01 Interim Report Barrage

Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Construction of 2 New Barrages June, 2021
across Krishna River viz.,1) at 12kms downstream of Prakasam Barrage Revision R0

2) at 62 kms downstream of Prakasam Barrage.
CONTENTS
S no Chapter Page No
1. Chapter-1 (Introducion)…………………………………………………….... 01-04
2. Chapter-2 (Survey & Invesigaions) …………………………..……..…. 05-71
3. Chapter-3 (Hydrology)……………………………………………………….…. 72-87
4. Chapter-4 (Hydraulic Design of Barrage)…...……………………….… 88-118
Interim Report
Chapter 1
Introduction
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Survey & Investigations
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Chapter 3
Hydrology
Preparaion of Detailed Project Report for Construcion of 2 New Barrages June, 2021
across Krishna River viz.,1) at 12kms downstream of Prakasam Barrage 2) at Revision: R0
62 kms downstream of Prakasam Barrage.
CHAPTER 3
HYDROLOGY
Hydrology report is prepared for the assessment of water availability and design flood
for the design of the barrage. Sedimentation studies are not warranted as the
storage will be controlled totally by gates. The following aspects of hydrology are
studied with the data collected from CWC.
 Yield studies and water availibility

 Design flood for barrage
 Design flood for diversion scheme during construction
 Analysis of flood water levels.
 Tail Water Rating
3.1 Hydrological Survey:

Hydrological survey is necessary for proper layout and design of the barrage and its
appurtenant works. Hydrological survey of the proposed barrage is based on the
following data/observations:
 Observed gauge and discharge data of river Krishna at CWC G&D site
Vijayawada
 Historical flood marks/levels at Prakasam barrage
 River water surface slope
 Manning’s `n`
 Silt factor
 Rainfall Data
 Catchment Area
3.2 Profile of the river at Barrage site
The profile of the river Krishna is relatively narrow and straight at the proposed
barrage site at 16.110km Down stream of Prakasam barrage, Vijayawada. The cross
section of Krishna at the barrage site is given below.
Interim Report 72
3.3 Catchment Area description

3.3.1 Basin Location:
The Krishna basin extends over an area of 2,58,948 Sq km out of which 26.8% is in
Maharashtra, 43.7% is in Karnataka and 29.5% falls in Andhra Pradesh. The basin
lies between east longitudes 730 21' to 810 09' and north latitudes 130 07' to 190 25'
in the Deccan plateau. The Krishna rises in the Western Ghats at an altitude of
1337m just north of Mahabaleshwar, about 64 km from the Arabian Sea and flows
from west to east through the States of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana and
Andhra Pradesh to join the Bay of Bengal. The total length of the river from the
sources to its outfall in the sea is about 1,400 km of which 612 km are in Andhra
Pradesh, 306 km in Maharashtra and 483 km in Karnataka. Together with its
tributaries, the river drains about 708 km of the Western Ghats, which is its chief
source of supply. The Ghataprabha, the Malaprabha, the Bhima, the Tungabhadra,
Muneru and Musi are the principal tributaries. The Krishna Basin's predominant land
use is agriculture.
The Krishna basin is bounded in the north by the ridge separating it from the
Godavari basin in the south and in east by the Eastern Ghats and in the west by the
Western Ghats. The basin is roughly triangular in shape with its base along the
Interim Report 73
Western Ghats, the apex at Vijayawada and the Krishna itself forming the median. All
the major tributaries draining the base of the triangle fall into the river in the upper
two-thirds of its length.
The interior of the basin is a plateau, the greater part of which is at an elevation from
300 to 600 m. Its general slope is eastwards. Great undulating plains, divided from
each other by flat-topped ranges of hills are the main characteristics of this plateau.
To the south of the Krishna, the Eastern Ghats comprises parallel ranges, which are
the successive outcrops of an ancient series of stratified rocks. The delta of the
Krishna formed by deposits at the mouth of the river over the ages consists of a wide
belt of river-borne alluvium. The process of silt deposition at the mouth of the river is
still continuing and the delta is gradually extending into the sea.
3.3.2 River channel description
About 137 km from the source, Krishna river receives the Koyna, a main tributary
from the western side of the Mahabaleshwar hills. Lower down, the river Yerla falls
into the Krishna from the left and then the Varna, the PanchKrishnaand the
DudhKrishnafrom the right. Just near its confluence with DudhKrishnaand about 306
km from its source, the Krishna enters Karnataka State. At this point, the bed level of
the river at an altitude of about 533 m and the river has emerged from the heavy
rainfall zone of the Western Ghats. After flowing for 201 km in Karnataka territory,
the Krishna receives water of the Ghataprabha from its right, and 35 km lower down,
those of the Malaprabha. Both these tributaries have their sources in the Western
Ghats.
A short distance downstream of its confluence with the Malaprabha, the Krishna
drops about 122 m from the tableland of the Deccan plateau to the alluvial lands of
Raichur. The Krishna receives its two major tributaries, the Bhima and the
Tungabhadra, the former on its left at 789 km from its source and 129 km further
downstream near Kurnool from its right. Both the Bhima and the Tungabhadra drain
large area of the Western Ghats and both are major rivers in its own right.
From a short distance below its confluence with the Tungabhadra, the Krishna runs in
a deep gorge through a series of hills, for nearly 290 km before emerging into the
coastal belt a pulichintala, at an elevation of about 37 m above sea level. Beyond this
Interim Report 74
point, the river flows for about 80 km before it spreads into the delta. Vijayawada is
at the head of the delta. The Dindi and the Musi join the Krishna from its left between
Kurnool and Pulichintala and two more tributaries namely Palleru and Muneru also
from the left, fall into the river between Pulichintala and Vijayawada.
3.3.3 Rainfall and climate
The South West Monsoon sets in by middle of June and withdraws by the middle of
September. About 81% of annual rainfall is received during the Monsoon months, of
which more than 70% occurs during July, August and September.
The mean annual rainfall along the coastal plains from the coast to eastern ghat
varies from 1000 to 1200mm whereas the mean annual rainfall in the eastern ghats
ranges varies from 1400 to 1600mm. The mean annual rainfall in catchment area is
between 800mm to 1000mm.
The mean annual temperature in northern portions of east coast belt varies between
25oc to 27.5oc whereas the temperature in the south portion is above 27.5 oc. The
temperature starts rising from January to April or may and then start falling upto end
of December. The mean annual temperature at catchment area is above 27.5 oc.
3.3.4 Soils
The drainage area mainly consists of red sandy soils & deltaic alluvial type of soil.
Areas under main catchment area are having deltaic alluvial type of soil. There are
small pockets of deep black soil with very small pockets of mixed red and black soil
and red loamy soil. The portion along northeastern side of the catchment consists of
coastal alluvial soil. In addition there are small pockets of laterite soil, skeletal soil
and medium black soil.
3.3.5 Catchment area
The catchment area of Krishna upto Prakasam barrage / CWC G&D site at Vijayawada
is 2,51,360sqkm. CWC gauging site is located about 2km down stream of Prakasam
barrage. The catchment area upto the proposed barrage site is about 2,51,417 Sq
Km. No major stream joins Krishna between Prakasam barrage and the proposed
barrage-1 site.
(Source for ch.3.3 (Catchment area description):
Interim Report 75
 Integrated Hydrological Data Book (Non classified sites)…........ CWC
 Flood Estimation report for Eastern Coast Region sub zone-4(a, b & c)….CWC)
3.3.6 Projects near the barrage-1 site.
Prakasam barrage is located at about 16.110 km on the upstream side. On the down
stream side, no project is existing. A new barrage at about 23 Km U/s of Prakasam
barrage near Vykunthapuram is under contemplation. Another barrage (Barrage-2) is
under proposal at about 62.0 km down stream of the Prakasam Barrage.
3.4 Flood History
In October 2009, heavy floods occurred, isolating 350 villages and leaving millions
homeless. The flood resulted in heavy damage to Kurnool, Mahabubnagar, Guntur,
Krishna and Nalgonda Districts. The entire city of Kurnool was immersed in
approximately 10ft (3m) water for nearly 3 days.
However, as per the CWC Flood Forecasting Appraisal Reports, the highest water
level recorded at Prakasam barrage was +21.5m in 1903 followed by the next
highest of +20.97m in 2009. This puts the 1903 flood as the highest on record.
3.5 Data availability for Hydrological studies

3.5.1 Data collection and Analysis
The most important parameter for the design of the barrage is the design flood.
There are several methods for the estimation of design flood / maximum flood
depending on the availability or non availability of observed flow data of the stream
at or near the barrage site. They are as follows
 Empirical formulae
 Historical flood marks
 Rainfall run off models
 Unit Hydrograph method
 Rational formula
 Frequency analysis of observed annual peak flows.
The relative reliability of the output by the above methods is documented in the
published literature and codes. Obviously, the most reliable method yielding correct
Interim Report 76
frequency flood is by frequency analysis of the observed annual peak flow series of
sufficient length, if available at or near the barrage location. Fortunately, observed
gauge and discharge data of Krishna river is available in the surroundings of the
barrage site, which is used for the assessment of floods for different return periods
for this project, which is described below.
3.5.2 Gauge and discharge data of CWC
Central Water Commission is maintaining a Gauge and Discharge measuring site at

Vijayawada which is about 2km away on the down stream from Prakasam barrage
and about 14km from the proposed barrage-1 site. As this CWC site is very close to
the proposed barrage site, the observed flow data available at this site is used to
determine the floods for different return periods for the proposed barrage.
The following types of observed flow data is available at this site.

 Hourly water levels (during monsoon)
 Daily discharge and the corresponding water level
The daily water levels & discharge data and annual peak water levels of Krishna river
at the CWC gauging site, Vijayawada for the period 1965 to 2018(54 years) have
been collected from the Office of the Chief Engineer, CWC, Hyderabad. The daily
discharge data and relevant statistics is presented in the Annexure 3.1.
3.5.3 Stream parameters
The stream parameters like CA, lengths etc. have been obtained from Survey of India
topo-sheets of the project area. The stream bed slopes have been obtained from the
average bed levels of the cross sections in the vicinity of the barrage site. For the
Krishna river near the barrage site, the water slope, Energy gradient has been
obtained from the actual cross sections during the simulations by HEC-RAS.
3.6 Yield studies and water availability

Long-term runoff data is required to determine dependable inflows at the proposed
barrage site. The major flows at the gauging site are observed during monsoon
season. Low flows are observed in the non-monsoon seasons which are essentially
Interim Report 77
due to base flow from the catchment. The annual and 10-daily water availability are
assessed as follows,
 The observed daily discharge data at CWC gauging site at Prakasam barrage is
used to construct annual yield series for 54 years, i.e. 1965—2018. The series
is then arranged in the descending order and ranks are assigned starting from
rank 1 to the highest value upto rank 54 for the lowest value in the annual
series.
 The exceedance probability of each value was calculated using the following
equation (Weibull’s plotting position method),
P= ( Nm+1 )∗100
Rank of yield data arranged in descending order
Where m =
with first rank assigned to the highest value
N= No. of years of record
 The annual yield series and 50%, 75%, 90% and 98% dependable annual
water available at the barrage-1 site are calculated and are given in below
tables.
Table 3.1 Annual yield series and water availability at Proposed Barrage -1
Water Year Annual yield Annual yield in Rank Dependability %

(MCM) Descending
order (MCM)
1965-66 35367.2 70161.9 1 1.8
1966-67 27920.6 52067.2 2 3.6
1967-68 31253.1 43961.4 3 5.5
1968-69 23286.9 41982.2 4 7.3
1969-70 41982.2 39273.9 5 9.1
1970-71 43961.4 39131.5 6 10.9
1971-72 27236.9 36033.7 7 12.7
1972-73 5401.6 35835.3 8 14.5
1973-74 33032.5 35367.2 9 16.4
1974-75 28261.5 33692.1 10 18.2
1975-76 70161.9 33509.3 11 20.0
1976-77 30010.8 33032.5 12 21.8
Interim Report 78
1977-78 19379.4 32669.2 13 23.6

1978-79 52067.2 31253.1 14 25.5
1979-80 25988.3 30938.9 15 27.3
1980-81 30938.9 30010.8 16 29.1
1981-82 35835.3 29043.9 17 30.9
1982-83 14324.2 28261.5 18 32.7
1983-84 39273.9 27920.6 19 34.5
1984-85 10249.6 27236.9 20 36.4
1985-86 5465.6 26740.9 21 38.2
1986-87 4985.5 26261.9 22 40.0
1987-88 4311.0 25988.3 23 41.8
1988-89 33509.3 23286.9 24 43.6
1989-90 21296.7 21296.7 25 45.5
1990-91 29043.9 19494.9 26 47.3
1991-92 32669.2 19379.4 27 49.1
1992-93 9614.5 19092.4 28 50.9
1993-94 19494.9 16682.9 29 52.7
1994-95 39131.5 14510.1 30 54.5
1995-96 6331.7 14324.2 31 56.4
1996-97 19092.4 13824.5 32 58.2
1997-98 16682.9 11262.2 33 60.0
1998-99 33692.1 10359.8 34 61.8
1999-2000 10359.8 10249.6 35 63.6
2000-01 7190.7 9757.3 36 65.5
2001-02 3202.9 9614.5 37 67.3
2002-03 374.3 7305.9 38 69.1
2003-04 332.7 7190.7 39 70.9
2004-05 658.3 6331.7 40 72.7
2005-06 36033.7 5465.6 41 74.5
2006-07 26740.9 5401.6 42 76.4
2007-08 26261.9 4985.5 43 78.2
2008-09 9757.3 4311.0 44 80.0
2009-10 14510.1 3202.9 45 81.8
2010-11 13824.5 2373.0 46 83.6
2011-12 7305.9 1714.7 47 85.5
2012-13 1714.7 1439.4 48 87.3
2013-14 11262.2 1016.2 49 89.1
Interim Report 79
2014-15 2373.0 658.3 50 90.9

2015-16 237.0 374.3 51 92.7
2016-17 1439.4 332.7 52 94.5
2017-18 11.6 237.0 53 96.4
2018-19 1016.2 11.6 54 98.2
• Similarly, using the daily discharge data for the same period(1965-2018), 10-
daily yield series is constructed. Using the same procedure as explained above
for annual yield studies, the 10-daily water availability is assessed for 50%,
75%, 90% and 98% dependability. The 10-daily water availibility thus
computed can be used for planning the utilization at the proposed barrage-1.
The 10-daily series and water availibility are shown in Table no.1
3.7 Hydrologic studies for design flood
3.7.1 Design flood for safety of structure
Criteria: The design flood can be defined as the maximum peak rate of runoff that
occurs over a catchment due to a rainfall storm of given intensity and of various
durations. A structure is to be designed to withstand this flood. As per IS:11223
1985, Inflow design flood for the safety of the dam is the flood for which, when used
with standard specifications of other factors, the performance of the dam should be
safe against over topping, structural failure and the spillway and its energy
dissipation arrangements, if provided for a lower flood, should function reasonably
well.
Interim Report 80
The salient features of the proposed barrage-1 are given below.
Sl.no Description Level Gross Hydraulic

(m) storage head(m)
(Mm3)
1 Average bed +7.200
111.450 6.10
2 Crest +9.050
3 FRL +13.300
As per IS 6966(Part1):1989, it was given that a 50yr frequency flood may be

adopted for the design of items other than free board of the barrage. However, from
the safety and economy considerations, a 100 year frequency flood may be adequate
for the safety of the proposed barrage-1.
The 100 year frequency flood is calculated by the flood frequency approach explained
subsequently.
3.7.2 Analysis of Gauge and discharge data of CWC
The Gauge & Discharge data supplied by CWC is processed data. It contains daily
observed discharge data and the corresponding water level. The annual peak
discharge values have been picked up from the set of such daily observed values
during each year.
It is likely that the peak observed discharge value may not correspond to the peak
water level during the year as the discharge observations are generally made starting
at 8AM on each day and last for a couple of hours; where as, the peak water level
could occur at a time outside the discharge observation period. This is evident from
the comparison of peak water level during the year and the water level corresponding
to the peak observed discharge during that year.
Thus, there arises a need to assess the actual peak discharge series corresponding to
the peak water level series, which are likely to be higher than the observed peak
discharge series. This is achieved by developing a stage discharge curve for the
gauging site. Using this rating curve, the discharge corresponding to the peak
observed water level is assessed and a annual peak discharge series is prepared
which is presented in Annexure 3.2
Interim Report 81
3.7.3 Application of Gumbel’s EV-1 Distribution
The annual peak discharge series has been used to assess the 100 year frequency
flood and other return period floods for the proposed barrage-1 on Krishna river. The
return period floods have been calculated by frequency analysis of the annual peak
flood series using Gumbel`s EV-1 distribution as per the procedure given in IS:5477
(Part 1V).
The 100yr frequency flood at the barrage site has been assumed to be equal to the
100yr frequency flood at the CWC gauging site at Vijayawada considering its
proximity and the fact that no major stream joins in-between. The expected small
flood contribution from the free catchment between the CWC gauging site and the
proposed barrage site is likely to be offset by attenuation of the peak.
The general equation of hydrologic frequency analysis is given by
x T =x + K σ x
Where xT is the return period flood, x is the mean, K is the frequency factor and σ x is
the standard deviation. The above equation is applicable for infinite sample size. As
the practical observations of all hydrologic data have finite length of record, the
above equation is modified to account for finite sample size N as given below
x T =x + K σ ( n − 1)
Where σn-1= standard deviation of the sample of size N =
yT − yn
√ ∑ ( x − x )2
N −1
K = Frequency factor, K= Sn
yT = reduced variate, a function of Return Period(T in years) and is given by

yT = -(ln. ln (T/T-1))
yn = reduced mean, a function of sample size N
Sn = reduced standard deviation, a function of sample size N
The above equations have been adopted in the present study to find out flood values
of different return periods from the annual peak series generated and detailed
Interim Report 82
calculations are presented as Annexure-3.2. The results of the analysis are tabulated
below.
Table 3.2 Results of Flood Frequency

analysis by
Gumbel’s Extreme Value-1 Distribution
Return period in Flood in Cumec
years
10 21072
25 26732
50 30931
100 35099
500 44730
1000 48871
3.7.4 Peak Flood Records in the surroundings

i) Flood Discharge (cumecs)
 The designed maximum flood discharge for Prakasam barrage is
33,700cumecs(11,90,000 cusecs).
 The maximum historical discharge reported at Prakasam barrage(Old Anicut)
in 1903 was 33,700cumecs(11,90,000 cusecs).
 The maximum discharge recorded at Prakasam barrage during the 2009 floods
was 31,431 cumecs(11,10,000 cusecs).
 The Peak discharge assessed at the CWC gauging site at Vijayawada is 27,660
cumecs in 2009.
 The design flood value for Vykunthapuram barrage is 34000cumecs.
ii) Historical Maximum Water Levels

The maximum water levels recorded at the nearby stations are given below.
a) At Prakasam barrage :
 In the year 1903 +21.50m(11,90,000 cusecs)
 In the year 2009 +20.97m(11,10,000 cusecs)
b) At the CWC gauging site at Vijayawada:
 In the year 2009 +19.332m
Interim Report 83
3.7.5 Design Flood adopted at Proposed Barrage-1

Accordingly, based on the above calculations and observations the design flood of
100 year return period of 35099 cumecs is adopted for the design of the proposed
barrage-1.
3.7.6 Check flood

While the barrage is designed to pass 100 year flood safely, the free board is
designed for a higher flood. Following the best engineering practices and as per IS
6966(Part1):1989, a 500 year return flood is considered as check flood for this
barrage to design free board. Accordingly the check flood for this barrage is
considered as 44,730cumec (500yr flood).
3.8 Tail Water levels
The Tailwater Levels(TWLs) at the barrage corresponding to the design flood (100yr
flood) and other flows have been calculated by HEC-RAS 1-D modeling analysis. It is
a Computer program that models the hydraulics of water flow through natural rivers
and other channels. The basic computational procedure of HEC-RAS for steady flow is
based on the solution of the one-dimensional energy equation. Energy losses are
evaluated by friction and contraction / expansion. The momentum equation may be
used in situations where the water surface profile is rapidly varied. These situations
include hydraulic jumps, hydraulics of barrages, and evaluating profiles at river
confluences.
For the present study, a total length of 37.110kms along Krishna river from CWC
Gauging site at Vijayawada upto 23 Kms D/s of the proposed barrage-1 site is
modelled. The data / parameters used are described below.
Cross section: The actual cross sections of the Krishna river at the proposed
barrage location has been surveyed and used for the TWL calculation. Cross sections
Interim Report 84
at every 1Km are given as input to the model. The surveyed cross sections used for
modelling are enclosed as Annexure 3.3.
Boundary conditions: After the model is setup, for the the calculation of water
surface profiles of sub-critical flow a downstream boundary condition is required to
be provided. In the present study, normal depth is chosen as the downstream
boundary condition for which slope has to be given at the downstream. Slope should
be such that uniform flow occurs far away from the area of interest and channel bed
slope is same as the water surface slope. The slope is arrived based on sensitivity
analysis of the model with varying slope values.
Sensitivity analysis
Sensitivity analysis of HEC-RAS model setup was carried out with slope values of 1 in
11000, 1 in 10000, 1 in 9000, 1 in 8000 and 1 in 7000 for different discharge values.
It was found that the water surface profiles generated converge towards 1 in 9000
slope. Thus, a slope of 1 in 9000 is adopted as input for calculating normal depth as
downstream boundary condition. The figure below shows the plot of Water levels for
100 year flood of 35099 Cumecs at CWC gauging site for different downstream slope.
Sensitivity Analysis for Q=35099cumec

CWC gauging site @ Ch. 30210 near Vijayawada
Interim Report 85
Manning’s ‘n’ value: Model was calibrated for Manning’s n value with the historical
observed data at CWC gauging site near Vijayawada. Based on the calibation results,
the Manning’s `n` value is considered as varying from 0.028 for the main channel to
0.08 for banks at different segments of the flow cross section at higher stages as per
the nature of the bed material and shape of the flow section.
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
WL (m)
16 CWC
15 HEC RAS
14
13
12
11
10
18,500
30,500
40,500
42,500
44,500
2,500
4,500
6,500
8,500
10,500
12,500
14,500
16,500
20,500
22,500
24,500
26,500
28,500
32,500
34,500
36,500
38,500
500
Discharge (cumec)
Comparison of CWC observed data and WLs generated by HEC-RAS
Tail Water Levels: Using the actual survey data of the river, the TWLs
corresponding to different magnitudes of discharges ranging from 100cumec to
60,000cumec are assessed using HEC-RAS model. From the output of HEC-RAS a
TWL rating curve has been developed at barrage-1.
The TWL ratings are given below.
Table 3.3 Tail Water Raing at

Barrage-1
Q(cumec) WL (m)
100 7.02
500 8.18
1000 8.83
2000 9.75
3000 10.41
4000 10.94
Interim Report 86
5000 11.4
5577 11.63
8366 12.6
9000 12.8
10000 13.08
10581 13.25
15000 14.34
20000 15.34
25000 16.17
25082 16.18
27660 16.57
28302 16.66
30000 16.9
35000 17.58
35099 17.59
40000 18.23
44730 18.81
45000 18.84
50000 19.43
55000 19.99
56634 20.18
60000 20.54
Interim Report 87
Chapter 4
Hydraulic Design of Barrage
CHAPTER 4
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF BARRAGE
4.1 Introduction
The project envisages to construct 2 no of Barrage across Krishna River D/S of

Prakasam Barrage to fulfill the drinking needs of en-routed villages along the Krishna
River. Accordingly, Barrage-1 is proposed near Chodavaram village, Krishna District
which is about 16.110 Km downstream of existing Prakasam barrage with the
following coordinates.
Longitude Latitude
Left Bank 80040’18.11”E 16° 24' 22.84” N
Right Bank 80041’48.39”E 16° 25' 42.58” N
4.2 Area-Capacity
Reservoir storage plays a very significant role in the successful and uninterrupted
operations. Provision of adequate storage has been kept fulfilling the required
utilizations. Topographical survey was carried out to produce a contour plan at 1 m
interval for the reservoir area. These data are used for computing the areas between
adjacent contours and capacity of the reservoir at different elevations.
The Elevation Vs Area and Volume table is generated and given below.
Interim Report 88
PROPOSED BARRAGES ON D/S OF PRAKASAM BARRAGE

BARRAGE - 1 (Alt-2)
ELEVATION-AREA – CAPACITY TABLE
Elevation Area Capacity Capacity

(m) ( Mm (Mcum) (TMC)
Interim Report 89
4.3 Design Flood
A return period of 100 years is generally adopted in the design of important structures where
possible consequences of failure are very serious. Accordingly, the estimation of design flood will
be carried out for various return periods and is given below.
Flood Frequency analysis by Gumbel’s Extreme

Value-1 Distribution
Return period in years Flood in Cumec
10 21072
25 26732
50 30931
100 35099
500 44730
1000 48871
Design flood of 35099 cumecs for a return period of 100 years is considered for fixing the vent
way. The free board is provided corresponding to the 500 years flood of 44730 Cumecs.
4.4 Gauge-Discharge Curve and Retrogression
Gauge-discharge curve plays a very important part in the hydraulic design of a

diversion structure. Normally, a statistically analyzed gauge-discharge curve is
prepared based on the observed values made available. If no such data is easily
available, the same may be worked out by Manning’s formula. This curve is the un-
retrogressed G-D curve to be used for waterway and freeboard calculations.
However, as a result of ponding up of river flow, relatively silt free water escaping
over the diversion structure and progressive degradation or retrogression of levels
takes place. This lowering of bed levels in the early stages after commissioning of the
structure, if not duly taken care of, in the designs, it may result in failure of the
structure, as the value of exit gradient may be increased and the energy dissipation
through hydraulic jump impaired. Retrogression is low at high flood stages i.e from
0.3m to 0.5m and high at low stages of flow between 1.25m to 2.25m.
A retrogressed values to be used in the designs for energy dissipation, protection
works, etc., may be obtained from the normal rating curve, by subtracting the
retrogression for various flood discharges, which can be taken to vary in a logarithmic
fashion between the design flood and low flood stages.
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Tail Water Levels: Tail water levels corresponding to different magnitudes of

discharges ranging from 100cumec to 60,000cumec are assessed using HEC-RAS
model. From the output of HEC-RAS a TWL rating curve has been developed at
barrage-1 and is given below. TWL corresponding to 100 years of 35099 cumecs &
500 years of 44730 Cumecs is 17.590m & 18.810m respectively.
4.5 Salient Features of Barrage
Design Flood (100 yrs) : 35099.20 Cumecs (12,39,528 Cusecs)

FRL : +13.30m
MWL : +17.890m
TBL : +20.610m
Avg. bed level : +7.200m
Crest of barrage bays : +9.050m
Crest of under sluice bays : +7.200 m
Max. Tail water level : +17.590m
Afflux : 0.30m
Size & No. of barrage bays : 12 x 4.250m & 78 No’s
Size & No. of under sluice bays : 12 x 6.10m & 8 No’s
Type of Gates : Vertical
Barrage bays cistern lvl. : +5.700m
Cistern Length : 30.0m
Under sluice bays cistern lvl. : +5.400
Cistern Length : 34.950m
Left Tie Bund : Ch. 0.00 to Ch. 390.0m (390m)
Navigation Lock : Ch.390.00 to Ch. 410.00m (20m)
Middle Tie bund : Ch. 410.00 to Ch. 800.00m (390m)
Barrage : Ch. 800.00 to Ch. 2044.50m (1244.50m)
Right Tie Bund : Ch.2044.50m to Ch. 3275.00m (1230.5m)
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LAYOUT PLAN OF BARRAGE - 1
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4.6 Design Criteria
Design of diversion structure comprises of two parts, namely hydraulic and structural
design. In hydraulic design overall dimensions and profile of the main structure and a
few of the components are calculated to get the satisfactory hydraulic performance of
the structure. Structural design is carried to get the different sectional and
reinforcement details. Fixed dimensions and layout obtained from hydraulic design is
tested by model studies and the recommendations of model study are incorporated in
structural design.
The Barrage and its appurtenant structures are designed on the basis of standard
design criteria established for other barrages and allied structures, already
constructed on the other River and its tributaries. The design criteria, including
formulae, coefficients and constants used in all hydraulic designs in the present study
are based on prevailing BIS and other relevant codes. Barrage is basically a diversion
structure built across a river for the main purpose of diversion of the required
quantum of river flows for purposes of irrigation, hydroelectric power generation,
domestic water supply, industrial water supply, etc.
In hydraulic design the diversion structure has to be properly designed for both the
surface and sub-surface flow condition. The design for surface flows will include the
fixing of waterway, top profile of various components, energy dissipation
arrangements, protection works, scour values, length and protection of divide walls,
alignment, and levels and protection of guide bunds, afflux bund, etc. The design for
sub surface flows will include fixing of the depth and section of cut-off, uplift pressure
calculation, exit gradient etc.
Barrages normally have a raised sill with a series of gates supported by piers over it.
Barrage structures can be conveniently founded on permeable foundations without
the need for a rocky foundation, by providing an impervious solid floor. In such case
the energy dissipation is by means of hydraulic jumps with the provision of a cistern
floor suitably depressed below the crest, on the downstream. The raised crest is
connected to the horizontal floors on the upstream and downstream sides by means
of slopping glacis. The structure is protected against scours during high flood by
means of cutoffs at the ends of the floor extending to sufficient depths below the
floor in the alluvium strata, as well as stone protections at the bed level both on the
upstream and downstream sides.
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In case rocky foundation is available at the bed level of the river or at very shallow
depths below the bed, the barrage can be founded on the same. In such cases, the
requirement of a downstream impervious floor can be suspended with, the energy
dissipation being achieved by throwing the discharge directly on the sound rocky
formations in the bed.
4.7 Afflux
The width of the barrage/weir is governed by the value of afflux (at the design flood)
to be permitted and the proposed crest levels. It is also important for the design of
d/s cistern, flood protection and river training works, loose protections and cutoffs.
The maximum permissible value of afflux has to be carefully evaluated depending
upon the river conditions u/s and after considering the back-water effect, the area of
submergence and its importance.
The rise in maximum flood level of the river u/s of the barrage as a result of its
construction is defined as Afflux. Afflux, though confined in the beginning to a short
length of the river above the barrage, extends gradually very far up till the final slope
of the river u/s of the barrage is established. This rise in water level travels as a
backwater curve on the u/s. Further, the afflux created would determine the top
levels of the various components of the structure like, abutments, piers, wing walls,
afflux and marginal bunds etc. The afflux would also govern the energy dissipation
arrangements and its interrelated waterway provisions. Where the river is well
defined and the natural banks on either side are sufficiently high, to contain the river
during flood flows, the afflux created by the structure of low height may not pose a
problem. In case the diversion structure is high and the river has low banks, it is then
essential to fix a limit for such ‘afflux’ and accordingly design the crest and the length
of the structure.
In case of barrages or weirs, an afflux of 1.0m is found satisfactory in the upper and
middle reaches of the river. In lower reaches with flat gradients, the afflux may have
to be limited to about 0.30m.
The amount of afflux will determine the top levels of guide banks and their lengths,
and the top levels and sections of flood protection bunds. It will govern the dynamic
action, as greater the afflux or fall of levels from u/s to d/s the greater will be the
action. It will also control the depth and location of the standing wave. By providing a
high afflux the width of the barrage can be narrowed but the cost of training works
will go up and the risk of failure by out flanking will increase. Selection and adoption
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of a realistic medium value is imperative.
4.8 Waterway
4.8.1 Lacey’s Waterway
The overall waterway between the abutments would normally be adjusted to the
actual width of the river at design flood level, in case of deep and confined rivers
with stable banks. For shallow and meandering alluvial rivers, generally the
minimum stable width (P) is obtained from Lacey’s formula,
P = 4.83 Q1/2
Where Q is the design flood discharge in cumecs, is adopted for 1 in 100 yr flood.
Ratio of waterway available between the abutments to the Lacey’s stable width is
known as the ‘looseness factor’. Generally this varies between 1.10 and 1.50,
though in a few cases, this factor may be even less than 1.00, on account of site
constraints.
While a low looseness factor, may result in higher afflux and greater intensity of
discharge, a high looseness factor may cause siltation of pond to occur with
attendant problems. Fixation of waterway of a barrage is therefore closely linked
with various parameters such as the discharge, cross section of the river at the
location of the structure, nature of bed materials, sediment content carried by the
river, crest level proposed to meet the pond requirements, permissible afflux etc.
4.8.2 Adequacy of Water Way
Adequacy of waterway is checked for passing Design flood which is found by the
following formula:
Q = C * L * H3/ 2
Where
Q = discharge in cumecs
C = co-efficient of discharge
L = clear waterway of the barrage or weir in m
H = total head causing flow in m
The co-efficient of discharge (C) depends on many factors including the head over
the sill, shape and width of the sill, its height over the upstream floor, roughness of
its surface and d/s water level. Drowning Ratio is the ratio of d/s and u/s water levels
above the crest level. For design discharge, the d/s water level can be determined
from un-retrogressed Gauge-Discharge curve. The u/s waterway level is initially
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assumed by adding afflux to the d/s water level. Then by finding out the drowning
ratio, the co-efficient of discharge is determined with help of Malikpur curve
Substituting the value of C, L and H, the value of discharge that can be passed
through the structure can be worked out. This should be greater than the design
discharge if not so process is repeated to get the near value.
From the above, it will be clear that the waterway, crest levels and afflux are all inter
linked and hence various combinations of these can be had for passing the same
design discharge. The final features to be adopted in the design should be in
consistent with economy and safety.
4.9 Cut-Offs
Cut-offs are barriers provided below the floor of the structure both at the u/s and d/s
ends. These can be in the form of a concrete lug, sheet pile or concrete diaphragm
wall. Their main purpose is to lengthen the seepage path below the structure and
also to prevent piping action below the floor. The cut-offs on the u/s and d/s ends
shall be continuous lines without break. Cut-offs in the transverse direction known
as cross cut-offs are provided and these are properly joined to the u / s and d/s
cut-offs so as to provide a boxing effect adding stability to the different units. The
depth of the cut-off is as per hydraulic considerations as per IS:6966-1989 (Part-I).
4.10 Exit Gradient
In the case of structures such as weirs and barrages retaining water behind them,
when founded on permeable soils, water seeps under the base of these structures,
the subsurface flow forming flow lines in the form of a network. When the flow lines
emerge out at the d/s end of the impervious floor, they do so with a certain hydraulic
gradient, generally known as ‘exit gradient’. The net hydrostatic head left in the
flow lines at the point of exit, have the energy to lift the soil particles around at the
exit. If that happens, the soil particles get slowly washed away by the percolating
water getting an exit and the surface of the soil starts boiling. With the removal of
the surface soil, there is further concentration of flow lines into the resulting
depression and the process of removal continues. This process of erosion thus,
progressively works backwards towards the u/s and results in the formation of a
channel or a pipe flow underneath the barrage floor, causing its failure ultimately.
Such piping failure can be taken care-off, by providing sufficient length of the
impervious floor, from u/s to d/s and a cut-off at the d/s end of the floor, so as to
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increase the path of percolation and limit the exit gradient to safe values.
Thus, the value of exit gradient depends on the head water at the point of
consideration, length of the floor and depth of d/s cut-off.
These are connected by the set of equations
Exit gradient (GE) = H/d x 1


b/d
Where,
H = hydrostatic head at the point
b =total length of floor
d = depth of cut off at downstream end
 However, due to various uncertainties such as,
 non homogeneity of the foundation soil
 difference in the packing and pore space
 local incursions of clay bed or very porous material
 faults and fissures in the subsoil formation
 other exigencies such as retrogression of bed levels, exposure

of upper portion of cut-off etc.
There is a need for applying a safety factor to the exit gradient and accordingly the
following are adopted.
Type of subsoil Factor of

safety
Shingle 4 to 5
Coarse sand 5 to 6
Fine sand 6 to 7
These are not applicable to clayey sub soil, which are more or less impervious. Factor
of safety of 6 has been adopted in this case because of fine sandy strata.
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For the same value of ‘H’, by varying the values of ‘b’ (the floor length, which
includes the upstream floor) and the values of d (the cut-off depth) an exit gradient
value, safe enough for the subsoil under consideration can be obtained. However
this combination has to be judiciously worked out since the value of ‘ d’ is
governed by scour considerations also.
4.11 Energy Dissipation
Energy dissipation through various devices is a very important aspect of hydraulic

designs for a water retaining structure. This is more so in the case of barrages as
they are invariably built on alluvial formations. In the simplest case of a straight
body wall, the flow over the crest directly impinges on the river bed below. If sound
rock is available below the body wall of the structure, there is no problem except
that over a period of time, a sort of plunge pool will be formed. However, in cases of
barrages founded on alluvial river beds, necessitating a concrete floor d/s of the
body wall, the concrete floor can not directly take the energy from the fall from the
barrage crest. In such cases, dissipation of energy is best carried out by inducing the
formation of a hydraulic jump by the flow on the concrete floor below, known as
cistern. Provision of a d/s glacis slope from the crest will be more favorable to
formation of a hydraulic jump. In ideal cases the jump will be formed on the glacis
slope itself. The cistern can be provided with roughening devices such as chute
blocks, baffle blocks and raised or dentated end sill etc. In order to take care-off any
unknown flow patterns, the energy dissipation arrangements in the form of friction
blocks are generally provided at the lower end of the glacis slope in addition. The
elevation and the length of cistern floor are to be worked out for various sets of
water level conditions imposed on the barrage structure and formation of hydraulic
jumps checked and the lowest of the cistern levels obtained is to be adopted.
4.12 Hydraulic Jump Computations
a) The analytical method used for computing the hydraulic jump formations and
determination of the cistern level and length would involve the following
steps.
b) For different gate openings with pond level on the upstream as well as for
high flood levels on the upstream and gates fully opened, the retrogressed
water levels on the downstream, for passing those discharges could be
estimated.
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c) By adding the head due to velocity of approach and exit, the total energy line
values, TEL both for upstream and downstream can be estimated.
d) Assume an arbitrary cistern level for the particular discharge.
e) Ef1 = Upstream TEL – Assumed cistern level
Calculate y1 from the equation,

2
Ef1 = y1 + ( q2 / 2gy1 )
Where q is the discharge per unit width and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
3
f) Compute pre-jump Froude number F = q2 / gy1
g) Compute y2 from the equation y2 = (y1 /2)* (-1 + Sqrt (8F2 + 1))
h) Required cistern level = Retrogressed water level for the particular discharge –
y2
i) If the cistern level so obtained is different from what has been assumed at (c),
repeat the steps as above, by modifying the assumed cistern level by trial &
error, till both the assumed and calculated cistern levels more or less tally with
each other.
From the values obtained at (i), calculate y1 and y2.
Required cistern length = 5 (y2 –y1)
4.13 Scouring & Protection Works
Scour depth – Due to the intensities of discharges in the bays of the waterway,
scouring can occur both on the upstream and downstream. The scour depth (R)
below HFL (in case of alluvial streams) known as Lacey’s regime scour depth
depends upon the intensity of discharge, type and size of river bed material etc., and
is given by the relationship,
R=1.35 (q2/f)1/3 for looseness factors less than 1.0, and

R=0.475 (Q/f)1/3 for looseness factors more than 1.0,
Where,
Q= total discharge in cumecs over the barrage crest
q = discharge per unit width in cumecs / m
f = silt factor which is equal to 1.76 Sqrt(m), m being the
average particle size in mm, of the bed material
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Protection to the structure from these scours are provided in the form of cutoffs both
on the u/s and d/s ends of the impervious floor, as well as flexible protection works
such as loose stone aprons etc., beyond these cutoffs – having computed the Lacey’s
scour depth ( R), the depth below the floor, upto which the cutoffs are to be
taken is determined by applying a safety factor to this scour depth R. This factor
varies from 1.25 to 1.75 in case of upstream scours and 1.50 to 2.00 in case of
downstream scours, depending upon the quantum of discharge, type of bed material
and importance of the structure. The cut-offs can be either in RCC or steel sheet
piles. If the depth is too large, steel sheet piles have been adopted.
Flexible protections – These are provided beyond the cut-offs, both on upstream
and downstream. These as the name implies are flexible enough to adjust for
depressions on account of bed scours and prevent the escape of material from the
surface by covering the scoured surface by launching themselves on the slope of the
scour holes and thus act as the first line of defense against the scours. These consist
of cement concrete blocks laid in level on the bed immediately after the impervious
floor and loose stone aprons, beyond the C.C. blocks.
C.C. blocks - On the upstream side, the length of cement concrete blocks or C.C.
blocks protection over loose stones called spalls should be equal to depth of scour
hole, D below the bed level of the river at the upstream end.
In other words,
Level of Upstream scour hole = U/S HFL – (1.25 to 1.75 R)
Scour depth ‘D’ = U/S Bed level – Level of U/S scour hole
On the downstream side, the length of cement concrete block protection should be
equal to 1.5 D where D is the depth of scour hole below river bed level at the
downstream end. This protective length of 1.5 D is made up in two parts, one of 0.75
D immediately after the downstream floor with C.C. blocks over graded inverted filter
and another 0.75 D length with C.C. blocks over loose stones. The two parts are
blocks + filter thickness. These C.C. blocks on the downstream side would be laid
with gaps in between filled with bajri for release of hydro-static pressure from below.
Loose stone protection – Beyond the cement concrete blocks, loose stone aprons
known as talus or launching apron is provided. As the name implies, these
stone aprons launch themselves settling and covering the scour holes created and
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this prevents the scour from further progressing towards the structures. The main
difference between these launching apron and the cement concrete block protection
is that, while the C.C. block protection is flexible enough and the individual blocks
adjust themselves to slight subsidence, they are not intended to launch in the same
way as the loose stone apron. The slope of the scour holes is generally assumed
between 2:1 to 3:1. According to Spring, the quantity of loose stone apron shall be
sufficient to afford a cover (approximately 1 meter) over the slope of the scour hole
formed, extending to its bottom. The table below indicates the thickness of the stone
apron to be provided as recommended by Spring, taking into account the river slope
and the type of bed material facing scour.
Thickness (mm) of loose stone apron necessary

Type of riverbed River Slope in m / Km
material
0.05 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.40
Very coarse 400 500 550 650 700
Coarse 550 650 700 800 850
Medium 700 800 850 950 1000
Fine 850 950 1000 1110 1150
Very Fine 1000 1100 1150 1250 1300
4.14 Uplift Pressure Computations
From the considerations detailed in the preceding paras, the profile of the
barrage floor could be worked out and the floor thickness – whether uniform or
varying along the profile – reasonably assumed.
The thicknesses of floor at various locations so assumed have to be verified for their
adequacy through the uplift pressure computations. Upstream and downstream
cutoffs are invariably provided for the barrages, with intermediate cutoffs in some
cases; these cutoffs increase the length of the seepage path and accordingly the
percentage of seepage pressure below the floor at different points varies. Further
while calculating the percentage of uplift pressures on the floor as per the profile,
corrections would need to be applied on account of the varying thicknesses in
different reaches, mutual interference of the cutoff etc.
Estimation of the percentage of pressure is based on Khosla’s theory of independent

variables using the curves developed by him and published by the Central Board of
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Irrigation and Power in their Publication No.12. The procedure is briefly explained
below:
i) For cutoff at the end of the floor – (the curves for D and E vs 1/ are used)
Calculate 1/α = d/b = Depth of cutoff below floor
Length of the barrage floor
ii) For downstream end, measure depth of cutoff from the Cistern level.
iii) For the upstream end, percentage of pressure D1 at the bottom of the cutoff
and C1 at the top of cutoff on the inner side = 100 minus values of D and
 read off from the curves for the upstream for the value of 1/α.
iv) For the downstream end, percentage of pressure ΦD2 at the bottom of the cutoff
and ΦE2 at the top of the cutoff on the inner side = 100 minus values of ΦD and
ΦE read off from the curves for the downstream for the values of 1/α.
v) Assuming the variation between the bottom and top of the cutoff to be linear
and since the percentage of pressure is required to be estimated at the
bottom of the floor and not at the top, as read off from the curves, correction
for floor thickness is equal to:
Thickness of floor x (Difference in percentage at the top and bottom)

Depth of cutoff
vi) The correction would be positive on the upstream side and negative on the
downstream side.
vii) The correction for mutual interference of cutoffs would be:
C = 19 * Sqrt (D/b1 x (D+d)/b )
Where,
b1 = distance between the two cutoffs
D = depth of cutoff, the influence of which is to be determined on the

neighboring cutoff of depth ‘d’. D is to be measured below
the level at which the interference is present
D = depth of cutoff on which the effect of cut off of depth D is sought to

be determined.
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b= Total floor length.
viii) The correction is positive for points in the rear side and negative for points
on the forward in the direction of flow.
ix) Slope correction as given below has to be applied and it would be positive for
down slopes and negative for up slopes, following the direction of flow.
Slope H/V Correction of % of pressure

1:1 11.2
2:1 6.5
3:1 4.5
4:1 3.3
5:1 2.8
6:1 2.5
x) The percentage pressures at the bottom of the floor between the cutoffs in
various reaches are assumed to vary linearly and accordingly the percentages
at salient points could be estimated for use in structural designs.
4.15 Impervious Floor

Impervious floor for barrages laid on permeable foundations could be of two types
namely, gravity type and R.C.C. Raft type. Gravity floor can be of plain concrete or
masonry. In gravity floor, the uplift pressure acting on the floor from below is
balanced by the self-weight of the floor only, considering unit length of floor. In the
Raft type floor, the uplift pressure is balanced by the weight of the floor, piers and
other super imposed dead loads considering the extent of the raft between the joint
as a single unit.
Thickness of gravity floor – The adequacy of the thickness of the gravity floor is to be
checked for three conditions viz:
i. Maximum static head with no flow downstream
ii. High flood
iii. Pond level flows.
For conditions at (ii) and (iii), hydraulic jump may form in the cistern portion. By
determining the percentage of seepage flow at different points and drawing the
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respective hydraulic gradients for different discharges, the floor thickness required
can be worked out as follows:
a) Find out the maximum ordinate between the subsoil hydraulic gradient line and
the water surfaces (or floor surface if there is no flow).
b) Divide the maximum ordinate by the specific gravity of the floor material
(concrete of masonry) either in dry condition or in submerged condition,
depending on the downstream water levels considered, for obtaining the
thickness required.
c) Find out the thickness required at different points and tabulate.
d) Increase the thickness by at least 10% and plot the profile of the floor.
e) Smoothen out the bottom profile by straight lines adopting uniform thickness
for different reaches for ease in construction.
The thickness required in the cistern portion can be slightly reduced if so desired, by
reducing the unbalanced head at any point with averaging out the unbalanced head
over a small strip as a sequence to the existence of certain beam action in the floor.
Since the jump is likely to travel practically over the entire glacis for varying
discharges averaging out unbalanced head as above results in considerable economy
in floor thickness. Also, there will be partial filling up at the jump portion due to
backward rolling of flow of water.
The gravity floor is generally independent of the abutments and piers and is
separated from them by means of joints with watertight seals. Alternately it could be
monolithic with them, if conditions warrant, provided the piers are not too high and
do not transmit heavy loads on to the floor. Suitable temperature reinforcement
needs to be provided even in case of plain concrete gravity floor, to prevent formation
of surface cracks.
Thickness of R.C.C. raft floor – For small spans of say 6m, center to center of piers,
the raft floor is designed as a continuous beam resting on homogeneous foundation,
the design being safe against moments caused by the worst combination of the
forces including (i) uplift, (ii) moments transferred from the abutments and piers and
(iii) seismic forces, if any considered. The loads from the abutments and piers may
be considered as uniformly distributed over their width. For spans greater than 6m,
the floor is designed as a beam resting on elastic foundation and subjected to
concentrated loads and moments at the pier and abutment points.
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4.16 Structural Design

The overall stability of the barrage structure in the direction of flow, against sliding
and overturning needs to be checked. Generally, the governing condition would be
the pond level condition with upstream water at pond level or FRL, minimum flow on
the downstream and gates if any on adjacent sides closed. One span width including
a pier or a unit width as the case is taken for consideration. The stabilizing forces
would be on account of self-weight of the structure, weight of water, weight of
gates, bridges etc. The destabilizing forces would be on account of uplift pressure,
hydrostatic forces on the structure, earthquake forces etc. Advantage can be taken
of the resistance offered by the boxed alluvium below the floor for sliding and
passive pressures mobilized by the cutoffs.
4.16.1 Piers
Piers are provided in each bay. The gates operate through the grooves
provided in the piers, one for the regular barrage gate and the other for
lowering the stoplogs. The piers, sometimes dummy piers, with their top upto the
crest level are also provided, to load the raft against uplift pressure. Normally the
piers are constructed monolithically with the raft, which is of concrete nowadays.
Generally, thickness of pier is varies from 1.50m to 2.50m and haves semicircular
upstream cut waters and downstream ease waters of triangular shape. The piers
have to be high enough to hold the gates clear off the maximum flood, while making
ample allowance for passing floating debris under the gate. In very long barrage
structures, the floor is given a break in continuity for reasons of limiting expansion,
differential foundation conditions, difference in floor levels of adjacent bays etc. At
those locations double piers are provided. They are nothing but two single piers
placed side-by-side, one at each of the raft ends. They will have a vertical sealing
arrangement between them. The thickness of the pier is fixed from considerations of
i) forces and moments transferred by the pier to the floor/ foundation, ii) minimum
thickness required at the block outs for the main gate and stop log grooves and also
iii) the weight of the pier required for counter acting the uplift pressure.
4.16.2 Divide Wall
The divide wall also like pier and is provided between under sluice and river sluice
or under sluice and spillway or river sluice and spillway as the case may be. The
following are its main functions.
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(i) It separates the turbulent flood waters from the pocket in front of the canal
head. It also prevents heavy disturbance which would otherwise results on
account of the water in the two portions being at different levels.
(ii) It helps in checking parallel flow would be caused by the formation of deep
channels leading from river to the pocket in front of the sluices. If parallel
currents still form, the divide walls keep them away from the floor of the
diversion structure and u/s & d/s flexible protections.
The length of divide wall on u/s has to be such as to keep the heavy actions on the
nose of the wall away from the u/s protection of sluices and also to provide deep still
water in front of the canal head regulator. The divide wall also plays a important role
in control of silt entry into canal by enclosing a pocket of nearly still water and by
separating it from turbulence and vagaries of main river. Similarly on d/s side, it
sufficiently long to safeguard against action set up by the under sluice discharge
damaging the spillway flexible apron on the side of divide wall.
The top of divide wall on the u/s side near the diversion structure always kept above
the pond level with some free board. This gives an indication of the obstruction in the
pond for any crafts coming into the pond for sounding, inspection, recreation etc.
Beyond some safe distance the top of divide wall can be lowered.
Due to difference in bed levels, in the spillway/river sluice/under sluice portions, it
becomes necessary to negotiate the difference in the levels over the length of divide
wall in the u/s or d/s side.
4.16.3 Abutments
The abutments form the end structures of the diversion structure, and their layout
depends on the project features and topography of the site. The length of the
abutment is generally kept the same as the length of the floor. The top of the
abutment will be fixed with adequate free board over the upstream and downstream
water levels. Due to the different intensities of loading and to avoid damages due to
any possible differential settlement, generally the abutments are divided into
different blocks such as upstream, gate bridge, road bridge, downstream blocks etc.
Each block is separated from the others by joints and provided with seals both
vertically and horizontally. The toe slab of the abutment foundation usually forms
part of the raft of the end bay adjacent to the abutment and separated from the
raft by a longitudinal joint provided with seals. The foundation of the abutment blocks
should be carried at least to the same levels as those of the floor of the main
Interim Report 106

diversion structure and preferably a little lower. The foundation of the abutments
should provide boxing of the diversion structure.
4.16.4 Flank Walls
In continuation of the abutments of the diversion structure, flank walls are provided
both on the upstream and downstream sides on both the banks. The flank walls
ensure smooth entry and exit of water into and away from the diversion structure.
The flank walls are generally laid out to provide a transition of 1 in 2 to 1 in 3 from
the guide bunds to barrage floor. The total transition length is made up of two types
of construction, one with solid concrete/ masonry wall, usually called the flank wall
and the other with cement concrete blocks known as flared out wall. The water face
of the flank wall is generally changed from vertical at the abutment end, to a slope of
2:1. Beyond it, the flared out wall normally has a slope from 0.5:1 to the slope of the
guide bunds which is generally 2:1 or 3:1. The stem of the flared out wall is
constructed of concrete/ masonry for certain height, overlaid by interlocking C.C.
blocks.
4.17 River Training Works – Guide Bund
In all river diversion structures some form of river training works are provided, the
objects being
i) Prevention of outflanking of the structure
ii) Guiding the river to flow axially, uniformly through the structure
iii) Minimizing possible cross flows through the structure which may endanger
the safety of the structure and protection works.
iv) Preventing flooding of the riverine lands upstream of the structure and
v) Providing favorable curvature of flow at the head regulator if provided.
Guide bunds and afflux bunds are the important ones and generally provided training
works. Guide bunds mainly serve the objective of guiding the river flow past the
barrage structure without causing damages to it and its approaches. They may be
provided on either or both on the upstream and downstream of the structure and on
one or both the flanks as required. Although divergent and convergent forms of guide
bunds are provided as per the specific needs of the case, parallel guide bunds with
suitable curved heads have been found to give uniform flow from the head of guide
bunds to the axis of the diversion structure. Provision of guide bunds in upstream
portion is not necessary in view of the higher storage depth and also in view of tie
Interim Report 107

bunds provided on either side. The length of the downstream guide bund is kept as
0.25 L to 0.40 L.
The downstream curved tail provides a smooth exit of flow from the structure. From
the hydraulic model tests conducted for a number of projects over the past years, it
has been found that a radius of the curved head equal to 0.4 to 0.5 times the width
of the diversion structure between the abutments usually provides satisfactory
performance. The minimum and maximum values could be 150m and 600m
respectively. The radius of the curved tail generally ranges from 0.3 to 0.5 times the
radius of the curved head. According to river curvature, the angle of sweep of curved
upstream head ranges from 120° to 145°. The angle for curved tail usually varies
from 45° to 60°.
After fixing up the layout of the guide bunds, the details of the guide bund section
such as top width free board, side slopes, pitching etc. are to be worked out, as
brought out in the following paras.
At the formation level, the base width of guide bund is generally kept 6 to 9m to
permit carriage of the material and vehicles for inspection. At the nose of the
guide bund, the width is increased suitably in a bulb shape to enable the vehicles to
take turn and also for stacking reserve of stone to be dumped in places wherever the
bunds are threatened by the flow.
On the downstream side, a free board of 1.0 to 1.50m above the highest flood level
for 1 in 500years flood is to be adopted.
The side slopes of the guide bund have to be fixed from stability considerations,
which depend on the material of which the bund is made and also its height.
Generally, the side slopes of the guide bund vary from 2:1 to 3:1 (horizontal to
vertical).
The sloping surface of the guide bund, on the water side has to withstand erosive
action of flow. This is achieved by pitching the slope manually with stones. The size
and weight of the stones can be approximately determined from the curves given for
the purpose. It is desirable to place the stones over a layer of inverted filter. For
average velocities up to 2m/sec, burnt clay bricks on edge can be used as pitching
material. For an average velocity up to 3.5 m/sec, pitching of stone weighing from
40kg to 70 kg (0.3 to 0.4 m in diameter) and for higher velocities, cement concrete
blocks of depth equal to thickness of pitching can be used. On the rear side turfing
Interim Report 108

of the slope is normally found to be adequate but pitching is provided in rear side.
The thickness of pitching is to be kept equal to the size of stone for pitching as
determined above, but not less than 0.25m. Wherever the velocities are high for
which the size of stones is greater than 0.4m, cement concrete blocks of thickness
0.4 to 0.5 or even 0.6m may be used.
It is desirable to provide an inverted filter of graded material to prevent the escape

of finer bund material through the interstices of the pitching. The thickness of the
filter may be 20 to 30 cm satisfying the criteria with respect to the next lower size
and with respect to the base material:
i) For uniform grain size filter,
R50 = D50 of filter material = 5 to 10

D50 of base material
ii) For graded material of sub-rounded particles,


Launching apron has to be provided for guide bunds also in the bed in continuation
of the pitching. The different aspects to be looked into, in this consideration are the
size of stones, depth of scour, thickness & slope of launching apron etc. The scour
depths to be adopted in the calculations for the launching apron shall be as per the
table given below.
Scour depth for Design of Guide bund apron
Maximum scour depth to be
Location
adopted
Upstream curved head of guide bund 2.5 * D
Straight reach, nose of downstream
Guide bund 1.5 * D
Where, D= depth of scour below bed level
Interim Report 109

The thickness of apron of guide bund shall be about 25 to 50 percent more than that
required for the pitching. The slope of the launching apron for calculation of the
quantity can be taken as 2:1 for loose stones, and as 1.5:1 for C.C. blocks or stone
sausages. Guide bunds have been designed as per IS:10751-1994.
4.18 Navigational Locks
4.18.1 Introduction
Navigation lock is a structure in the waterway provided to create a safe navigation
passage between two water pools at different levels. The reason for difference in
water levels can be man made such as construction of dam or barrage across the
river, creating difference in water level u/s and d/s or difference in water level
between the pond up-stream of the barrage and in the canal off taking from the
pond through the head regulator or because of natural reasons such as tidal
variations where Locks may be required at entrances to wet docks which require a
constant water level for docking.
The size of navigation lock (i.e. length, breadth and depth) depends greatly on the
size and draft of design vessel, traffic projections and difference in water levels. The
depth of the lock is dependent on various factors such as the water level difference
upstream and downstream, the draft of the design vessel, size of inlet/outlet
openings and quantity of incoming silt etc. The dimensions should be kept optimum,
to insure adequate locking capacity and appropriate operating time. Every lock is
unique in terms of its geology, location, size, requirements and water level
differences.
4.18.2 Main components of Navigation Lock

The main components of Navigation lock comprise of approach channels lock Pit,
filling/emptying culverts, and operating gates. There are various alternatives for all of
these main components and based on the location and site specific requirements one
has to choose the best appropriate option.
a) Approach channel: Approach channels are retaining structures and based on the
height it can be designed as cantilever retaining wall, counter fort retaining wall or
gravity retaining wall. So ease of construction the retaining walls of approach channel
shall preferably be of the similar type as the retaining walls of the lock pit.
b) Lock pit: The Lock pit itself can be a monolith “U” shaped structure or it may
comprise of retaining walls and base slab. Generally, the Lock pit consists of retaining
wall and base slab.
Interim Report 110

c) Filling/emptying arrangement: Filling/emptying system is chosen get

appropriate filling/emptying time. As per manual on design of locks, intake and
discharging systems, the optimum time for filling and emptying is 8 to 10 minutes.
For computing the size of culverts, scenarios with maximum water levels both in
upstream and downstream channels, minimum water levels both in upstream and
downstream channels and minimum water level in upstream channel and maximum
water level at downstream channel have been considered.
d) Operating gates: Operating gates are very important component of lock, as
without efficient gates no lock can work effectively. There are four types of main
operating Gates are available i.e. Conventional Mitre Gates, Suspended Mitre Gates,
Sliding Caisson Gates and Rolling Gates with integrated filling/emptying system.
e) Counterfort retaining wall: Considering various advantages of counterfort
retaining wall, it is proposed to adopt as a retaining structure. The counterfort
retaining wall has to be designed to take care of the earth pressure along with
earthquake forces.
f) Inlet/outlet structures: The project envisages construction of four feeder
culverts, two at upstream and two at downstream. The water shall be carried through
culvert system planned on both sides of the lock for filling/emptying of the lock. The
inlet/outlet system comprises of an inlet structure at one end and outlet structure at
another end.
g) Base slab: The sub-surface flow of water plays an important role for the stability
of structure. The base slab gets destabilized due to uplift pressure and provision of
sufficient floor thickness/tension piles prevents the failure against uplift pressure.
Uplift pressure at the base, or below the foundation, is taken care of by providing 2m
thick. base slab and 900mm diameter cast in-situ 15m deep tension piles. The base
slab has been designed to act as Pile cap. The pile shall be capable of sustaining a
load of not less than 3 times the specified working load for piles in tension, before
ultimate failure and as may be determined by calculation.
Interim Report 111

4.19 Design of Barrage
The storage of reservoir is fixed with reference to the crest level of Prakasam
barrage i.e +13.730m and storage within the river banks. Accordingly, the pond level
of +13.300m is proposed with storage capacity of 3.936 TMC. The pond level of
proposed barrage touches the second apron of the Prakasam Barrage i.e +13.275m.
Design flood corresponding to 100 years return period is 35,099.20 cumecs and
corresponding d/s tail water level is +17.590m and 500 years flood is 44730cumecs
and corresponding d/s tail water level is+18.810m.
Vent way of Barrage is designed for 100 years flood and free board is checked for
500 years flood.
An afflux of 0.30m considered in the design of vent way as barrage is in lower
reaches of alluvial river. Hence the u/s MWL of barrage is +17.890m for 100 years
flood and 19.110m for 500 years flood.
The starting chainage of barrage is aligned in such a way that there will not be any
banks erosion on d/s of river course and to accommodate navigation lock on the left
flank. Hence the starting chainage of barrage is fixed at Ch.800m.
There are islands within the proposed vent way of barrage. The average river bed
level is worked out duly neglecting the ground levels of island portions. Hence the
average river bed level works out to +7.20m.
The under sluice bays are proposed for environmental and ecological flows on left
flank with crest level of +7.20m i.e @ average bed level. The capacity of under sluice
bays is 10% of the deign flood.
The crest level of barrage bays is kept @ EL +9.050m which is 1.850m above
average river bed level.
The barrage is designed with 78 barrage bay vents and 8 under sluice vents. The size
of barrage vent way is 12.0m x 4.250m and under sluice vent way is 12.0m x 6.10m.
The proposed pier thickness is 2.50m. One divide wall of 2.50m thickness is proposed
between barrage and under sluice bays. It is extended upto end of u/s & d/s
launching apron. The total length of barrage is 1244.50m i.e from Ch. 800m to
2044.50m. The Left tie bund is proposed from Ch. 0m to 800m. The navigation lock
is proposed at Ch. 400m. The Right tie bund is proposed from Ch. 2044.50m to
3275m.
Interim Report 112

The MWL corresponding to 500 years flood is +19.110m. The Free board of 1.5m is
considered for Tie bunds, Guide bunds, Wing walls & Flank walls. Hence TBL is
proposed at +20.610m.
Guide bunds of 350m on u/s and 500m on d/s with 7.5m top width.
Double lane road bridge of width 12.0m including footpaths is proposed on d/s side of
barrage and road level is +22.010m. The length of pier under road bridge is 13.0m.
The hoist platform of width 3.50m is proposed for operation of gates. The top of hoist
platform is provided at EL +26.010m i.e. one max. gate height of 6.10m and
clearance of 1.50m above MWL of 500 years flood. The length of pier under hoist
platform is 3.50m.
The stoplog gate platform of width 4.50m is proposed on u/s side for operation of
stoplogs. The top of hoist platform proposed at EL +22.010m. 8 No’s (10% of total
vents) of stoplogs are proposed for barrage bays and 1 no. for under sluices. The
length of pier under stoplog platform is 4.50m.
As the designed pond level of+13.30m and required gate height is 4.250m and
6.10m in barrage bays & under sluice bays respectively. Fixed wheel type vertical
gates have been proposed for smooth and trouble-free operation.
The total length of pier is 23.50m including cut waters and its thickness is 2.50m.
As per the geotechnical investigations, the stratum consists of sand, clay, mixed with
sand and clay, top layer of sand is loose and susceptible for liquefaction. Hence,
friction piles are proposed under piers, abutments, wing walls, flank walls & divide
walls. CC gravity floor is proposed for barrage.
At some locations, the barge floor is resting on clay stratum. At these locations, it is
proposed to remove clay at least two times of thickness of floor and backfilled with
sand and also proposed pre-loading with sand bangs before laying of floor. The loose
sand layers are to be treated by vibro-compaction method to make the sand dense.
Interim Report 113

The Lacey’s water way for design flood of 35099cumecs is 905.0m.

The total length of barrage between abutments is 1244.50m.
The looseness factor works out to 1.38. The looseness factor for Prakasam Barrage is
1.29. Looseness factor varies from 1 to 1.5. Hence it is in order.
The barrage crest of length 6.350m is proposed to accommodate service gate and
stoplog gate grooves. The crest level of barrage bays is +9.050m and under sluice
bays is 7.20m. The u/s glacis is joined with 2:1 slope and d/s glacis is joined with 3:1
slope.
Basin type energy dissipation arrangement is proposed on d/s side. The basin levels
worked out for design flood, pond level flood and partial gate openings. The basin
level is fixed in such a way that for all the discharges, the jump is formed on the
glacis. Hence the basin level works out to +5.70m for barrage bays and +5.40m for
under sluice bays. The length of basin is 30.0m for barrage bays and 34.950m for
under sluice bays.
HYDRAULIC JUMP FOR HIGH FLOOD WITH CONCENTRATION &

RETROGRESION
Interim Report 114

HYDRAULIC JUMP FOR POND LEVEL FLOOD WITH CONCENTRATION &

RETROGRESION
When the barrage gate is opened at pond level with minimum tail water levels or
there in no water on d/s side, high velocities will generate on d/s side, this will travel
up to end of cistern and dislocate CC blocks and increase d/s scours. To reduce these
velocities and scours, two rows of baffle blocks are proposed in the cistern. The first
row of basin blocks is placed at 5.50m from toe of glacis and second row of basin
blocks placed in staggered manner at 2.0m from end of first blocks. The height of
blocks is 1.0m. The top width of blocks is 0.20m and d/s slope is 1:1. The width and
spacing of blocks is 0.75m.
The mean scour depth for design flood of 35099 cumecs with 20% concentration is
15.911m. Maximum scour depth of 1.25 times & 1.5 times of mean scour depth is
considered on u/s and d/s respectively. The cut off levels on u/s is -9.70m and d/s is
-16.50m duly considering the grip length. Sheet piles are proposed on u/s and d/s as
cut off.
Total floor length for barrage bays & under sluice bays is 60.10m and exit gradient
works out to 1 in 8.8 & 1 in 6.17 respectively which is less than 1 in 6(permissible
exit gradient for fine sand).
Interim Report 115

Uplift pressures are calculated by Khosla’s theory accordingly floor thickness are
arrived. The floor thickness various from 2.45m to 3.15m for barrage bays and
2.45m to 3.65m for under sluice bays.
FLOOR THICKNESS OF BARRAGE BAYS
FLOOR THICKNESS OF UNDER SLUICE BAYS
Interim Report 116

LAYOUT PLAN OF BARRAGE
Interim Report 117

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWING OF BARRAGE

Detailed hydraulic design calculations are enclosed.
Interim Report 118

HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF BARRAGE AT CHODAWARAM ON D/S OF PRAKASAM BARRAGE
1 Hydraulic Particulars
River = Krishna
Location Longitude = 800 411 4611 N
Lattitude = 160 241 2411 E
a. For 100 years flood :

Maximum Design Discharge = 35099.20 Cumecs (OR) 1239528.25 Cusecs
MaximumTail Water Level (TWL) = + 17.590 m (As per Tail water rating curve)
Afflux = 0.30 m
High flood level (HFL) / Design flood level (DFL) = + 17.890 m
Free board = 1.50 m
Top Bund Level (TBL) = + 19.390 m
b. For 500 years flood:

Maximum Discharge = 44730 Cumecs (OR) 1579639.95 Cusecs
MaximumTail Water Level (TWL) = + 18.810 m (As per Tail water rating curve)
Afflux = 0.30 m
High flood level (HFL) / MWL = + 19.110 m
Free board = 1.50 m
Top Bund Level (TBL) = + 20.610 m
Avg. river bed level = + 7.200 m

Crest level of Under Sluice bays = + 7.200 m
Crest level of barrage bays = + 9.050 m
Pond Level / FRL = + 13.300 m
Width of crest = 6.35 m
Silt factor (f) = 1.00
Exit Gradient = 1 in 6 (For fine sand)
Type of gates = Vertical
Width of gate = 12.00 m
Gate height for barrage bays = 4.250 m
Gate height for under sluice bays = 6.100 m
2 Tail water levels for different discharges form G-D curve :
Discharge (Q) TWL Retrogression Retrogressed TWL

S. No. Design discharge
cumecs m m m
1 Design flood flow 35099.20 + 17.590 0.50 + 17.090
2 Pond level flow 10581.54 + 13.250 0.50 + 12.750
3 0.90 m Gate Opening with Pond lvl. 5964.49 + 11.765 0.80 + 10.965
3 Calculation of Length of Barrage :
Design Discharge (Q) = 35099.2 Cumecs

Minimum stable width of river (water way) by Lacey's equation:
Linear water way (P) = 4.83 x Q (As per Cl. 10.2 of IS: 6966)
Linear water way (P) = 4.83 x 35099.2

= 905.000 m
(A). For Barrage bays portion:

Let the Crest level of barrage bays is kept @ EL = + 9.050 m
i 78 bays of 12.00 m each = 936.00 m
ii 77 Piers of 2.50 m each = 192.50 m
Overall waterway = 1128.50 m
(B). For Divide wall
1 Divide wall of 2.50 m Thick. = 2.50 m
(C). For Under Sluices on left side :

Let the Crest level of under sluice bays is kept @ EL = + 7.200 m
i 8 bays of 12.00 m each = 96.00 m
ii 7 Piers of 2.50 m each = 17.50 m
Overall waterway = 113.50 m
Therefore, the overall water way provided between abutments

Length of barrage = (A) + (B) + (C) = 1244.50 m
4 Calculation of Looseness factor :
Looseness factor = Actual overall waterway provided

Lacey's water way
= 1244.50
905.00
= 1.38
5 Calculation of Approach Velocity Head
Average Intensity of discharge (q) = 35099.20

1244.50
= 28.203 Cumecs / m
Note: The looseness factor is > 1, hence the following formula is used for scour depth calculations.
1/3
Mean Scour depth (R) = 0.475 x Q
f
1/3
Mean Scour depth (R) = 0.475 x 35099.20

1.00
= 15.552 m
Velocity approach (V) = q

R
= 28.203
15.552
= 1.813 m/s
Velocity Head (V2/2g) = 1.813 ^2

2 x 9.810
= 0.168 m
U/S TEL = U/S MFL + Velocity head

= 17.890 + 0.168
= + 18.058 m
6 Calculation of Head over crest inluding velocity head
a. High Flood condition
i. For Barrage bays

Head over crest = 17.890 - 9.050
= 8.840 m
Head over crest including velocity head = 8.840 + 0.168

= 9.008 m
ii. For Under Sluice bays

= 10.690 m
Head over crest including velocity head = 10.690 + 0.168

= 10.858 m
ii. Pond level condition
i. For Barrage bays

= 4.250 m
ii. For Under Sluice bays

= 6.100 m
7 Calculation of Effective length of Water way
i. For Barrage bays:

Effective length of water way (Le) = Lt - ( (2 * (N * Kp ) + Ka) * He )
where
Lt = length of water way = 936.000 m
N = number o piers = 77.0
Kp = pier contraction co-efficient = 0.01
Ka = abutment contraction co-efficient = 0.20
He = head over crest including velocity head = 9.008 m
Effective length of water way (Le) = 920.327 m
ii. For Under Sluice bays:

Effective length of water way (Le) = Lt - ( (2 * (N * Kp ) + Ka) * He )
Lt = length of water way = 96.000 m

N = number o piers = 7.0
Kp = pier contraction co-efficient = 0.01
Ka = abutment contraction co-efficient = 0.20
He = head over crest including velocity head = 10.858 m
Effective length of water way (Le) = 92.308 m
8 Calculation of Drowning Ratio :
a. High Flood Condition

i. For Barrage Bays:
Drowning Ratio (Dr) = D/S water Level - Crest level
U/S water Level - Crest level
Drowning Ratio (Dr) = 17.590 - 9.050

17.890 - 9.050
Dr = 0.966
= 96.61 %
From figure-1 of IS 6966 (Part 1)-1989 (based on malikpur curves), for a drowing ration of 0.966 (96.61%)
Co-efficient of Discharge (C) = 1.259
ii. For Under Sluice Bays:


17.890 - 7.200
Dr = 0.972
= 97.19 %
b. Pond level Condition
i. For Barrage Bays:


13.300 - 9.050
Dr = 0.988
= 98.82 %
ii. For Under Sluice Bays:

13.300 - 7.200
Dr = 0.992
= 99.18 %
9 Calculation of Discharge :
Discharge passing through Barrage is calculated using the following formula ,
Discharge (Q) = C * Le * He3/2

Where
C = Co-efficient of Discharge from Mallikapur Graph
Le = Effective length of water way
He = Head over crest of inclding approach velocity head
a. Design Flood Condition
i. Discharge through Barrage bays 3/2

Discharge (Q1) = 1.259 x 920.327 x 9.008
= 31325.634 Cumecs
ii. Discharge through Under Sluice bays 3/2

Discharge (Q2) = 1.223 x 92.308 x 10.858
= 4038.537 Cumecs
Total Discharge = Q1 + Q2 = 31325.634 + 4038.537

35364.2 > 35099.2 Cumecs
HENCE OK
Percentage of discharge over required discharge = 264.971 x 100.00

35099.2
= 0.8 %
b. Pond level Condition

Note: Neglecting velocity of approach.
i. Discharge through Barrage bays
3/2
Discharge (Q1) = 1.122 x 920.327 x 4.250
= 9051.080 Cumecs
ii. Discharge through Under Sluice bays 3/2

Discharge (Q2) = 1.100 x 92.308 x 6.100
= 1530.463 Cumecs
Total Discharge = Q1 + Q2 = 9051.080 + 1530.463

10581.5 Cumecs
10 DESIGN OF BARRAGE BAYS
There are two major flow conditions

1) When Design flood is passing and
2) When flow is at pond level (with all gates open)
i) When Design flood is passing :
a) Assuming NO Concentration and NO Retrogression:

Discharge (Q) = 31325.63 Cumecs
U/S design flood level = + 17.890 m
D/S water level = + 17.590 m
Average discharge intensity (q) = 31325.634

1128.500
= 27.759 Cumecs/m
1/3
f
1.00
= 14.974 m

R
= 27.759
14.974
= 1.854 m/s

2 x 9.810
= 0.175 m
U/S Water Level = + 17.890 m

U/S TEL = U/s Water Level + velocity head
= 17.890 + 0.175
= + 18.065 m
D/S HFL (OR) D/S Water Level = + 17.590 m

D/S TEL = D/S HFL + velocity head
= 17.590 + 0.175
= + 17.765 m
Head loss (HL) = U/S TEL - D/S TEL

= 18.065 - 17.765
= 0.30 m
Discharge (Q) = C * L * H3/2
Discharge intensity between piers (q) Q

=
L
= 31325.634
936.00
= 33.468 Cumecs/m
+ 18.065 U/S TEL

+ 17.890 U/S DFL HL = 0.30
D/S TEL + 17.765
D/S HFL + 17.590
+ 9.050 Crest Level
+ 7.200 Avg. bed lvl.

p
p
b) 20% Concentration and 0.50m Retrogression:
The Discharge intensity is increased by 20 %

The New Discharge intensity = 1.20 x 33.47
= 40.161 Cumecs/m
Discharge intensity (q) = C * H3/2
2/3
Head required for this new Discharge intensity (He) = q
C
2/3
= 40.161
1.259
= 10.058 m
U/S TEL = Crest level + Head over crest

= 9.050 + 10.058
= + 19.108 m
D/S Retrogression = 0.50 m

Therefore, the D/s HFL is depressed due to retrogression
D/S HFL = 17.590 - 0.500
= + 17.090 m
D/S TEL = D/S HFL + Velocity head

= 17.090 + 0.175
= + 17.265 m

= 19.108 - 17.265
= 1.843 m
+ 19.108 U/S TEL

HL = 1.843
D/S TEL + 17.265
New head (including velocity head) = 10.058 D/S HFL + 17.090
+ 9.050 Crest Level

p
ii) When Pond level flow condition :

U/S Pond level = + 13.300 m

1128.500
= 8.020 Cumecs/m
1/3
f
1.00
= 9.899 m

R
= 8.020
9.899
= 0.810 m/s
2 x 9.810
= 0.033 m
U/S TEL = Pond lvl. + Velocity head

= 13.300 + 0.033
U/S TEL = + 13.333 m
D/S Water Level = + 13.250 m
D/S TEL = D/S water lvl + Velocity head

= 13.250 + 0.033
D/S TEL = + 13.283 m

= 13.333 - 13.283
= 0.05 m
=
L
= 9051.080
936.00
= 9.67 Cumecs/m
+ 13.333 U/S TEL

+ 13.300 U/S Pond Level 0.033 HL = 0.05
D/S TEL + 13.283
D/S water lvl + 13.250
+ 9.050 Crest Level

p
The Discharge intensity is increased by = 20 %

The New Discharge intensity (q) = 1.2 x 9.67
= 11.60 Cumecs/m
Discharge intensity (q) = C * He3/2
2/3
C
2/3
= 11.604
1.122
Head required (He) = 4.746 m

U/S TEL = Crest level + Head reqd.
= 9.050 + 4.746
= + 13.796 m
Retrogression = 0.50 m
Therefore, the D/S HFL is depressed due to retrogression
D/s HFL = 13.25 - 0.500
D/s HFL = + 12.750 m
D/S TEL = D/s HFL + velocity head

= 12.750 + 0.033
= + 12.783 m
= 13.796 - 12.783
= 1.012 m
+ 13.796 U/S TEL
HL = 1.012
D/S TEL + 12.783
New head (including velocity head) = 4.746 D/S Water lvl + 12.750
+ 9.050 Crest Level

p
iii) When Pond level flood is passing with 0.90m gate opening :


1128.500
= 5.285 Cumecs/m
1/3
f
1.00
= 8.614 m

R
= 5.285
8.614
= 0.614 m/s

2 x 9.810
= 0.019 m

= 13.300 + 0.019
= + 13.319 m

= 11.765 + 0.019
= + 11.784 m

= 13.319 - 11.784
= 1.54 m

=
L
= 5964.493
936.00
= 6.372 Cumecs/m
+ 13.319 U/S TEL
+ 13.300 Pond level
HL = 1.535
D/STEL + 11.784
4.269 D/S Water lvl + 11.765
+ 9.050 Crest Level

p
New Discharge (Q) = 1.2 x 5964.49

= 7157.391 Cumecs

1128.500
= 6.342 Cumecs/m
1/3
f
1.00
= 9.154 m

R
= 6.342
9.154
= 0.693 m/s

2 x 9.810
= 0.024 m
U/S TEL = U/S HFL + velocity head

= 13.300 + 0.024
= + 13.324 m
D/S HFL = 11.765 - 0.800
D/S HFL = + 10.965 m

= 10.965 + 0.024
= + 10.989 m

= 13.324 - 10.989
= 2.335 m
Discharge intensity between piers (q) = 1.200 x 6.37

= 7.647 Cumecs/m
+ 13.324 U/S TEL

HL = 2.335
D/S TEL + 10.989
+ 9.050 Crest Level

p


1128.500
= 3.592 Cumecs/m
1/3
f
1.00
= 7.574 m

R
= 3.592
7.574
= 0.474 m/s

2 x 9.810
= 0.011 m

= 13.300 + 0.011
= + 13.311 m

= 10.965 + 0.011
= + 10.976 m

= 13.311 - 10.976
= 2.34 m

=
L
= 4054.049
936.00
= 4.331 Cumecs/m
+ 13.311 U/S TEL

+ 13.300 Pond lvl. HL = 2.335
D/S TEL + 10.976
+ 9.050 Crest Level

p

= 4864.859 Cumecs

1128.500
= 4.311 Cumecs/m
1/3
f
1.00
= 8.049 m

R
= 4.311
8.049
= 0.536 m/s

2 x 9.810
= 0.015 m

= 13.300 + 0.015
= + 13.315 m

D/S HFL = 10.965 - 1.200
D/S HFL = + 9.765 m

= 9.765 + 0.015
= + 9.780 m
= 13.315 - 9.780
= 3.535 m
+ 13.315 U/S TEL

+ 13.300 HL = 3.535
D/S TEL + 9.780
+ 9.050 Crest Level

p
iv) When Pond level flood is passing with 0.30m gate opening :


1128.500
= 1.830 Cumecs/m
1/3
f
1.00
= 6.049 m

R
= 1.830
6.049
= 0.303 m/s

2 x 9.810
= 0.005 m

= 13.300 + 0.005
= + 13.305 m

= 10.280 + 0.005
= + 10.285 m

= 13.305 - 10.285
= 3.02 m

=
L
= 2065.154
936.00
= 2.206 Cumecs/m
+ 13.305 U/S TEL

+ 13.300 Pond lvl. HL = 3.020
D/S TEL + 10.285
+ 9.050 Crest Level

p

= 2478.184 Cumecs

1128.500
= 2.196 Cumecs/m
1/3
f
1.00
= 6.428 m

R
= 2.196
6.428
= 0.342 m/s

2 x 9.810
= 0.006 m

= 13.300 + 0.006
= + 13.306 m
D/S HFL = 10.28 - 1.750
D/S HFL = + 8.530 m

= 8.530 + 0.006
= + 8.536 m
= 13.306 - 8.536
= 4.770 m
+ 13.306 U/S TEL

HL = 4.770
D/S TEL + 8.536
+ 9.050 Crest Level

p
11 Calculation of Cistern Length and Floor level for different discharges
S. No. Item Unit For Design flood flow For Pond level flow For 0.90m Gate opening For 0.60m Gate opening For 0.30m Gate opening
Condition 1(a) Condition 1(b) Condition 2(a) Condition 2(b) Condition 1(a) Condition 1(b) Condition 1(a) Condition 1(b) Condition 1(a) Condition 1(b)
Without Conc. With Conc. Without Conc. With Conc. Without Conc. With Conc. Without Conc. With Conc. Without Conc. With Conc.
& Regtogression & Regtogression & Regtogression & Regtogression & Regtogression & Regtogression & Regtogression & Regtogression & Regtogression & Regtogression
1 Discharge (Q) Cumec 35364.171 42437.005 10581.543 12697.852 5964.493 7157.391 4054.049 4864.859 2065.154 2478.184
2 Discharge intensity (q) Cumec/m 33.468 40.161 9.670 11.604 6.372 7.647 4.331 5.197 2.206 2.648
3 U/S water level m + 17.890 + 17.890 + 13.300 + 13.300 + 13.300 + 13.300 + 13.300 + 13.300 + 13.300 + 13.300
4 D/S water level m + 17.590 + 17.090 + 13.250 + 12.750 + 11.765 + 10.965 + 10.965 + 9.765 + 10.280 + 8.530
5 U/S TEL m + 18.065 + 19.108 + 13.333 + 13.796 + 13.319 + 13.324 + 13.311 + 13.315 + 13.305 + 13.306
6 D/S TEL m + 17.765 + 17.265 + 13.283 + 12.783 + 11.784 + 10.989 + 10.976 + 9.780 + 10.285 + 8.536
7 Head loss (HL) = U/S TEL - D/S TEL m 0.300 1.843 0.050 1.012 1.535 2.335 2.335 3.535 3.020 4.770
8 Critical depth (yc) = (q2/g)1/3 4.851 5.478 2.120 2.394 1.606 1.813 1.241 1.402 0.792 0.894
9 HL/yc 0.231 0.336 0.231 0.423 0.956 1.288 1.881 2.522 3.815 5.335
10 y1/yc (From Graph of IS:4997) 0.600 0.560 0.600 0.536 0.442 0.408 0.364 0.332 0.286 0.254
11 Sequent depth (y1) m 2.911 3.068 1.272 1.283 0.710 0.740 0.452 0.465 0.226 0.227
12 Froude Number (Fr) = q / (g *y13) 2.152 2.386 2.152 2.548 3.403 3.837 4.554 5.227 6.538 7.812
13 Sequent depth (y2) = (y1/2) * ( -1 + (8Fr2+1) m 7.521 8.932 3.287 4.028 3.079 3.661 2.692 3.215 1.983 2.398
14 Specific energy (Ef1) = y1 + q2/ (2*g*y12) 9.649 11.802 4.217 5.450 4.819 6.186 5.136 6.824 5.066 7.156
15 Specific energy (Ef2) = y2 + q2/ (2*g*y22) 8.530 9.963 3.728 4.451 3.297 3.884 2.824 3.349 2.047 2.460
Level at which Hydraulic Jump will form =
16 D/S TEL - Ef2 m + 9.235 + 7.303 + 9.555 + 8.333 + 8.487 + 7.106 + 8.152 + 6.431 + 8.238 + 6.076
17 Required length of floor = 5 * ( y2 - y1 ) m 23.049 29.321 10.074 13.721 11.846 14.609 11.203 13.750 8.785 10.853
Required Cistern floor level = + 6.000 m

Note: Cistern level is provided 0.30m below lowest jump formation level from safety considerations.
Provided Cistern floor level = + 5.700 m
Provided Cistern length = 30.00 m
Design of Barrage Bays:
(A) Unbalanced Head for High Flood with Concentration & Retrogresion
+ 17.890
+ 17.650
+ 17.371
3.385 + 17.090
+ 9.050 3.243
3.121 4.602 4.923 5.452 7.004 8.319 8.733 8.932
+ 7.200 1.50 3.068
3.00 + 7.303
+ 5.700
4.50
5.24 3.068
4.81
2.86
7.67
10.53
15.34
18.20
23.01
25.87
30.68
30.00
34.81
20.05 10.05 30.00
S. No. Distance from Toe of Glacis Ordinate Water Surface lvl.

1 0.00 4.923 + 12.226
2 5.00 5.884 + 13.187
3 10.00 5.344 + 12.647
4 15.00 7.770 + 15.073
5 20.00 8.416 + 15.719
6 25.00 8.232 + 15.535
7 30.00 8.932 + 16.235
(B) Unbalanced Head for Pond level with Concentration & Retrogresion
+ 13.300
+ 13.135
+ 12.943
1.323 + 12.750
+ 9.050
3.400 3.071 3.608 3.833 4.028 4.028
1.925 2.358
+ 7.200 1.283
+ 8.333
1.50
+ 5.700
2.15 1.28
3.21
7.90
6.42
9.63
12.83
16.04
37.90
20.05 10.05 30.00
(C) Unbalanced Head for no flow condition with Pond level
+ 13.300
+ 11.020
+ 9.050 + 8.372
+ 7.200 3.994 3.774 3.553

3.333 3.113 2.893 2.672
+ 5.700
10.05 5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
20.05 10.05 30.00

12 Design of Basin Appurtenances
Ref: EM 1110-2-1605- Hydraulic Design of Naviagation Dams
Note: For all the flow condtions, Hydraulic Jump is forming on glacis. Hence basin blocks are not required. But for single gate opening with
minimum tail water on d/s, then baffles are required to dissipates the energy as per cl. 5.9(e) above reference.
A) BAFFLE BLOCKS
Height of baffle blocks (hb) = y1 * ( 0.436 * Fr - 0.357) <= 0.30 * y2

Note: The above eqation is used for froude number between 2.5 to 4.5.
Baffle height for different gate openings with concentration & Retrogression
Gate opening height y1 hb y2 hb = 0.3 * y2

S. No. Froude No.
m m m m m
1 0.30 7.812 0.227 0.692 2.398 0.719
2 0.60 5.227 0.465 0.894 3.215 0.965
3 0.90 3.837 0.740 0.974 3.661 1.098
4 Fully open 2.548 1.283 0.968 4.028 1.208
Max. Height of baffle block (hb) = 0.974 m

or say 1.000 m
Distance of first row of baffles from toe of glacis = 1.30 *y2 = 1.30 x 4.028 (For gates fully open condition)
= 5.236 m
or say 5.500 m
Distance b/w first & second row of baffles = 2.00 x 1.00

= 2.000 m
or say 2.000 m
The Top width of basin block = 0.20 x hb

= 0.200 x 1.000
0.20 m say 0.20 m
Clearance from the side wall = 0.375 x hb

= 0.375 x 1.000
0.38 say 0.40 m
Clear spacing b/w basin blocks = 0.75 x hb

= 0.75 x 1.000
0.75 say 0.75 m
Width of basin blocks = 0.75 x hb

= 0.75 x 1.000
0.75 say 0.75 m
No. of basin blocks = 15
B) END SILL
Height of End sill (hs) = 0.20 x y2
= 0.20 x 2.398
= 0.500 m
RL of Lip = 5.700 + 0.500

= + 6.200 m
The Top width of End sill = 0.02 x y2

= 0.02 x 2.398
= 0.10 m say 0.10 m
13 GLACIS
The crest width = 6.35 m
U/S slope = 2: 1
D/S slope = 3: 1
Cistern Level = + 5.700 m
Crest Level = + 9.050 m
U/S Floor Level = + 7.200 m

Length of U/S slope portion of glacis = 9.050 - 7.200 x 2.000
= 3.700 m
Length of D/S slope portion of glacis = 9.050 - 5.700 x 3.000

= 10.050 m
+26.710
Stoplog Platform Bridge Top

+22.010 3.50 +22.010
TBL +20.610 TBL
+20.310
MWL 4.50
+17.890 Stoplog groove 13.00
TWL
FRL +17.590
+13.300
Flow 6.350 1.25

1.25 Gate
+9.05 Crest
300 Thk. WC U/S D/S
2 :1 3 :1
+7.20 300 Thk. WC
+7.000
+ 5.900 +5.700
2.45
0.60 2.80
E1 C1 3.15 +2.600 +2.950
+2.250
E2 C2
D1
-2.300 3.700 6.350 10.050 10.00 10.00 10.00
D2
-6.800
10.00 20.10 30.00
60.10
TYPICAL SECTION OF BARRAGE
14 SHEET PILE LEVEL CALCULATIONS
i. At Upstream side :
Discharge with 20% concentration (Q) = 1.200 x x 31325.634

= 37590.761 Cumecs
1/3

f
1/3
1.00
= 15.912 m
Max Scour depth = 1.25 * Mean Scour depth
Max Scour depth = 1.250 x x 15.912
= 19.89 m

Max Scour level = + 17.890 - 19.890
= -2.00 m
Depth of Scour below U/S bed = U/S bed level - Max . Scour level
= 7.200 -2.00
= 9.20 m
say 9.50 m
Bottom level of U/S Sheet pile provided = 7.20 - 9.500

= -2.300 m
ii. At Downstream side:

= 37590.761 Cumecs
1/3

f

1/3

1.00
= 15.912 m
Max. Scour depth = 1.5 * Mean Scour depth

Max Scour depth = 1.50 x 15.912
= 23.868 m
D/S Retrogressed Water Level = + 17.090 m

Max. Scour level = 17.090 - 23.868
= -6.778 m
= Cistern level - Max. Scour level

Depth of scour below D/S bed = 5.700 -6.778
= 12.478 m
or say 12.50 m
Bottom level of D/S Sheet pile provided = 5.700 - 12.500

= -6.800 m
15 LENGTH OF IMPERVIOUS FLOOR / EXIT GRADIENT (GE)
Depth of D/S cut-off below bed level (d) = 12.500 m

Max. Head acting (H) = 13.300 - 5.700
= 7.600 m
Horizontal Impervious floor length from U/S to D/S (b) = U/S floor length + U/S glacis length + Crest width + D/S glacis length + Cistern length
= 10.00 + 3.700 + 6.350 + 10.050 + 30.000

= 60.10 m
Permissible Exit Gradient = 1 in 6

= 0.167
α = b/d
= 60.100
12.500
= 4.808
λ = 1+ ( 1 + α2)
2
= 1+ (1 + 4.808 ^2)
2
= 2.955
H/d = 7.600
12.500
= 0.608
Exit Gradient (GE) = 1 * H

π × √λ d
Exit Gradient (GE) = 1

x 0.608
3.142 x 2.955
= 0.113 <= 0.167

HENCE OK
16 UPLIFT PRESURES
(1) For U/S Pile No. 1 :
Total length of floor (b) = 60.100 m

Depth of U/s pile line (d) = 9.50 m
E1 C1
α = b/d = 60.100
9.500
= 6.33
λ = 1 + (1+α2) D1
2
= 3.704
φE = 1 * Cos -1 λ-2
Π λ
= 0.348
= 34.80 %
φC1 = 100 - φE
= 100 - 34.8
= 65.2 %
φD = 1 * Cos -1 λ-1
Π λ
φD = 0.240
= 24.00 %
φD1 = 100 - φD
= 100 - 24.00
= 76.0 %
φC1 is corrected for the following three corrections as below:

Correction for φC1
(a) Correction at C1 for Mutual Interference of piles.
φC1 is affected by D/S Pile No : 2
Correction = 19 * D * d+D
b' b
Where
D = Depth of Pile No.2 below the Point 'C1'
= 5.900 -6.800
= 12.70 m
d = Depth of Pile No.1
= 7.200 -2.300
= 9.50 m
b' = C/C Distance between two piles
= 59.50 m
b = Total Floor length
= 60.10 m
Correction = 19 x 12.70 x 22.20

59.50 60.10
= 3.24 %
Since the point 'C1' is in the rear in the direction of flow, The correction is +ve.
Correction due to pile interferece on' C1' = 3.24 % ( + ve )
(b) Correction at C1 due to Thickness of floor

Thickness of floor = 1.30 m including 300 Thk. WC.
C1' +7.200
The pressure at C1 shall be more than C1' because the direction of flow is C1 to C1'. 1.30 +5.900
Hence correction is +ve E1 C1
+7.200 ---- 65.20 flow

+5.900 ?
-2.300 ---- 76.00 D1 -2.300
76.0 -65.2 x 7.20 - 5.90

Correction =
7.200 -2.300
= 1.48 % ( + ve )
(c) Correction at C1 due to slope

Correction due to slope at C1 is nil, as this point is neither situated at the start nor at the end of slope
Therefore,
Corrected φC1 = 65.20 + 3.24 + 1.48
= 70.0 %
φD1 = 76.0 %
(2) For D/S Pile No. 2

Depth of D/S pile line (d) = 12.50 m
α = b/d = 60.100 E2 C2
12.500
= 4.81
D2
λ = 1 + (1+α2)
2
= 2.956
φE = 1 * Cos -1 λ-2
Π λ
= 0.395
φE2 = 39.60 %
φD = 1 * Cos -1 λ-1
Π λ
φD = 0.270
φD2 = 27.00 %
φE2 is corrected for the following three corrections as below:
Correction for φE2
(a) Correction at E2 for Mutual Interference of piles.
φE2 is affected by U/S Pile No. 1
b' b
Where
= 2.950 -2.300
= 5.25 m
= 5.700 -6.800
= 12.50 m
b' = Distance between two piles
= 59.50 m
= 60.10 m
Correction = 19 x 5.25 x 17.75

59.50 60.10
= 1.67 %
Since the point E2 is in the Forward in the direction of flow, The correction is -ve
Correction due to pile interferece on E2 = 1.67 % ( - ve )
(b) Correction at E2 due to Thickness of floor

+5.700 E2'
The pressure at E2 shall be Less than E2' because +2.950 2.75
the direction of flow is from E2' to E2. Hence correction is -ve E2 C2
+5.700 ---- 39.6 flow
+2.950 ?
-6.800 ---- 27.0
D2 -6.800
39.60 -27.00 x 5.70 - 2.95

Correction =
5.700 -6.800
Correction = 2.77 % ( - ve )
(c) Correction at E2 due to slope
Correction due to slope at E2 is nil, as this point is neither situated at the start nor at the end of slope.
Therefore
Corrected φE2 = 39.6 - 1.67 - 2.77
φE2 = 35.16 %
φD2 = 27.00 %
UPLIFT PRESSURES
Upstream Pile No. 1 Downstream Pile No. 2

φE1 = 100.00 % φE2 = 35.16 %
φD1 = 76.00 % φD2 = 27.00 %
φC1 = 70.0 % φC2 = 0.00 %
ELEVATION OF SUB SOIL HYDRAULIC GRADIENT LINES
Condition
U/s Water D/s Water level Head (m) Height / Elevation of Sub Soil H.G Line above datum
level Upstream Pile No. 1 Downstream Pile No. 2
φE1 φD1 φC1 φE2 φD2 φC2
100.00 76.00 70.00 35.16 27.00 0.00
1 No Flow, Maximum static head
7.600 5.776 5.320 2.672 2.052 0.000
+ 13.300 + 5.700 7.600
+ 13.300 + 11.476 + 11.020 + 8.372 + 7.752 + 5.700
2 High flood with Concentration and Retrogression

0.800 0.608 0.560 0.281 0.216 0.000
+ 17.890 + 17.090 0.800
+ 17.890 + 17.698 + 17.650 + 17.371 + 17.306 + 17.090
3 Flow at Pond level with Concentration and Retrogression

0.550 0.418 0.385 0.193 0.149 0.000
+ 13.300 + 12.750 0.550
+ 13.300 + 13.168 + 13.135 + 12.943 + 12.899 + 12.750
17 CALCULATION OF HYDRAULIC JUMP PROFILE

(A) PRE JUMP PROFILE
S. No. Distance from the Starting Glacis level High flood flow Pond level flow
of Glacis (3:1) With Concentration & Regtogression With Concentration & Regtogression
for q = 40.161 cumec/m for q = 11.604 cumec/m
(Ef1) = U/S
(Ef1) = U/S TEL - (y1) from Water Profile = (y1) from Water Profile = Glacis
TEL - Glacis
Glacis level fromula Glacis lvl. + y1 fromula lvl. + y1
lvl.
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
1 0.00 + 9.050 10.060 - - - - -
2 1.50 + 8.550 10.560 3.385 +11.935 5.246 1.323 +9.873
3 2.15 + 8.333 10.780 3.319 +11.652 5.463 1.283 +9.616
4 3.00 + 8.050 11.060 3.243 +11.293 - - -
5 4.50 + 7.550 11.560 3.121 +10.671 - - -
6 5.24 + 7.303 11.810 3.068 +10.370 - - -
(B) POST JUMP PROFILE
S. No. High flood flow Pond level flow

With Concentration & Regtogression With Concentration & Regtogression
for y1 = 3.068 m for y1 = 1.283 m
Fr2 = 5.694 Fr2 = 6.494
x y Water x y Water
y1 y1 Surface y1 y1 Surface
x y x y
Profile for Profile for
from plate 10.3 (a) from plate 10.3 (a)
HFL Pond lvl.
1 0.00 1.00 0.00 3.068 + 10.370 0.00 1.000 0.00 1.283 + 10.839
2 1.00 1.50 3.068 4.602 + 11.904 1.00 1.500 1.28 1.925 + 11.480
3 2.50 1.78 7.67 5.452 + 12.754 2.50 1.84 3.21 2.358 + 11.913
4 5.00 2.28 15.34 7.004 + 14.306 5.00 2.39 6.42 3.071 + 12.626
5 7.50 2.71 23.01 8.319 + 15.622 7.50 2.81 9.63 3.608 + 13.164
6 10.00 2.85 30.68 8.733 + 16.035 10.00 2.99 12.83 3.833 + 13.388
7 12.50 2.95 38.35 9.057 + 16.360 12.50 3.14 16.04 4.033 + 13.588
8 25.00 3.35 32.08 4.028 + 13.583
MWL +17.890
FRL + 13.300 High flood flow

8.840 Pond level flow TWL
+17.590
Crest level +9.05
+ 13.250
1.85 2 :1
+7.20 3 :1
+7.000
1.00 +5.700
2.45
0.60 2.80
E1 C1 3.15
0.60
10.00 10.00 10.00
E2 C2
10.00 3.70 6.35 10.05 30.00
D1
-2.30
60.10
D2
-6.800
18 Thickness of Floor for Uplift Pressures
(a) High flood with concentration and Retrogression

Elevation of H.G.L at U/S Pile line = + 17.650 m
Elevation of H.G.L at D/S Pile Line = + 17.371 m
Length of floor from U/S to Toe of D/S Glacis = 30.10 m

Length of floor between U/S and D/S Pile Lines = 60.10 m
Maximum Unbalanced head (Hu) = Ordinate of HGL - Ordinate of water profile

= 17.510 7.303 + 4.923
Hu = 5.285 m
(2/3) * Hu = 3.523 m
Thickness of floor required = 3.523

( 2.40 - 1.0 )
= 2.52 m
Required Thk. with Provided

S. No. Description HGL Water lvl. Head (Hu) 2/3 *(Hu)
Thick. 10% extra Thick.
1 Distance from Toe of glacis 0.00 m + 17.510 + 12.226 5.285 3.523 2.52 2.77 2.80
(b) No Flow , Maximum static head

Length between U/S and D/S Pile Line = 60.10 m
Required Provided
S. No. Description HGL Water lvl. Head (Hu) Thk. with 10% extra
Thick. Thick.
1 Distance from Toe of glacis 0.000 + 9.694 + 5.700 3.994 2.85 3.14 3.15
19 PROTECTION WORKS
(a) U/S SIDE CC BLOCKS

Depth of scour below U/S bed (D) = 9.500 m
U/S side block protection =1.5 * D = 1.50 x 9.500
= 14.25 m
Provide 10.0 rows of 1.50 x 1.50 x 0.90 m CC blocks with 7.5 cm gaps on U/S
So, The length of CC blocks = 15.80 m
(b) D/S SIDE CC BLOCKS

Depth of scour below D/S bed = 12.50 m
D/S side block protection =1.5 * D = 1.50 x 12.500
= 18.75 m
Provide 12.0 rows of 1.50 x 1.50 x 0.90 m CC blocks with 7.5 cm gaps on D/S
over inverted filter of thick 1.00 m and 1.20 m wide curtain wall
and 9 rows of 1.50 x 1.50 x 0.90 m CC blocks over stone spawls
0.6 m thk
So, The length of CC blocks = 18.90 m over inverted filter and
and 1.2 m wide curtain wall
So, The length of CC blocks = 14.20 m over stone spawls of 0.60 m thk.
(c) U/S SIDE LOOSE STONE PROTECTION

Maximum Scour depth (D) = 9.50 m
Length to be covered on a slope of 2 : 1

= 2.236 x D
= 2.236 x 9.50
= 21.24 m
say 22.00 m
Taking 1.2 m thick loose stone form slope considerations
Quantity of stone required = 22.000 x 1.20

= 26.400 Cum
Providing with 1.50 m thickness of apron
Length of launching apron = 26.400

1.5
Length of launching apron = 18.0 m on U/S.

(d) D/S SIDE LOOSE STONE PROTECTION

= 2.236 x D
= 2.236 12.5
= 27.95 m
say 28.00 m

= 33.600 Cum

1.5
Length of launching apron = 23.0 m on D/S

Discharge through Barrage bays with different gate openings
Design Data:
FRL = + 13.30 m
Crest level = + 9.05 m
Width of each bay = 12.00 m
No. of vents = 78.0
Height from FRL to Crest level = 4.25 m
Discharge (Q) = Cd* B * G0 * sqrt (2 * g * He)

where
B = Bay width = 12.00 m
Cd = Co-efficient of discharge = It is varies from 0.62 To 0.82.
Avg. 'Cd' value = 0.82
G0 = Gate opening
He = Head from Reservoir level to centre of gate opening
Gate lifting Elevation Discharge through gate opening under in 'm'

S. No.
m 0.30 0.60 0.90 1.20 1.50 1.80 2.10 2.40 2.70 3.00 3.225 3.60 3.90 4.20 4.25
1 + 9.35 5.064
2 + 9.65 8.771 14.324
3 + 9.95 11.324 20.257 26.314
4 + 10.25 13.399 24.809 33.972 40.514
5 + 10.55 15.193 28.647 40.196 49.619 56.620
6 + 10.85 16.796 32.029 45.578 57.295 66.993 74.428
7 + 11.15 18.259 35.086 50.388 64.058 75.963 85.942 93.790
8 + 11.45 19.614 37.897 54.778 70.172 83.980 96.087 106.348 114.590
9 + 11.75 20.880 40.514 58.841 75.794 91.296 105.258 117.573 128.115 136.734
10 + 12.05 22.074 42.971 62.641 81.027 98.068 113.691 127.815 140.343 151.165 160.144
11 + 12.35 23.207 45.296 66.223 85.942 104.401 121.541 137.295 151.588 164.333 175.429 182.598
12 + 12.65 24.287 47.506 69.621 90.591 110.372 128.914 146.162 162.055 176.522 189.485 198.165 210.515
13 + 12.95 25.321 49.619 72.861 95.013 116.036 135.887 154.521 171.885 187.922 202.568 212.596 227.382 237.370
14 + 13.25 26.314 51.645 75.963 99.238 121.435 142.519 162.450 181.183 198.669 214.856 226.107 243.082 254.977 265.279
15 + 13.30 26.476 51.975 76.468 99.925 122.312 143.595 163.734 182.686 200.404 216.836 228.281 245.601 257.794 268.419 270.031
Velocity 7.355 7.219 7.080 6.939 6.795 6.648 6.497 6.343 6.185 6.023 5.899 5.685 5.508 5.326 5.295
Total Discharge through Barrage 2065.154 4054.049 5964.493 7794.116 9540.354 11200.415 12771.252 14249.524 15631.547 16913.240 17805.950 19156.879 20107.947 20936.676 21062.388
1 DESIGN OF UNDER SLUICE BAYS
There are two major flow conditions

1) When Design flood is passing and
2) When flow is at pond level (with all gates open)
i) When Design flood is passing :

U/S design flood level = + 17.890 m

113.500
= 35.582 Cumecs/m
1/3
f
1/3
1.00
= 7.564 m

R
= 35.582
7.564
= 4.704 m/s
2
Velocity Head (V /2g) = 4.704 ^2
2 x 9.810
= 1.128 m

U/S TEL = U/S Water Level + Velocity head
= 17.890 + 1.128
= + 19.018 m

= 17.590 + 1.128
= + 18.718 m

= 19.018 - 18.718
= 0.30 m
Discharge (Q) = C * L * H3/2
Discharge intensity between piers (q) = Q

L
= 4038.537
96.00
= 42.068 Cumecs/m
+ 19.018 U/S TEL
+ 17.890 U/S MFL HL = 0.30
D/S TEL + 18.718
D/S HFL + 17.590
+ 7.200 Crest lvl.
p
The Discharge intensity is increased by 20 %

The New Discharge intensity = 1.20 x 42.07
= 50.482 Cumecs/m
2/3
C
2/3
= 50.482
1.223
= 11.945 m
U/S TEL = Crest level + Head over crest

= 7.200 + 11.945
= + 19.145 m
D/S Retrogression = 0.50 m

D/S HFL = 17.590 - 0.500
= + 17.090 m

= 17.090 + 1.128
= + 18.218 m

= 19.145 - 18.218
= 0.927 m
+ 19.145 U/S TEL

HL = 0.927
D/S TEL + 18.218
+ 7.200 Crest Level
ii) When Pond level flow condition :

U/S Pond level = + 13.300 m

96.000
= 15.942 Cumecs/m
1/3
f
1.00
= 5.474 m

R
= 15.942
5.474
= 2.912 m/s
2 x 9.810
= 0.432 m
U/S TEL = Pond lvl. + Velocity head

= 13.300 + 0.432
U/S TEL = + 13.732 m
D/S TEL = D/S water lvl + Velocity head

= 13.250 + 0.432
D/S TEL = + 13.682 m

= 13.732 - 13.682
= 0.05 m
=
L
= 1530.463
96.00
= 15.94 Cumecs/m
+ 13.732 U/S TEL

+ 13.300 U/S Pond Level 0.432 HL = 0.05
D/S TEL + 13.682
D/S water lvl + 13.250
+ 7.200 Crest Level

The New Discharge intensity (q) = 1.2 x 15.94
= 19.13 Cumecs/m
2/3
Head required for this new Discharge intensity (H) = q
C
2/3
= 19.131
1.100
Head required (He) = 6.711 m

U/S TEL = Crest level + Head reqd.
= 7.200 + 6.711
= + 13.911 m
D/s HFL = 13.25 - 0.500
D/s HFL = + 12.750 m

= 12.750 + 0.432
= + 13.182 m
= 13.911 - 13.182
= 0.728 m
+ 13.911 U/S TEL
HL = 0.728
D/S TEL + 13.182
New head (including velocity head) = 6.711 D/S Water lvl + 12.750
+ 7.200 Crest Level


96.000
= 7.770 Cumecs/m
1/3
f
1.00
= 4.308 m

R
= 7.770
4.308
= 1.804 m/s

2 x 9.810
= 0.166 m

= 13.300 + 0.166
= + 13.466 m

= 11.765 + 0.166
= + 11.931 m

= 13.466 - 11.931
= 1.54 m

=
L
= 745.936
96.00
= 7.770 Cumecs/m
+ 13.466 U/S TEL
+ 13.300 Pond level
HL = 1.535
D/STEL + 11.931
6.266 D/S Water lvl + 11.765
+ 7.200 Crest Level

= 895.123 Cumecs

96.000
= 9.324 Cumecs/m
1/3
f
1.00
= 4.578 m

R
= 9.324
4.578
= 2.037 m/s

2 x 9.810
= 0.211 m
U/S TEL = U/S HFL + velocity head

= 13.300 + 0.211
= + 13.511 m
D/S HFL = 11.765 - 0.800
D/S HFL = + 10.965 m

= 10.965 + 0.211
= + 11.176 m

= 13.511 - 11.176
= 2.335 m
Discharge intensity between piers (q) = 1.200 x 7.77

= 9.324 Cumecs/m
+ 13.511 U/S TEL

HL = 2.335
D/S TEL + 11.176
+ 7.200 Crest Level
p


96.000
= 5.248 Cumecs/m
1/3
f
1/3
1.00
= 3.780 m

R
= 5.248
3.780
= 1.389 m/s

2 x 9.810
= 0.098 m

= 13.300 + 0.098
= + 13.398 m

= 10.965 + 0.098
= + 11.063 m

= 13.398 - 11.063
= 2.34 m

=
L
= 503.848
96.00
= 5.248 Cumecs/m
+ 13.398 U/S TEL

+ 13.300 Pond lvl. HL = 2.335
D/S TEL + 11.063
+ 7.200 Crest Level
p

= 604.618 Cumecs

96.000
= 6.298 Cumecs/m
1/3
f
1.00
= 4.017 m

R
= 6.298
4.017
= 1.568 m/s

2 x 9.810
= 0.125 m

= 13.300 + 0.125
= + 13.425 m

D/S HFL = 10.965 - 1.200
D/S HFL = + 9.765 m

= 9.765 + 0.125
= + 9.890 m
= 13.425 - 9.890
= 3.535 m
+ 13.425 U/S TEL

+ 13.300 HL = 3.535
D/S TEL + 9.890
+ 7.200 Crest Level
iv) When Pond level flood is passing with 0.30m gate opening :


96.000
= 2.658 Cumecs/m
1/3
f
1/3
1.00
= 3.013 m

R
= 2.658
3.013
= 0.882 m/s

2 x 9.810
= 0.040 m

= 13.300 + 0.040
= + 13.340 m

= 10.280 + 0.040
= + 10.320 m

= 13.340 - 10.320
= 3.02 m

=
L
= 255.161
96.00
= 2.658 Cumecs/m
+ 13.340 U/S TEL

+ 13.300 Pond lvl. HL = 3.020
D/S TEL + 10.320
+ 7.200 Crest Level

= 306.193 Cumecs

96.000
= 3.190 Cumecs/m
1/3
f
1.00
= 3.202 m
R
= 3.190
3.202
= 0.996 m/s

2 x 9.810
= 0.051 m

= 13.300 + 0.051
= + 13.351 m
D/S HFL = 10.28 - 1.750
D/S HFL = + 8.530 m

= 8.530 + 0.051
= + 8.581 m
= 13.351 - 8.581
= 4.770 m
+ 13.351 U/S TEL

HL = 4.770
D/S TEL + 8.581
+ 7.200 Crest Level
p
2 Calculation of Cistern Length and Floor level for different discharges
S. No. Item Unit For Design flood flow For Pond level flow For 0.90m Gate opening For 0.60m Gate opening For 0.30m Gate opening
Condition 1(a) Condition 1(b) Condition 2(a) Condition 2(b) Condition 1(a) Condition 1(b) Condition 1(a) Condition 1(b) Condition 1(a) Condition 1(b)
Without Conc. With Conc. Without Conc. With Conc. Without Conc. With Conc. Without Conc. With Conc. Without Conc. With Conc.
& Regtogression & Regtogression & Regtogression & Regtogression & Regtogression & Regtogression & Regtogression & Regtogression & Regtogression & Regtogression
1 Discharge (Q) Cumec 35364.171 42437.005 10581.543 12697.852 745.936 895.123 503.848 604.618 255.161 306.193
2 Discharge intensity (q) Cumec/m 42.068 50.482 15.942 19.131 7.770 9.324 5.248 6.298 2.658 3.190
3 U/S water level m + 17.890 + 17.890 + 13.300 + 13.300 + 13.300 + 13.300 + 13.300 + 13.300 + 13.300 + 13.300
4 D/S water level m + 17.590 + 17.090 + 13.250 + 12.750 + 11.765 + 10.965 + 10.965 + 9.765 + 10.280 + 8.530
5 U/S TEL m + 19.018 + 19.145 + 13.732 + 13.911 + 13.466 + 13.511 + 13.398 + 13.425 + 13.340 + 13.351
6 D/S TEL m + 18.718 + 18.218 + 13.682 + 13.182 + 11.931 + 11.176 + 11.063 + 9.890 + 10.320 + 8.581
7 Head loss (HL) = U/S TEL - D/S TEL m 0.300 0.927 0.050 0.728 1.535 2.335 2.335 3.535 3.020 4.770
8 Critical depth (yc) = (q2/g)1/3 5.650 6.381 2.959 3.341 1.833 2.069 1.411 1.593 0.896 1.012
9 HL/yc 0.231 0.231 0.231 0.231 0.838 1.128 1.655 2.219 3.369 4.713
10 y1/yc (From Graph of IS:4997) 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.458 0.422 0.378 0.346 0.300 0.266
11 Sequent depth (y1) m 3.390 3.828 1.775 2.005 0.839 0.873 0.533 0.551 0.269 0.269
12 Froude Number (Fr) = q / (g *y13) 2.152 2.152 2.152 2.152 3.226 3.648 4.303 4.913 6.086 7.289
13 Sequent depth (y2) = (y1/2) * ( -1 + (8Fr2+1) m 8.759 9.891 4.587 5.180 3.433 4.090 2.989 3.565 2.184 2.644
14 Specific energy (Ef1) = y1 + q2/ (2*g*y12) m 11.238 12.690 5.885 6.646 5.208 6.684 5.470 7.205 5.249 7.422
15 Specific energy (Ef2) = y2 + q2/ (2*g*y22) m 9.935 11.219 5.203 5.875 3.694 4.355 3.147 3.724 2.259 2.718
Level at which Hydraulic Jump will form = D/S TEL -
16 Ef2 m + 8.783 + 6.999 + 8.480 + 7.307 + 8.237 + 6.822 + 7.917 + 6.167 + 8.060 + 5.862
17 Required length of floor = 5 * ( y2 - y1 ) m 26.846 30.315 14.059 15.876 12.967 16.082 12.281 15.067 9.574 11.874
Level at which jump will form = + 5.800 m

Note: Cistern level is provided 0.30m below lowest jump formation level from safety considerations.
Hence, provided cistern floor level = + 5.500 m
Required cistern length = 30.32 m
Provided cistern length = 34.95 m
Design of Under Sluice Bays:
(A) Unbalanced Head for High Flood with Concentration & Retrogresion
+ 17.890
+ 17.730
+ 17.301
+ 7.200 + 17.090
3.828 5.743 5.830 6.498 8.180 9.872 9.891

+ 6.999
0.604 3.828 + 5.500
4.496
5.075
9.571
14.646
19.142
24.217
28.713
34.950
20.05 5.10 34.95
S. No. Distance from Toe of Glacis Ordinate Water Surface lvl.

1 0.00 5.830 + 12.829
2 5.00 5.834 + 12.833
3 10.00 7.363 + 14.362
4 15.00 6.560 + 13.559
5 20.00 9.127 + 16.125
6 25.00 9.874 + 16.872
7 30.00 9.883 + 16.881
8 34.95 9.891 + 16.890
(B) Unbalanced Head for Pond level with Concentration & Retrogresion
+ 13.300
+ 13.190
+ 12.895
+ 12.750
3.007 3.403 3.418 4.284 5.170 5.180 5.180 5.180

+ 7.307
+ 7.200 0.107
2.005
+ 5.500
5.012
5.10
10.024
15.036
20.049
25.061
20.05 5.10 34.95
(C) Unbalanced Head for no flow condition with Pond level
+ 13.300
+ 11.740
+ 7.200 + 7.561
4.491 4.143 3.796 3.448 3.100 2.753 2.405 2.061
+ 5.500
5.10 5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
20.05 5.10 34.95

3 Design of Basin Appurtenances
Ref: EM 1110-2-1605- Hydraulic Design of Naviagation Dams

Note: For all the flow condtions, Hydraulic Jump is forming on glacis. Hence basin blocks are not required. But for single gate opening with
minimu tail water on d/s, then baffles are required to dissipates the energy as per cl. 5.9(e) above reference.
A) BAFFLE BLOCKS
Height of baffle blocks (hb) = y1 * ( 0.436 * Fr - 0.357) <= 0.30 * y2
Note: The above eqation is used for froude number between 2.5 to 4.5.
Baffle height for different gate openings with concentration & Retrogression
Gate opening height y1 hb y2 hb = 0.3 * y2

S. No. Froude No.
m m m m m
1 0.30 7.289 0.269 0.760 2.644 0.793
2 0.60 4.913 0.551 0.984 3.565 1.069
3 0.90 3.648 0.873 1.077 4.090 1.227
4 Fully open 2.152 2.005 1.165 5.180 1.554
Max. Height of baffle block (hb) = 1.165 m

or say 1.200 m
Distance of first row of baffles from toe of glacis = 1.30 x 5.18 (For gates fully open condition)
= 6.734 m
or say 7.000 m
Distance b/w first & second row of baffles = 2.00 x 1.17

= 2.330 m
or say 2.400 m
The Top width of basin block = 0.20 x hb

= 0.200 x 1.200
0.24 m say 0.25 m
Clearance from the side wall = 0.375 x hb

= 0.375 x 1.200
0.45 say 0.50 m
Clear spacing b/w basin blocks = 0.75 x hb

= 0.75 x 1.200
0.90 say 1.00 m
Width of basin blocks = 0.75 x hb

= 0.75 x 1.200
0.90 say 1.00 m
No. of basin blocks = 11
B) END SILL
Height of End sill (hs) = 0.2 x y2
= 0.2 x 2.644
= 0.600 m
RL of Lip = 5.500 + 0.600

= + 6.100 m
The Top width of End sill = 0.02 x y2

= 0.02 x 2.644
= 0.10 m say 0.50 m
4 GLACIS
The crest width = 6.35 m
D/S slope = 3: 1
Cistern Level = + 5.500 m
Crest Level = + 7.200 m
U/S Floor Level = + 7.200 m

Length of D/S slope portion of glacis = 7.200 - 5.500 x 3.000
= 5.100 m
+26.710
Stoplog Hoist Platform Bridge Top

+22.010 3.50 +22.010
TBL +20.610 TBL
+20.310
MWL 4.50
+17.890 Stoplog groove 13.00
TWL
FRL +17.590
+13.300
Flow 10.050 1.25

300 Thk. WC 1.25 Gate
+7.20 +7.20 Crest
D/S
+ 5.90 3 :1
300 Thk. WC
0.60 +7.000
E1 C1 +5.500
2.45
3.00
D1 3.55 +2.200 +2.750
+2.70 +1.650
E2 C2
10.050 5.100 10.00 10.00 14.95
D2
-1.500
10.00 15.15 34.95
60.10
TYPICAL SECTION OF BARRAGE
5 SHEET PILE LEVEL CALCULATIONS
i. At Upstream side :

= 4846.244 Cumecs
1/3

f
1/3
1.00
= 8.038 m
Max Scour depth = 1.25 * Mean Scour depth
Max Scour depth = 1.250 x x 8.038
= 10.048 m

Max. Scour level = + 17.890 - 10.048
= 7.84 m
Depth of Scour below U/S bed = U/S bed level - Max . Scour level
= 7.200 -7.84
= -0.64 m
say 4.500 m
Minimum depth below river bed level = (Water depth / 3) + 0.60
= 3.563 + 0.600
= 4.163 m
Say 4.500 m
Bottom level of U/S Sheet pile provided = 7.20 - 4.500

= + 2.700 m
ii. At Downstream side:

= 4846.244 Cumecs
1/3

f

1/3

1.00
= 8.038 m
Max. Scour depth = 1.5 * Mean Scour depth

Max Scour depth = 1.50 x 8.038
= 12.057 m
D/S Retrogressed Water Level = + 17.090 m

Max. Scour level = 17.090 - 12.057
= 5.033 m
Depth of scour below D/S bed = Cistern level - Max. Scour level
= 5.500 - 5.033
= 0.467 m
or say 7.00 m (From Exit Gradient Consideration)
Minimum depth below river bed level = (Water depth / 2) + 0.60

= 6.045 + 0.600
= 6.645 m
Say 7.000 m
Bottom level of D/S Sheet pile provided = 5.500 - 7.000

= -1.500 m
6 LENGTH OF IMPERVIOUS FLOOR / EXIT GRADIENT (GE)
Depth of D/S cut-off below bed level (d) = 7.000 m

Max. Head acting (H) = 13.300 - 5.500
= 7.800 m
Horizontal Impervious floor length from U/S to D/S (b) = U/S floor length + U/S glacis length + Crest width + D/S glacis length + Cistern
length
= 10.00 + 10.050 + 5.100 + 34.950

= 60.10 m
Permissible Exit Gradient = 1 in 6

= 0.167
α = b/d
= 60.100
7.000
= 8.586
λ = 1+ ( 1 + α2)
2
= 1+ (1 + 8.586 ^2)
2
= 4.822
H/d = 7.800
7.000
= 1.114
Exit Gradient (GE) = 1 * H

π × √λ d
Exit Gradient (GE) = 1

x 1.114
3.142 x 4.822
= 0.162 <= 0.167

HENCE OK
7 UPLIFT PRESURES
(1) For U/S Pile No. 1 :

Depth of U/s pile line (d) = 4.50 m
E1 C1
α = b/d = 60.100
4.500
= 13.36
λ = 1 + (1+α2) D1
2
= 7.199
φE = 1 * Cos -1 λ-2
Π λ
= 0.243
= 24.40 %
φC1 = 100 - φE
= 100 - 24.4
= 75.6 %
φD = 1 * Cos -1 λ-1
Π λ
φD = 0.170
= 17.00 %
φD1 = 100 - φD
= 100 - 17.00
= 83.0 %
φC1 is corrected for the following three corrections as below:

Correction for φC1
(a) Correction at C1 for Mutual Interference of piles.
φC1 is affected by D/S Pile No : 2
b' b
Where
= 5.900 -1.500
= 7.40 m
= 7.200 2.700
= 4.50 m
b' = C/C Distance between two piles
= 59.50 m
= 60.10 m

59.50 60.10
= 1.33 %
Since the point 'C1' is in the rear in the direction of flow, The correction is +ve.
Correction due to pile interferece on' C1' = 1.33 % ( + ve )
(b) Correction at C1 due to Thickness of floor

C1' +7.200
The pressure at C1 shall be more than C1' because the direction of flow is C1 to C1'. 1.30 +5.900
Hence correction is +ve E1 C1
+7.200 ---- 75.60 flow

+5.900 ?
2.700 ---- 83.00 D1 2.700
83.0 -75.6 x 7.20 - 5.90

Correction =
7.200 2.700
= 2.14 % ( + ve )
(c) Correction at C1 due to slope

Correction due to slope at C1 is nil, as this point is neither situated at the start nor at the end of slope
Therefore,
Corrected φC1 = 75.60 + 1.33 + 2.14
= 80.0 %
φD1 = 83.0 %
(2) For D/S Pile No. 2

Depth of D/S pile line (d) = 7.00 m
α = b/d = 60.100 E2 C2
7.000
= 8.59
D2
λ = 1 + (1+α2)
2
= 4.824
φE = 1 * Cos -1 λ-2
Π λ
= 0.301
φE2 = 30.10 %
φD = 1 * Cos -1 λ-1
Π λ
φD = 0.209
φD2 = 20.90 %
φE2 is corrected for the following three corrections as below:
Correction for φE2
(a) Correction at E2 for Mutual Interference of piles.
φE2 is affected by U/S Pile No. 1
b' b
Where
= 2.750 - 2.700
= 0.05 m
= 5.500 -1.500
= 7.00 m
b' = Distance between two piles
= 59.50 m
= 60.10 m

59.50 60.10
= 0.06 %
Since the point E2 is in the Forward in the direction of flow, The correction is -ve
Correction due to pile interferece on E2 = 0.06 % ( - ve )
(b) Correction at E2 due to Thickness of floor

Thickness of floor = 2.75 m including 300 thk. WC.
+5.500 E2'
The pressure at E2 shall be Less than E2' because +2.750 2.75
the direction of flow is from E2' to E2. Hence correction is -ve E2 C2
+5.500 ---- 30.1 flow
+2.750 ?
-1.500 ---- 20.9
D2 -1.500
30.10 -20.90 x 5.50 - 2.75

Correction =
5.500 -1.500
Correction = 3.61 % ( - ve )
(c) Correction at E2 due to slope
Correction due to slope at E2 is nil, as this point is neither situated at the start nor at the end of slope.
Therefore
Corrected φE2 = 30.1 - 0.06 - 3.61
φE2 = 26.42 %
φD2 = 20.90 %
UPLIFT PRESSURES
Upstream Pile No. 1 Downstream Pile No. 2

φE1 = 100.00 % φE2 = 26.42 %
φD1 = 83.00 % φD2 = 20.90 %
φC1 = 80.0 % φC2 = 0.00 %
ELEVATION OF SUB SOIL HYDRAULIC GRADIENT LINES
Condition
U/S D/S Water level Head (m) Height / Elevation of Sub Soil H.G. Line above datum
Water Upstream Pile No. 1 Downstream Pile No. 2
level φE1 φD1 φC1 φE2 φD2 φC2
100.00 83.00 80.00 26.42 20.90 0.00
1 No Flow, Maximum static head
7.800 6.474 6.240 2.061 1.630 0.000
+ 13.300 + 5.500 7.800
+ 13.300 + 11.974 + 11.740 + 7.561 + 7.130 + 5.500
2 High flood with Concentration and Retrogression

0.800 0.664 0.640 0.211 0.167 0.000
+ 17.890 + 17.090 0.800
+ 17.890 + 17.754 + 17.730 + 17.301 + 17.257 + 17.090
3 Flow at Pond level with Concentration and Retrogression

0.550 0.457 0.440 0.145 0.115 0.000
+ 13.300 + 12.750 0.550
+ 13.300 + 13.207 + 13.190 + 12.895 + 12.865 + 12.750
8 CALCULATION OF HYDRAULIC JUMP PROFILE

(A) PRE JUMP PROFILE
S. No. Distance from the Starting Glacis level High flood flow Pond level flow
of Glacis (3:1) With Concentration & Regtogression With Concentration & Regtogression
for q = 50.482 cumec/m for q = 19.131 cumec/m
(Ef1) = U/S
(Ef1) = U/S TEL (y1) from Water Profile = (y1) from Water Profile = Glacis lvl. +
TEL - Glacis
- Glacis level fromula Glacis lvl. + y1 fromula y1
lvl.
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
1 0.00 + 7.200 11.945 - - Hydraulic Jump level = + 7.307
2 0.604 + 6.999 12.146 3.828 +10.827 Hydraulic Jump is forming above crest level.
(B) POST JUMP PROFILE
S. No. High flood flow Pond level flow

With Concentration & Regtogression With Concentration & Regtogression
for y1 = 3.828 m for y1 = 2.005 m
Fr2 = 4.630 Fr2 = 4.630
x y Water x y Water
y1 y1 Surface y1 y1 Surface
x y x y
Profile for Profile for
from plate 10.3 (a) from plate 10.3 (a)
HFL Pond lvl.
1 0.00 1.00 0.00 3.828 + 10.827 0.00 1.000 0.000 2.005 + 10.484
2 1.00 1.50 3.828 5.743 + 12.741 1.00 1.500 2.005 3.007 + 11.487
3 2.50 1.70 9.571 6.498 + 13.496 2.50 1.70 5.012 3.403 + 11.882
4 5.00 2.14 19.142 8.180 + 15.178 5.00 2.14 10.024 4.284 + 12.763
5 7.50 2.58 28.713 9.872 + 16.871 7.50 2.58 15.036 5.170 + 13.649
6 10.00 2.66 38.284 10.184 + 17.183 10.00 2.66 20.049 5.333 + 13.813
7 12.50 2.70 47.855 10.335 + 17.334 12.50 2.70 25.061 5.412 + 13.892
8 20.00 2.79 40.097 5.180 + 13.660
MWL +17.890
FRL + 13.300 High flood flow

10.690 Pond level flow TWL
+17.590
Crest level +7.20
+ 13.250
1.30
3 :1
0.60 +7.000
E1 C1 +5.500
3.00 2.45
3.55
0.60
D1 10.00 10.00 14.95
2.70 E2 C2
10.00 10.05 5.10 34.95
60.10
D2
-1.500
9 Thickness of Floor for Uplift Pressures
(a) High flood with concentration and Retrogression


Length of floor between U/S and D/S Pile Lines = 60.10 m
Maximum Unbalanced head (Hu) = Ordinate of HGL - Ordinate of water profile

= 17.551 - 6.999 + 5.830
Hu = 4.721 m
(2/3) * Hu = 3.148 m
Thickness of floor required = 3.148

( 2.40 - 1.0 )
= 2.25 m
Required Thk. with Provided

S. No. Description HGL Water lvl. Head (Hu) 2/3 *(Hu)
Thick. 10% extra Thick.
1 Distance from Toe of glacis 0.00 + 17.551 + 12.829 4.721 3.148 2.25 2.47 2.50
(b) No Flow , Maximum static head

Length between U/S and D/S Pile Line = 60.10 m
Required Provided
S. No. Description HGL Water lvl Head (Hu) Thick. Thk. with 10% extra Thick.
10 PROTECTION WORKS
(a) U/S SIDE CC BLOCKS

Depth of scour below U/S bed (D) = 4.500 m
U/S side block protection =1.5 * D = 1.50 x 4.500
= 6.75 m
Provide 5.0 rows of 1.50 x 1.50 x 0.90 m CC blocks with 7.5 cm gaps on U/S
So, The length of CC blocks = 7.90 m
(b) D/S SIDE CC BLOCKS

Depth of scour below D/S bed = 7.00 m
D/S side block protection =1.5 * D = 1.50 x 7.000
= 10.50 m
Provide 7.0 rows of 1.50 x 1.50 x 0.90 m CC blocks with 7.5 cm gaps on D/S
over inverted filter of thick 1.00 m and 1.20 m wide curtain wall
and 6 rows of 1.50 x 1.50 x 0.90 m CC blocks over stone spawls
0.6 m thk
So, The length of CC blocks = 11.10 m over inverted filter and
and 1.2 m wide curtain wall
So, The length of CC blocks = 9.50 m over stone spawls
0.60 m thk
(c) U/S SIDE LOOSE STONE PROTECTION


= 2.236 x D
= 2.236 x 4.50
= 10.06 m
say 11.00 m

= 13.200 Cum

1.5
Length of launching apron = 9.0 m on U/S.
(d) D/S SIDE LOOSE STONE PROTECTION

= 2.236 x D
= 2.236 7
= 15.65 m
say 16.00 m

= 19.200 Cum

1.5
Length of launching apron = 13.0 m on D/S

Discharge through Under Sluice bays with different gate openings
Design Data:
FRL = + 13.30 m
Crest level = + 7.20 m
Width of each bay = 12.00 m
No. of vents = 8.0
Height from FRL to Crest level = 6.10 m
Discharge (Q) = Cd* B * G0 * sqrt (2 * g * He)

where
B = Bay width = 12.00 m
Cd = Co-efficient of discharge = It is varies from 0.62 To 0.82.
Avg. 'Cd' value = 0.82
G0 = Gate opening
He = Head from Reservoir level to centre of gate opening
Gate lifting Elevation Discharge through gate opening under in 'm'

S. No.
m 0.30 0.60 0.90 1.20 1.50 1.80 2.10 2.40 2.70 3.00 3.225 3.60 3.90 4.20 4.50 4.80 5.10 5.40 5.70 6.10
1 + 7.50 5.064
2 + 7.80 8.771 14.324
3 + 8.10 11.324 20.257 26.314
4 + 8.40 13.399 24.809 33.972 40.514
5 + 8.70 15.193 28.647 40.196 49.619 56.620
6 + 9.00 16.796 32.029 45.578 57.295 66.993 74.428
7 + 9.30 18.259 35.086 50.388 64.058 75.963 85.942 93.790
8 + 9.60 19.614 37.897 54.778 70.172 83.980 96.087 106.348 114.590
9 + 9.90 20.880 40.514 58.841 75.794 91.296 105.258 117.573 128.115 136.734
10 + 10.20 22.074 42.971 62.641 81.027 98.068 113.691 127.815 140.343 151.165 160.144
11 + 10.50 23.207 45.296 66.223 85.942 104.401 121.541 137.295 151.588 164.333 175.429 182.598
12 + 10.80 24.287 47.506 69.621 90.591 110.372 128.914 146.162 162.055 176.522 189.485 198.165 210.515
13 + 11.10 25.321 49.619 72.861 95.013 116.036 135.887 154.521 171.885 187.922 202.568 212.596 227.382 237.370
14 + 11.40 26.314 51.645 75.963 99.238 121.435 142.519 162.450 181.183 198.669 214.856 226.107 243.082 254.977 265.279
15 + 11.70 27.272 53.595 78.943 103.290 126.605 148.857 170.010 190.026 208.864 226.478 238.856 257.827 271.443 283.596 294.204
16 + 12.00 28.196 55.476 81.815 107.189 131.572 154.935 177.247 198.476 218.584 237.532 250.957 271.774 286.967 300.799 313.204 324.109
17 + 12.30 29.092 57.295 84.589 110.951 136.358 160.784 184.201 206.580 227.889 248.094 262.501 285.039 301.692 317.070 331.116 343.770 354.964
18 + 12.60 29.960 59.058 87.275 114.590 140.982 166.427 190.901 214.378 236.830 258.225 273.559 297.713 315.732 332.545 348.107 362.365 375.264 386.741
19 + 12.90 30.804 60.770 89.881 118.117 145.458 171.885 197.374 221.902 245.444 267.973 284.186 309.870 329.173 347.332 364.306 380.052 394.521 407.661 419.413
16 + 13.30 31.895 62.981 93.242 122.661 151.221 178.903 205.688 231.555 256.481 280.443 297.767 325.373 346.285 366.120 384.846 402.427 418.821 433.988 447.879 464.327
Velocity 8.860 8.747 8.634 8.518 8.401 8.283 8.162 8.040 7.916 7.790 7.694 7.532 7.399 7.264 7.127 6.987 6.843 6.697 6.548 6.343
Total Discharge through Barrage 255.161 503.848 745.936 981.290 1209.770 1431.228 1645.506 1852.439 2051.848 2243.545 2382.136 2602.983 2770.277 2928.963 3078.772 3219.413 3350.572 3471.905 3583.036 3714.620
TYPICAL SHEET PILE (Cut-off) CALCULATIONS FOR BARRAGE BAYS
(1) U/S Sheet Pile Calculations for Minimum Embedment depth
i. Input Data :
Maximum estimated intensity of discharge (q) = 33.468 cumecs/m
Intensity of discharge with 20 % concentration = 40.161 cumecs/m
Provided scour level = -2.300 m
Unit weight of soil = 20 kN/m3

Unit weight of concrete = 24 kN/m3
Unit weight of water = 10 kN/m3
Angle of Internal friction of soil (φ) = 30 deg.
Co-efficient of Active Earth Pressure (ka) = 1 - Sin φ

1 + Sinφ
= 0.333
Co-efficient of Passive Earth Pressure (ka) = 1 + Sin φ

1 - Sinφ
= 3.000
ii. Design :
+ 7.200 Top floor lvl.
1.300
h1
+ 5.900 Bottom floor lvl. 6.07
A
h 8.200
27.333
-2.300 Scour lvl.

33.400
a = 1.260
y = 7.400 B
y - a = 6.140
-9.700
162.759
i. Calculation of Surcharge Pressure

Surcharge height = 1.30 m
Surcharge Pressure = 0.333 x ( 24.0 - 10.00 ) x 1.30

= 6.067 kN/m2
ii. Calculation of Active Earth Pressure
Active Earth Pressure ( submerged soil) at EL = -2.300 m
= 0.333 x ( 20.0 - 10.00 ) x 8.200
= 27.333 kN/m2
Total Pressure at EL -2.300 = 6.07 + 27.333

= 33.400 kN/m2
Rate of Change Pressure (K) = ( kp - ka ) x γsub

= ( 3.0 - 0.333 ) x 10.000
= 26.667 kN/m2
Hence (a ) = 33.400
26.667
a = 1.26 m
Considering the pile to be a simply supported beam between A & B
RA + RB = 6.067 x 8.200 + 0.5 x 27.333 x 8.200
+ 0.5 x 33.400 x 1.260
= 182.855 kN
Taking moments about 'A'
RB x 8.2 + 1.260 = 49.747 x 4.10 + 112.067 x 5.47

+ 21.042 x 8.62
RB x 9.460 = 997.974
RB = 997.9745
9.46
= 105.50 kN
RA = 182.9 - 105.500
RA = 77.40 kN
Let the minimum penetration required be ' y ' metres below scour level.
Taking moment about the bottom of sheet pile.
( RB * ( y -a )) / K = (y-a)3
6
RB = K* (y-a)2
6
(y-a) = 6 * RB
K
= 6 x 105.500
26.667
(y-a) = 4.872
y = 4.872 + a
= 4.872 + 1.260
y = 6.132 m
Allowing 20 % extra embedment in sandy material ( as suggested in Yawatta sheet piling literature)
y required = 7.400 m
Scour Level = -2.300 m
Bottom level of sheet pile = -2.300 - 7.400 )
= -9.700
Bottom level of sheet pile = -9.700 m
To find Bending Moment (M max) :
Let Max. B.M, be ' z ' below A
MMax = 77.400 z - 6.067 z2 27.333 *z * z2

2 8.200 3
MMax = 77.400 z - 3.033 z2 - 1.111 z3
y = 77.400 z - 3.033 z2 - 1.111 z3
dy = 77.400 - 6.067 z - 3.333 z2 = 0

dz
Roots of a Quadratic equation :
1 * z2 + 1.8 *z + -23.2 = 0
Roots are 3.99 -5.81
Maximum Bending moment is at 4.00 m below A.
Hence maximum bending moment
M Max = 77.400 * z - 3.033 * z2 - 1.111 * z3

= 309.127 - 48.385 - 71.111
= 189.631 kN - m
Permissible bending stress (σ) = 150 N/mm2

= 150000 kN/m2
Z required = M
σ
= 189.631
150000
3
Z required = 0.0013 m / m run of wall of pile line.
= 1.264E+06 mm3 / m run of wall of pile line.
2. Design of RCC Cut-off wall :
Grade of concrete = M 25
Grade of steel = Fe 500
2
Permissible bending stress (σcbc) = 8.5 N/mm
2
Permissible stress in steel (σst) = 130 N/mm
m = 10.98
k = 0.418
j = 0.861
Q = 1.529
Required Effective depth = 189.631 x 10 ^6

1.529 x 1000.0
= 352.203 mm
Provided Effective depth = 600 - 50.00 - 10.00

= 540.0 mm
Hence OK.
Required area of steel = 189.631 x 10 ^6

130.000 x 0.861 x 540.0
= 3138.494 mm2
Minimum Area of steel = 0.1% b*D
2
Min. Ast = 600.000 mm
Provide Design Reinforcement.
Provide 20 mm dia. bars.
Area of one bar = 314.159 mm2
Spacing = 314.159 x 1000.0

3138.494
= 100.099 mm
or say 100.000
Provide 20 mm dia. bars @ 100 mm c/c.
Provided area of steel = 3141.593 mm2
(1) D/S Sheet Pile Calculations for Minimum Embedment depth
i. Input Data :
Anticipated scour level = -6.800 m


1 + Sinφ
= 0.333

1 - Sinφ
= 3.000
ii. Design :
2.750
h1
A
h 9.750
32.500
-6.800 Scour lvl.

45.333
a = 1.700
y = 9.700 B
y - a = 8.000
-16.500
213.333


= 12.833 kN/m2
Pressure = 0.333 x ( 20.0 - 10.00 ) x 9.750
= 32.500 kN/m2

= 45.333 kN/m2

= ( 3.0 - 0.333 ) x 10.000
= 26.667 kN/m2
Hence (a ) = 45.333
26.667
a = 1.70 m
RA + RB = 12.833 x 9.750 + 0.5 x 32.500 x 9.750
+ 0.5 x 45.333 x 1.700
= 322.096 kN
RB x 9.75 + 1.700 = 125.125 x 4.88 + 158.438 x 6.50

+ 38.533 x 10.32
RB x 11.450 = 2037.364
RB = 2037.364
11.45
= 178.00 kN
RA = 322.1 - 178.000
RA = 144.10 kN
( RB * ( y -a )) / K = (y-a)3
6
RB = K* (y-a)2
6
(y-a) = 6 * RB
K
= 6 x 178.000
26.667
(y-a) = 6.329
y = 6.329 + a
= 6.329 + 1.700
y = 8.029 m
Bottom level of sheet pile = -6.800 - 9.700 )
= -16.500
MMax = 144.100 z - 12.833 z2 32.500 *z * z2

2 9.750 3
MMax = 144.100 z - 6.417 z2 - 1.111 z3
y = 144.100 z - 6.417 z2 - 1.111 z3
dy = 144.100 - 12.833 z - 3.333 z2 = 0

dz
1 * z2 + 3.9 *z + -43.2 = 0
M Max = 144.100 * z - 6.417 * z2 - 1.111 * z3

= 709.831 - 155.701 - 133.137
= 420.993 kN - m

= 150000 kN/m2
Z required = M
σ
= 420.993
150000
3
2
2
m = 10.98
k = 0.418
j = 0.861
Q = 1.529

1.529 x 1000.0
= 524.779 mm

= 534.0 mm
Hence OK.

130.000 x 0.861 x 534.0
= 7045.959 mm2
2
Min. Ast = 600.000 mm
Spacing = 804.248 x 1000.0

7045.959
= 114.143 mm
or say 100.000
TYPICAL SHEET PILE (Cut-off) CALCULATIONS FOR UNDER SLUICE BAYS
(1) U/S Sheet Pile Calculations for Minimum Embedment depth
i. Input Data :
Provided scour level = + 2.700 m


1 + Sinφ
= 0.333

1 - Sinφ
= 3.000
ii. Design :
1.300
h1
A
h 3.200
10.667
+ 2.700 Scour lvl.

16.733
a = 0.630
y = 3.500 B
y - a = 2.870
-0.800
76.230


= 6.067 kN/m2
Active Earth Pressure ( submerged soil) at EL = 2.700 m
= 0.333 x ( 20.0 - 10.00 ) x 3.200
= 10.667 kN/m2
Total Pressure at EL 2.700 = 6.07 + 10.667

= 16.733 kN/m2

= ( 3.0 - 0.333 ) x 10.000
= 26.667 kN/m2
Hence (a ) = 16.733
26.667
a = 0.63 m
RA + RB = 6.067 x 3.200 + 0.5 x 10.667 x 3.200
+ 0.5 x 16.733 x 0.630
= 41.751 kN
RB x 3.2 + 0.630 = 19.413 x 1.60 + 17.067 x 2.13

+ 5.271 x 3.41
RB x 3.830 = 85.444
RB = 85.44433
3.83
= 22.40 kN
RA = 41.8 - 22.400
RA = 19.40 kN
( RB * ( y -a )) / K = (y-a)3
6
RB = K* (y-a)2
6
(y-a) = 6 * RB
K
= 6 x 22.400
26.667
(y-a) = 2.245
y = 2.245 + a
= 2.245 + 0.630
y = 2.875 m
Scour Level = 2.700 m
Bottom level of sheet pile = 2.700 - 3.500 )
= -0.800
MMax = 19.400 z - 6.067 z2 10.667 *z * z2

2 3.200 3
MMax = 19.400 z - 3.033 z2 - 1.111 z3
y = 19.400 z - 3.033 z2 - 1.111 z3
dy = 19.400 - 6.067 z - 3.333 z2 = 0

dz
1 * z2 + 1.8 *z + -5.8 = 0
M Max = 19.400 * z - 3.033 * z2 - 1.111 * z3

= 32.367 - 8.443 - 5.175
= 18.748 kN - m

= 150000 kN/m2
Z required = M
σ
= 18.748
150000
3
2
2
m = 10.98
k = 0.418
j = 0.861
Q = 1.529

1.529 x 1000.0
= 110.744 mm

= 542.0 mm
Hence OK.

130.000 x 0.861 x 542.0
= 309.153 mm2
2
Min. Ast = 600.000 mm
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Spacing = 201.062 x 1000.0

600.000
= 335.103 mm
or say 200.000
(1) D/S Sheet Pile Calculations for Minimum Embedment depth
i. Input Data :
Anticipated scour level = -1.500 m


1 + Sinφ
= 0.333

1 - Sinφ
= 3.000
ii. Design :
2.750
h1
A
h 4.450
14.833
-1.500 Scour lvl.

27.667
a = 1.040
y = 5.500 B
y - a = 4.460
-7.000
118.647


= 12.833 kN/m2
Pressure = 0.333 x ( 20.0 - 10.00 ) x 4.450
= 14.833 kN/m2

= 27.667 kN/m2

= ( 3.0 - 0.333 ) x 10.000
= 26.667 kN/m2
Hence (a ) = 27.667
26.667
a = 1.04 m
RA + RB = 12.833 x 4.450 + 0.5 x 14.833 x 4.450
+ 0.5 x 27.667 x 1.040
= 104.499 kN
RB x 4.45 + 1.040 = 57.108 x 2.23 + 33.004 x 2.97

+ 14.387 x 4.80
RB x 5.490 = 293.986
RB = 293.9864
5.49
= 53.60 kN
RA = 104.5 - 53.600
RA = 50.90 kN
( RB * ( y -a )) / K = (y-a)3
6
RB = K* (y-a)2
6
(y-a) = 6 * RB
K
= 6 x 53.600
26.667
(y-a) = 3.473
y = 3.473 + a
= 3.473 + 1.040
y = 4.513 m
Bottom level of sheet pile = -1.500 - 5.500
= -7.000
MMax = 50.900 z - 12.833 z2 14.833 *z * z2

2 4.450 3
MMax = 50.900 z - 6.417 z2 - 1.111 z3
y = 50.900 z - 6.417 z2 - 1.111 z3
dy = 50.900 - 12.833 z - 3.333 z2 = 0

dz
1 * z2 + 3.9 *z + -15.3 = 0
M Max = 50.900 * z - 6.417 * z2 - 1.111 * z3

= 123.743 - 37.924 - 16.141
= 69.678 kN - m

= 150000 kN/m2
Z required = M
σ
= 69.678
150000
3
2
2
m = 10.98
k = 0.418
j = 0.861
Q = 1.529

1.529 x 1000.0
= 213.495 mm

= 542.0 mm
Hence OK.

130.000 x 0.861 x 542.0
= 1148.956 mm2
2
Min. Ast = 600.000 mm
Spacing = 201.062 x 1000.0

1148.956
= 174.995 mm
or say 150.000
DESIGN OF GUIDE BUND
Design Data :
Maximum flood discharge (Q) = 35099.20 cumecs
Maximum flood level (MFL) for 100 year flood = + 17.890 m
Top bund level (TBL) = + 20.610 m
Avg. River bed level = + 7.200 m
Length of barrage (L) = 1244.50 m
Maximum Velocity in the river = 3.00 m/sec
Mean diameter of river bed material (dm) = 0.30 mm
Embankment slopes (Inner) = 2.0 :1
Embankment slopes (Outer) = 2.0 :1
Angle of sloping embankment = 26.565 deg.
Angle of repose of protection material (φ) = 30 deg.
2. Design:
i. Calculation of U/S & D/S Guide bunds Length
Length of U/S Guide bund = 0.25 * L = 311.125 m
or say = 350 m
Length of D/S Guide bund = 0.40 * L = 497.8 m

or say = 500 m
ii. Calculation of D/S Guide bund Radius

Radius of D/S curved bund (Rd) = (0.45*L) /2 = 280.013 m
or say = 300 m
iii. Calculation of Boulder weight
Weight of boulders (w) 0.02323 * Ss* V6

=
K * (Ss - 1)3
where
Co-efficient (K) = 1- Sin 2θ

Sin 2φ
= 0.447
Specific gravity of stones (Ss) = 2.65

Velovity in river (V) = 3.00 m/sec
Weight of boulders (w) = 22.34 kg
iv. Calculation of Boulder Size

1/3
Size of boulders = 0.124 * W
Ss
= 0.252 m
or say 0.30 m
v. Calculation of Boulder thickness
Thickness of pitching (T) for Negative head criteria = V2

2 * g * (Ss-1)
= 0.278 m
Provided, thickness of pitching = 2 * T = 0.556 m

or say 0.60 m
vi. Design of Launching Apron
1/3
Scour depth (D)= 0.475*(Q/f)^1/3 = 0.475 * Q
f
= 15.552 m
Maximum Scour depth below MFL (Dmax) = 2D to 2.5 D

Adopted 2D = 31.104 m
Scour level from MFL = 17.890 - 31.104

= -13.21 m
Scour depth below river bed level = 7.200 -13.214

= 20.414 m
Width of launching apron = 1.50 x 20.414

= 30.622 m
or say 35.00 m
Thickness of launching apron = 1.5* Thickness of pitching

= 0.90 m
7.50 TBL + 20.610

MFL
+ 17.890
2.0 :1
2.0 :1 600 mm Thk. Stone Pitching
900 mm Thk. River bed meteiral fill
+ 7.200 Bed level

35.00
Launching Apron 150 Thk. Sand filter
CROSS SECTION
DESIGN OF LAUNCHING APRON FOR TIE BUND
Design Data :
Maximum flood discharge (Q) = 35099.20 cumecs
Design flood discharge = 0.40 * Q = 14039.68 cumecs
Top bund level (TBL) = + 20.610 m
Avg. River bed level = + 7.200 m
Length of barrage (L) = 1244.50 m
Maximum Velocity in the river = 2.00 m/sec
Embankment slopes (Inner) = 2.0 :1
Embankment slopes (Outer) = 2.0 :1
Angle of sloping embankment = 26.565 deg.
Angle of repose of protection material (φ) = 30 deg.
2. Design:
i. Calculation of Boulder weight
Weight of boulders (w) 0.02323 * Ss* V6

=
K * (Ss - 1)3
where
Co-efficient (K) = 1- Sin 2θ

Sin 2φ
= 0.447
Specific gravity of stones (Ss) = 2.65

Velovity in river (V) = 2.00 m/sec
Weight of boulders (w) = 1.96 kg
ii. Calculation of Boulder Size

1/3
Size of boulders = 0.124 * W
Ss
= 0.112 m
or say 0.15 m
iii. Calculation of Boulder thickness
Thickness of pitching (T) for Negative head criteria = V2

2 * g * (Ss-1)
= 0.124 m
Provided, thickness of pitching = 2 * T = 0.247 m

or say 0.30 m
iv. Design of Launching Apron
1/3
Scour depth (D)= 0.475*(Q/f)^1/3 = 0.475 * Q
f
= 11.459 m
Maximum Scour depth (Dmax) = 0.50 D to 1 D
Adopted 0.5 D = 5.729 m
Width of launching apron = 1.00 x 5.729

= 8.594 m
or say 10.00 m
Thickness of launching apron = 1.5* Thickness of pitching

= 0.45 m
12.00 TBL + 20.610

MFL
+ 17.890
2.0 :1
2.0 :1 300 mm Thk. Stone Pitching
450 mm Thk. Homogenious Solis
+ 7.200 Bed level

10.00
Launching Apron 150 Thk. Sand filter
CROSS SECTION

01 Interim Report Barrage

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01 Interim Report Barrage

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Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Construction of 2 New Barrages June, 2021

across Krishna River viz.,1) at 12kms downstream of Prakasam Barrage Revision R0

1. Chapter-1 (Introducion)…………………………………………………….... 01-04

2. Chapter-2 (Survey & Invesigaions) …………………………..……..…. 05-71

3. Chapter-3 (Hydrology)……………………………………………………….…. 72-87

4. Chapter-4 (Hydraulic Design of Barrage)…...……………………….… 88-118

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