Me uit Festina el enon Jaan ni ferviny inten hewrees bene yee cot Seuravywnreweciwovcnmr marca mr Ino ine rocranios vay, Sag Damacoranectesasoanes, Safes Magn) ‘id ty otln content brash tenan aero mes Fern go wear wc in Different types of molecular diffusion “Thor are several ype of macular dftucion and they canbe Aided Ino cteront runs by afro tas. Bose en ase Moke Monn 366, a so + Based on ancucofomponars Bary and mutconoaret sms + Based on ee Dison wou constant ear vane we + Based on os Equnobr ae non-emotrason 5 Saeed on reasons Chama macon or reaion| “Two most common and Speststuaton ae covered in fis mode sendy state equimolar contrast 1 Sandy state ition of tough stagnant ‘The integrated equations for steady state diffusion Diffusion coefficients Dy, “Te sli of ety Da open upon pecs, enpeatre an caposton Expres aus valves an be foe tom ierture ‘Thor ar as sve equations to estimate sites wen spec ‘avis are general higher for gases tan or eu, Vale ranges ‘minut cones 08% 70x TOS 5 Day tiga 0-10 me 1 asap fee: 010m ‘owe mitre ea, mut aie ofA and B re Dae = Pa ‘nate cases tis pean ember at asa vals ae ret. ‘Steady state molecular diffusion through a constant area scl ues On fA ough gran een Ae ne ct oh ewe oy ewe roa = 2 lati Anrsivec dB oe En BRou- no 1 erga or = as loon 6 a = BBE ed Flere [pi esr wen = us [lament psoas of SUE aae Mysore Pseudo steady-state conditions: Example: Diffusion of A through stagnant B + Oxygon (0,5 asing tough carbon monoxide at °C (stead sao codons, carbon monoxide onan), The total pressures 100 Pa. ‘The pati pressure oxygen avo planes 200 rm apat respectively 13) a ard 6 KPa. Ta ass 87 10? ms. Caeuata he, “es BRE PRET TT OTT Notations “Bimbo! Eaton St cont Anais wen =F Tao [ian ra crn 8 adn (ery a en | ni we to (XL ngn ecto oP + Lets continue withthe provieus example. How many kiograms of xygen Gittusesin one hourin that suation, the ctusing ara is 10 m7 Ni, was calolatod i the previous she, V,= 0.0287 moti). hye“ = 1492-120 8 Ag = 2T- Absoite tp, K Absolute pes tn Mu My molar weighs of. ginol Va Vp cimolecle volumes of gor AB define by sam of molecular volumes ofall lens nce of benzene, eophaloe or tutacen ex the wolectler voices be mins sete ‘oanance (benzene "15; Napalm 30; aaracen 47,5) ‘Dag is proportional to 1/P and T*75 tsi in ens P-beoute pressure in atm 1M, molecular weight T)temperature ink \,___ = sum ofthe ditusion volume for component Das is proportional to 1/P and T375 Normal butanol (A) i fusing through air (B) at atm abs. Using the Fuller etal. method, estimate the ‘ifusivity Dag the folowing temperatures with the ‘experimental data: (a) For0°C. (0) For 259°C. (6) For0 °C and 2.0 atm abs. “lei itn ome we neti aay met of fa tie ad ge Tia rae reg mina 7 a 7a ae HO 7 N 9 on a + Fenner tang rng eon ar ant -7, Bese = Eeremes + Sosmang ino (6.248 TAGIR)™ + BIPP ani For part (b), T= 273 + 25.9 = 298.9, Substituting Into Eq, (6.2-48), Dug= 9.05 x 10° mls. This ‘values deviates by *4% from the experimental ‘value of 8.70 x 10° mis For part (c), the total pressure P = 2.0 atm, Using the value predicted in pat (a) and ‘correcting for pressure, Dag =7.73x 101.020) = 3865x102 misFor smaller molecules (A) difusing in a cise iquid solution of solvent (8) 8.928 x 10°°T (1in, + tn) (A+ VA) Dea tsi in ems 1. the valence of cation fis the valence of anion 1, and are the limiting ionic conductances in very lute ‘solutions ‘Tis 298.2 when using the above at 25°C ‘Day is proportional to T EXAMPLES Ditty ofan Becta For very large spherical molecules (A) of 1000 molecular ‘weight or greater difusing ina quid solvent (8) of smal molecules 9.96 x 10° T Das. applicable HMA"? {or biological solutes such Dag esi in mls temperature in k a proteins b= viscosity of solution in gi s = solute molar volume at its normal boing point in Pika For smaller molecules (A) difusing in dite liquid soltion of solvent (3): 1.473 x 10°? ( Mg)! T Das. Hs Va"® applicable Daas in eels for Biological Mg - molecular weight of solvent eae Temperature in b= viscosity of solvent Bin kgf s Vj = solute moar volume atts normal boing point in m/kmol © - association parameter of the solvent, whic 26 for water, 4.9 for methanol, 1.5 fr ethanol, and soon [Das is proportional o T/is and T ‘a ein eck ne i a ae Table 87 Lining lone Conductance in Water at 28°C, in (eat Vemi-egsilem) on we © 38 rt 783 sa r 78 as Noy ns na cos as ‘aa hieo: se a ‘ancos was sos ‘crt ws sos ‘exct.coy as as ‘eancnico; ass ‘cicH)cor 26 2 co: ms os ne; 402 gents m or ma (sot % Greene 101 rene m1. Diffusion of liquid in porous solids. Fare tin hee he th com wi wt, ‘Sarg rwp neonate dle ws ers hw ae Speen) tar ald ony. Dao os carat ‘acti Fas duct ng Ey (39 a iano aww ey Pe rs ae he ints 2 Font a fom ea) exu-> a me Ey Diffusion through a slab ‘Applying equation (23) for steady-state diusion through a soli ‘ab, wo get, ngs Di Cur-Cus) —0 ae here Nand Dear taken as constants Lt Relating the concentration and permeability ‘The permeaby of solute gas (A) in a sls usualy expressed by th notion Py. nm? sole at STP (0°C and 1 ‘tm)dising per second perm cross-secbonal area tough @ Sold thick under a pressure dference of 1 atm, Unit used in generals he folowing rn solute at STP. 1 mithick sold ‘cross-sectional area. am pressure diference Drive (34) and compare twit heat conduction equivalent. Relationship between concentation and permesbiy Fa=Oe8| here Dy is in sand Si in mam 2. Difusion of gases in porous solids. 1 esi aed wi ten 3 some sia tone Iie pore ae very le a ison as oy Fn ion, then or, ta-a) TB =8) Api te ale of he ossty mast be dered extinct. Dini ‘Suet we ace hough he vos prs alt hohe ee sh "condo of tty ve he vol facto of varus cote port ei el phere nd n 0901S ete lowng| {ponte ales ft et wa sft = 02, ¢=20;0 = 04, = 17 erage 18 Example Asner soi of sca 20 matics porous with vod fraction 9030 nd trtouty + of 80. The pores ae ied with water at 298 K- At one ihe concentration of KC's hi 010g moti, a sh ate lows tpi bythe ther face. Nepecting ty thet sans ta ‘Soporte ino af KEN sendy sate Ny = 701 10° kg mol KCYs- Relating the concentration and solubility ‘The solublty ofa solute gas ina sol is usually expressed by the notation 8. Unit used in general isthe flowing: 1 solute at STP 'meold alm partial pressure of solute Relationship between concentration and solubility: y= SPA ol solute im? solid Ea ‘where is in lm “sTPetoCand tam PRAMPLE 652. Digi Pah Pacing Fin se ‘Ayethylene la 000013 m (0.3 ra) hicks Being considered for we in packaging a pharacetial product at 30°C I the paral presue fO, ‘ute O21 atm and ise the package its O01 atm, clelte the Siteion Max oO, at steady state Ue permeabty data om Table 65-1 ‘Assume thatthe fesitances to dillon ouside the mn and side ate relgbe compared tothe resstaee ef the fs Sobaion: From Table 65:1 Py = 4.1100") m solugSTPMG mn? ‘tng Subuitting into 65, Pleas Pad wade 2 = 2480 « 10°! kp mols-m? Not that fm made of nylon has auch smaller ale of permeability Py {for0, and would make amore sulable brie, ee 01)