ACCRA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE

MEDICAL LABORATORY DEPARTMENT
 PRESENTATION ON FULL BLOOD COUNT (FBC)
BY GROUP EIGHT

NAMES INDEX NUMBER

AGLIMAH ISRAEL KOMLA 01210281B
ZULEIHATU ALHASSAN 01210867B
AYITEY SUZZY ADZO PERRY 01210453B
ACQUAH JOYNA AMANIAMPONG 01222062B
DOROTHY OPPONG 01221509B
MAXWELL AMPONSAH 01210210B
NII YEBOAH EDMUND 01221597B
NARHNGUAH ELVIS NARTEH 01223013B
FRANK GODSON TETTEH 01221513B
 OUTLINES

i. Introduction/Definition

ii. Purpose of FBC test

iii. Types of FBC analyzer machine

iv. The principles of FBC analyzer

v. FBC parameters classification

vi. Some conditions associated with blood cells

 INTRODUCTION

• Full blood count (FBC) or complete blood count (CBC) is a

hematological test used to evaluate the blood cells of a patient

• Full blood count is performed on a whole blood which consist of

55% of plasma, 41% of Red blood Cell (RBCs) and 4% of White Blood
Cells (WBCs) and platelets

• Blood is tested for quantity and quality of different cell types

• Purple top test tube – Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (K2EDTA) is

used for the collection

• Venous blood is preferred for FBC test and there is no preparation

necessary for test which can be done at any time of the day
PURPOSE OF FBC TEST

A full blood count (FBC) test looks for abnormalities in your blood, such
as unusually high or low numbers of blood cells. This common blood
test can help to diagnose a wide range of illnesses, infections and
diseases.

TYPES OF FBC ANALYZER

1. Fully automated FBC analyzer

2. Manual

3. Semi-automated
 THE PRINCIPLES FBC ANALYZER
Two principles are used namely

• Impedance (coulter’s principle)

• Flow cytometry

+
A. IMPEDANCE (COULTER’S PRINCIPLE)

Whole blood is passed through the analyzer

−
between two electrodes through an aperture so
narrow that only one cell can pass through at a
time. The impedance changes as a cell passes
through. The change in impedance is proportional
to cell volume, resulting in a cell count and
measure of volume
B. FLOW CYTOMETRY

Using hydrodynamic focusing, the cell

is sent through an aperture one cell
at a time. During this, a laser is
directed at them, and the scattered
light is measured at multiple angles.
The absorbance is also recorded. The
cell can be identified based on the
intensity of the scattered light and the
level of absorbance.
Types of full automated 3 – PART FBC ANALYZER

This analyzer works on only the principles of

FBC machine
impendence or coulter’s principle and is able to
1. 3 – part and differentiate between 3 types of WBC’s, neutrophils,
lymphocyte and monocytes. In 3 – part differential
2. 5 – part FBC analyzer cell counter basophils and eosinophils cannot be
differentiated and are grouped with population of
either neutrophils or monocytes.

5 - PART FBC ANALYZER

This analyzer works on both impendence and flow

cytometry principles and can differentiate all the
WBC types (neutrophils, lymphocyte, basophils,
eosinophils and monocytes.
FBC PARAMETERS CLASSIFICATION

FBC test can be classified into the following parameters:

a. Red Blood Cell (RBCs) – Erythrocytes Parameters

b. White Blood Cell (WBCs) – Leukocytes Parameters

c. Platelets (PLT)– Thrombocytes Parameters

A. RED BLOOD CELL (RBCS) – ERYTHROCYTES PARAMETERS

RBCs Count - Total Red Blood Cells. Normal range for men 4.0 to 5.9 x 1012 /L
and 3.8 to 5.2 x 1012 /L in female

Hb - (Hemoglobin) amount of hemoglobin in the RBC. Normal range

for men: 13.8 to 17.8g/dl and 12.1 to 15g/dL in female

PCV/Hct - (Packed Cell Volume)/ Hematocrit; Percentage
concentration of RBCs in the blood. Reference range
for male is 42.0 – 52% and 37.0 – 47.0% in female

MCV - (Mean Cell Volume); size of RBC and is expressed in

femtoliter (fl). Normal range: 79-96 Fl

MCH - (Mean Cell Hemoglobin); how much hemoglobin in

each RBCs and is measured in picograms per cells
(pg/cell). Normal range 27-31pg/cell

MCHC - (Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration); average

concentration of hemoglobin in the given packed red
blood cells and is measure in g/dL. Normal range: 33
– 37g/dL
RDW - (Red Cell Distribution width); differences in volume and
size of the red blood cells. And is measured in femtoliters
(FL). Normal range: 39 – 46 FL

NRBC - (Nucleated Red Blood Count); total red blood with

nucleus and is measured in n RBCs/mm3.
Normal range 0 – 10 n RBCs/100WBCs mm3

RET/Retic Count (Reticulocytes Count); total number of immature

red blood cell. Normal range: 0.5 to 2.5% for adults and 2
to 6% in infants
B. WHITE BLOOD CELLS PARAMETERS

WBCs - (White Blood Count); total number of white blood cells. Normal range 4.0 – 10.0
x 103ul

Lym - (Lymphocytes count); total number of lymphocytes in the blood and

primary source of viral defense and antibodies. Normal range 20-45%

Neu - (Neutrophils count); total number of neutrophils in the blood and

is the primary source of bacterial infection. Normal range 45 – 75%

Eos - (Eosinophils count); total number of eosinophils in the body and

helps in response to allergic and parasitic infection. Normal range: 2 – 6%

Mon - (Monocytes count); total number of monocytes in the blood and indicates
phagocytizes dead or damaged cells. Normal range 2 – 8%
Bas - (Basophils count) total number of basidia in the blood and plays a role
in parasitic infections, pathogens and allergies protection against the
body. Normal range 0 – 1%

IG - (Immature Granulocytes); this confirms the total number of white blood

cell that are immature. Normal range 1.5 – 8.5 x 109/L

C. PLATELETS (PLT) – THROMBOCYTES PARAMETERS

PLT Count - (Platelets count); measures total number of platelets in your

blood. Normal range: 150 to 400 x 109/L

MPV - (Mean platelet volume); measure the average size of your

platelets. Normal range 7.2 to 11.7FL.

PDW - (Platelet distribution width); tells how similar the platelets are in
size or measures variability in size of platelets. Normal range:
8.3 to 56.6%
PCT - (Plateletcrit count); volume occupied by platelets in the
blood. Normal range 0.22 – 0.24%

P – LCC- (Platelet Large Cell Count); in index representing the

percentage of platelets large than 12 FL in the
circulating pool

P – LCR- (Platelet Large Cell Ratio); expresses the

percentage of large platelets that have a volume superior
to 12FL
𝑃𝐿𝐶𝐶
P-LCR=
𝑃𝐿𝑇
 BLOOD CELLS INCREASE DECREASE
Neutrophils Bacteria infection Chemotherapy
Lymphocytes Syphilis HIV
RBC Blood cancers Aneamia
Platelet Inflammatory conditions Leukaemia
Basophils Hyperthyroidism Autoimmune disease
Eosinophils Asthma Cushing disease
Monocytes Rheumatoid arthritis Aplastic anemia

Reference:

Monica Cheesbrough, Medical Laboratory Manual for Tropical countries

Volume II, 2nd Edition, 1987