LIVER FUNCTION TESTS

1. Test for Protein

• Total Protein
• Albumin Electrophoresis to identify them.
• Globulin.
• α- feto-protein for hepatic carcinoma.
• Carcino-embryonic antigen for metastasis in liver/GI
• Coagulation factors II, V, VII and X
1mg/dl
 Dye intake and Excretion

Indocyanine Green……….Retention rate is measured

 LFT based on Serum Enzymes.
• Aspartate amino Transferase(AST)…previously called SGOT. LIVER
• Alanine amino Transferase(ALT)……previously called SGPT disorder
• Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)….for extrahepatic disease.
• 5’ Nucleotidase (5NT)…for infant liver disease.
• Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT)….for alcohol and drug abuse.
• MAO( mono-amine oxidase)…for liver blockage.
• β- proline hydroxylase….for fibrosis.
• Bile acids…..for obstructions and viral infections.
 BILIRUBIN
Excretory end-product of HEME degradation.
Serum level….. 0.2- 0.8 mg/dl
Direct…..0.1- 0.4 mg/dl
Indirect…..0.2- 0.7 mg/dl
Above 1.0 is abnormal, and 7.0mg/dl causes
kernicterus.
 Van Der Bergh Reaction.
Common test to check bilirubin level in serum.

Diazotized Sulphanilic acid + sodium nitrite ……..react

with bilirubin to give purple coloured azo-bilirubin.

DB gives colour in instantly called Direct + indicates…..

Obstructive jaundice

IB gives colour on addition of alcohol called Indirect +

……indicates Hemolytic Jaundice.

If both DB/IB gives colour in 30 sec on alcohol

addition…called BIPHASIC TEST + …..indicates Hepatic
Jaundice.
KFT KIDNEY

FUNCTION
KFT
TEST
KFT
• ….for pus and crystals.
• …..for metabolic dysfunction.
• …..for azotemia.
• …….for muscle contraction and bone
deformities
• …for carb,fat,protein utilization defects.
• ……for nephrotic diseases.
• ……for GFR defects.
• ..for rate of GFR defects.
…..for imbalances of Na, K, Cl.
GASTRIC FUNCTION TEST
 Fractional test meal

• 1. Fasting stomach contents are aspirated

• 2. Gastric secretion stimulated by Pentagastrin

• Timed samples are collected and analyzed for

acidity.
 Augmented Histamine test

• Histamine injected to stimulate acid secretion.

• If there is Acid secretion in response ….indicates Peptic

Ulcer.

Cimetidine used to cure Peptic ulcers.

PANCREATIC FUNCTION
Assesment of Pancreatic functions

Serum Amylase (Alfa 1,4 glucosidase)

for……….. Peptic ulcer, Intestinal Obstruction and
Salivary tumour.