Edward Neville da Costa Andrade FRS[2] (27 December 1887 – 6 June 1971) was an English

physicist, writer, and poet. He told The Literary Digest his name was pronounced "as written,
i.e., like air raid, with and substituted for air."[3] In the scientific world Andrade is best known
for work (with Ernest Rutherford) that first determined the wavelength of a type of gamma
radiation, proving it was far higher in energies than X-rays known at the time. Also, a
rheological model suggested by him and bearing his name is still widely employed in
continuum mechanics and its geophysical applications. In popular culture he was best known
for his appearances on The Brains Trust.

Life

Edward Neville Andrade was a Sephardi Jew, his family having arrived in London from
Portugal during the Napoleonic era, and was a descendant of Moses da Costa Andrade (not
Moses da Costa as is sometimes stated).[citation needed] da Costa Andrade was his 2nd
great-grandfather, a feather merchant in London's East End. The surname "Andrade" might
nevertheless be of Portuguese origin (see notes on original pronunciation)[citation needed]
born and raised in London he attended St. Dunstan's College in Catford, which was noted as
the first school to have a laboratory for teaching secondary school age pupils. From there he
attended University College London under Prof F. T. Trouton where he gained a first-class
honours degree in physics in 1907. After graduating he stayed on to pursue research,
choosing to study the flow of solid metals under stress, a subject to which he returned
several times over the sixty-year course of his research career

In 1910 Edward Neville studied for a doctorate on the electrical properties of flames under
Prof Lenard at the University of Heidelberg and then had a brief but productive spell of
research with Ernest Rutherford at Manchester in 1914. They carried out diffraction
experiments to determine the wavelengths of gamma-rays from radium, and were the first to
be able to quantitate these, thereby showing that they were shorter than the wavelengths of
then-known X-ray radiation that was produced by "Roentgen tubes".[4][5] He joined the Royal
Artillery during the First World War, and then became Professor of Physics at the Ordnance
College in Woolwich in 1920.

Career

He was Quain Professor of Physics at University College, London from 1928 to 1950, and then
Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution for three years,[6] until opposition to
his attempts to reform the RI led to a vote of no confidence in him by members of the RI,
following which he resigned. In 1943 Andrade was invited to deliver the Royal Institution
Christmas Lectures on Vibrations and Waves, then in 1950 he developed the lectures further
and presented the series on Waves and Vibrations.