uation uses an ele : the servo vals stage vale, "1 “''® Mi Silt power io cbt te ead for (1) fb) _ Discuss briety Spring feel and in ‘comparison with each other. J and ‘Q' feel in air Craft fight control systems in (G’eel is more directly related 1 the aerodynamics and precise ight condon that apply at the time of the control demand. A'Q' feel unit receives air data information ftom the aircraft pitot-static system, and itis used to modulate the control mechanism within the‘ feel unit and operate a hydraulic load jack which is connected into the fight control run. [1] _{c) What is LVDT? What is its function in aircraf fight control systems. Linear Variable Differential Transformer. Hydraulic actuator position measurement. [1] _(4) What ae the heat sources that give rise to cooling problem of aera? — Kinetic Heating Snlar Heatinalege gcc mn the Q! much Connected nt the ight canes run. Its function in aicraf fight conto 5 ystems, 'easurement. 1 a) What is LVDT? What Linear Variable Differential Transformer. Hydraulic actuator Position m (11 (4) Whatare the heat sources that — Kinetic Heating ~ Solar Heating — Avionic Heat Loads I ~ Airframe System Heat Loads Se tise to cooing problem of ara? [1] _(e) _ State four methods by which avionics equipment can be cooled using Conditioning air. Cooling by convected air blown over the outside walls of the equipment boxes, (External air wash.) 2. Air blown through the boxes and over the printed circuit boards, (Directly force aic) 3 Air blown through a cold wall heat exchanger inside the box. (Indirect forced air.) hs Fans installed in the box to draw a supply of cooling air from the box surroundings. oims -0% to draw a supply of cooling ai I) _( What are the two heat sinks used for ai borne aircraft cooling? Ram air and fuel [1] _() What are the disadvantages of ram air cooling? ~ It increases the aircraft drag because the resistance of e the scoop, pipework and the heat exchanger matrix slows down the ram airflow. - The ram air temperature increases with airspeed and soon exceeds the temperature required for cabin and equipment conditioning’ - Ram air is also a source of heating itself kinetic heating) - At high altitude the density becomes very low, reducing the ram air mass flow and hence its cooling capacity. : - When conditioning is required for systems which require cooling on the ground, ram air cooling alone is unsuitable. i tem (SAS)? the function of a stability augmentation syst a wale block diagram of a pitch rate damper system. ms - ¥= = eer uy raster Heating itself (kinetic heating) - igh altitude the densi becomes very | rs cols caret ity TY low, reducing the ram air Mass flow and hence - When Conditioning is required for Systems which require Cooling on the ground, ram air Cooling alone is unsuitable. [2] _(h) Whatis the function of a stability augmentation system (SAS)? Draw a block diagram of a pitch rate damper system, To provide artificial stability for an airplane that has undesirable flying characteristics, such as providing artificial damping without interfering with the pilot's control input. raSot erg ert pew rane uarniper syste > provide artificial stability for an airplane that has undesirable { 3 providing artificial damping without interfering with the pilot's c. nae “AaBeCE sea z Ta) Joon Tht tha [Etter & er g9m eee Byerson University Dasari ct Anson koaneny TM 2. Anavionics equi : 'PMent is designed to o erate arbi mee ta ne rors 2 envionment wih a maximum [2] _{b) Up to what aircran cruising Mach number th normally in an unconditioned equipment bay? [1] _() Ifthe decreas Tulsing at 40000 fet atin, vi he maximum Mach umber in (b) increase or decrease? Note: °K = °C +273.19 (a) @ avionics equipment can work J T, . = Ty,(1+0.18M?) = (40 + 273.19) * (1+ 0.18* 0.85*0.85)i L. TTT) 77 yer answer win proper estimates) [2] —l) Up to what aircraft Cruising Mach number the avionics equipment can normally in an unconditioned equipment bay? [1] _(c) If the aircraft is Cruising at 40000 feet altitude, will the maximum Mach nt in (b) increase or decrease? Note: °K = °C + 273.19 (a) T,. = Ty (1+0.18M’) = (40+273.19) * (1+ 0.18* 0.85% 0.85) = 353.9K =80.7C Wiy+273.19)1+0.18MN)=70*273.19 M=0.73 are IByarson University Component | Fallure ‘Subsystem | Rate ARINGEDS_[OSxI0" Data Bus RE TOxto POU Toxo" ] including ot vavesHydraulic System Flight Control (Left) ‘A620 Data Buses Lor ' I I i | I I 1 Actuator | fe sola vene 34] [sr | Control aman | Electronics | [— ) [Left tnboard 1 (ACE) le— Actor Feedtock —| | POU 2avoc | | | ' Power ! ‘Actuator Loop Control a 1 [ion 1 | Sce ! Example shown Is tor ' ‘the Loft inboard I Power Control Unit ! (PCU) and is part ot Digital Analogue ‘World! T—* ‘World’ ine LAGE Figure 10.18 Actuator control electronics interfaceAaBoCa AaBbce Ache t Hl ox i't ib] 0g x8Losseb AG bes] andes Yoserat 25s AbzR,