Work, Tower and Erergy What ia weg @(O™ ™™ Ef) > Work done on an object 's- defimsd am the product of the magrilude the force acting on the body and the dsplacerment in the dlireaion the pre. W- Fs > Tf a force ating on a body Cama no dtplacement, the work olone is 0- Example , pushing a wall. The unit Work ts Wewton metre (Nm) ov doule (J). +> 1 Joule is defined an the amount © work done by force AN when displacement fs. 1m, > Sign Conventions fe Work, Done - when both the force and the —dlisplacement axe tn the same direction, positive work is done. W-F xs Displacement — —_ Force We t+ve > when fore acts in a divection opposite to the direction of displacement , the work done is vegative . We -F xs Angle between force and — displacement is 180:Disp lacement <—_— (we -vwe) > Force 2 fore and displacent ack at an angle 8 40" then work dons is 0. “Displacement L_ force > Tf force and — displacement ave inclined at an angle less than 180° , then work done fs given ap > We Fs cosO(this te not very important from — your claus ppective, but suey, you should row. ths}) Nesey Conditions fe Work, t be done ¥ Two Condition need 0 x. Satitfted — for work 40 be done + «Fore Should acl on the —objeut> * Objuk must be displaced. » $o mow whether you work, hand © a the day, go to School , qo to rmaskel, lo everyiting thal 1 wejuined and Comme bak — ome 5 Ce bhi mumneny bol aki hai ks aaj dapme kuch = kaam nahi Kiya. kyuki aapka displacement i 0. — Aapkt inittak aur final position dono gan hi nai - That means ypur Work ‘Done = 0. a“ “To isa hone pax Mummy? 5Lag % The — Capacity of a body to do work ig called the energy ofthe body: oe oe Se oe Oe , $0 we e Meaning, * ay Say energy vary & , whys Became his capacity % one work is nove! Simple & * Unit — of energy = Foutes (same as work) VKs= 1003 Poms of Enungy >The — vaviow. forms of energy anes i) Potentiag — energy T) Kinetic energy iil) Heal energy, i) Electrical — energy Y) Light — energy vil) Chemical energy etc- How to remember? - Golax - Chemical - Radtoactive Electvica - Atomic — Mechanicat zEMmow 1 >In tis chapter, we axe mostly discussing about = mechanical tnowgy.Mechanical enevgy - Kinelic enegy + Patenttoe energy Kinerc Enewery % Energy Possessed by A body due fo its motion. - Kinetic energy oo §=— an object Increases with tls speed. — Kinetic — tnergy of body moving with @ Ceriain velocity = work done on it > make ft acquive that velocity. Dartvatton 2» Work done —+ WF xs gd due to force , te vdodiby Changes bv, and the aceleration, produced ba « velattonship between v,u,a and ¢ = vt-u? - Zas Se you wT a Eo @ 2a feb ‘hi Substitute (1) and (ri) in CD we get We Fxs = ma x Vou za W= 2 m (vu) th U0, (objet stants at vat) We 4 my? 2 Work clone = Change in Kinetic energy = 2 Eo = mvForenriac “ENenet * The energy possessel by & body due to its pusition or Shape is Called its potentia£ — energy. Shape (BOD) (ea Potentiag Coiled spring a ) Uncofled spring Position A (Gravitational Polentias energy) B h h at A at B > Greater enevgy due to compression is >Los a due to (as comprasion Spring and due to Greater height af Jin spring and due to les height the object. of the object. Graviranonae Perennm Enenay ( G ) 4 When an Objeot ts valsed through a eight, work ig said to be done on ft against “gravity, ~The energy posesed by such an objed is called the gvavitatfonat Polentiat — energy. -GPE= work 's done in vaising a body from the ground to a point against — gravity.Derivation fis = Covel © Consider a body with mass yn, raisech through a height bh, from the Ground, Fore vequived to value the Object = weight of, object nq. “The object gains energy tothe work © done on its object against gravity is W. We force * displacement Work done on the = mgxh ne gh = mgh E _ ci) > Work done in both the cose (i) and (ii) is same oa body is Vaised vom position Ato B, even tf the path taken is different but the helght aliatned is the = Same. Work- Eengy Theovem * The work-enevgy theorem Staba that the net work done by the fers on an objet equals the Change in tts Kinetic energy. > Ware = KE piggy — KE svitiat=> Wre = 4 mlv2 ue] * That means if T kick @ moving football in a direction 0 its motion, io (wih increase ils velodty, the amount of ‘work T_have done on the = Kinetic en tvansfovxed to that bat (OR) the — change tn Kinetfe “energy (both axe ome and the same thing) Low 6 Consewatten af Enevqy OThic (Caw States that the Enenqy can neithea be Create vor be destroyed - = tt can only be — converted —fyom == one form = 49. another. > Tolat Energy in the Untvoue vemnains constant . >This means the total energy in the Univeue before 1000 year is the same 0 today, and will §= always be the same. Tf of Law 5 Conporatons joe (very important usually > kit's consider an objet §— falling — from & eight ‘h’ -We need to prove that its energy at every — instant is same- > We with Consider 3 points and Calewlate the «= enargy at those pointe. A When the object is at the top —_—etght- 6 When objet = reaches the ground. C Any yandom point at a distance ‘x from the top. ry “a Object Total energy= mechantcal enevyy = potential anergy + Kinetic enengy = eR bsono-o>(at Aj Ktnettc Energy = tn voveO at A, => ke.=0 PE. = mgh TE. = mgh +0 — @ [Total energy at A= gh (at 8) KE. = 4 mv? ——— @ 2 from equation o — ration, veut = Zas Hoe, u= 0 a=4 Seh = Vo0= 2gh > Vs 2h “Futting in @. Kg. = 4m (Zqh) z kg. = mgn PE. = ymgh aB, h:0 => Pe.- TE. = ke. + Re > TE. = mgh+ 0 > Tolat energy at B= ghlat_C/ Kinetic Energy = 4 mvt —@ According to equation —motion— vi we 2a Hee = u=0 ag S-x => vis 2gx Putting in @ Kg.= 4 vn (Zx) za Ke. = mgn PE. = mgh How at C, helght from — ground = Ch-x) > PE. = mq(n-») ie yngh— ygu TE. = Kg. + PE TE. = mega + mgh ~ wager >| Toll — energy at C= mgh @ From @,@ and © Tolad energy at A,B and C= mghPower (™ (ae tee tee ge ae oer é) Power i the vate doing work. >More the Hime required to do work, less ts the power. Las the time Yequired 10 do work , mow is the power. >In cary words - ‘Tao kot insaan ist kaa ko jal? kar Ieta. hai, So we say he fs more powerjul as compared to wo jo Kaam dheere dheeve kaxta hat. (voy important {vom Numevicals Point % View) Power = _Wovk 6 Ps We Time t Walt = Joule Second 4 Kilowatt = 1000 walts 1 kilowatt = 10007/s Commerciol Unit of Energy Commencial unit of energy = 1 ktlowatt roux ( kwh) AkWh = 1 Kilowatt x 1 hour = 1000 walt x 3600 Seconds = 3600000 Joule (watt x — second) tkwh = 36 x 10° J. TkWh = Tuvil ¥ The energy used in 1 hour at vate of AkW ts called kWh