KAMPALAI

NTERNATI
ONALUNI
VERSI
TY
SCHOOLOFLAW
COURSEUNI
T:CRI
MINALLAW
LECTURE:
NYAPI
DBRENDA
YEAR:
1 SEMI
STER:
1
[
Pickt
hedat
e]
GROUPG

NO NAME REGNO SI
GN

1 MUSSI
BAJOEL 2023-
08-
18206

2 ABAHOFRED 2023-
08-
16591

3 MUGI
SHAELI
ZABETH 2023-
08-
17576

4 JULI
ANAMANOK BI
LL 2023-
08-
18419

5 LI
YIMAJAMES 2023-
08-
18526

6 NAKI
RYAGRACE 2023-
08-
18493

7 NAKI
BUULEROSEMARY 2023-
08-
16621

8 TUHI
RIRWEJOEL 2023-
08-
17160

9 ORI
SHABALYNDEN 2023-
08-
19616

10 MATSI
KOSTUART 2023-
08-
18389

11 ATURI
NDESHI
DRAH 2023-
08-
19762
12 BUNJOCOLLI
NSBI
YINZI
KA 2023-
08-
18672

13 NAMUBI
RUMI
CHELLEMULI
NDE 2023-
08019898

14 NAKI
RYAJANI
DAH FATI
NA 2023-
08-
15352

15 RACHELYEKKA

16 KASI
RYEJOSEPHVI
CTOR 2023-
08-
19418

17 NAYEBAREJOVANTH 2023-
08-
19620

18

CRI
MINALLI
ABI
LITYORRESPONSI
BILI
TYRESPONSI
BILI
T

Acri
meisanunlawf
ulactpuni
shablebyt
hest
ate.Ther
efor
ecr
imi
nal
li
abi
l
ityi
sthel
egal
r
esponsi
bil
i
tyf
oronesactsomissi
on.

Howev er
,theGeneralRuleforcri
minalli
abi
li
tystat
esthatonei snotcriminal
lyr
esponsi
blefor
anactoromi ssi
onunlessitisprovedthatonedidtheactvoluntari
l
yandwi t
hasoundmi nd.
Thisisbyvir
tueofArticl
e28( 3)thatApersonchargedwithacr iminaloff
enceshal
lbe
presumedinnocentuntil
provedguilt
yoruntilt
hatpersonpleadsgui l
ty.

UnderSecti
on19ofthePCAspeaksoft hepri
nci
pleof
fenders(par
ti
esthatcanbechargedin
caseacrimeiscommi t
ted.Thesei
ncl
udetheper
sonwhoact uall
ydoestheact,onewhoaids
anothert
odotheact
, andonewhodoesanactwi thi
ntent
ionofaidi
nganother.

ELEMENTSOFCRI
MINALLI
ABI
LITY,

I
tismadeupoft
woconcept
si.
e.TheAct
usr
eaandTheMensr
ea.

Actusreaistheguilt
yactdonef orexampl
eundersect
ion1880fthePCAwhi chtal
ksabout
murder,theactusreaistheactofkil
li
ngsomeone.Whereas,Mensreai
stheguil
tymi nd.Here
welookatt heint
entionsorwil
li
ngnessofapersontocommi tacr
ime(act
ionsbefore,dur
ing,
andaftertheomissionoftheoffencedefi
neonesMensr ea)
.Andthi
siswhatcourtsusewhen
decidi
ngcr i
minaloff
ences.

TYPESOFLI
ABI
LITY,

[Ty
pet heabst
ractoft
hedocumenthere.Theabstr
acti
sty
pical
l
yashor tsummaryofthe
contentsoft
hedocument.Typet
heabstractoft
hedocumenthere.Theabstr
acti
sty
pical
lya
shortsummaryofthecontent
softhedocument.
]
Ther
ear
emai
nlyt
wot
ypesofl
i
abi
l
ityandt
hesear
est
ri
ctl
i
abi
l
ityandv
icar
iousl
i
abi
l
ity
,

STRICTLIABILI
TY,
theGeneral
Ruleforstr
ictli
abi
li
tystat
esthat
;themoreserioust
hecri
mi naloff
encecreatedby
thestat
ue,t
helessli
kelythecourti
stoviewitasanoffenceofst
ri
ctl
iabili
ty.I
.e.of
fences
descri
bedwithi
ntent
ionall
y,wi
ll
ingness,
mali
ciousl
yetcarebeyondst
rictli
abil
it
y.

Thesear eof f
encescommi t
tedwi t houtint entt odohar m oroutofmensr ea.Her e, thereisno
proofoff aul tr
equired.St ri
ctliabil
ityi sanexcept i
onoft hegener al crimi nal lawr ul esi nceher e;
onecanbecr i
minallyr esponsi bleofanactev enthoughi twasdonewi thnoi nt
ent ,pur pose,
knowl edgeoranyot herment alelement .
Offencesunderst r
ictliabilit
yar echar gedbasi ngont hestatut
oryl awsf orexampl est atuesthat
regulatesal eofgoods, drinks,trafficamongot hers.Forexampl esect ion35oft heRoadSaf ety
andTr afficActst atest hatAper sonshal lnotdr i
veanycl assofmot orv ehicle,trailer ,or
engineer ingpl antonar oadunl essshei sinpossessi onofav al
iddr i
v i
ngl i
cense.
ThePenal CodeAct ,sect i
on129; ;st atesthatanyper sonwhounl awf ullyhassexual act swith
anotherper sonbelowt heageof18y r
scommi tsaf elony.
TheFi rear msAct ,urgest hatnoper sonshal lpurchasehi sownf irearmsunl essi npossessi onof
av ali
df irear m cert
ificate.
Casest hatcl earlymani festst r
ictliabi l
it
yinclude; ;
ThecaseofsweetVPERSLEY( 1970)wher esweetwasasubt enantandi nchar geofaf ar
m
housewhi chhadot hert enant s.Itwasdi scov eredthatthesepr emi seshadt urnedoutt obea
toxicpl acewher epeopl ewhogat herandsmokedr ugs(cannabisr esi n).Ther efor e,sweetwas
conv i
ct edandchar gedundersect i
on3oft heDanger ousDrugAct ,forbei ngi nchar geoft hese
premi sesbuthepl eadedi nnocentsubmi tt
ingt hather et
urnsatt hef ar mhouseoncei nawhi le
onlytocol lectrentandl ettersandsohadnoknowl edgeaboutt hesmoki ngofdr ugst hatwas
goingon. Ther eforecour thel dthatt hi
swasast ri
ctli
abi li
tyof f ensesi ncesweetdi d
nothav et hemensr eaoranyi ntentiont ot heomi ssion.

Anot
hercasei npointi
sthecaseofRvWhi t
e(1910)
;wherewhiteput
poisoninhermother
’seveningdrink,
thevicti
m dr
unkaf ewsi
psanddied.Whitewas
convict
edandaccusedofmur derwhichshedidnotconsentt
opleadi
ngthatshedidnot
i
ntendtokill
themotherwithonedosebutr at
hermult
ipl
edosesoveralongperiodof
ti
me.

Courtheldt
hatthi
swasast r
ictl
iabil
i
tycasesincet
herewasnomensr eaandproofto
proveherint
enti
onsbeforetheoffense.Inadditi
on,
eventhemedicalf
ormsfrom t
he
hospital
wherethevict
im di
edf r
om report
edthatshehaddiedofaheartatt
acknot
poison.Ther
efor
ewhi t
ewasnotf oundguil
tyofmurderbutr
atherat
temptedmurder.

ThecaseofRvPr ince(
1875)wher
epri
ncet ookandmarrieda14yr
ol
dgirl
9(Ann)wi
thoutherpar
ents’
consent.Hewasconv
ictedandaccusedof
def
il
ementbuthepleadedi
nnocentsubmit
tingt
hatt
hegir
lhadliedtohi
mt hatshewas
 18y
rsol
d

Courthel
dthatt
hisof
fencewasofstri
ctl
i
abi
l
itysi
ncetherewasnomensr
ea.Howev
er
pri
ncesbeli
efwasnodefensether
efor
ehewasstil
lconvi
cted

Thepr
inci
pleofst
ri
ctli
abil
i
tyst
atesthatt
hepersonort
heaccusedmaybecr
imi
nal
l
y
1
l
i
abl
eal
thoughhisconductwasnotint
enti
onal
reckl
essornegl
i
gent.

VI
CARI
OUSLI
ABI
LITY

Thisiswhereonei
sli
abl
efort
heoff
ensecommi t
tedbyanot
her
,itmai
nlydeal
swi
th
delegati
oni
.e.empl
oyert
oemploy
eeorparentt
ochil
d

Thegener
alrul
ef orv
icari
ousli
abi
li
tystatesthatoneisli
abl
eonlyforone’
sownactand
notact
softheother.Offensesbeyondvicari
ousliabi
l
ityar
eref
erredtoasempl
oyee’
s
fl
ori
cofhisowni.e.murder,r
apedefi
lement

PRI
NCI
PLESOFVI
CARI
OUSLI
ABI
LITY

 Ther
emustbear
elat
ionshi
pofacer
tai
nty
pe

 Thewr
ongf
ulactmustber
elat
edt
other
elat
ionshi
p

 Thewr
ongshoul
dbedonei
ncour
seoft
heempl
oyment

Acasei npointi
sthecaseofMuwongeVAt t
orneyGeneral
1967;wherethe
governmentwassuedi nnegl
i
gencet
hroughtheatt
orneygener
albecausethe
stat
epolicemanfir
edshotsduri
ngar
iotandkil
ledMuwonge’sfat
herwhowas
l
yinginhishouse.

TescosupermarketvNatr
ass1971;;wherethecompanywas
convi
ctedforsel
lingpoorl
ymarkedgoodsundert het
radedescri
pti
onsact
1968.t
hecompanywashel dl
iabl
ef ort
heactsoftheoffi
cer
s,di
smissedthe
appealandaffi
rmedt heconv
icti
onbasingondelegat
ion.

Mal
evNtul
ume2020;;
wherethepl
ainti
ffs’v
ehi
clewas
dest
roy
edbyaf
ir
eatt
hedef
endant
sparki
ngyar
d.Thev ehiclewaspar
kedby

1
MaryWhi t
ehousevlemon( 1975)
CarmonltdvA.G(1981)
Accor
dingtoBlacksDict
ionary;
;Li
abil
i
tyt
hatasuper
visor
ypar
tybear
sfort
heact
ionabl
econductofa
subor
dinatebasedontheirr
elati
onshi
p.
t
hedr
iver

Thedefendantwashel
dli
abl
eforactoft
heasker’
sfai
lur
etoi
nspectt
he
premi
sesandensurewasnodangerli
kel
ytohappen.

TheDel
egat
ionPr
inci
ple;
;

Wher eastatueimposesadutyonapar t
icul
arperson,andthatper
son
delegatest
heper f
ormanceofthestat
utorydutytoanother
,hemaybeheld
l
iableforbreachesofi
tcommittedbythedelegateeventhoughmensreai
s
requir
ed.ForexamplethecaseofvaneVYi annapoul
ous

NB;
;Aser
vant
sacti
sthemast
ersacti
nlaw

PARTI
ESTOACRI
ME;

 Ther
ear
emai
nly3cat
egor
iesofpar
ti
est
oacr
ime;

 Pri
nci
pal
off
ender
s;;
thi
sist
heper
sonorpeopl
ethatcar
ryoutt
heact
us
rea

 Accessor
ies;thesehel
pthepr
inci
pal
off
endert
ocar
ryoutt
hecr
ime
wit
houttheirownactusrea

 I
nnocentagent
s;;t
hesearei
nnocentpeopl
eut
il
izedbyt
hepr
inci
pal
of
fender
stocarryoutthecr
ime

Besidesthepersonwhocommi t
st heactusrea,
thereareal
sootherpeopl
ewho
ar
el i
ableoftheoffencecommitted.Thisisbyvi
rtueofsect
ion19ofthePCA
whichspeaksaboutt hepri
nci
pal off
enders.

Anditi
sst
atedt
hatonewhoadmi
nist
erst
heactofanof
fencei
shel
dmost
l
iabl
e

Rel
atet
othecaseofRVCoganl
eak1975.
 Peopl
einv
olv
edi
ncounsel
i
ngabet
ti
ngandai
dingar
eal
ll
iabl
eofanactdone.

Undert
hecaseofRVCal
heam198.

I
nWill
iam GText
bookofCr
iminal
Law;
;anot
hert
ypeofcr
imi
nal
li
abi
l
itycal
l
ed
Pr
eli
minaryl
i
abil
i
tyi
stal
kedabout

Anddefinedastheactofcommi
tt
inganof
fencewi
tht
hepur
poseof
ef
fect
inganotheroffence.

Iti
smadeupofmai nl
y3f ormsofoffencesi
.e.i
ncit
ement(i
nfl
uenci
ngsomeone
tocommitacri
me),conspir
acy(agr
eeingwit
hsomeoneonconductt hatwil
l
amountt
ocrime)andattempts(actdonewit
hi nt
enttocommitacri
me) .

Thesear
ebyv
irt
ueofsect
ion21,
390and392,
386and387oft
hePCA.

2
CASES
See:Racer elati
onsboar dVAppl i
n[1973]caseoninsi
ghtmat
e.
Secti
on21oft hepenal codepunishmentofaninsight
See:I
nvict
aPl ast
icsLtdVCl are[1976]caseonmensr ea
See:Edwards/ oMi chaelVR[ 1948]caseonattempt
RESEARCHSOURCES
htt
ps:/
/www. lawteacher.net
st
udocu.com
l
awexpl or
es.com
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