Layout of the proposed antenna

(6)
TABLE 1 OPTIMIZED PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS OF THE PROPOSED
ANTENNA

(7) VARIABLE LENGTH (mm)

Ws 25
Ls 25
(8)
Wp 14
Lp 18
Wf 0.8
Here, C is the speed of light (3×108 ms-1), Z0 is the input Lf 10
impedance and is the effective dielectric constant. Wslot 11.20
After getting all parameters value CST MWS 2020 has been Lslot 2.50
used to design and simulated purpose, Fig. 3 illustrated the
a 2.66
simulated result. A slot with inset top on the radiating patch
and a RSR with partial ground (Lg1) placed on the ground b 1.28
plane, together they create UWB (4.1–9.8) GHz bandwidth X 2.50
with single band notched for 5G lower band (4.5–5.5) GHz Wz 5.20
application. The RSR placed on the ground plane
Lg1 7.50
considering zero (0) is center point of the antenna and the
position of the RSR in X-axis, X1=2.5 mm and Y-axis, Y1= r 3
2.7 mm with radius r=3 mm. The band notched
characteristics can be represent by using following equation
[12],

(9)

(10)
Here,
Length of the small slot
Width of the slot

Fig. 2. Step by step design procedure of the desired antenna

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Fig. 3. Simulated S11
III. ANTENNA SIMULATION
The surface current of the desired antenna’s illustrated in
Fig. 5. Fig. 5 (a, c) shows the notched lower cut of frequency
and upper cut of frequency’s surface current, from those
pictures it’s clear that the greater current accumulated i.e.
1578 A/m and 1114 A/m respectively. 5 GHz is the middle
frequency of notched bandwidth, it has huge amount of
current 2564 A/m due to the RSR Fig. 5 (b) focus that. In
another hand, the middle frequency of UWB bandwidth 6.95
GHz showing Fig. 5 (d), it has poor amount current 465 A/m
compare to other frequencies surface current. From the
surface current can be observed the notched band creates due
to the RSR and notched bandwidth has been accumulated
huge amount of current. The VSWR (Fig. 4) of entire UWB
bandwidth (4.1–9.8) GHz less than 2 except notched
bandwidth (4.5–5.5) GHz.
Fig. 4. Simulated VSWR of proposed antenna
(a) 4.5 GHz (b) 5 GHz
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(c) 5.5 GHz (d) 6.95 GHz
Fig. 5. Surface current distribution (a) lower cut of frequency at 4.5
GHz, (b) middle frequency of notched bandwidth5 GHz, (c) upper cut
of frequency at 5.5 GHz and (d) middle frequency of UWB at 6.95 GHz
The proposed antenna’s has excellent radiation efficiency
has been shown in Fig. 6. The peak radiation efficiency
reached 98% where the average efficiency 92% that means
for the entire UWB bandwidth have excellent performance.
But at the band notched frequency’s radiation efficiency
lower than 15% i.e. the proposed antenna cannot perform.
Fig. 7 shows the 2-D radiation pattern of all monopole
antenna’s h-field created omnidirectional radiation pattern
that is the common factor for the monopole antennas. So, 2-
D polar patterns are more sufficient excepted band-stop
frequency. Apart from the polar pattern the simulated gain
(Fig.8) have minimum gain 1.5 dBi at 5.1 GHz, peak gain
6.5 dBi at 9.4 GHz and the average gain 5 dBi at 4.8 GHz.
Fig.6. Radiation Efficiency of the proposed antenna
(a) At 4.5 GHz (b) At 5 GHz
(c) At 5.5 GHz (d) At 6.95 GHz
Fig.7. The 2-D polar pattern of the proposed antenna
 [4] S. M. R. Razavizadeh, “A Band-Notched UWB Microstrip Antenna
with a Resonance Back C-Shaped Ring,” in 2010 Second
International Conference on Advances in Satellite and Space
Communications, Jun. 2010, pp. 37–41.

[5] N. Ojaroudi, M. Ojaroudi, and N. Ghadimi, “Dual band-notched small

monopole antenna with novel W-shaped conductor backed-plane and
novel T-shaped slot for UWB applications,” IET Microw. Antennas
Amp Propag., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 8–14, Jan. 2013.

[6] R. K. Raj, Krishna Rathore, Bhavana Peswani, Roopkishor Sharma,

and H. R. Chaudhary, “Compact Goblet-Shaped Single Band-Notched
Fig. 8. The simulated gain of antenna UWB Antenna,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on
Recent Cognizance in Wireless Communication & Image Processing,
New Delhi, 2016, pp. 861–867.
TABLE 2 THE PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF THIS RESEARCH WITH
EXISTING SOME RESEARCH WORK ON BAND-NOTCHED ANTENNA IN
LITERATURE [7] M. A. S. Al-zahrani, O. I. S. Al-qahtani, F. D. M. Al-sheheri, A. S. M.
Qarhosh, A. M. Al-zahrani, and M. S. Soliman, “Design and
performance analysis of an ultra-wideband monopole microstrip patch
Antenna UWB
Relative Notched antenna with enhanced bandwidth and single band-notched
Ref. Size Bandwidth
Permittivity Bandwidth characteristics,” in 2017 Progress in Electromagnetics Research
(mm2) (GHz)
Symposium - Fall (PIERS - FALL), Nov. 2017, pp. 1488–1493.

[1] 30×30 3-11 4.4 4.5-6.5

[8] R. Mishra, R. Kalyan, and Y. M. Dubey, “Miniaturized W slot ultra
wide band microstrip antenna for short distance communication,” in
[3] 27×33 3.2-14 4.4 2.38-2.57 2017 International conference of Electronics, Communication and
Aerospace Technology (ICECA), Apr. 2017, vol. 2, pp. 332–336.
[5] 55×48 2.25-10.20 2.2 5.16-5.85
[9] B. Mohamadzade, R. B. V. B. Simorangkir, R. M. Hashmi, Y. Chao-
[7] 20×33 2.6-11.7 4.4 5-6.2 Oger, M. Zhadobov, and R. Sauleau, “A Conformal Band-Notched
Ultrawideband Antenna With Monopole-Like Radiation
[8] 23×35 2.7-14.10 4.4 6.26-7.28 Characteristics,” IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 19, no. 1,
pp. 203–207, Jan. 2020.
[10] 70×68 3.8-8.3 2.77 5-6
[10] M. M. Hasan Mahfuz, Md. Shazzadul Islam, Islam Md. Rafiqul,
This Mohamed Hadi Habaebi, Nazmus Sakib (2021), “Design of UWB
25×25 4.1-9.8 2.2 4.5-5.5 microstrip patch antenna with variable band notched characteristics”,
Work
TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and
Control, ISSN: 1693-6930, DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v19i2.
IV. CONCLUSION 18147, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 357-363, April 2021.

A lightweight UWB antenna has been presented with

band-notched function. This antenna can be used within a
very broad range of frequencies and band rejection of 5G
lower band. Small size, ideal overall return losses as well as
improved antenna radiation patterns make them a suitable
for UWB and band rejection wireless applications. Despite
the fact that this antenna has a basic design, and economic
structure, in comparison with complicated antennas it is
highly flexible and effective.
[11] “5G Frequency Bands & Spectrum Allocations,” CableFree.
https://www.cablefree.net/wirelesstechnology/4glte/5g-frequency-
bands-lte/ (accessed May 14, 2021).
[12] M. M. Hasan Mahfuz, Md Rafiqul Islam, Norun Abdul Malek, Md.
Shazzadul Islam and G. M. Asadullah (2020), “Design of Dual Band
Notched Ultra Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Lower
Bands Application”, AIP Conference Proceedings 2306, 020009
(2020); pp. 020009-1 -020009-9, https://doi. org /10.1063/5.0032481,
Published Online: 15 December 2020.

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[2] Islam Md. Rafiqul, Waheeb Salim Abdulrab, Sarah Rafiq, M.S.
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