EXAKTA 35mm GUIDE EXAKTA I, I EXAKTA RTL 1000 EXAKTA VAREX V, VX EXAKTA |, la, Il, Ila, tb EXAKTA VAREX Ila, IIb EXA 500 EXAKTA VX500, VX1000COMPLETE Jt nitetcee ic te 5 my Sse moe ets 2 © pene ie {cif deci! a it pe tuaaer chuniet i jt, repre SES athe se ie te pee oa tobe lee ‘lected by “ore Fou Prom Cade of Poopropies and Tiared the gh ar concaared jr rion, aban Papin mb ial HOW TO ®EXAKTA 35 mm. Pege tas fea Se, a GUIDE voeesatie Lome a ‘Handling the Exakia ‘Comper “ ‘Loading red = ee ee Le Tne = cain B Ie fae he een 2 cM FE woo Soman & sate Yoes ¥, 1%, I, ee 2 Eee Ss a 1009 a” Frnefea! tone 37 tt fae 1 end 50 hpiresiiee 2 ee ote BEE vaunguns optus” “Fiano 7 ‘Long focus Lenaes 60-63 By W, D, EMANUEL enh of Fm otis Z 36 The Tech “Exposure sonata 3 Meester i ana ER ctw rin ey) SA antes cantante, 2” RE reg he ee meme 2 pee ct a oe SS gm Bloconttnte,, oN Sparare mesuring, St gen of Bin Spel ‘Stoodown messerenent 0 ‘Systems ~ Fitting and changing. me Ree : oe at 2 realtone oer a ES" § eee Focal/Hastings House . New York 2Cage of he Camere 11 Flach wih he Buotta 34 ‘Stoeae i Mow Usa u Bree Tam Beporres 5 Ranming tet afe storage 32 Keeping the misor leas 78 Beate Cera abe desert ws | eee Convers of Feta Inches 0 ‘as i i leap Wak ® paler "Cine ap Facing Table ‘for ttsinentay "She Srcete dre ul Ties oe rate for Beet Ret 03. Hows... Wharis whet 92 (© 1979 Focal Press Lined A vg Ne pe of he pain er anilted ban fom or a et, shes cn cy eee pial one San ems of eizment oertin materiel mented in thi oak lt APSE hee ore rou eo ae IRartcliy Conihils tay wey and re nese the Conte Te psa dsl . This back i sod suber 10 the Sandon Conny of sale of Net Books et may not be resold the UK Below Th et ie 3 THE 35mm. EXAKTA MODELS The 35 mm, Exakta is snglelens reflex camera. The cual inking lens serves both for Tocsing nd tong the tare andi usd Yo form the mage on she mat wel as {e'retect the pctre to be tenon to 8 groundglas focasing screen Fi and ccangscoen ar forall intents Sed porpones at the ate distance fom the les, ue tn Aifeent postions and at right angles to each oli. The fim runs slong the back ofthe comers whic the focasng Sereen i onthe top of Thus the ght entering throug {he ens ha to go aint nto dectons: once the ies rn nd anette in, This toons Wate ontroled ys mircor on pointy. Bysvting the ster, the miror th inte into te path of the ghetays Seincen lene ard fim, thos refesiog the image on tthe fcueingsteen, showing enaclly e's outings dan todo idan eve bg othe set wel'opgeer onthe negate. The seen isa fano-convet ibn tain onthe undersige, and shows temage nagiicd zd baliant allover Ih the Tat way Up and permis nical ocwsng (ade by bien magi, a well Scjnimeni of ihe extent ef ceSniton towards oth the foreground backaround and, sty, comportion ofthe Dhotepranh before the negative exposed, With ow lease fe shutter for expose the mitor fst snaps usrds fd covers the focantagsreen, Ten te shor gos across na the sages cored onthe in Teves warning foe lane setter (except RTL i000 ste page (0) raven fom foie “Seflapping™ micans a it remains Stored wie Sing wound at "focal plane means that t moves Mp infront ofthe exative nate, tus ensuring fall pote tion toi With this type of shut, fences canbe chang wil the cameras loséed. The Bake shuter hot the Wiest osu range of spsdeBesce the inane ped from 1/3) {ealy 1/55 401/00 ssey stoma me xposiees From 1/8 aly iD} to 12 ea can be 4Adis ae ine) = tna cnet enact eee otaaiae es pete aged eran tee inbeay Roce ae emiane aie ile are! Reena aceeter Serer eee Se ee ae trent cnn wson Drip, eer ee rs Dene at Ee Pare mae at ye rete is a a el sneer eas A at Bett eCrY ours eee rit aS tee deere anand rare eat Sei coal can tinea Bator data ay et Eee Cer Uri anes en ent cning Dineen toarenioare ane parame arate tie cotanieee fears ae These in ene in Et glee at ea an thas ue haf kar RTL gen aia ete ser ec es crear NS ae at eae a Shen eS estetre 5‘THE EXA MODELS[EARLIER 35 mm. EXAKTA MODELS. eases ena in pie of houyng the foal plane shutter, efx arate: tne cad fst fnershangeahe mses. Taso has a tiped Bech, ternal dash synctronbation fr elecuorte fash and fish’ hath aed. hooks for a nesta, The weight 16 Soproninately 33.02 03) ras TFoewing is efleted by rap Telcal focusing screw, whi Wt atibe enemount A focusing wee found Trad medals neat tne stances fm tty down Woes ae tere are alo seals provided for Feeding of ae deput of tl "The im isthe standard 38 mm. rate fm for up to se eqinopes held in G30 mm.) Ati cine Ine isbn escent RTLAO0O In the latst model he fim ean ie innapured rom cue fo case aking cviedng Tanseary. orto take speolwah rewind A type Inbestor aad fim tamaport indicator sowplets the mechani. "A vowghheensmcéring er (Qh Examat) tas been smavieted ave by Harwin Bela, whit ean be used with the Kaaba oF EXA L This unt combiacy a pemaptom NEwinder and exposnie meter comering the coer into ATT ldethia os page 68) Foe the model RTL1000 2 "rT pe avtachmgnt for auionati exposure sstem A thineinal tering savalabe ade ByEnita (rage 65)- eabte Modet TEXAKTA RETL000 (19%, The rode) ends ate ene nda health Gor ten be rescued amd imewrpraec ho ni ener ims Ore ee aera aa taht meamice, Ithus 4 Nea focal pase Sear tema a, tf iio px aN the ban delat {ie sor ss hubris aie ele oe Tat SUSIE de New rahe of see wi ieeaiy ome SB tetas eo eer Eta in ete ee tee cal nt in femiis deel, eid ‘ees i og lee eater ay bee ibe 10ERAT VAREK (9 Th ma tn ml oe ea Oe sata Bett eediettealst sae aet EGS rmameasamiam peat init uch atte ea acters Sebati Syed tae caesar {valle 1 the pentaetsn) This haba Nas no leet vo ane Pain vee a TERAKTA ty (6) fs simian 19 the mee) hf TB bue a ecclesia ig ia ide tt Screw de Et yw un SBE Ay 2a to weet ae condi stmiecah Ta BERNA Ti ote 2 "EXARTA VAREN VX (1951 has fash sockets fora two-pin Bash een MRE SRY SS amar enn cae es etree ea pene "Seatmecsaste meee, ier ries aciaea) canner fy teers eed eae ihamee niet aes ere ae Hee icenie seeeeetetanaers eed Gish ta ce a ht BE Seem ea yn vera te esr aiaen aan Rr ase SES Se gnc ee Esa Models “The Eas ar sie version of he Eats Toe tala nay of kes pau Ue lee ting teagan aa a [ptgchngabe ene sy y nyo ker fd oe Bsn these Saar 9 Son la ed ‘ik poe dara, Mavala ew ne” gage tccomtes balms ddiedacter. The eles apr emi, my be whcd n a9, smi to, baths Getcha bask and improved su 'EXA He (D6), sig too, bot with instant seturn ez (the fae ca be vied eles an aie anos), sorrel Gece wea the Baha so Ean vores and seer "EXA S00 (Ibe) ser improved version ofthe Faa Tb wih fully sutra aon Bei th een eo Sia hase Syacteonzatn, . EMA | (85) nora titer of dierent design with speeds f 125, 430 1100, 1120 ee tnd oly two Tash conta > eee a it Wind i byt anspor’ knob the fm unig dees fated, Long fas lenses Beyond 10 fro. ae no Us (wot {Pad tol ant sary l-enpe wun ong extension be ha Pins em) camo be mate EMA TUE) 2 11953 with improved reflec hood a Elsie nt ing ee ALES oe Bape ih sont wi synbo soi frelon "ENA Ta (190) sar co EXA { (1960), bt wi nee taneport Im lig, te Ex careas aso the sare a We Ecta; WHEN iferences occ wih re ot seein: tate Se powted out mie tex 2HANDLING THE EXAKTA ‘To start with, we take it for granted that we have our Exakta, ogether with a cassette of film, ip front of vs. Our first task is to load the camera with film. Loading ‘The film should be loaded into the camera in subdued doylight, or at least in the shadow of your body. The procedute is as follows: 1. Open camerarback. 2. Insert film. 23, Fix film on take-up spool. Close camera ‘5 Open finder hood, {6 Transport film twice and release, 7, Wind fm-winder once more and set piture-counter. 8 Sot film indicator. 2. Open eames hack by polling doxnurd and turing the milled Qe mine tne te canes Sse. Ox eae odes and Same CP ee caer Back tack. On RTL IO, pst ud ite rewind ned tar ast wl go 2. The rd ey eu ow ua lh gy, helt edd iene a oo seas lh me a Se cies eae ele Sars ee ihe ukeup ‘goth The rnd knob fy now fly used Book SERS ae ta tan oat He Gey cee ue aed a ld en wl iy uae ae "ae Tee ee en ery PC pani: 2 at mouth ol 5. had ect eps i he eth, wil pl es te ti hts et ar Soff tie inch ew ctr Wades ntl Seas ors eminent et Sat BORIS Sek Peseta sce be 8 Aokling it lil with oe tage, re cing te canes Hck See le Seles Rs age RS el RAC a ern of he ey te ges ma ng aT, al te ceo Es So ee Gots eget tare tare or Tyses ate an eae core i ey ae io athe En Teh) Sante te OL sel Bas fe ae ee OUD GCL Tn i tpt its eae Pe el pe ieee ned EP crore menses Bee HGS a aoe ae SE Ae leap ped cant te Trt Se eS at kt a Lite aero ea Ve vxebihed Vibe hc es veda oe oh A re eae caret iittea fant one Riedel o's mpc tg) Auenbie ie clea at, and inset itin heale-p chamber. The Sit of the tae sete See i te are ge ae cfc ia ast ace eee Em 1030 y refer enna ate co ee ae (easing aclu deuteron poo 4 Gon sc Lk Wi te fee Baa le ove Seater lth enema Me a eee Se nt gt od Five omit Eu oscar ate sc pete Hg ESET eae sae ape au Soin lige ear sd ibe io wie be ck Sr r10n ju pres bck enya lack ato: au ecg fe AS i a a eh RSME anc etal ma ine Re 4 Tint sptgs pe by oe itch tile of Reaviecsittes " 6 iad ee ef rumor vc wih eater et snl Sages Pa iti el ak rede Parte iy faba ew Chand ‘etme dah Sant art ibe Seep rywxansa 2 hee he ae wt fn nt sosoia Tg Te ee Se aoa ee ee Goteeet Sue aaj woedatactaeeees ‘indicted eorece “ en =o SB naam ope ores CAD Paco ba pesar se ‘hedirecton fears unt No points athe tngee mark athe Eas ieee trie ita cee arta See aaa Se RNS WENROR Carrying ‘However elepant it may be to carry the camera on a lon strap hanging from the shoulder, this position is quite Unsuitable for quick action, Many a good shot has hee jst om thie Way A. bel a shon strap round the neck, sot inthe ripit postion ready for work. Opening the cave sl finder hood of, when working with the pentaprisn lily the camera up to eye level, is ten a mater ofa split secs ‘Thee ave a number of diferent pes of cases availble for th eae s Se eveseay ae cae the Exh ey for a Berson a 0 at A AT we a forgave hic prevents ie comer wg Some Sat Sere SE aR Eth eaten sad vrei th ces in eral earnions are acl f ak te ah Ne eres ie meats nt ney Stn ogee aay en yc ne is 16LOADING THE EXA Gnerlly, its af foremist importance fo acne mifcient experts th manipiating all ports tha eventually lead 19 ating the plettre ny getting throughly accusinved with the Ways in which to Work them helore actualy siting Ovt 19 make photoueaps. Surely ose should ty the wears, the hevelerster, the brakes snd even the horn of new cae before going “all oat” with f Going all out with anew ewhera witout Being able to do ine “right thing” almost ftutomatiealy 16 nol ls dangerous 1c may be less wasiefal OF tves-—DUC AT fe Hot fess wasleful of lve pictures, If not of the camera itsell The following are the mechanical points that must be portlelarly watched hen using the earlier Exokta: (1) Open Ing and closing the finder hoed. (2) Winding the im ard Sorng the shuter. (3) Releasing. Viewing “The rete finder ang the eye-tve pentapris ace viewing- focusing devices. The frase ders purelya viewing devez REFLEX FINDER. T Wig the Sir od of the Esk to nbn romupr betaiceok ns ware ber hos tantobe Pea SEPSRE head anos pers ap ree Seine egg, enue of Se naa Eee hefoocesorahih uted oom agua ahae Stans sen ihe ede Hoa ae hae actual ec the hes ihn evan Aiton tothe mapying gownd pines Nhe magne erect te FS he Hae oe Breet orate amg Feed oats en bug wee eon ris ty 9 uc "Loki oy We Teter nage aopeat ether lat ily tnd win ac anda. Whe he ed Biln othe Sr Exelta on el bw crau mae, Mate Ohga inecalbey tal cotarcen son ofthe NEW Golaste bpp ecarguueshage ener ling Sect acet Rae eased he agen or Ror pty sg et an he ita Bom ‘Bier a ie bac fer toc. "TR agers praocingcove (eit alt Tan shows teREFLEX FINDER AND PENTAPRISM sf mags ot cer be id wit ower ater Seat Reig "The eter Ander image sen isthe picture produced by the camera se ind choy WE on 1S Sle ie se nse 2 nly wl ater te yas ben wound on, ard appear once he shutters seeaed. Th has wold purpose: fst show Te ‘tenero the ptr send ta peat tne et enon oe taints “Therefex finder of Ean Ls (961) na To sexes the seis conser bares with spit-amaue range Rar cs “Tooele ao ily tng ie elie a mat ax {Sitar the hnghes pote ee age The adr od extra (Gage), keeping say up tom Ue screen, pes gcional inc {Othe nce 1s ep ofthe fet atone Ely automata Heal We cancn gute ey pe shuld akg sr atte eal feng internal clung not eid we “The secondpurpee ofthe refx der, ablanig the best aon, ‘sat theca ine one of fe mes! Unportnt fects eosunng goed ‘es Tle eperiegend vee of the rolex someen spo Sep, Hc tay ery Sap imprest Ba ‘etalon: Tate so, hore, res egies of Sharpes even tt ‘hil apervey whe one shal make se 9m deetmmg he best Ponte Son "Te bt way a at al Seni obit Cuts tc tends fo foc aocuraely become! more #03 ‘nove sharp upto a cern poi hese wih wil aay foe ‘trian Teil tas beyond isa eer te nett of iE toe dope of ovens Fe ie nor ‘towiynaetowed cove unt one unmbakably ares atthe pg of there et Sain ft ea eres oe ser ‘tnd bopent the ps of matin dfn the tage tl Spears ‘ailentyshary but ao aoe shou be deed by ths fac: nl ood enough for enaeges jas ewng into poaton wil ait 1 Foal Having und thy thease shoal Sethe hci mage onthe seen saves ele ‘Rete Tie carn which ind greed er ing EB, facn ne ray get eetsat defation, but are Bound Te tose i tepictre 8 hol “The pctreom he grounds eres appear pig but eur! Le ERP Se eh 0 i Sr lmra Sal have to Bi frac ape the apparent maven of ‘hier flow 20PENTAPRISM FINDER. Tiss forth Baka RTL 1000, VX500, oo ay V3) aod EA frcbangeabl gains the nora fetes Hoe weet exe lune temo Fosse {pete "To change From the wfc to he evetevel inde, the der ‘aa hited tp Goal and enlaces By tie ether ance Nous, ined EREAKCER stot, ln, oe Ve ailing xe om Font nite depres ‘ahh etapa pot. the jae owed an faces epjelia ne raat eid yod e r ie ‘vertical postion is Sica” ‘ah ‘ “The base of the pertuprism inder cenit of rapo-orves eu, the Bai Eig pra Seren ala tangas A feat hse ene rane Ge cn veg etiior bikin edge to cage They pire splcimage tae SEE Hata adden oct set oceng To an fis arcmin sete spor te sete of Ye rem ad the ‘eps inthe spe apenes deepal on tues the foci, the toavdiruped faves ate beowgh ep line to that ene entra Aes SB at a pst neato try er ore apeialed ype of otk, kn paral Tor sero pty ‘and photonitogrpny, te Broune gas coder ay be ge for Gear Wass (o permit cong on ie wor bella Seal Insp or for grotndgas wha cane spt of 3 cr "ram Sinders combined with exposre meter are valle: see page "FRAME FINDER. The Exakia model prior to 1961 were ited with adie! yon fe ters trong at peaton by pei Spear We back ee ote tase howd toque the open Fin the rot sn formant vin me ede or ee lve "Fo use the rare finder of Eras li,VX 1, Meu to ragnier Trae whe ed sou je pte Hela Wh ag ge nor ihc Be ed em eee itetuel fae indian steel vee cit ‘ube holding the eye clove to and in the corre of fie opering wile Icosig nmght ated, il uppeer en ne negnve. Te Fe er nil crete day for evant eae, car “The rae nde comol ew for frat, itance f the suber as ted on esse of appears wl ihetfame and then etn the loci ek ofthe he oun nocd a HOLDING—REFLEX FINDER 2HOLDING™—FRAME FINDER AND PENTAPRISM ingly; only very epcricaced photopaphers il be sale from serie {tart wen appinhe the mats its ser ft to wee the teak fuer for font aid hey ws cage rer t@ the ame ter for sting "ti proc cate x png TRovie objet. Tae frame fede ill move eticeady be tied ot ‘Estat plocgriphy whe inn Seng os requ Wid en eat te in comm CF nn etn strc by peeting hs ies one tt a soins pth oan Width fs of hich heaion eto bracorded tarp ‘lover (erage 32) Tis ant method of wing ad rewng Timi peers wn etter wien dean ath raply en [tem of vel carer: i nlmea inponible cnc font oii Shen eh Joong, down Wilh opt atin Ted {ee ior tat show: de auction of radon laura eer ‘mn ate ane fndr 1 senses to fellow meveest wd kop {ether syecmit even heforeit bores vile wth he Ener ane Hotig Tes vious ha the camera should be el x tend as pou, a te git Shake ven of not gent tae Baza pegatve wl fecore sey the casper STEVES to dandabvaye wih Jour eg spar AA ariel) eaty Fol at Senet -neitry sgielaceina aan fas pea ena a the cnc oPpraviyturinec Torvald and theriore 5 desabl hed the cea ty grasping thle focusing fount mit he ngk tan wade ee mand esse net sng overs the suursease AS he Bache fe Heian bul it obviously Fads its nat chy and ntuly io photopagh fa "en working wth te retex finder at ches eve he camer sh Toy el eth eel Sn th aes fit of which aos bein postion on ye reese Laos SiMe ihe ight nd supp Ie ante fem tae ihe cama Diy mht Soul et gaol he plete fod. Wie ttmi'and inde Rope? sapon ond srctla presser the toctaig out foe enna Vertical photographs cannot be taken at chest level. The normal ieee ore rr ae te het 5 se 4SHOOTING WITH THE EXAKTA so tate ong ee ere od be pena nage Ui Sie sa at Seca ates OE At ne are hand whee nr er yar ht eae is SEI SESE RU tlt ote re Ti ani oneal ce bel te ee ler Ee Pe it Eubank Rees eitititiets IEa Sse ds tsa Ig are Rade eshte ore al list Pee cele ft fected oan hc ane el Sie SENS DOERR NSE Mato theca gare Soe nae Tha ee To release the shutter (page 26) the shutter-release button sit be posed th fe ball oF he lel forefinger Use npr pesure ony, hep the hand a ls gp steady on theses Th acta pesung down wl have tobe done thsny spd amothye The slwer the expan time, the Sinolie mast bo te rene: Reop your hand scar fhe ‘peal lob whe leasing! or ow epenrenin the So tic sible when works ing at chost level, to inhale, hold the teat and release ‘Mostyn ore to avoid sake. Wen wie jong spores vile hong the caer at aye hea she ebcos ago some support or at east is ganar soreing tabi Tatu way. [10s oF move {i biked who nerring camera shake When lg lr aertae nt Vg foi oes (pap 88, 48}, snd the Exthet sna abe orser fat sursce ieee ipods necesary when aking tne exposures and ocling with the delayed.action release, and it is ‘Scanmendel for speeds trom 1/9 (128) 0 1/2 se, and inartancn exposures of 1/60 (180) ce wi onpfocs Tenses Shooting p , seat Practice the opssations described here so that in time saab es art a i they will become practically automatic. After the camera 25 2%ha been loaded with fim, a instructed on page 13, proceed B lions: 1. Wind im tensor. 2 Setshater sped 4. Foca and determine pstre fame Setstop. 5, Release ‘in i amp ee fo il nang i pn bask STI a ae nd Wt sew Boni as Tele ing tetsu STEAD Uw in pr kt te sien ty tee eat Sa ES sca chormtitiis! ‘Reser eo ce Ve de 00 0D eshwells 3 (ie te) and'T or Zine) ate to tre Bicegehian ala a csc te Snes ye optic el Seretesusiace tie tela 9a Satopia Ee SE agen ones ac atee Tp aay bs aa Bah ores Gisela dena ae The slow speed. craved action knob allows for automatic soir egea i ih aaa aa spots act de ung tig com SEALS) 2M Sh ee fom Lo yi ec a a ig ene Pals wi ro onenare re Siow spoeos ‘btteret ter Winns roars sautrninacekwi © ee Rea cone to opps na on ti ad tet Cho ont Seetelpte ee soma ak te (one 0 DATED ACTION RELEASE FOR SPBEDS FROM 130 7 ile feted ne tl om eee 3 Sonat ek eS a (0 Uakstre san rn tr edie cme EEStor scam pusmcer (a keene DELAYED ACTION RELEASE FOR SPEEDS FROM 1/8 TO oi ec at BP an cote Oe a a ee ® Suit nob drop backs rt hn cota ttt part's sete of engraved shutter speeds on the top betheen he BS Ae ie rotarcar re ae 175 soe Tne mark on the lever has fo pom 20 tbe na on id BER hema n coins SES ea SE, vay ere en ove Ht Cd lors oa NE om | pee sant mated woe ces a a 8 Raeshatt acta perc tt place 8st. she release —— — els el sk, Beene hice tears foe Datdnc casking® citer tae he oes taste a ee cet at enh OT Suen ede a Becop tone iny emote ee tn ‘engraved on the las. The purpose of the Gaphtagm fo adj "Tia slowapeed hrc of te eater 35 mm, Feakts mode hate eh ces ved maf th os, ie Fed Opus fa ‘tore delayed Sign have obs plead agains he Per Id niches (when wn ew hero) Spust the sk ral 28SS. Te of the reer imase yi ORIG of tel cad rene opto fel paake he aecwace sae on te ‘To feline jet quick and crete coe Reeryies t sai Sea cher amen rare es Oa Bee Se cay ie he roe ake eg a or ee le ecb py ack rl ein i s ee eee i hig ae ate, ar baat hide mae oe Ge ae ny oes eas er He et cote Neer reer cckege le Gopeseed the Sophie See arate Ghee ie SITE soy et an, ven a wees un aes + Heese ty presi th serrata gv, tout shai Se rermsee ree rag tam {eas Roh wl Meret ater in he oe Gigs Gea arte ion isioedte SAgnas " Mt eseueson he nbn sn a. at oc Gracia ir Somes tcscetl Ippo ber 1 bore ve i ERE ate & Sprite fees ESOS SS ora wn tn 8 1. After exposures bes anesthe ein pion ETLIOOD ‘Nines bonaen pues tt Say cutest dceresed On remem onecer pai eet ae Re ase te aa a eae wale ey TERE MRS Sion luc haste flue parle nie Pc cnietcuseing wet oral Eras hes reve ership har tbe pied dewalt ee sable "She ae (igo fand aa 50 the end bed en sour. Ons I Mp depesed wai rowing 2 ras the cess hea cen nod a a inwards tas he sca buds wi gor th engage the setae fey othe eae SSATAP bY cise Mie tn te vein hob tsa cocbwue Prchon unl th Hye somes wound back int ect, ‘Borer nding can fe olmewed by toe maven of th ih {edtoport inlet teas the Howopesd 30 cy os oe toy cg te fi tsps eer eakts WC ane RLION teibd koe bay ol-over bende sc fi 6 sd In he Grob Br ihe une tow ‘Setar Fakta mio mie the evinding ky am theca ta and rm t oases wy he amb ad ax geo theta tian the Girton of Une amon. Fe ural iD Mee eet It wind exer iy rosa and ive ty a thee she deed now comer aff the epi of Se tale Te Nund'hack nt esas 2 Open the exmera back (Ae pag 13, No. D, 4: The camel of expated fms ken out by pulling the evind key ‘Dogars a fora tl eo. 4 fess the camer bay a eid Kea Inch Lt te Sepia pautins Wine he tevin? pe of he AT LIOMD Ha S0P Siang Gea all pang tte Back fotos noid itn, tbe ear out the rewind vero (oe Ye Ritson bet nd tuned onyebo he lter Unloading without Rewinding ‘When working from cassette to cassette, the procedure {for unloading the Exakta VX, Ila, Ub, VXS00 and VX1000 is. follows: 2UNLOADING THE EXAKTA “UNLOADING THE EXA 1 (196) ‘eS cere nC: aes Ge rad ene 1. Cut Sm wih btn ating ie 2 State eo ind exposes 5 Open camera 4 Remove eats, © Gite camer back or raed with im, 1. The ab of in eating le (oe ton of i eye enn tt ef eto ‘bobber al ot wich» tal ieraaae bene (iat SST a Sa HEL Rea Puen ted Diet dtd nie elcin 2. Ta a inspec e i e ‘into the cassette and so protect it from light = 2. Open camer ba ee a3, ND 4 Ream cee eve 8.9) 5 Ginter tec ore Bn Changing Party Exposed Fim TRepatrga ply expose ln by enother ons 28h happen i tow colour photographs were rade ia between {ome blzkandiwite ctr, ort sewaped in ed feted es fat one, an etsy mater withthe Pak, stot te nurrer af eres frames one fy counter gad he sein ti ec so oe es i vnc in to osinar ay to estan ould veto be ovecome in orer ta pul he fm end from the tie spool bat todos in thine wes the whole fl Ino te beginning of the fl, note the number of exposutes taken ‘and then put i into a container oF wrap iLup. Now tie ‘camera ean be loaded with another type of Bm ‘hens ap copings preg nu ts oe ‘rpo.ed fumes have teen wound OF To Ge oa We sues. 5 2mi choos fae ee ay ee ee ee iti rant dona and to set the shuter to te tes Spee Canting OFF Exposed Fitu Parts "is deste wo proces some of th 36 exposures fh ‘near wastg the nls of fe ad Ihe arora might es Vor iae ream a models fase bea ed wa the bal sith dowrbed oa page 12 Thscen bused or cuts sped ramen emcee abt 1 bod Helene Mecca cab Site mate ee Gendcomemne be taut ee oe aN ora Stee LES inane Tica mw be peed io te earrecy a the ‘hellin Shor etted wien open the carere Bac a ermove Wo move the Han te wy dea Lom te te-up spook gd an! wseped up haber sady Tor pene EAE MESS MASS SS SaaS Sen ee (Ghee eso, wal can then be removed 3 EXAKTA FILMS “The Bxakta uses standard perforated 35 mm lm giving upto 36 exposttes 1714 in (2436 min.) atone losdin ‘DAYLIGHT FILM CASSETTE, The fm supped a mal or plats css which ight taht otra stean bzpuset into the camere and removed in davighe ‘BAVLIGHT REFILL FILM. The film i supplied 02 cexreglpe mereit an peie oe8 Heh Wain Tne daylt ffls have to be used in empty Cisetin aad can be leaded into them n daylight BARKROGM REPICL FILM These. are’ eady-cot lengths, generally fr 39 exposures, which mist Be loaded tite empty esse inthe darkeoom. SBULK FILM. Uncut 35 in fm in feagths of 16 19 100 f (3t6 20 from which length may beeut, immed ang leaded into at empty ease ace pase 7). “Wik the msrton ofthe loaded eassete&desied op 3, we have to see how thecasete sl foaded With EShiabie length ot fim i te darkvoom. Safeligha Inte eof ange ins oly he dat er =punghrosteht™ nay be used ttt Set to work i ple darkte, The fo sot feat. 1s, however, Sdniable to Ast peat ling with @ dummy Alm 13 jig before string dantroom work Handing, Winding and Trinwming the Flim ‘When taniling tke actual film, particular care must be taken not to ouch is emulsion (siti) side. I should only be handled and spocted oo to the centre spool of the cassette by folding the lm by ts edges, preferably between thumb Ad Index finger (page 33) Ac he same te, it fs of no less Importange that the spet on which the Wading is dooe 4HANDLING, WINDING, TRIMMING 35 mm. FILM should be perfectly dry, clean and dust free. Only a spotess, lean negative wil produce the desired result! So ‘When using bulk fim in loading cassettes, the edge of the workcbench ean be marked with notches or drawing-pins 10 of film, This eonsiderably simplifies the measuring of Rim length in the darkzoom. re ceey ae ‘The film ends need trimming At the beginning ofthe rol Br tea _— entre spool of the cassette and measure olf the required feneh at lm ee table below), Atthe end ofthis, make toe curved cul forthe take-up shoo) (page 35) The cared cut rl tion—alien emulsion 43 towards you-—and must not Bo 3 spat ‘through a perforatien hole. ‘The ready-cut flm is now spooled on the centre spool Ingcate various distances, fetus say for 12,24. 36. pasures Stet oat offi, make ether a straight of wedge-shaped cut for the ‘Should start between the nintn deni bolem perfora- of the casictie, as deseribed en nage 37. One will have to LENGTH OF MUM REQUIRED FOR ANY NUMER OF EXPOSURES Ranger —Legihed Naber Leng of Nontar Fp ep Fin sprlres Reged ExpluresRegured Espen Reqared So mee sth MoO Rw ys x ou Hw sor ey sy tat 5 8 om % sus oO mm sy 8 32 a 03 ots oon tor ey 13k o 2 min oi a > Bu oy te oo wie ew no @ wm ee lcig iningmake sure, while winding on, to hold the film only by its ‘ase ‘When winding the fin on and of, eare must be taken that no reat presse is put on the ini andl that the flm-ends fregt eed when dele toute aad Fale to take the fret precaution may restlé in fogging, while neglect of the liter yreciution may give rive to peculiar Hinds of exposure effects known as “"ighinin: These ave due 0 eleetneal dacharges, ad appear as dark, ZTigsat Vines running from she edge of the fie cowards the Genire ofthe pisture Loating Cassetos “The majority of assess aonsist of a contre spool which In snot wit top apd boigom cover. The im leaves the Shu bya ightrappad slot (ihe cassette mouth). The centre Spool eat Be removed fruit ibe shell by removing eter top (Gr botiom of the casetts, according (othe construction of the purieule containers Mut of the Gysilice ave actially imtonded by their smakers to be aed wns only, and wih the lr orginally Mippled in ity However provided hey sve reayonably feltsty mage ant the lighttrapming velvet st fis eood Gndition, these caseies cet be reloaded many ties, and sl pve peril satifaciry rele" Maadled cael. Cassettes with Balk Film or Darkroom Refills 1, Work inthe darkroom in appropriate safelight. 2 Prepare film. 3. Open cassette Fix film on centre spool, 55 Wind film on centre spoo 6. Inset centre spool into (o projet from the lighttrap 7. Close easset ‘As disco on pape 34. Ar derived soo the fist 2 J, of film has Ea t-te ee a aed ha at tad Bacasre he ateneay cient Sele Sisal a wnt any sable iting to fod the, Soe a eis pe 17. Where but op and bottom eowers at loos, it testa to x eMC, elerbly wih's engi fades calor ape Cassettes with Doslight Refills 1. No darkroom is necessary. 2 Remove film wrappings and label of rei 3. Open cassette, 4 Ietroduce rel into shell of cassettes the fist 2 in. of [paper leader has to project from light-rap. 5, Close cassette 1, Pall ont paper leader and 2 in of film. 7, Cat of paper Teader. 4, The atl centre spool of te earriege i treed 5, See No. 7 above. he Chie of cnt Mate “yee esr hing fn "ef fo any 0 ery sendin tear ie mecgtn harass se te rss secession Rae es eae ‘COLOUR SENSITIVITY. Peay a 35 nm Sis ta be aa sete leis ‘heat nknoen apr IRA RED ey, sn nl iy Bryan ria ney in ate! so ee a ep ee Sie ieeeetieareeca est Serena ca ae ese 38OPVING FILM, For copying Mackand-uhite alee Cooks sede, ca no pps Lek canbe peomendcd Sarat Fay heh lon noses, For lsc Spire Kishronate aoe ‘SPEED. The senstvity of len materials to light in general is expressed a5 a number of degrees, or as just a nmber, ‘according tothe system used. The principal sysiems are te ‘American standard (ASA) and the German standard (DIN}, Siseds an aise, bur sa qualy which must be pad for by possible disadvantages of the riateral in some otter respect. To call the fastest film the best would be just a8 foolish as to select a racing car for daily motoring. Slow fim: are of low secsitity requiring comparativey great ‘pba Tha drag he arma oe ur ear: of lgeeat witht fe gaauer tce bean ily vile, Sich tins 'ako ytd img of the Son arco oes ian camrancicmsnocane ae “eon tr ty ss rn acm et se ae Ee aun ffl 01 ea caren hl anal fe ase {Beha boot lait ahd ices in Btourale Conds. Tas Be ‘ent for the pbeographce who wa to be prpoied for te Seooal hare frm wa has ter pe eat shot in poor lghe The stings are 200 400 ASA or S827 DIN. ‘a ot fn pinay need for Nihon pt hein all nse tr pts n poor ingle ploy and EL Sag! pele” SRE Re eit nl ee ‘enol real are tay eben, tse be ‘intpapny. Te Peed Pie Be i wlan Yad sic Spe gs ranges D153 NB » 25 mm. BACK AND. WHITE BLS “he ahve sed fue uy tad on he tt ASA Standard for aunties” Fes ur aera ae te As na Gintadoiclmasl aa, ned se soe hers tenet Heats teen aa pasate aes uccorang fer sar whch ea aero wee Se Hing ateut 100 por eer weil inthe exposure atiude of mot Bask and-uhie dims) So fou may come sates fms apparently ox) [atest av others similar type Secamect is difsencen ai Table cn ths pope saat he current fm spends tobe wie ‘Mihi eapsur ee, Cyne pacing Bees fea “This appis to Mocks pape sens a speed rtd hve net changed for colour Bins 0CONVERSION OF FM SPEED S¥STEMS yan mn ok 8 ld rots tai ey SR Bt ee nau teen ee aN Seliby Tums conn, dat es Ma ake te able Cound Tikes ota weal erates heen ERAT wast one a) face aane at ice ish Se Gee a a ae Lea eA Eine cere ticsed Setanta ae ae fine Sea ag ee Ts a RR tio ah ny ali ne ered airmail Paya RIS Fira es oat era Ea ree es el te Re cnt PEATE ELT ae nay am at vb Se ee rere Mitra ates Shas ireiiey cvnion ices remer rey lize SRE ay Ge caress eras Gaeak ane ig in ree aaa re 4 ies einer pte nance Se SSeS Eincancisa e o Colour Film “There are two types of eoloer film for the Exahta. The first type is negative colour Hew and produces egatives in ccalour. These negatives resemble ordinary negatives th ‘dark parts of the subject are ihe and vice veres and in alin the elourg se revered Tis ue are gulow or mish, reds are blue-green, and greens are reddish “These Colour negatives are then printed ox a similar kind gf material to give eofour prints or colour ealargements. ‘You can also use these negatives to obtain Hack-and-white ‘Print in the normal way. ‘The second type of colour miatril ig reversal fm and produces positive colour transparencies on the Tim which ‘ss exposed in the cunera, THese tansparencies can thet be viewed by trausmlted light oF proeied through a Profi and solo fiat cen aso be made fom Hem. ork kinds of colour fm, are available in two types, balanced for daylight or one of several artifical ight sourves, EXPOSING COLOUR FILM. The esposure latitude of colour fil is very small Tis therefore apportemt te ascor tain'the exposive time accurssly with a reliable Photo electric eter. Underexposed and overezpoxed filme not fnly produce dense or Weak transparencies but lea the Golout values are distorted. Overstposure produces, pale “uled colours; underesposire ives turd, detracted colour. ‘Avoid great contrast such as deep shadows; preerably dye the ight coming irom behiad you, or photogaphs ty davigh. ue dayiht type. ln, Load your camera wit aril ght fim whet taking pt Io the it of bgegowe tc bls at FPhotoocds: Daylight fn say te ied th artical ight and vice Yer with he special convession fers recom= 2 Seat, ee i ‘mended by the manufacturers, For fash pictures, use daylight colour film with blue-inted Rash bulbs, For disiant landscapes, senes on hizy days and st hi altitudes, 2 nazs filter should be used 0 prevent a bid ast, This her is also useful when sing eect Nash to produce warmer tones. ‘The Ger does not call for az) Increase in exposure. “a DISPLAYING THE COLOUR PICTURE. The colour transparency can be viewed in a variety of transparency Viewers, The simplest consist ota magnilying lass Sel ina Frame into hich the picture ean be inserted. Ifthe viewer is feid against 2 lighted background, the pictore appears Colarged and well illuminated, More elaborate viewers nave ‘an artificial light source of their owa. "The most satisfactory way isto project the transparency ina slide projector which wil thom a large picture on £0 8 Projection screen. Transparencies will also yielé colour enlargements. ‘The colour negative can be printed or enlarged directly on colour paper fo produce a colour print of any size. Aliroa~ tively, the colour negatives can be printed on postive transparency film fe. produce colour transparencies. for Viewing or projection in exactly the same way 2s explained above. “EXAKTA LENSES ‘A.wide range of lenses bas been mounted forthe 35 mm. Fagite cameras. The standard leases are 2 in, (5 cm.) oF 2a, (58 em), Soave of these lenses were, or ar, marketed by the manus futur of carer soni gu independerly ok hem, For tht ressch one ay find Exaktas with lenses not listed in this boo, Lenses af ay foe length rom 20 mm. to 1000 mam. and cof spertices up 10 1.3 can, be jaterchanged with the ‘Statdard fess in any oF the 35 mn, Extkia cameras "A piost (tppertant fexture of the consirustion of the Eqaktas is thay, listever fens way be employe, the correct Jauage and seuitate Focesing is objained tn the micror rofex Housing, Comequcnilyy no spectl finders are aceded, ax this atthe same Hing Goes sway’ wit paraliae, no rater fhow short of how long the foes Iangth of the lens. “This Woes aot bold. good For the aoeiry fine finden device. The fame finder is correct only for the standsed Tenses. "The diaphragm on the Exaktae i adjusted by means of a aiiled ring engraved with the apertre Agures on the lens ount. Pret or sulomate aperture selling lenses are Supplied wah reseet medals: their manipulation is described tn page 29, No. 4 "Fhe mounts of the fenses are arranged so that accesories es, upneents, fers hod sane sip on or Seating and Changing Lenses “The 38 on, Exakta ve looses focusing mount, Tai 19 ty witha Beka! fousing mount. Wien sewed bs te minty posi, Poin or peer pate mone nly by tain th ew 4s ‘ye nin et er dns ey en a some eee ee ee ea tt ch he cee se an hg hel ly inte Id vie scree a at beer cena nee from the cimra bady. hese te a ede sono Ts NN ne nr ener eet Teen ee oe fara treat eee es eee Seieteet toc teed ety tee suet he Se teoged aeta eae een e ra eet oe aera ae Se ar bee eee eerie ee ren ees 1 ta rer lt wan EY fee nese atne Neer Sakae snncnnrermets "The treatment and cre offenses is a matter oimpertancs, ‘on accomt of is chemical compestion, eptcal lass of tg gualty is ssceptibe to the lnuence of moisture, and {oF tl enzom touching the pat with the Ringers should be {volded. Wacn not ia tues the len shouldbe prtaced by putting onthe lens cover brat lust by a ined case Since epi pnecon pol. he ee ce hod fe leaned sccasioaally wih a lean, soft chamos leather, The Choice of Lenses The Domiplan f28 50 mini, Tesar f2.8 $0 min. and Qreston fh 30 mint can be retarded as “standard” lenses fer the Exakta aud the mott sutable for generel use, Tis wrong fo assure that the high correction ofthe large fapertute lenses enables one {0 use them invariably at hele Fail opening. 1 wil be appreciated that the depth of eld mn only te compare sul, so tat ae fn than fot stopping down becomes necessary. Large apertures are, however used ix acherte lighting conditims and they also ensure @ bright focusing image on the ground-glas, “The pessesscn of one or more of the longer focal length 46leases may temp: the owner to ue them more fequely than neceuary Tia be remettsred at focusing oles log foal iengin as tobe dens owe sccustey, as Sal ie dept of oeus eonaieris ore ted han wih eases of shorter eras Atte te is ovng tothe longer al tom capecte pects of 1/30 133 wi those lens teod more tely to fave sckecif ge tcp a ct ed"than wih tse fread fo tg All Exakta lenses may be used in enlargets ited with an appropriate bayonet Mange. Atte peu conte Tomi of nino ‘acs oniehselineleoucenty (Ge fghseiten bakes fo nr surfs fn te ore The. ataver Sf ight wale pa Se Spal heals whee ee a ulin a eh ‘ehueguenily brifbance and fonts! ae mont banded ai Standard Lenses 2in 2B DOMIPLAN: thre clement trp constuction of good peigrnance and colsucorrcton tne for al Een PO Fraps ark ofthe amstourpotoraper in (Sem) TESSAR/2 ner ouratmen ese fo Hes Seta Wiaroutaba Tight concn he parfeviany ch ‘iki lf vere nephive and goed colour cafeticn 2h (cm) ORESTON 18:4 stslenent lens may be consiered ‘me aot lem or de apeite Be the {verge spec fu pes, the pian td ‘apid moveneyt ine damien ito fe comdcted se 7 pol, sc wi al uptrend as we nee an caren power {The Grecion tomuncundioinhed st wml aperture! @.2 2 DOMMON: 9 ivstemest Gausstyne contin, of Sah inion and of armor pertrrance tothe Paeniar Bo wih ‘slg oension peru tne nsing Soweto 4a Eavler Prokta models were titeo wil other Lents, su 284 mn phate (mart Parson sn. /19 Basle, an shes Wide-angle Lences Weare lrses hyve shorter foal lng and sow wider angle ‘fis than ihe sana! eau he iene te ak cove as Scmpated wih he standard Esai eno nck inte tbls on basse ieanalelemesil fam partcubty sel for aking nero poe SUSE SON pati eee ‘Where he Uhnce subjctamafrestted,Penprstve as Seige Iya wean km apes he mae ens! thre to ‘al Kg is bun Te coger of perspec uf te ee fgets con be pw good Sr apa cate ape tfaace the freed fa eriposnign cf itedce sore oibet ‘Een Gots cnet pup wh x Ge an ‘oil ffl us slit depres Tie sam be eet lo Sure ete) ‘yeh teneoissqponue tne, engl lees forte 85 wn, Exot hogan f 2 Flhiopon 25 Gresceyn P34 2) Een 3's 30 Elstogon 283 Fm. Prinagon (43.38 Lonfocns Lenses ngs yh 35,0 ata avi es of fcrsinuction posipemiag mush nor se a Wine georesein alive an the eae enance Dewey carers agg pe he fa ng elo in of te tiers Lomplccts free are thus’ paricaay Eee wir open ent a ‘ase when taking eal. pura potegraph and polit, wire che lle respecte wt an be got Sth te loner fee an ah Screed porking dance fcnallysdvomugenae The se thant of ones emanate yd dap ot onus 46EXAKTA LENSES UPS HUEHSTEE ETT ARTA, EXA WAND EXA 500 LENS‘he stand eases and thes shoul be fated mate early Ale, Seal weg hive uae ines nove Nea sry the camer, ait iach to operselongih tapocare ies ih ‘he cane inal ca a tno, Long foes les forthe 38 mm. Eats TE mm. ft Bowe {29 ran 38 Ronee Hen /3 Pemar 13 tun: f4 Sonar Ha mon f28 Snr 73 Frage HU 53 Tele Mego 38 in A Oreiog 100 4 Orestezoe 30 if Soonae 320 of Tl Neg ‘en f3 Foret S00 en 2 Orentesr Sto tne Surrey ea 100 wnt fs onan, ile the Ea Mla yl ae the same eae a the Esa it sone ofl incon ens the edge othe sopuses ae sa ot nite Exe L Ts cara whe the Stange Uctwees te wn Bho kc ns oe mines ap fo 10m a foul eng, bt ong loa! ests sbuld ot be vse 3 THE TECHNIQUE OF FOCUS Depth of Field Strictly speaking, an ideal photographic lent can give a cally sharp image of @ single plane only~-so Tat as the image formed ia the plane of the film is concerned. This is the “plane of focus", and its distance from the plane of the film represents the distance on which the leas has boen Tocused. Stil, points in frost of and behind the actual distanes focused at appear o be sharp. low i this possible? ‘Any point lying oulside the plane of focus will not be represented in the plane of the fm a8 a poiat, but 2s smal “circle of confusion”; the diameter ofthis circle of confusion increases in size with the aperture of the lens. Furthermore, the greater its focal length the further the point to be represented lies from the plane of focus, and the larger the circle on the fm. Indeed, we know, the longer the focs! length and the larger the aperture, the narrower the bet in front of and behind the distance focused which appears to be sharp. Still the human eye does ‘ot perceive an jmage to be unsharp aslongas its departure fron pla-polnt” delineation does not exoved ceria Limits, ‘That fe nt aad behind We pine eal exec ‘which, although not “pin-point™ shurp, can be accepted a3 Shaep’ by the: human’ eye is desedbed te photographie language as "depth of fla”. ‘As a matter of experienc: it is found that the cigcle of confusion sil appears a5 «sharp point if it is sen from a istance at which the angle of view which it subtends amounts to two minutes of are at most. In plala English, at a viewing distance of 10 in. (25 em), which may B¢ fegarded as arma for a print between 436 in. and 6>8 in, (13% 18 and 18 24 em.) in size, this means that the highest permissible diameter of the eizele of confusion is 1/6 mim. For the 24236 mm, (114 in.) negative of the 35 mm. Exakta this corresponds to 1/30 mam, maximum permissible 2DEPTH OF FIELD diameter of the circle of confusion. Ths, all points which ‘re represented_on the 35 mom. Exakta negative by a circ of confasion of not mote tua 1/30 mus. dimeter can be accepied as covered by “depth of field” and therelore as sulliienty “harp” Control of Depth of Field “The depth of fekd—being dependent on the focal length of the lens used, the distance actually focused at and the fperture cimplayed-—has to be asceriained for every stop separately. The relox image of the Exakias permits conteol of the depth of feld. In stopping down, the increace ia definition to the foreground and the tackground. from the actual point one has facused at can be seen (upto the state where fhe refles irage erewes 0 dark for observation). Use of the mugailier and focusing hood extension (see puze 20) facifiates the observation considersbly. ‘Nevertheless, one showd make some allowance for the fact that our focusing screen only nezative sie, not the size ofthe enlarged iat, and that the eye cannot distingwis 4 very small. cece Trom i mutherasical point, so it can, hhappen that towards the extremes of the range of depth of fled seen on the ground-glas, the enlargement will sow blur, Indeed, in every cose when importance fs attached to sond definition in depth, ove should rather rely on depth of field tables than on what appears on the focusing sereen. "The lenses ofthe Exakta are in addition fed with adept of eld ealeulator. allowing one to zead off figures for depth fof field for the different stops and distances at once, The Tens mount has been Provided with a special scale bearing the greases, dvegng fom ether Se ofthe inde "To reed, fist set the distance index (obtained by reflex focusing oF by guessing) to, let us say, 1D ft. Assuming that wwe are working with 22 in: (5 em.) lens with aperture 15.6, the two index fines marked 5.6.0n the depth of Held ring stpoint on ene side 0 6 ft, and on the other side to 20 f. ‘The range of depth of field is therefore from 6 ft. t6 30 fe, while actually set to 10 1 The reader wil be surprised 10 find these figures very different from ihose given for the same condiions tn our depth of feld tablen, the reason being that on perfectly tnjuctfable grows IOs. hes ‘een allowed by the ranifocturers es permissible circle of confusion, compared Mth the accented standard of 1/30 mow. for 1h %1 in. nega tives (page 52). The depth of feld ealelator is misleading. Limits of Depth of Fett ¢ widely held iden that everything is equally shaep thin the depth of Held and completely nstarp outside these limits is istaken. Ke must be emphasized Ua, a5 We have said before, tical “pin-poiat™ definition can be pected only in the plane actualy focused For the very reasen cave should be fakes to place the oossos esoety es posible atthe spat on wich the greatest Glorness Ye requred. Tt may be emphasized gain that facing sould always be done with Tul aperture of the lens to nave the least “depth” on the screen ond stoppiOg downoaly ke done alterwnds Th the evse of astont landscapes, use should wot he made cof hyperfocal distance (Gesribed below) If the greatest Sharpness is required. in the far distance. In ths case foetlong.on the objet th the far astance wil gine Beet resiliy Tis appies ah 10 the ase of Uhe slst-20ne fleuting dtd! on pase Se When making use of the builtin magnifier, the Exakta forces us automatically 10 eoncenteate on the rain sec, 2s the nagar shows only a porton of the whote ree fnvag, Tis all the better, 35 otherwise one is rater a ‘© uige the picture by fi geawmal appearence on the Skiclaua’ taich ds Gas iousy Seinen oa be omen hat deceing Farther, the assumed circle of confusion which bas beea laid down for the depth of focus tables is derived on the supposition that the whole negative is viewed or enlarged. When small sections of the negative are greatly enlarged, the depth of field decreases accordingly, Because the crle ‘of confusion is enlarged atthe same time, That is just on¢ more reason why focusing should be caried out as exactly st ponible Gnvthe other band, in exactly the same way as sharoness is not absoluely uniform wrthin the depth of eld, the jon ot uasarpess out we deth of Sed aca increases only gradually. The Hyperfocal Distance ‘The depth of field extends for a greater distance in the direction of infinity than towards the camera, When a lens is focused on such a distance tat the depth of ek just reaches the far distance (ifiity), then the les is focused fon the “iaaltysaear point” or the “Nyperfocal distance”. ‘This sdjostment of foeus is always advsable when it i desired to secure adequate sharpness from, the farthest ‘Sstince as fr as poseitle im the foreground, rather thas, fextrame sharpneisin the far distance only (see page 57). Safety-zone Focusing ‘There are opportunities in s photographer's life which, like time and tide, wait for no man; wien, to bring your Whole techaieal armament to bear-—rellex focusing, exposore meter and the rest—would be to le your prey escape you for ever. Such situations are best dealt with by applying a iad of pre-prepared depth focusing as follows: FOR 38 mm. EXAKTA WITH Zin, (Sen) LENS: Focus at 15 (4 m), sop 8, “Erecting betece 10 a 90 wl be sharp. Foes at 301.9 m), 6p 8. Teryting Somos 19 a nal el be sharp. 56Hyperfocal Distance and Depth of Field Tables ape: ee orp in ctor wit he pies ion on page 2 for ste of conti in he cepa Sells the Agus 94 the Wf of ect riff ego tees sone bot nea pec “et tice we he Wy hn Beet gn {fe Beas moma The fet above tem pte he SUA Re IOS re tar ante pue Sow te dato he tant ink in foe ad tenes) ft ak BSpikortald " LHrPERVOCAL ISTANCE gaesegrctey tao dhdehon tain (rnin mace) DEPTH OF FELD FOR STANDARD 2m (Sem) LENSES (or cameron it marco 0 oe 90) jase [eae \ans [x an [JanDEPTH OF FELD FOR 3-34 (7.58.5 om) LENSES (for ooo ite mec uni ee poge #0) ae [ade105 em) Lenses DEPTH OF HELO FOR 4 (Gor amrton Inte matric uit, 0 ope 90) 5 z & &om) LENSES 3 p0g8 90) i i i DEPTH OF FELD FOR 748m, THE TECHNIQUE OF EXPOSURE “The cortect exposure time depends on two sets of cireumstances: (D The amount and colour of light reflected fom the ‘object to be photographed. This sts turn, depends 08 the season ofthe your tne of dy, situation, weather, ef (@) The speed of fim, the kind of iter used, the aperture ‘employed and. probably an allowanee for ah increase a ‘Xposure inthe case of special fine grain development. “The correct exposure tie can be ascertained by: EXPOSURE TABLES. These are based on mathematical calelations and praca experience, They tabulate ll or ‘ost ofthe factor given above and if sed with dsereton, Ml give an exposurefigare whieh ee within the Tatitude Sr the im, A Simplified table 1 usualy contained fa the feat puckod with the fm. PHOTOELECTRIC EXPOSURE METERS. They are accumte and. dependable means for ariving st ihe right exponue tine, Some sors of photoleete cell which SSivcuts ght energy into electricity, which in tora moves Sh indlater over table of ligt veles. (Cas exposure meters employ 4 cadmem sulphide photo restane, They ave anton ale of acepant, ae tery sensitive apd accurate They employ a meteury bition baery which has an average ile, im noratal Use, of about tre yeu. "To the experienced Exakta photographer, the brighmess ofthe image on the refiexfoctsing sere soon becomes eit guide 10 the corect exposure, I acts to some extent ts an optical exposure meer, By using a standard exposure time, ey L4G) seo. for average subjects, ean besome 8 rnatter of habit to vary the aperture so thatthe seen has {Pandard intensty of ilumioation or to see how far into the comers of the screen delals may be observed bul {he latter only i the subject feof even iumination). 6EXAMAT ITL Meter Attachment ‘This is & pentaprisn finder attachment for the Fxakta and Fea | aneras which permits combined viewfinging and exposure measuring by means of a bullin CaS meter, rmassuring the light through the lens. “There are tree methods of exposure measuring: 1 img the aperture setting with a preselected shutter speed. 2, By varying ‘the shutter speed with a preselected aperture 3. By measuring the ster speed-apeture combination 2 omordnary manvally operated Mees. ‘owe he Barat 1. To tery (XL by removing baer cover oe io he TOTS REM Say ap upward ond pce 2. Set dean te HE po eas body 2 BerSi ec uri te i ode ee oP af the mete ie BRAE BINS adage? Be RSX AS one oro 4 Sefer mc by Si he vik on he top eft the green :Eemareeemct Rag Seatac hacen 8, Term aperture ing of the eas until the mater needle inthe viewer ierriari ais HS pcan eta ml cca art eh ioe Re ih il ee cee ae PTR ened Gana eter wa Ee Sea eer me +g Sen eee 6 mes cama Se Rate rrr Exposure Meter Attachment ‘A special exposure meter unit was provided for she Exakta YVarex, but was discontinued in 1961. It is 2 combisation of 2 pentaprism focusing unit stil available, see page 21) with f bul photo-slectric exposure meter and, in addition, it fncorporates cect vision optical finder. “Tote te eter 1 Seta sec 1 eT ea ts, cia eo io i ta a Selec 1 OEY EP OPM ci etc ott eee es Rene repre Set SLe Si ai jebcaransacts OO etn and iil StRS ese eae me ee ee Ber ees ies poe err Cane trie oes Boon re tewiiea tie es me A NEI ce awe dtcaane Sasa ‘The TIL Pentapris for the Exakta RTL1000 ‘The TTL pentaprism for the Exakta RTL1000 combines the pentaprism focusing-vewing system described earlier ‘wit internal througheihe-lens measuring of the exposure, 6‘TTL PENTAPRISM FOR EXAKTA RTL1CO0 rstomaticaly taking info. account film, speed, shutter peed, aperture, aay filers, extension tubes, ete, Which fay be connected tothe eaniera “the fight measurement applies when the ‘TTL prism is used in conjunction with the regalar focusing seceen with Fhicroprigm centre. Ia completely matt focusing screen ts Employed, the fim speed has to be increased by 4 DIN and ‘pith a malt screen wth © mm, bright centre spot by 3 DIN. Fitting the TTL Pentarism “The connecting of the TTL prism i the same as described carier, After fitting the prism into the camera, engage the ‘Enver nin of the shutterspeed kod on the cdmera in the grooves on the base of te prism by rotaing ss shutter Speed setting ise fram slop. 19 stop. When comely Gpanected, the shutler-speed) kaob wi tum whea the Shutterspeed elise of the pram is turned. Using the TTL, Pentaprism Meter Set the fl speed: First turn the shutterspeed disc 50 that ine omange teangle © Vaile. Now turn the lower diss Dr tho aperture setting device so tha its line points to the fing of the centre tise-and Fush she change-over switeh home at the two lines, The its speed (ocnnge figures ASA, Tatitefgutes DIN) ls finally ez by pressing the push-button ft far go it will goin the TTL prism and turning the lower ac ofthe aperture setting devies wits ks white line to the ‘ASA Or DIN speed af the fim to be used. Open Aperture Measuring "With avtomatie aperture lenses (ce page 29), st Is to automitie (A, push angeorer switch on lower dse home tif i Rau nt the okey ee scraper ee cc guna rt ate Setting device so that the widest apertore of the ers SEL eka hearers, pints to the tangular mark on the inside db (Inter~ a ‘ipdite valacs may be st) Let the lar dss eeturn. One 6EXPOSURE METER UNITS reeset ah ° can NOT measure with incovreetly set widest aperture (Ginallest aperture number) To measure, proselost and se\ shutter speed on the shutler speed dise (one can NOT se fitermedate speeds), Puch meter sviteh (above exerieee) to the lef A green circle Will appear in the window ahove jt to indicate that the meter iy switched on. Point the carers towards the subject ard furn the lower dise ofthe apertire sett device ‘until the poinier ou the Fe-hand side ia the viewthnder shows in te centre of the engraved circle, If the ctcle not be rice, sea ler ster see Rea of en the aperture seting device the aperture valee pointing to the Iiangular mark and wansfer ths to aperture setieg ries of the lens, Now release. Switch off the eter by turning the Switch tothe Fight. (One an reverse tbe procedure and preset the aperture. ‘Tuyn the lower disc of the aperture seing device Unt the pitier shows in to the crc, Tarn slutterspeed dsc until the required aperture en the central dise of the upertuie ssiting device points t) the Uiangalar mark om the loner disc. Tt may be necessary to slightly readjus the sperure ‘on the ens if one does net arrive ata Fal sperture nurnier. Ifthe required position on the pointer carvtor be obtainces 1 larger or smaller aperture has 19 be selected, ‘Stop Down Measurement To use non-automatic lenses oF automatic lenses for ‘manual aperture setting, push the change-over switch ofthe lower dise home at the reves: line, Set the shuticrspoed seiting device so thatthe lines of ol three dices urs on top ‘ofeach ote by zaising tie lower dist and turning it To measue, preset the shutter speed by tueaing: the shalter-speed setting dic above the mark. NO intermediate Values mist be sel. Switch on meter—a green incistor Gite wl appear i he Wd sbove the sh, Bait ‘camera to subject and turn the tens aperture ring wail the Dointer on the left of the viewtinder fin the centre of the ”SO circular mark thete engraved. If this pasion cannot be feached, reslect & slower shutter speed. Release and teh off meter, (One cancers the procedure and pre let the aperture roguied on the lene and torn the sutterspced seg dss ‘Until th pointer inthe finder show fo the ose, ease snd Switch off meter’ Do not set Inermediate shulterspeed ‘alse; i nocesary, make fine corrections by meant of the pert sting fing. I pointer Posion cannot be reached, prestlece a wider oe stiller lebs aperture Fitting and Changing Battery ‘The TIL pentaprism for the RTL1000 Exakia is fitted swith a 628 of equivalent mercury oxide baton). The life of the batlery ia normal use is Well in excess of One Year. ‘To change the battery, unscrew the battery compartment inthe side wall of the TTL prism, remove old battery and replace by new one, making certain that ils plus +) sign points tonards the serew fid and close lid’ again. Keep Battery and its eontacs free from finger marks, perspiration, dirt ete, Which can impair the function of the meter. Tae battery should be removed and stored in a dry place if the ‘TTL prism unit s not used for some time. Ling a Ego Meter pula ae Biogsthangh shade ar mule toe ale cute fe Suthecwe usher tba estteneiy sere eee tile cee a aaa SP Fa Gari aie hae Shae Srewen: Ee ates fat pone he a ih Bx SAruDn class tat ajar ae ne pageant ae dat 1 REELECTED LIGHT MEASUREMENT, Ten nado Tas caney ct Spee Ca i te ne em ‘uding of te sts foe in porate outof-dors ou can take fae eas re Ra err ecercr Se eto etadtanc ar leon othe Spt, ent nt, aly ee HM INCIDENT LIGHT MEASUREMENT. Another ethod of cea ing Ty yout gota muen over ending ham you pot tat the sop So fe lg hes bee doum forthe weer leat Ihe Eareet eqpoure This Some by iuing (be whe. datoser suppl SEES eer rat Rong cl ae net wh Sepurane upc aneives oe ae te ola al ° Iepe ing om eset one ar angle of ost aul ihe meant ligt metho portly eal fr fever kur fim a fot jes, Stsing tchoanin when Hs Apt nate’ diay {ake 3 ang fe ad oly to tam your tack ope sapesand yoin ican uroasty Be pat dente ae at Tg ny theme ting [ot ie, don joi ‘Hin round aud post the msier at is! tur round comply aad 21h ain ig aie the tr th ame al ta i ties he ‘the Liat on the sublet ig iret fom that on youre at de camera positon Sy, the sb she abe and ou ab the ‘rel matic upto thet ad ate ering otha ‘Be mer towues te camera poston AGAINST THE LIGHT sues are extrem ces of omanerage you Suite nes tuaht a be Sabet fipoaurenddaied. Asay way ut del incident ph hue om {RE hate, pening towards the subject om he cara podion, std then buble te exposure indicate pe ‘COLOUR FILMS have only a sll export late, so particu Jany cart rein i advgaie, The mete i sedi te sre way ‘Sublethe reading ad not erp Tou to eights as feo ‘ended for sek indvhte sepa dine B THE TECHNIQUE OF TONE The Use of Filters ‘The photographic black-and-white film, even though pacramati, falls to Tender ealours in their trve Back: Endewhite tone valus, So tat the photograph often elves ‘uitea fale impression of the real soene. The explanation Df this discrepancy s the fllowing Scientifically speaking, to the human eye yellow appears to be over fen tines. as bright as blue, three times a3 bright 48 fe, and one ad a hat times as bright a8 green. The Sserage panchromatic Him, however, eusters blue nith & tnlllance of about four Afi thet of yellow, green with ‘nested, sod fed With *Wo-hids af the brightness of Selon. TL therefore evident that in order to abtain a colour sendecing. which wil correspond with seme degree of securacy to the impression of eolouts feccived bY att ee, the comparative sensitivity of the Yarioss colours to cash ‘ther in ur firm wil have fo be correct. Thie cam Be cheed by the wie of Ses. Fler: are intended to coreet om ob negntive material Iie sarin dere of ghee acl piste, Princ, thay inten sect of thir cu cour and darken thai of she complémentary colour (ea. 2 yellow filter wil darken the bloe of the sky). They may be used t9 ‘oblain a colour rendering in our picture which corresponds ‘more closely to the impression made upon our eye by the bjees here we syeak ok "correction ftre™ Bites may abo be employed to produce certain effete: for vnstance, ‘ur picture can be made to show heavy clouds against & partelaly dark sky, whereas the actal landscape revealed nly it clouds ina hive iy. Fters employed to such ends ite termed “eect fier. Alltrs eat out cetan pans ofthe fight and an increase dn exposure time is always necesstry When using them. ™Exoct figures can only be given for each particlas case, ‘ccarding to the fom Use, Tor the exposure ratio depends fot only on the auiute of the filler, but on the colour Ssusltvity of the im and on the colour ofthe light in which the photograph lias to be takes. ereR FACTORS pees Memem@ Sn = bag TS van a & ‘he flowing Staines. a summary of heirs rsnemende a a cin 4 a 2h rea wat 9 eons YELLOW FILTERS manly reiuce the setinie ef, of, blue, senting Gates undone thetore periary antler tne See TY vipa we a aS ae Soul te ind ee Sessa aN GREEN FILTERS hoe sila ofec to ysl fies, bat hey sts dd hac rod (fender dryer fo vic, some panvomati Figs re comparsiy overtenetave(obotogeapbing 1 100 HER. 15 seme eto pana at seSloln tale a teem at ot exam ne Shon, a aee ae maiuen SSR Sioa reg teedeed sua isis tihould cover the top partot the lens. No expomare increise i necessary SUPE A etn ano Cepek ie ie meri irra a cpchvattia imisuerdeandopmee apres ata ee ay ae ei faethe Sienna at ee Ee SARC as tanesé sawn ere tn Cty Se eta a SEE Sars ar meat See ge Tita FOR coLouR MHOTOGRAI eer) Polarizing Filter aed can ey iso uit sunt tae 2 tupac ene RE aes aoc ages ao 9p ws Sn Wis pat wich aut ie el, To erate tat el de pane. hems, ete a pte gi San oe rae eda. tli je a ges oh Ue ier abandon gah ce same Tee dco wales bate oa re eek Foie ot clei) tide hace We ne aan yilag he pote Her te pope Sane es olen er ae i a pt oh Fea Gates errata Sif as hl ices rer ee reer lls a aae SES fe mse Sa 6 dee kt Sane 6CARE OF THE CAMERA Storage ‘When mot in use, the camert should be protected from ‘damp ard dust, preferably in i case, end, san additional precaution, insted into 8 polythene bag. ‘Care stculd he aken fo s2e that the camera is not kept in abnormally high ot low temperatures normal room emperature is best. “Take the precaution of removing any batteries, because however well made these may be there is always a tsk of| deterioration and corrosion. Exercise Cameras (ke tmost mechanical instruments) need to be fexereued regilary to Keep them in good condition, Store Sour camera where You car get at it easily and put it through WS normal operations at least once a month: Set the shutter release and fire several tes. ; Turn toa slow shutter speed ond agate sat the sluter felease and fire. Also operate delayed action device. 3, Examine the exposure meter for correct opention, 4 Cheek fim trangpert, 5. Check the viewnder. “These exercises will keep the mechanism in good order, retaining. the natural qUaliles of the lobnicant— us ensuring the eamera is ready for instant use When fequited Running Test after Storage Before embarking on a holiday hare your eprera will be your constant companion, oF en am important acigne sets makes fw ial exposes. es yale Co tet the camera af lesst four weeks prior to your departure 9 ive lie fora test lm wo be exposed and proceed, This wil ‘avoid a possibly spoifed holiday recor n Keeping the Interior Clean ‘When your camera is used on the beach, or other con sitions where dust or sand can easly infltrate into the mechanism, take the precaution of putting the jastrument fwith ite case into & polythene ‘oF olher cemusiner 90 that {ving dust, sand, etc, particles are prevented from envi ‘the camera. This applies particularly, of course, ii is la down on 2 sandy beach. Furthermore, avoid leaving the ‘camera in such a position dhat direct sunlight is allowed to fall upon it, This ould ruin a camera Smill chips of fim cin easily damage the mechanism; therefore, ateays mabe sie that the nvice of your camera {gots Check Your camera ever tines Toned with Treating the Camera with Care ‘Your camera is a fine, precision instrument. 1 has been produced with great cate and attention to detail, Do not Eloy it to be swung by ity thovleer strap, trou so the Baek car, or eat sift area rabid sa Bali ypu protect the earieza against possible damage due to & Asse you wl be imply repailBy yeats of extent and Coping with Tropical Consitions igh sj widely varying temperatures with ow humidity, sy occur in desert rogions and dry seasons, aad very high Fructity ln talay eosson, call fr spocal precautions 10 rotedt the life ard continued sed. performance of the Einert. These conditions also cause the growth of moulds fon organic mater. Sand, GUst-and insects may present problems. ‘The camera should be Kept dry and clean. Leather parts should be wax polished, metal pacts lightly greased. Never leave the camera unnecessarily exposed to heat. Always Keep itn its case. The lent should Be covered with the lens 8sap whan net ia axe, Our Teas sutices have to be kept fdeumy din and gat removed with sn sicblowsr and by taping, Wipe the lens surface with cottoa-voul or 9pe8 tneth fabrie (butter malin when fequired. Store photographie eauipment in an aight meal box ‘of atin which shouldbe sealed with adhesive (ea ede) tape. In humid atmosphere, add some desiccating agent ee ca gr) © Scndensccn om the es nay ocr when the camera i moved froin a coo! place into humid heats this as to be Femoved bafore use and the whole casera carefully wiped before restoring Bi shld ot Alone than sc onh in ie ‘original ainight Uns (ropical packing) at omtinval te erates of 90°F G2C), At coniinusl 100 (eC), the {ite of most hms is limited to a month or two. Keep films for as short a tine as possible in the camera Storing exmera and film in the glove compartment of the car is inviing trouble Tims should be proceed ae Soon at pou ate ‘exposure ithin & week oF two ony in vety hot humid mates, within a few days. Keep the fm in an aight seule We eect abr mnt) pom, Keep in a telrigerator, But only if you can dry oat the exposed fllm and the container sealed n CLOSE-UP WORK “The single-eny reflex cameras are purticulaity suited for gos 'p plateau, Wien wortas wih suplestestary leases or extension tues, the tual image covered a3 welt 45 the exact delimtion, ean be controlled on the teflex- focusing screen. Parallax, which makes close-up work with almost any other type ot camera at least very dificult or recesiates expensive auxiliary attachments, simply does not exist in the Exaktes. ‘Supplementary Lenses ‘The Exakta cameras can be focused dowa to about 3 f. ‘This figure varies somewhat in accordance with Che Tens employed. “The eld covered at 3. with «2 in. (5 em.) lens is En cose 7 “To photograph at closer range for tabletop, copying ant similar work, supplementary leases can be used. A range of three. Tenses, giving a scope which can reasonably” be eseribed as covering al practical needs, ate 8 1 diopter, 2 diopier, anda 3 diopter. These my he kd Irom Photographie dealers or opticians. One will Bird it con- Nenient to get chase lenses of suitable diameter to Ait into an interchangeable filter mount, so that one mount only is ‘required and a lens can be inserted in accordance with the Gistance at which one has to work. “The distances covered by these supplementary lenses a: ‘Suploeyor fone lane Coured aes om 39 FUSED 3 cm) TGs fem Bo kt Geen) Hekper from apo dt et Soasem} ‘The field covered, the distance at which the lens has to be set, a5 well a5 definition con be observed on the reller wand-glas. The following table giving these figures 1s [ntenced ror general information and purposes ef compa ®0ACCESSORIES FOR CLOSE-UPS Th. ay CLOSE-UP FOCUSING TABLE FOR SUPPLEMENTARY LENSES = Me : a & st a a ° Ey 4 “i * 2 4 : Ey “4 5 3 “8 a be 1 should be noted that no change in exposure time required when working with these close-up lenses. To obll perfect definition, iti advisable to stop down of el wen wa a sath he aati ony 3 oP SA Ets aoa a an prorat el pe in wth oper es, a 76) an iy Pracert tan ate tor 15 OU 1 Gomes ne S/o} a cin EIS Soh S22 nu BLO 3 SSR we easy Extension Tubes Instead of supplementary lenses for close-up focusing, extension tubes can be fitted between the Jens and camera body. They can be had in diferent lengths fo increase the ‘extension of the lens of the Exakta at will, Their purpose is 2sgl to that ofthe supplerentary lense, bu the working istinces ore rather less. They allow photographs up to fpatural size, and even largerthanlife size, to be taken Siright on to the film (see table below). "A sct of tubes consists oF a numberof sections of various lengths, which are filed together (0 provide the required Gaehnton, Tete bs back section with bayonet iting. 10 Teh the camera, ard a font sestion with bayonet Sting {lake the lens, Thess sotow together to give an extension SF LO mim: (or, Fo lengthen the ths, intermediate rings are Nerewed ‘between them. There are thros—S mm. (c), TS mim. (@). and 30 mm, (@), In addition and sold as a scout tee a Horan Mage Gg 3 rag an sonet trtinge at eg end (a). This bs {hed alone to give Sam. extension; oF Ht may be used ith the set af tubes, “The Ena 1 is sltable for use with extension tubes from 20186 him, ‘without cutting of any of the picture are, Timnaer exiensions, however, produce 3 noticeably reduced plete fied LOse-uP FOCUSING TAOLE £08 EXTENSION TURES inc (S em) LENSES” (tenon we tm) tae Gaye eet tat Sie SS RS seh i io FLASH WITH THE EXAKTA Flih san efisent ght sourse where no or inucent date in andihtle’ ALRe at ip, tndoen ee tn the aa usury Your est ih ll you co lari Your see 0 Shey tne orice, “FRE Heh Selena to al deci but, Hower, whe te cap ou pom me asl Sere ESTE al ath oly once and ta To be dcttded i ee goent nang art fest at! a Rasa Se ib a eaten oe nal agenure to Ws teed fr Be pore He Sieapoi ci erica dress sen ieee ute cewatisseae tenet “Electronic tat is prot by an electric discharge inn suitatle acre am feces no ames How 10 Use Pash ‘A Beta cameras ave ical spats for fish, Bish ATRIA Grit in AetGecceae ncn re ‘RAS nla gn et iS esa eee nn "aes scence) ‘Gertie oe ati anomaly coed ie ring iro es te nat 2 SE i nepal he BIRD Sa es the aes spe SUT Vand Garner dae tw wef ae ite ene sat Goma rao ad one ae one Fee etme hte sttting, cecrori can veto Fee anne uae Aetna capa hills Prieta te thos Es or PS) wisssuterseea Bees 1 Te te atta VIO ae ne tr het one et tee it uaa bale (PE BES ee) are ‘peed. of 1/30 (1/25) see. (The lett ‘and F fot signify canst M eemegg) ee et Sot PANE? dan wt ny he wa ty eX comet Reta Nut ae ace sort uation oe sah ovace a estuntanens stot 86oer ise fs ona x sll for elton aah imtallan "contact iio thee sameray Whe the sage Boe ‘onic! cameras have bee duped or = ‘Bove tn adsl wo eake practeal et th Feat plane bulls to ‘rain the const workin, ae variations Pave een oid sn ese ‘der caneren. “ins Eeak'g RYL1000 shutter ha on Nash cpntact onthe side wall ofthe bey Gh whe Issuable or use wth eleston fash at 2S ese ht oo canta template, oppor thebhutr et ss Fo lero aah {St the dah tye oppo fe et betocen 1/30 a 1/0 set Fed Fox bali cebu i oppo tne Jou “Wen wok ith ley sitet anor he lm Bore ‘coma (or the ul sett, ae Ge babe cng tac ta Sack ‘sbstie only ae now disoniawed.” ust exrosuRes tl syechvorization sting marked om the BeBe oh Sth SBS & f & BB ere cee eg a de rs eek SURES ee 33 EXAKTA ACCESSORIES @ FINDER HOOD EXTENSION. This is « collapsible feather bor whieh canbe pushed over te eles hood of he $SGimm. Eyakta.Ieeat out stay light inoesss the Diane ofthe reflex image and makes focusing easier. EXAKTA LENS HOOD. To protst on len agit stray ight from object ontede the pears area, parc SEX plotographidgapist the igh leas boed has to sed Pas ita metal tbe placed over the foot ofthe lens There eno plete which could not be improved tn clarity and Imitlance bth use ofo Tens hood. Yar fens hoods ae Avalable for the diferent Exatta lesen. The Exskta Tens ious are shy conical shaped tubes which are pushed on to the les mount, EXAKTA BUTTON RELEASE. A convex metal button can be srewted into the release Knob, increasing it surface. {faclitaterreessing the shutter wile wearing gloves. CABLE RELEASE, A cable release is supplied for the TBeakta wilh screws ito the screw thiead ia the centre of the relate baton. MICROSCOPE ATTACHMENTS. The micro attac- ments (page i ofthe Exakta consist spy ofa metal tube Wich canbe fitted othe microscope around the dravetube Ring the eyepiece; hingd to this (rype 1 isa Second tube Wie fastens fo the camera, After conaecting the Exakta by means ofthe Moged tubes to the microscope, the mera Rawrungto one ade, The microwopecan now be sed inthe ‘ena mn stand acd, Now ie Euan sang back Into tet ion, Te ground glass seen image of the Bxaktn shows the picture and ie definition avi wil ppeat on the negative. Type 2is not higed, but has rpid exetange mount. Adjustments which may be found neo Sary, both as regards picture framing and focusing can be ovrvted by obnervation trough the reex image, Parca: %6FURTHER EXAKTA ACCESSORIES. ey EP Slarly when taking lving objects following up the object on the reley image by moving the msshasical stage of the Iniccoscope of the aide may prove invaluable. The degree ealargement it determined by objective and eyepiece. FOCUSING SLIDE. This js to facilitate focusing for close-aps and-mucrophotography. The slides serewed to a ‘ipod or copying stand ard the camera attached (0 trnket clamped to the slide, A control knob moves the side, and therefore the camera, to and fo, BELLOWS ATTACHMENT. This is used with the focusing slide and gives 3.5 to 22 em. lens extension for closesups and macrophotogrephy. PRISM ATTACHMENT FOR EXAKTA and IL This {& pusted over the opened finder hood, and allows the ‘camera to be used at eye Jevel. The full reflex image is Sisble ight way up and right way round. The image in the [Rader therefore moves in the same direction as the object ‘This i paticuarly salable in following moving subjects jn the vewladee. The prism attachment caries ce addi tional magnifier. "A similar sttachment js available for the Exakte V and VX, where itis interchangeable with the regular reflex finder (pages 18-21) "A range of specialised attachments have been produced for the Frakta, such as a muldpurpose stand for maccor photography, duplicating transparencies and photornicre- frag jae depts oF net inramenis “esas Endosopd, gasitoscope, apithulmoscope, the Koloseope {or photographing exviles Othe humaa aid animal body. “The description of these instruments has been omived hete as being beyond the scope ofthis booklet *9 CONVERSION OF FEET AND INCHES INTO METRIC UNITS Preersie SsexecsHOW TO... WHAT IS WHERE? 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