A.

ASHLEY - SOMA
 The cell body contains the neuron's nucleus, which houses the genetic
material (DNA).
 The soma is responsible for the metabolic processes that sustain the neuron.
It produces energy (in the form of adenosine triphosphate or ATP) through
cellular respiration to fuel the neuron's activities.
 The cell body contributes to the production of these proteins, which are then
transported along the neuron's processes (axons and dendrites).
 It contains the cytoskeleton, a network of protein filaments (such as
microtubules and microfilaments) that provides support and helps maintain the
neuron's shape.

Ashley - Differentiate excitatory, inhibitory, and modulatory neurotransmitter.

Excitatory neurotransmitters
 promote the firing of action potentials.
 Excitatory neurotransmitters increase the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will
generate an action potential (an electrical impulse).

Inhibitory neurotransmitters
 work in concert with excitatory neurotransmitters (such as glutamate) to maintain a
delicate balance of neuronal activity.
 Inhibitory neurotransmitters decrease the likelihood of the postsynaptic neuron
generating an action potential.
 block or prevent the chemical message from being passed along any farther.

Modulatory neurotransmitters
 influence the overall activity of neural circuits, impacting various aspects of neural
function without directly causing or inhibiting action potentials.
 Modulatory neurotransmitters do not directly cause the postsynaptic neuron to fire or
inhibit an action potential. Instead, they modulate the overall activity of neural
circuits, influencing factors such as synaptic strength, neuronal excitability, and the
release of other neurotransmitters.