Activity 3

1. The trademark BULL TERRIER is available (DEAD)

Source: United States Patent and Trademark Office
https://tmsearch.uspto.gov/bin/showfield?f=doc&state=4801:uuw75o.7.30

2. The trademark is Protos is not available (LIVE)

Source: United States Patent and Trademark Office
https://tmsearch.uspto.gov/bin/showfield?f=doc&state=4801:uuw75o.8.1

3. The trademark Cobra is not available

Source: European Union Intellectual Property Office
https://www.tmdn.org/tmview/#/tmview/detail/EM500000003754595

4. The trademark ALPHA CENTAURI is available

Source: IP Australia
https://search.ipaustralia.gov.au/trademarks/search/result?s=23a97721-af1b-44bf-
b7f6-9ee5783987cc#_437661

Activity 4
1. Source: Compagnie Française d'Assurance pour le Commerce Extérieur (COFACE)

Russia: Country Risk D (Extremely uncertain economic and financial outlook. Extremely
unstable political context. Extremely difficult institutional and business climate. The
average probability of company default is extremely high): Macroeconomic stability is
expected to deteriorate due to sanctions stemming from the invasion of Ukraine. As a
result, about half of Russia's foreign exchange reserves are frozen. In addition, oil
revenues are expected to fall due to declining prices and export volumes. This is
especially due to the high dependence on hydrocarbon prices and exports, as well as
the economic embargo, as Russia has no trade agreements beyond the neighbouring
region. Therefore, lower oil and gas export revenues are expected to lead to a
depreciation of the currency, resulting in inflationary pressures. This will affect Russia's
financial capacity, after increased defence spending has led to higher expenditures.

Going further, the Russian state suffers from institutional and governance weaknesses,
which severely damage its reputation. As a result, Russians are increasingly transferring
their savings abroad, doubling Russian residents' deposits in foreign banks.

Norway: Country Risk: A1 (Very good macroeconomic and financial outlook. Stable
political context. Good quality business climate. This environment positively influences
company payment behaviour. The average probability of default is very low): Since the
start of the war in Ukraine, Norwegian gas and oil exports (60% of all goods’ exports in
2021) have been critical to European energy security. This situation will continue in
2023, as a member of the European Economic Area, Norway has a preferential access
to the EU market. As a consequence, the total budget surplus will remain the highest in
decades. The public debt burden will therefore continue to decline sharply in 2023 and
remain moderate, as Norway possess the largest sovereign wealth fund in the world
(around 365% of mainland GDP in 2021; the fund owns almost 1.5% of all shares in the
world).

Argentina: Country Risk: D (Extremely uncertain economic and financial outlook.

Extremely unstable political context. Extremely difficult institutional and business
climate. The average probability of company default is extremely high): Argentina is
highly dependent on agricultural commodity prices and weather conditions. As a
consequence, Argentina’s economy is expected to enter recession in 2023, as its
exports (18% of GDP) are also expected to contract amid cooling global activity and dry
weather conditions that will curb the 2022-2023 crop yields. As a resume, the durably
historically elevated agriculture commodity prices should not offset the potential lower
exported volume.
The current account should remain in deficit during 2023, as the trade balance surplus
(3.8% of GDP in 2021) is expected to narrow, hampered by a curb in exports, as the
country faces its worst drought in 60 years, which is impacting agricultural export
volumes.

Furthermore, Argentina suffers weak fiscal accounts and is dependent on IMF

financing, what makes it have to meet IMF terms, what seems at least tough for the
consolidation agreement entered for 2023. Following that point, the government will
need to improve the effectiveness and the targeting of social assistance and subsidies,
while also maintaining critical infrastructure projects in a sticky and skyrocketing
inflation environment despite price regulation. Because of that, the central bank has
since March 2022 gradually tightened the rules for accessing the official exchange rate
market for import payments.

United Kingdom: Country Risk: A4 (Economic and financial outlook could be marked by
some weaknesses. Political context could suffer from tension. Business climate may
present significant deficiencies. The average probability of company default is
reasonable): The economic consequences of the war in Ukraine affected the UK in
2022 and will continue to do so in 2023. With gas being an important part of the
country's energy mix, high energy prices have been particularly prominent, causing
much of the rise in inflation in 2022.
Inflation is projected to decline gradually over the year in 2023 as global factors
weaken; however, due to domestic pressures, inflation will remain subdued.
Exports, which remained 5% below pre-pandemic levels, will continue to be affected by
the consequences of the EU exit (border controls), especially as its main partners - the
EU (about 40% of exports) and the US (14%) - will also experience a difficult year in
2023, but the contribution of net exports is likely to be positive, as imports will decline
due to weaker domestic demand.

Public debt will continue to rise as funding costs remain high due to political turmoil,
inflation and Bank of England policies. With falling demand and high operating and
financing costs, insolvencies are expected to rise further. Still, the current account
deficit is expected to narrow slightly compared to 2022, although this was an
extraordinary year, as high energy costs had a substantial effect on the increase in
imports. Although capital investments by companies are expected to decline in 2023,
(due to economic uncertainty and a difficult investment environment), being at the
 centre of the international financial system, the country comfortably finances its
current account deficit through foreign portfolio investments.

Russia: https://www.coface.com/Economic-Studies-and-Country-Risks/Russian-
Federation
Norway: https://www.coface.com/Economic-Studies-and-Country-Risks/Norway
Argentina: https://www.coface.com/Economic-Studies-and-Country-Risks/Argentina
United Kingdom:
https://www.coface.com/Economic-Studies-and-Country-Risks/United-Kingdom
Source (COFACE) for the risk definitions:
https://www.coface.com/content/download/215186/3659840/file/COFACE_GUIDE_20
23_UK_MEL_Optimise.pdf

2. Brazil: 2023: 15-19: 16.255.110: 7,4% of population: Male 7,7%: Female 7,2%
Brazil: 2028: 15-19: 14.386.734: 6,4% of population: Male 6,6%: Female 6,2%
Japan: 2023: 15-19: 5.615.009: 4,5% of population: Male 4,8: Female 4,3%
Japan: 2028: 15-19: 5.577.811: 4,6% of population: Male 4,9: Female 4,3%

Analysing population pyramids, we can see that Japan is a regressive pyramid, in which
the base of the pyramid is smaller than the next steps. The bases are usually thin and
the upper parts, or what we call the peaks, are usually thick, as they have a small
young population and a large adult and ageing population. The pyramid takes on this
shape in populations whose birth rate has fallen in recent years and is low. With a very
high life expectancy, the upper part of the distribution, where the oldest population is
concentrated, has a high population density. This phenomenon generates an ageing
population. This pyramid is characteristic of the richest and most developed countries.

Brazil, on the other hand, is a progressive pyramid, with a very wide base and a very
narrow top. It is typical of populations where both birth and death rates are high and
the population is growing rapidly. The population tends to have many children, so that
a large percentage of the population tends to be concentrated in the lower part of the
distribution. At the same time, due to lower life expectancy, the lower the age range,
the lower the population density.
This type characterises underdeveloped and developing economies.

If we look at the 15-19 age group, we can see how it will decrease in the Brazilian case,
from 7.4% of the population in 2023 (16,255,110 people) to 6.4% of the population in
2028 (14,386,734 people).
On the other hand, in the Japanese case, the age group will decrease in quantitative
terms from 5,615,009 persons in 2023 to 5,577,811 persons in 2028. However, this
group will represent a larger share of the total population, from 4.5% in 2023 to 4.6%
in 2028. It should be noted that the male subgroup of the population aged 15-19 will
grow by 0.1% in this time range described above.

As a final conclusion, we can say that the greatest commercial interest is presented by
the Japanese case, as the population group between 15 and 19 years of age grows as a
percentage of the total in the proposed time period, specifically in the male subgroup.
 Source: U.S. Census Bureau
https://www.census.gov/data-tools/demo/idb/#/pop?menu=popViz&region_mgr=!
A:Z:BR:JP&COUNTRY_YEAR=2023&COUNTRY_YR_ANIM=2023&CCODE_SINGLE=JP&CC
ODE=BR,JP&popPages=PYRAMID&ageGroup=5Y&POP_YEARS=2023,2028&ANIM_PAR
AMS=2023,2028,5
https://www.census.gov/data-tools/demo/idb/#/pop?menu=popViz&region_mgr=!
A:Z:BR:JP&COUNTRY_YEAR=2023&COUNTRY_YR_ANIM=2023&CCODE_SINGLE=JP&CC
ODE=BR,JP&popPages=BYAGE&ageGroup=5Y&POP_YEARS=2023,2028&ANIM_PARAM
S=2023,2028,5
Commentary source: Economipedia
https://economipedia.com/definiciones/tipos-de-piramide-de-poblacion.html

3. 3,214%
Source: International Monetary Fund
https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?
c=158,&s=PCPIPCH,&sy=2023&ey=2023&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&
sort=country&ds=.&br=1

4. Source: Trademap
https://www.trademap.org/Product_SelCountry_TS.aspx?nvpm=1%7c392%7c%7c%7c
%7cTOTAL%7c%7c%7c6%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c1
By order:
a. Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude: Other
https://www.trademap.org/Product_SelCountry_TS.aspx?nvpm=1%7c392%7c
%7c%7c%7c270900%7c%7c
%7c8%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c1
b. Liquefied natural gas
https://www.trademap.org/Product_SelCountry_TS.aspx?nvpm=1%7c392%7c
%7c%7c%7c271111%7c%7c
%7c8%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c1
c. Bituminous coal, whether or not pulverised but not agglomerated: Other:
Other
https://www.trademap.org/Product_SelCountry_TS.aspx?nvpm=1%7c392%7c
%7c%7c%7c270112%7c%7c
%7c8%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c1