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Campos escalares

Tema 2
Andrés Jiménez Losada
GIC 1º
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

Campos escalares

Campo escalar.

Un campo escalar es una aplicación f : U ✓ Rn ! R


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Z
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f da la temperatura, densidad, masa, altura....


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<latexit sha1_base64="zMT/Cd97Gx5fJmfydwAGI0KEgRQ=">AAAB63icbZDNSgMxFIUz/tb6V3XpJliECqXMSFGXBTcuK/QP26Fk0kwbmmSG5I44lj6FrkTd+Ta+gG9jWmehrWf15Z4TuOcGseAGXPfLWVldW9/YzG3lt3d29/YLB4ctEyWasiaNRKQ7ATFMcMWawEGwTqwZkYFg7WB8PfPb90wbHqkGpDHzJRkqHnJKwI7uGqWHclp+LMNZv1B0K+5ceBm8DIooU71f+OwNIppIpoAKYkzXc2PwJ0QDp4JN873EsJjQMRmyrkVFJDP+ZL7xFJ+GkcYwYnj+/p2dEGlMKgObkQRGZtGbDf/zugmEV/6EqzgBpqiNWC9MBIYIz4rjAdeMgkgtEKq53RLTEdGEgj1P3tb3FssuQ+u84l1U3NtqsVbNDpFDx+gElZCHLlEN3aA6aiKKFHpGb+jdkc6T8+K8/kRXnOzPEfoj5+MbBcSNcg==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="ko2DwoAzGPH+9DackOnToIM73AE=">AAAB6XicbZDNTgIxFIU7+If4h7p000hMMCFkxhB1SeLGJSaAJDAhnXIHGjo/ae8YJxMeQldG3fk6voBvY8FZKHhWX+85Te65XiyFRtv+sgpr6xubW8Xt0s7u3v5B+fCoq6NEcejwSEaq5zENUoTQQYESerECFngS7r3pzdy/fwClRRS2MY3BDdg4FL7gDM2o164+1tIang/LFbtuL0RXwcmhQnK1huXPwSjiSQAhcsm07jt2jG7GFAouYVYaJBpixqdsDH2DIQtAu9li3xk98yNFcQJ08f6dzVigdRp4JhMwnOhlbz78z+sn6F+7mQjjBCHkJmI8P5EUIzqvTUdCAUeZGmBcCbMl5ROmGEdznJKp7yyXXYXuRd25rNt3jUqzkR+iSE7IKakSh1yRJrklLdIhnEjyTN7IuzW1nqwX6/UnWrDyP8fkj6yPb77IjLg=</latexit>
T (x, y, z, t)
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T (x, y, t)
T (x, q) <latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

X
Y
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⇢(x) <latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

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X ⇢(x, y, z)
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<latexit sha1_base64="dQxUmu9HQZaM89aDqTaOWHjTa+A=">AAAB6nicbZDNSgMxFIUz9a/Wv6pLN8EiVJAyI0VdFty4rGB/pB1KJr3TCU0mQ5IRy9CX0JWoOx/HF/BtTOsstPWsvtxzAvfcIOFMG9f9cgorq2vrG8XN0tb2zu5eef+grWWqKLSo5FJ1A6KBsxhahhkO3UQBEQGHTjC+nvmdB1CayfjOTBLwBRnFLGSUGDu676tIVh/PJqeDcsWtuXPhZfByqKBczUH5sz+UNBUQG8qJ1j3PTYyfEWUY5TAt9VMNCaFjMoKexZgI0H42X3iKT0KpsIkAz9+/sxkRWk9EYDOCmEgverPhf14vNeGVn7E4SQ3E1EasF6YcG4lnvfGQKaCGTywQqpjdEtOIKEKNvU7J1vcWyy5D+7zmXdTc23qlUc8PUURH6BhVkYcuUQPdoCZqIYoEekZv6N3hzpPz4rz+RAtO/ucQ/ZHz8Q3w2I1z</latexit>

⇢(x, y)
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

<latexit sha1_base64="gDlQPSHyRQ1FRId0rhdXDd6EO2E=">AAAB/XicbVDLSgNBEJyNrxhfq970MpgIESTsRlEvQsCLxwjmAUkIvZNOMmR2dpmZFUII+jN6EvXmT/gD/o2TmING61TdVQ1dFcSCa+N5n05qYXFpeSW9mllb39jccrd3qjpKFMMKi0Sk6gFoFFxixXAjsB4rhDAQWAsGVxO9dodK80jemmGMrRB6knc5A2NXbXcvn5OXxeOTHEVJBVDQvCfBJAqO2m7WK3hT0L/En5EsmaHcdj+anYglIUrDBGjd8L3YtEagDGcCx5lmojEGNoAeNiyVEKJujaYZxvSwGylq+kin80/vCEKth2FgPSGYvp7XJsv/tEZiuhetEZdxYlAya7FaNxHURHRSBe1whcyIoSXAFLdfUtYHBczYwjI2vj8f9i+pFgv+WcG7KWZLp7Mi0mSfHJA88ck5KZFrUiYVwsgDeSKv5M25dx6dZ+fl25pyZje75Bec9y+HX5M9</latexit>

(n = 2, 3 en la asignatura)
Campo escalar. número de variables
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Un campo escalar es una aplicación f : U ✓ Rn ! R


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2
<latexit sha1_base64="LY1U3ySLrDUEphGyjcXkRRFpTTM=">AAAB7HicbZDNSsNAFIVv/K31r+rSzWARKkhJSlE3QsGNywr2B9JYJtNJO3SSCTMTaQh9C12JuvNpfAHfxmnNQlvP6pt7zsA91485U9q2v6yV1bX1jc3CVnF7Z3dvv3Rw2FYikYS2iOBCdn2sKGcRbWmmOe3GkuLQ57Tjj29mfueRSsVEdK/TmHohHkYsYARrM3KDyuQ8PbuepA+1fqlsV+250DI4OZQhV7Nf+uwNBElCGmnCsVKuY8fay7DUjHA6LfYSRWNMxnhIXYMRDqnysvnKU3QaCIn0iKL5+3c2w6FSaeibTIj1SC16s+F/npvo4MrLWBQnmkbERIwXJBxpgWbN0YBJSjRPDWAimdkSkRGWmGhzn6Kp7yyWXYZ2repcVO27erlRzw9RgGM4gQo4cAkNuIUmtICAgGd4g3crsp6sF+v1J7pi5X+O4I+sj2/8fI4G</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="89ASgSLqxFpgS6cUiRD4sN+6JRs=">AAACBXicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqEs3oUWoKCVpg7oRCm5cVrAPaEOYTG/aoZMHMxNpCV3rz+hK1J0/4A/4N05rFtp64MCZc86FudeLGRXSNL+03Mrq2vpGfrOwtb2zu6fvH7RElHACTRKxiHc8LIDREJqSSgadmAMOPAZtb3Q9y9v3wAWNwjs5icEJ8CCkPiVYKsvVi3557FpnY7eqWFO0T66UcaoMxZqi7eols2LOYSwLKxMllKHh6p+9fkSSAEJJGBaia5mxdFLMJSUMpoVeIiDGZIQH0FUyxAEIJ53vMjWO/YgbcgjG/P27m+JAiEngqU6A5VAsZjPzv6ybSP/SSWkYJxJCoioq8xNmyMiYncToUw5EsokSmHCqfmmQIeaYSHW4glrfWlx2WbSqFeu8Yt7apbqdHSKPjlARlZGFLlAd3aAGaiKCHtEzekPv2oP2pL1orz/VnJbNHKI/0D6+AWKeldA=</latexit>

f (x, y) = xy f (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4

x
<latexit sha1_base64="PSwzwRhijSdHZf5lmj7bLXCiMaE=">AAACBHicbVDLTsJAFJ3iC/FVdelmlJhAJKQlRN2YkLhxiYk8ElrIdJjChOkjM1NDabrVn9GVUXd+gT/g3zggCwXP6tx7zk3uOU7IqJCG8aVlVlbX1jeym7mt7Z3dPX3/oCmCiGPSwAELeNtBgjDqk4akkpF2yAnyHEZazuh6qrfuCRc08O9kHBLbQwOfuhQjqVY9/dgtjEtxaVK8slyOcDJOE4sFA1iIu5WzSbdSTHt63igbM8BlYs5JHsxR7+mfVj/AkUd8iRkSomMaobQTxCXFjKQ5KxIkRHiEBqSjqI88IuxkFiWFp27AoRwSOJt/exPkCRF7jvJ4SA7FojZd/qd1Iule2gn1w0gSHyuL0tyIQRnAaSOwTznBksWKIMyp+hLiIVJlSNVbTsU3F8Muk2albJ6XjdtqvladF5EFR+AEFIAJLkAN3IA6aAAMHsEzeAPv2oP2pL1orz/WjDa/OQR/oH18A/cwluU=</latexit>

f (~x) = ||~x||
<latexit sha1_base64="KU4Azx03mkRRpz1GcTagDUcxub4=">AAAB+XicbZDLSsNAFIZPvNZ6iwpu3ASLUDclkaJuhIIblxXsBdpQJtOTdujkwsykWJI+jK5E3fkavoBv47Rmoa3/6pvz/wPn/F7MmVS2/WWsrK6tb2wWtorbO7t7++bBYVNGiaDYoBGPRNsjEjkLsaGY4tiOBZLA49jyRrczvzVGIVkUPqhJjG5ABiHzGSVKj3rmsV/ujpGmj9PzmyzLMct6Zsmu2HNZy+DkUIJc9Z752e1HNAkwVJQTKTuOHSs3JUIxynFa7CYSY0JHZIAdjSEJULrpfP+pdeZHwlJDtObv39mUBFJOAk9nAqKGctGbDf/zOonyr92UhXGiMKQ6oj0/4ZaKrFkNVp8JpIpPNBAqmN7SokMiCFW6rKI+31k8dhmaFxXnsmLfV0u1al5EAU7gFMrgwBXU4A7q0AAKGTzDG7wbqfFkvBivP9EVI/9zBH9kfHwDYOeUCw==</latexit>

si n = 2
<latexit sha1_base64="wtnZk/HEdTT+1NPjsyMAcDBUppk=">AAAB6XicbZDNSgMxFIXv1L9a/6ou3QRbwVWZKaJuhIIblxXsD7RDyaR32tBMZkgyQhn6ELoSdefr+AK+jWmdhbae1Zd7TuCeGySCa+O6X05hbX1jc6u4XdrZ3ds/KB8etXWcKoYtFotYdQOqUXCJLcONwG6ikEaBwE4wuZ37nUdUmsfywUwT9CM6kjzkjBo76mpOqvKmXh2UK27NXYisgpdDBXI1B+XP/jBmaYTSMEG17nluYvyMKsOZwFmpn2pMKJvQEfYsShqh9rPFvjNyFsaKmDGSxft3NqOR1tMosJmImrFe9ubD/7xeasJrP+MySQ1KZiPWC1NBTEzmtcmQK2RGTC1QprjdkrAxVZQZe5ySre8tl12Fdr3mXdbc+3qlcZEfoggncArn4MEVNOAOmtACBgKe4Q3enYnz5Lw4rz/RgpP/OYY/cj6+AV1wjHU=</latexit>

f (x, y, z) = p
log(y 2 + z 2 ) <latexit sha1_base64="aT5B5CPeS1sYuOeqGKeskVsQn1A=">AAAB+HicbZDLSgMxFIbP1Futt1Fx5SZYhIpSZkpRN0LBjcsK9gK9kUkzbWjmYpKRjkPfRVei7nwOX8C3Ma2z0NZ/9eX8f+Cc3wk5k8qyvozM0vLK6lp2PbexubW9Y+7u1WUQCUJrJOCBaDpYUs58WlNMcdoMBcWew2nDGV1P/cYDFZIF/p2KQ9rx8MBnLiNY6VHPPHAL47P45Kot74VKxt3SadwtTXpm3ipaM6FFsFPIQ6pqz/xs9wMSedRXhGMpW7YVqk6ChWKE00muHUkaYjLCA9rS6GOPyk4yW3+Cjt1AIDWkaPb+nU2wJ2XsOTrjYTWU8950+J/XipR72UmYH0aK+kRHtOdGHKkATVtAfSYoUTzWgIlgektEhlhgonRXOX2+PX/sItRLRfu8aN2W85VyWkQWDuEICmDDBVTgBqpQAwIJPMMbvBuPxpPxYrz+RDNG+mcf/sj4+Aba/ZJ0</latexit>

f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
<latexit sha1_base64="ef6+C/DO7e4l3q1B1TXu307Zy60=">AAAB+HicbZDNSsNAFIUn/tb6FxVXboJFqFBCIkXdCAU3LivYH2hDmExv2qGTSZiZlNbQd9GVqDufwxfwbZzWLLT1rL655wzce4KEUakc58tYWV1b39gsbBW3d3b39s2Dw6aMU0GgQWIWi3aAJTDKoaGoYtBOBOAoYNAKhrczvzUCIWnMH9QkAS/CfU5DSrDSI9887o6AZOPpTXnsuxXbtitjn5/7ZsmxnbmsZXBzKKFcdd/87PZikkbAFWFYyo7rJMrLsFCUMJgWu6mEBJMh7kNHI8cRSC+brz+1zsJYWGoA1vz9O5vhSMpJFOhMhNVALnqz4X9eJ1XhtZdRnqQKONER7YUps1RszVqwelQAUWyiARNB9ZYWGWCBidJdFfX57uKxy9C8sN1L27mvlmrVvIgCOkGnqIxcdIVq6A7VUQMRlKFn9IbejUfjyXgxXn+iK0b+5wj9kfHxDeh0kdA=</latexit>

~x = (x1 , ..., xn )
f (x, y, z) = xy 2
<latexit sha1_base64="nCzkHzcVBIts6OrCbD/AHu0zpAY=">AAAB7nicbZDLTsJAFIZP8YZ4Q126aSQmmBDSEqJuTEjcuMRELglUMh1OYcL04szUUBteQ1dG3fkwvoBv44AsFPxX35z/n+T8x404k8qyvozMyura+kZ2M7e1vbO7l98/aMowFhQbNOShaLtEImcBNhRTHNuRQOK7HFvu6Grqtx5QSBYGtyqJ0PHJIGAeo0TpkeMVx6Wk9Hh6OU7uKr18wSpbM5nLYM+hAHPVe/nPbj+ksY+BopxI2bGtSDkpEYpRjpNcN5YYEToiA+xoDIiP0klnS0/MEy8UphqiOXv/zqbElzLxXZ3xiRrKRW86/M/rxMq7cFIWRLHCgOqI9ryYmyo0p93NPhNIFU80ECqY3tKkQyIIVfpCOV3fXiy7DM1K2T4rWzfVQq06P0QWjuAYimDDOdTgGurQAAr38Axv8G5ExpPxYrz+RDPG/M8h/JHx8Q1Fmo7A</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

<latexit sha1_base64="gDlQPSHyRQ1FRId0rhdXDd6EO2E=">AAAB/XicbVDLSgNBEJyNrxhfq970MpgIESTsRlEvQsCLxwjmAUkIvZNOMmR2dpmZFUII+jN6EvXmT/gD/o2TmING61TdVQ1dFcSCa+N5n05qYXFpeSW9mllb39jccrd3qjpKFMMKi0Sk6gFoFFxixXAjsB4rhDAQWAsGVxO9dodK80jemmGMrRB6knc5A2NXbXcvn5OXxeOTHEVJBVDQvCfBJAqO2m7WK3hT0L/En5EsmaHcdj+anYglIUrDBGjd8L3YtEagDGcCx5lmojEGNoAeNiyVEKJujaYZxvSwGylq+kin80/vCEKth2FgPSGYvp7XJsv/tEZiuhetEZdxYlAya7FaNxHURHRSBe1whcyIoSXAFLdfUtYHBczYwjI2vj8f9i+pFgv+WcG7KWZLp7Mi0mSfHJA88ck5KZFrUiYVwsgDeSKv5M25dx6dZ+fl25pyZje75Bec9y+HX5M9</latexit>

(n = 2, 3 en la asignatura)
Campo escalar. número de variables
<latexit sha1_base64="wEbf2N8e9XfUbTU9C7ERRUqEOgM=">AAACCXicbVC7TgJBFL2LL8TXKqXNRGJiRXaJUUsSG0tM5JHAhswOd2HC7M5mZpaEEL5Af0Yro3a2/oC/YuWAFAqeYnLuOecmc26YCq6N5306ubX1jc2t/HZhZ3dv/8A9PGpomSmGdSaFVK2QahQ8wbrhRmArVUjjUGAzHF7P/OYIleYyuTPjFIOY9hMecUaNlaRbhAS+IAYEBRII9CwjMAJqZ27fEIRVdNcteWVvDrJK/AUpwQK1rvvR6UmWxZgYJqjWbd9LTTChynAmcFroZBpTyoa0j21LExqjDibzPlNyGklFzADJfP6dndBY63Ec2kxMzUAvezPxP6+dmegqmPAkzQwmzEasF2WCGElmZyE9rpAZMbaEMsXtLwkbUEWZsccr2Pr+ctlV0qiU/Yuyd1spVc8Xh8jDMZzAGfhwCVW4gRrUgcEDPMErvDn3zqPz7Lz8RHPOYqcIf+C8fwNFmZOL</latexit>

Un campo escalar es una aplicación f : U ✓ Rn ! R


<latexit sha1_base64="k7WY1TpDxzIO1uryTGRBXJn1HA4=">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</latexit>

f (1, 2) = 1 · 4 = 4
<latexit sha1_base64="5PPJEqA/O8qjh7IHiWlqBdpkYE4=">AAAB9HicbZDNSgMxFIXv1L9a/6a6dBMsQgUpM2VQN4WCG5cV7A+0Q8mkmTY0MxmSTKWUvomuRN35JL6Ab2NaZ6GtZ/XlnhO49wQJZ0o7zpeV29jc2t7J7xb29g8Oj+zicUuJVBLaJIIL2QmwopzFtKmZ5rSTSIqjgNN2ML5d+O0JlYqJ+EFPE+pHeBizkBGszahvF8Oye1m9qLk9MhAaeTWvb5ecirMUWgc3gxJkavTtz95AkDSisSYcK9V1nUT7Myw1I5zOC71U0QSTMR7SrsEYR1T5s+Xqc3QeCon0iKLl+3d2hiOlplFgMhHWI7XqLYb/ed1Uhzf+jMVJqmlMTMR4YcqRFmjRABowSYnmUwOYSGa2RGSEJSba9FQw57urx65Dq1pxryrOvVeqe1kReTiFMyiDC9dQhztoQBMIPMIzvMG7NbGerBfr9Seas7I/J/BH1sc3xHCPYA==</latexit>

2
<latexit sha1_base64="LY1U3ySLrDUEphGyjcXkRRFpTTM=">AAAB7HicbZDNSsNAFIVv/K31r+rSzWARKkhJSlE3QsGNywr2B9JYJtNJO3SSCTMTaQh9C12JuvNpfAHfxmnNQlvP6pt7zsA91485U9q2v6yV1bX1jc3CVnF7Z3dvv3Rw2FYikYS2iOBCdn2sKGcRbWmmOe3GkuLQ57Tjj29mfueRSsVEdK/TmHohHkYsYARrM3KDyuQ8PbuepA+1fqlsV+250DI4OZQhV7Nf+uwNBElCGmnCsVKuY8fay7DUjHA6LfYSRWNMxnhIXYMRDqnysvnKU3QaCIn0iKL5+3c2w6FSaeibTIj1SC16s+F/npvo4MrLWBQnmkbERIwXJBxpgWbN0YBJSjRPDWAimdkSkRGWmGhzn6Kp7yyWXYZ2repcVO27erlRzw9RgGM4gQo4cAkNuIUmtICAgGd4g3crsp6sF+v1J7pi5X+O4I+sj2/8fI4G</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="89ASgSLqxFpgS6cUiRD4sN+6JRs=">AAACBXicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqEs3oUWoKCVpg7oRCm5cVrAPaEOYTG/aoZMHMxNpCV3rz+hK1J0/4A/4N05rFtp64MCZc86FudeLGRXSNL+03Mrq2vpGfrOwtb2zu6fvH7RElHACTRKxiHc8LIDREJqSSgadmAMOPAZtb3Q9y9v3wAWNwjs5icEJ8CCkPiVYKsvVi3557FpnY7eqWFO0T66UcaoMxZqi7eols2LOYSwLKxMllKHh6p+9fkSSAEJJGBaia5mxdFLMJSUMpoVeIiDGZIQH0FUyxAEIJ53vMjWO/YgbcgjG/P27m+JAiEngqU6A5VAsZjPzv6ybSP/SSWkYJxJCoioq8xNmyMiYncToUw5EsokSmHCqfmmQIeaYSHW4glrfWlx2WbSqFeu8Yt7apbqdHSKPjlARlZGFLlAd3aAGaiKCHtEzekPv2oP2pL1orz/VnJbNHKI/0D6+AWKeldA=</latexit>

f (x, y) = xy f (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4

x
<latexit sha1_base64="PSwzwRhijSdHZf5lmj7bLXCiMaE=">AAACBHicbVDLTsJAFJ3iC/FVdelmlJhAJKQlRN2YkLhxiYk8ElrIdJjChOkjM1NDabrVn9GVUXd+gT/g3zggCwXP6tx7zk3uOU7IqJCG8aVlVlbX1jeym7mt7Z3dPX3/oCmCiGPSwAELeNtBgjDqk4akkpF2yAnyHEZazuh6qrfuCRc08O9kHBLbQwOfuhQjqVY9/dgtjEtxaVK8slyOcDJOE4sFA1iIu5WzSbdSTHt63igbM8BlYs5JHsxR7+mfVj/AkUd8iRkSomMaobQTxCXFjKQ5KxIkRHiEBqSjqI88IuxkFiWFp27AoRwSOJt/exPkCRF7jvJ4SA7FojZd/qd1Iule2gn1w0gSHyuL0tyIQRnAaSOwTznBksWKIMyp+hLiIVJlSNVbTsU3F8Muk2albJ6XjdtqvladF5EFR+AEFIAJLkAN3IA6aAAMHsEzeAPv2oP2pL1orz/WjDa/OQR/oH18A/cwluU=</latexit>

f (~x) = ||~x||
<latexit sha1_base64="KU4Azx03mkRRpz1GcTagDUcxub4=">AAAB+XicbZDLSsNAFIZPvNZ6iwpu3ASLUDclkaJuhIIblxXsBdpQJtOTdujkwsykWJI+jK5E3fkavoBv47Rmoa3/6pvz/wPn/F7MmVS2/WWsrK6tb2wWtorbO7t7++bBYVNGiaDYoBGPRNsjEjkLsaGY4tiOBZLA49jyRrczvzVGIVkUPqhJjG5ABiHzGSVKj3rmsV/ujpGmj9PzmyzLMct6Zsmu2HNZy+DkUIJc9Z752e1HNAkwVJQTKTuOHSs3JUIxynFa7CYSY0JHZIAdjSEJULrpfP+pdeZHwlJDtObv39mUBFJOAk9nAqKGctGbDf/zOonyr92UhXGiMKQ6oj0/4ZaKrFkNVp8JpIpPNBAqmN7SokMiCFW6rKI+31k8dhmaFxXnsmLfV0u1al5EAU7gFMrgwBXU4A7q0AAKGTzDG7wbqfFkvBivP9EVI/9zBH9kfHwDYOeUCw==</latexit>

si n = 2
<latexit sha1_base64="wtnZk/HEdTT+1NPjsyMAcDBUppk=">AAAB6XicbZDNSgMxFIXv1L9a/6ou3QRbwVWZKaJuhIIblxXsD7RDyaR32tBMZkgyQhn6ELoSdefr+AK+jWmdhbae1Zd7TuCeGySCa+O6X05hbX1jc6u4XdrZ3ds/KB8etXWcKoYtFotYdQOqUXCJLcONwG6ikEaBwE4wuZ37nUdUmsfywUwT9CM6kjzkjBo76mpOqvKmXh2UK27NXYisgpdDBXI1B+XP/jBmaYTSMEG17nluYvyMKsOZwFmpn2pMKJvQEfYsShqh9rPFvjNyFsaKmDGSxft3NqOR1tMosJmImrFe9ubD/7xeasJrP+MySQ1KZiPWC1NBTEzmtcmQK2RGTC1QprjdkrAxVZQZe5ySre8tl12Fdr3mXdbc+3qlcZEfoggncArn4MEVNOAOmtACBgKe4Q3enYnz5Lw4rz/RgpP/OYY/cj6+AV1wjHU=</latexit>

f (x, y, z) = p
log(y 2 + z 2 ) <latexit sha1_base64="aT5B5CPeS1sYuOeqGKeskVsQn1A=">AAAB+HicbZDLSgMxFIbP1Futt1Fx5SZYhIpSZkpRN0LBjcsK9gK9kUkzbWjmYpKRjkPfRVei7nwOX8C3Ma2z0NZ/9eX8f+Cc3wk5k8qyvozM0vLK6lp2PbexubW9Y+7u1WUQCUJrJOCBaDpYUs58WlNMcdoMBcWew2nDGV1P/cYDFZIF/p2KQ9rx8MBnLiNY6VHPPHAL47P45Kot74VKxt3SadwtTXpm3ipaM6FFsFPIQ6pqz/xs9wMSedRXhGMpW7YVqk6ChWKE00muHUkaYjLCA9rS6GOPyk4yW3+Cjt1AIDWkaPb+nU2wJ2XsOTrjYTWU8950+J/XipR72UmYH0aK+kRHtOdGHKkATVtAfSYoUTzWgIlgektEhlhgonRXOX2+PX/sItRLRfu8aN2W85VyWkQWDuEICmDDBVTgBqpQAwIJPMMbvBuPxpPxYrz+RDNG+mcf/sj4+Aba/ZJ0</latexit>

f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
<latexit sha1_base64="ef6+C/DO7e4l3q1B1TXu307Zy60=">AAAB+HicbZDNSsNAFIUn/tb6FxVXboJFqFBCIkXdCAU3LivYH2hDmExv2qGTSZiZlNbQd9GVqDufwxfwbZzWLLT1rL655wzce4KEUakc58tYWV1b39gsbBW3d3b39s2Dw6aMU0GgQWIWi3aAJTDKoaGoYtBOBOAoYNAKhrczvzUCIWnMH9QkAS/CfU5DSrDSI9887o6AZOPpTXnsuxXbtitjn5/7ZsmxnbmsZXBzKKFcdd/87PZikkbAFWFYyo7rJMrLsFCUMJgWu6mEBJMh7kNHI8cRSC+brz+1zsJYWGoA1vz9O5vhSMpJFOhMhNVALnqz4X9eJ1XhtZdRnqQKONER7YUps1RszVqwelQAUWyiARNB9ZYWGWCBidJdFfX57uKxy9C8sN1L27mvlmrVvIgCOkGnqIxcdIVq6A7VUQMRlKFn9IbejUfjyXgxXn+iK0b+5wj9kfHxDeh0kdA=</latexit>

~x = (x1 , ..., xn )
2
<latexit sha1_base64="nCzkHzcVBIts6OrCbD/AHu0zpAY=">AAAB7nicbZDLTsJAFIZP8YZ4Q126aSQmmBDSEqJuTEjcuMRELglUMh1OYcL04szUUBteQ1dG3fkwvoBv44AsFPxX35z/n+T8x404k8qyvozMyura+kZ2M7e1vbO7l98/aMowFhQbNOShaLtEImcBNhRTHNuRQOK7HFvu6Grqtx5QSBYGtyqJ0PHJIGAeo0TpkeMVx6Wk9Hh6OU7uKr18wSpbM5nLYM+hAHPVe/nPbj+ksY+BopxI2bGtSDkpEYpRjpNcN5YYEToiA+xoDIiP0klnS0/MEy8UphqiOXv/zqbElzLxXZ3xiRrKRW86/M/rxMq7cFIWRLHCgOqI9ryYmyo0p93NPhNIFU80ECqY3tKkQyIIVfpCOV3fXiy7DM1K2T4rWzfVQq06P0QWjuAYimDDOdTgGurQAAr38Axv8G5ExpPxYrz+RDPG/M8h/JHx8Q1Fmo7A</latexit>

f (x, y, z) = xy 1
<latexit sha1_base64="JFLKjB7fRUnHSxTDFqxeB7RcmbA=">AAAB/XicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqDvdDBahQilJrY+NUHDjsoJ9QFPKZHrTDp08mJkIJQT9GV2JuvMn/AH/xmnNQlvP6tx7zoV7jhtxJpVlfRm5peWV1bX8emFjc2t7x9zda8kwFhSaNOSh6LhEAmcBNBVTHDqRAOK7HNru+Hqqt+9BSBYGd2oSQc8nw4B5jBKlV33zwCvZ5Vr59OTK8QShiZ0mVYeHQ3yW9s2iVbFmwIvEzkgRZWj0zU9nENLYh0BRTqTs2lakegkRilEOacGJJUSEjskQupoGxAfZS2YZUnzshQKrEeDZ/NubEF/Kie9qj0/USM5r0+V/WjdW3mUvYUEUKwiotmjNizlWIZ5WgQdMAFV8ogmhgukvMR0R3YLShRV0fHs+7CJpVSv2ecW6rRXrtayIPDpER6iEbHSB6ugGNVATUfSIntEbejcejCfjxXj9seaM7GYf/YHx8Q2565Nd</latexit>

f (1, 4, 3) =
2 log 5
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

<latexit sha1_base64="gDlQPSHyRQ1FRId0rhdXDd6EO2E=">AAAB/XicbVDLSgNBEJyNrxhfq970MpgIESTsRlEvQsCLxwjmAUkIvZNOMmR2dpmZFUII+jN6EvXmT/gD/o2TmING61TdVQ1dFcSCa+N5n05qYXFpeSW9mllb39jccrd3qjpKFMMKi0Sk6gFoFFxixXAjsB4rhDAQWAsGVxO9dodK80jemmGMrRB6knc5A2NXbXcvn5OXxeOTHEVJBVDQvCfBJAqO2m7WK3hT0L/En5EsmaHcdj+anYglIUrDBGjd8L3YtEagDGcCx5lmojEGNoAeNiyVEKJujaYZxvSwGylq+kin80/vCEKth2FgPSGYvp7XJsv/tEZiuhetEZdxYlAya7FaNxHURHRSBe1whcyIoSXAFLdfUtYHBczYwjI2vj8f9i+pFgv+WcG7KWZLp7Mi0mSfHJA88ck5KZFrUiYVwsgDeSKv5M25dx6dZ+fl25pyZje75Bec9y+HX5M9</latexit>

(n = 2, 3 en la asignatura)
Campo escalar. número de variables
<latexit sha1_base64="wEbf2N8e9XfUbTU9C7ERRUqEOgM=">AAACCXicbVC7TgJBFL2LL8TXKqXNRGJiRXaJUUsSG0tM5JHAhswOd2HC7M5mZpaEEL5Af0Yro3a2/oC/YuWAFAqeYnLuOecmc26YCq6N5306ubX1jc2t/HZhZ3dv/8A9PGpomSmGdSaFVK2QahQ8wbrhRmArVUjjUGAzHF7P/OYIleYyuTPjFIOY9hMecUaNlaRbhAS+IAYEBRII9CwjMAJqZ27fEIRVdNcteWVvDrJK/AUpwQK1rvvR6UmWxZgYJqjWbd9LTTChynAmcFroZBpTyoa0j21LExqjDibzPlNyGklFzADJfP6dndBY63Ec2kxMzUAvezPxP6+dmegqmPAkzQwmzEasF2WCGElmZyE9rpAZMbaEMsXtLwkbUEWZsccr2Pr+ctlV0qiU/Yuyd1spVc8Xh8jDMZzAGfhwCVW4gRrUgcEDPMErvDn3zqPz7Lz8RHPOYqcIf+C8fwNFmZOL</latexit>

Un campo escalar es una aplicación f : U ✓ Rn ! R


<latexit sha1_base64="k7WY1TpDxzIO1uryTGRBXJn1HA4=">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</latexit>

f (1, 2) = 1 · 4 = 4
<latexit sha1_base64="5PPJEqA/O8qjh7IHiWlqBdpkYE4=">AAAB9HicbZDNSgMxFIXv1L9a/6a6dBMsQgUpM2VQN4WCG5cV7A+0Q8mkmTY0MxmSTKWUvomuRN35JL6Ab2NaZ6GtZ/XlnhO49wQJZ0o7zpeV29jc2t7J7xb29g8Oj+zicUuJVBLaJIIL2QmwopzFtKmZ5rSTSIqjgNN2ML5d+O0JlYqJ+EFPE+pHeBizkBGszahvF8Oye1m9qLk9MhAaeTWvb5ecirMUWgc3gxJkavTtz95AkDSisSYcK9V1nUT7Myw1I5zOC71U0QSTMR7SrsEYR1T5s+Xqc3QeCon0iKLl+3d2hiOlplFgMhHWI7XqLYb/ed1Uhzf+jMVJqmlMTMR4YcqRFmjRABowSYnmUwOYSGa2RGSEJSba9FQw57urx65Dq1pxryrOvVeqe1kReTiFMyiDC9dQhztoQBMIPMIzvMG7NbGerBfr9Seas7I/J/BH1sc3xHCPYA==</latexit>

2
<latexit sha1_base64="LY1U3ySLrDUEphGyjcXkRRFpTTM=">AAAB7HicbZDNSsNAFIVv/K31r+rSzWARKkhJSlE3QsGNywr2B9JYJtNJO3SSCTMTaQh9C12JuvNpfAHfxmnNQlvP6pt7zsA91485U9q2v6yV1bX1jc3CVnF7Z3dvv3Rw2FYikYS2iOBCdn2sKGcRbWmmOe3GkuLQ57Tjj29mfueRSsVEdK/TmHohHkYsYARrM3KDyuQ8PbuepA+1fqlsV+250DI4OZQhV7Nf+uwNBElCGmnCsVKuY8fay7DUjHA6LfYSRWNMxnhIXYMRDqnysvnKU3QaCIn0iKL5+3c2w6FSaeibTIj1SC16s+F/npvo4MrLWBQnmkbERIwXJBxpgWbN0YBJSjRPDWAimdkSkRGWmGhzn6Kp7yyWXYZ2repcVO27erlRzw9RgGM4gQo4cAkNuIUmtICAgGd4g3crsp6sF+v1J7pi5X+O4I+sj2/8fI4G</latexit>

@ f ( 1, 0, 1)
<latexit sha1_base64="zJeg2G3vTl3Y6PE3/knHsScZ9YM=">AAAB93icbVDLTsMwEHTKq5RXeNy4WFRIRSpVgirgWIkLxyLRh9REleNuWquOE9kOokT9Fjgh4MZ/8AP8DW7JAQpzmt2Z1e5OkHCmtON8WoWl5ZXVteJ6aWNza3vH3t1rqziVFFo05rHsBkQBZwJammkO3UQCiQIOnWB8NdM7dyAVi8WtniTgR2QoWMgo0abVtw88AfdmjfKqOKyculWn6p707bJTc+bAf4mbkzLK0ezbH94gpmkEQlNOlOq5TqL9jEjNKIdpyUsVJISOyRB6hgoSgfKz+fVTfBzGEusR4Hn905uRSKlJFBhPRPRILWqz5n9aL9XhpZ8xkaQaBDUWo4UpxzrGsxDwgEmgmk8MIVQycyWmIyIJ1SaqknnfXXz2L2mf1dzzmnNTLzfqeRBFdIiOUAW56AI10DVqohai6AE9oVf0Zk2sR+vZevm2Fqx8Zh/9gvX+BWNRkN8=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="89ASgSLqxFpgS6cUiRD4sN+6JRs=">AAACBXicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqEs3oUWoKCVpg7oRCm5cVrAPaEOYTG/aoZMHMxNpCV3rz+hK1J0/4A/4N05rFtp64MCZc86FudeLGRXSNL+03Mrq2vpGfrOwtb2zu6fvH7RElHACTRKxiHc8LIDREJqSSgadmAMOPAZtb3Q9y9v3wAWNwjs5icEJ8CCkPiVYKsvVi3557FpnY7eqWFO0T66UcaoMxZqi7eols2LOYSwLKxMllKHh6p+9fkSSAEJJGBaia5mxdFLMJSUMpoVeIiDGZIQH0FUyxAEIJ53vMjWO/YgbcgjG/P27m+JAiEngqU6A5VAsZjPzv6ybSP/SSWkYJxJCoioq8xNmyMiYncToUw5EsokSmHCqfmmQIeaYSHW4glrfWlx2WbSqFeu8Yt7apbqdHSKPjlARlZGFLlAd3aAGaiKCHtEzekPv2oP2pL1orz/VnJbNHKI/0D6+AWKeldA=</latexit>

f (x, y) = xy f (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4

x
<latexit sha1_base64="PSwzwRhijSdHZf5lmj7bLXCiMaE=">AAACBHicbVDLTsJAFJ3iC/FVdelmlJhAJKQlRN2YkLhxiYk8ElrIdJjChOkjM1NDabrVn9GVUXd+gT/g3zggCwXP6tx7zk3uOU7IqJCG8aVlVlbX1jeym7mt7Z3dPX3/oCmCiGPSwAELeNtBgjDqk4akkpF2yAnyHEZazuh6qrfuCRc08O9kHBLbQwOfuhQjqVY9/dgtjEtxaVK8slyOcDJOE4sFA1iIu5WzSbdSTHt63igbM8BlYs5JHsxR7+mfVj/AkUd8iRkSomMaobQTxCXFjKQ5KxIkRHiEBqSjqI88IuxkFiWFp27AoRwSOJt/exPkCRF7jvJ4SA7FojZd/qd1Iule2gn1w0gSHyuL0tyIQRnAaSOwTznBksWKIMyp+hLiIVJlSNVbTsU3F8Muk2albJ6XjdtqvladF5EFR+AEFIAJLkAN3IA6aAAMHsEzeAPv2oP2pL1orz/WjDa/OQR/oH18A/cwluU=</latexit>

f (~x) = ||~x||
<latexit sha1_base64="KU4Azx03mkRRpz1GcTagDUcxub4=">AAAB+XicbZDLSsNAFIZPvNZ6iwpu3ASLUDclkaJuhIIblxXsBdpQJtOTdujkwsykWJI+jK5E3fkavoBv47Rmoa3/6pvz/wPn/F7MmVS2/WWsrK6tb2wWtorbO7t7++bBYVNGiaDYoBGPRNsjEjkLsaGY4tiOBZLA49jyRrczvzVGIVkUPqhJjG5ABiHzGSVKj3rmsV/ujpGmj9PzmyzLMct6Zsmu2HNZy+DkUIJc9Z752e1HNAkwVJQTKTuOHSs3JUIxynFa7CYSY0JHZIAdjSEJULrpfP+pdeZHwlJDtObv39mUBFJOAk9nAqKGctGbDf/zOonyr92UhXGiMKQ6oj0/4ZaKrFkNVp8JpIpPNBAqmN7SokMiCFW6rKI+31k8dhmaFxXnsmLfV0u1al5EAU7gFMrgwBXU4A7q0AAKGTzDG7wbqfFkvBivP9EVI/9zBH9kfHwDYOeUCw==</latexit>

si n = 2
<latexit sha1_base64="wtnZk/HEdTT+1NPjsyMAcDBUppk=">AAAB6XicbZDNSgMxFIXv1L9a/6ou3QRbwVWZKaJuhIIblxXsD7RDyaR32tBMZkgyQhn6ELoSdefr+AK+jWmdhbae1Zd7TuCeGySCa+O6X05hbX1jc6u4XdrZ3ds/KB8etXWcKoYtFotYdQOqUXCJLcONwG6ikEaBwE4wuZ37nUdUmsfywUwT9CM6kjzkjBo76mpOqvKmXh2UK27NXYisgpdDBXI1B+XP/jBmaYTSMEG17nluYvyMKsOZwFmpn2pMKJvQEfYsShqh9rPFvjNyFsaKmDGSxft3NqOR1tMosJmImrFe9ubD/7xeasJrP+MySQ1KZiPWC1NBTEzmtcmQK2RGTC1QprjdkrAxVZQZe5ySre8tl12Fdr3mXdbc+3qlcZEfoggncArn4MEVNOAOmtACBgKe4Q3enYnz5Lw4rz/RgpP/OYY/cj6+AV1wjHU=</latexit>

f (x, y, z) = p
log(y 2 + z 2 ) <latexit sha1_base64="aT5B5CPeS1sYuOeqGKeskVsQn1A=">AAAB+HicbZDLSgMxFIbP1Futt1Fx5SZYhIpSZkpRN0LBjcsK9gK9kUkzbWjmYpKRjkPfRVei7nwOX8C3Ma2z0NZ/9eX8f+Cc3wk5k8qyvozM0vLK6lp2PbexubW9Y+7u1WUQCUJrJOCBaDpYUs58WlNMcdoMBcWew2nDGV1P/cYDFZIF/p2KQ9rx8MBnLiNY6VHPPHAL47P45Kot74VKxt3SadwtTXpm3ipaM6FFsFPIQ6pqz/xs9wMSedRXhGMpW7YVqk6ChWKE00muHUkaYjLCA9rS6GOPyk4yW3+Cjt1AIDWkaPb+nU2wJ2XsOTrjYTWU8950+J/XipR72UmYH0aK+kRHtOdGHKkATVtAfSYoUTzWgIlgektEhlhgonRXOX2+PX/sItRLRfu8aN2W85VyWkQWDuEICmDDBVTgBqpQAwIJPMMbvBuPxpPxYrz+RDNG+mcf/sj4+Aba/ZJ0</latexit>

f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
<latexit sha1_base64="ef6+C/DO7e4l3q1B1TXu307Zy60=">AAAB+HicbZDNSsNAFIUn/tb6FxVXboJFqFBCIkXdCAU3LivYH2hDmExv2qGTSZiZlNbQd9GVqDufwxfwbZzWLLT1rL655wzce4KEUakc58tYWV1b39gsbBW3d3b39s2Dw6aMU0GgQWIWi3aAJTDKoaGoYtBOBOAoYNAKhrczvzUCIWnMH9QkAS/CfU5DSrDSI9887o6AZOPpTXnsuxXbtitjn5/7ZsmxnbmsZXBzKKFcdd/87PZikkbAFWFYyo7rJMrLsFCUMJgWu6mEBJMh7kNHI8cRSC+brz+1zsJYWGoA1vz9O5vhSMpJFOhMhNVALnqz4X9eJ1XhtZdRnqQKONER7YUps1RszVqwelQAUWyiARNB9ZYWGWCBidJdFfX57uKxy9C8sN1L27mvlmrVvIgCOkGnqIxcdIVq6A7VUQMRlKFn9IbejUfjyXgxXn+iK0b+5wj9kfHxDeh0kdA=</latexit>

~x = (x1 , ..., xn )
2
<latexit sha1_base64="nCzkHzcVBIts6OrCbD/AHu0zpAY=">AAAB7nicbZDLTsJAFIZP8YZ4Q126aSQmmBDSEqJuTEjcuMRELglUMh1OYcL04szUUBteQ1dG3fkwvoBv44AsFPxX35z/n+T8x404k8qyvozMyura+kZ2M7e1vbO7l98/aMowFhQbNOShaLtEImcBNhRTHNuRQOK7HFvu6Grqtx5QSBYGtyqJ0PHJIGAeo0TpkeMVx6Wk9Hh6OU7uKr18wSpbM5nLYM+hAHPVe/nPbj+ksY+BopxI2bGtSDkpEYpRjpNcN5YYEToiA+xoDIiP0klnS0/MEy8UphqiOXv/zqbElzLxXZ3xiRrKRW86/M/rxMq7cFIWRLHCgOqI9ryYmyo0p93NPhNIFU80ECqY3tKkQyIIVfpCOV3fXiy7DM1K2T4rWzfVQq06P0QWjuAYimDDOdTgGurQAAr38Axv8G5ExpPxYrz+RDPG/M8h/JHx8Q1Fmo7A</latexit>

f (x, y, z) = xy 1
<latexit sha1_base64="JFLKjB7fRUnHSxTDFqxeB7RcmbA=">AAAB/XicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqDvdDBahQilJrY+NUHDjsoJ9QFPKZHrTDp08mJkIJQT9GV2JuvMn/AH/xmnNQlvP6tx7zoV7jhtxJpVlfRm5peWV1bX8emFjc2t7x9zda8kwFhSaNOSh6LhEAmcBNBVTHDqRAOK7HNru+Hqqt+9BSBYGd2oSQc8nw4B5jBKlV33zwCvZ5Vr59OTK8QShiZ0mVYeHQ3yW9s2iVbFmwIvEzkgRZWj0zU9nENLYh0BRTqTs2lakegkRilEOacGJJUSEjskQupoGxAfZS2YZUnzshQKrEeDZ/NubEF/Kie9qj0/USM5r0+V/WjdW3mUvYUEUKwiotmjNizlWIZ5WgQdMAFV8ogmhgukvMR0R3YLShRV0fHs+7CJpVSv2ecW6rRXrtayIPDpER6iEbHSB6ugGNVATUfSIntEbejcejCfjxXj9seaM7GYf/YHx8Q2565Nd</latexit>

f (1, 4, 3) =
2 log 5
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

Polinomio de varias variables.

Un monomio de dos variables es un campo escalar


<latexit sha1_base64="pgglsQpXCQ9Ph+irP6inNZ3rTw8=">AAACEnicbVDLTgJBEJz1ifhCPXqZSEw84S4x6pHEi0dM5JEAIb1DAxPmsZmZJSGEv9Cf0ZNRb/yAf+OAHBSszKGmqzrpqjgR3Low/ArW1jc2t7YzO9ndvf2Dw9zRcdXq1DCsMC20qcdgUXCFFcedwHpiEGQssBYP7mZ6bYjGcq0e3SjBloSe4l3OwPlRO3dZUVRqpSXXtIO0oy0dguHg9y31L1WUgUy05wwEmHYuHxbCOegqiRYkTxYot3PTZkezVKJyTIC1jShMXGsMxnEmcJJtphYTYAPoYcNTBRJtazwPNqHnXW2o6yOd/397xyCtHcnYeyS4vl3WZsP/tEbquretMVdJ6lAxb/FaNxXUaTrrh3a4QebEyBNghvsrKeuDAeZ8i1kfP1oOu0qqxUJ0XQgfivnS1aKIDDklZ+SCROSGlMg9KZMKYeSZvJIP8hk8BS/BW/D+Y10LFjsn5A+C6Td1Z506</latexit>

de la forma p(x, y) = axp y q p, q 2 N [ {0}


<latexit sha1_base64="Qr+qz0N1maqMtYR0vpXaE+eY5ZY=">AAAB/3icbVDLSgNBEJz1GeMr6lEPg4kQQcJuEPUiBLx4jGAekBe9k04yZPbhzKxkCTnoz+hJ1Jv/4A/4N05iDppYp+quaugqNxRcadv+shYWl5ZXVhNryfWNza3t1M5uWQWRZFhigQhk1QWFgvtY0lwLrIYSwXMFVtz+1Viv3KNUPPBvdRxiw4OuzzucgTarVuqgjVQA7QTSA5oJs4OT+PgSBs0wbt5lWqm0nbMnoPPEmZI0maLYSn3W2wGLPPQ1E6BUzbFD3RiC1JwJHCXrkcIQWB+6WDPUBw9VYzhJMaJH5gmqe0gn82/vEDylYs81Hg90T81q4+V/Wi3SnYvGkPthpNFnxmK0TiSoDui4DNrmEpkWsSHAJDdfUtYDCUybypImvjMbdp6U8znnLGff5NOF02kRCbJPDkmWOOScFMg1KZISYeSRPJM38m49WE/Wi/X6Y12wpjd75A+sj2/6I5Sq</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="1SLucKf3WiOXZ0sF42S42Yi+T5U=">AAAB/nicbVDLSsNAFL3xWesr6rKbwSK4kJJIUZcFN66kgn1AE8pkOmmHTiZxZiKUUNCf0ZWoOz/CH/BvnNQstPWszr3nXLjnBAlnSjvOl7W0vLK6tl7aKG9ube/s2nv7bRWnktAWiXksuwFWlDNBW5ppTruJpDgKOO0E48tc79xTqVgsbvUkoX6Eh4KFjGBtVn27kpzceUwgL8J6FATZ9dQjaYK8zPGmfbvq1JwZ0CJxC1KFAs2+/ekNYpJGVGjCsVI910m0n2GpGeF0WvZSRRNMxnhIe4YKHFHlZ7MQU3QUxhLpEUWz+bc3w5FSkygwnvxLNa/ly/+0XqrDCz9jIkk1FcRYjBamHOkY5V2gAZOUaD4xBBPJzJeIjLDERJvGyia+Ox92kbRPa+5ZzbmpVxv1oogSVOAQjsGFc2jAFTShBQQe4Rne4N16sJ6sF+v1x7pkFTcH8AfWxzfsKJVZ</latexit>

a 2 R \ {0}
<latexit sha1_base64="RM/vMF/FYHoxQEzIqAlLVtNDHm8=">AAACAXicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqEtBBovgqiRS1GXBjcsqthaaUCbTm3boZBJmJkIJWenP6ErUnb/gD/g3TmoW2npW595zLtxzgoQzpR3ny6osLa+srlXXaxubW9s79u5eV8WppNChMY9lLyAKOBPQ0Uxz6CUSSBRwuAsml4V+dw9SsVjc6mkCfkRGgoWMEm1WA/uQeExgLyJ6HATZTe4p0BETqcJe5nj5wK47DWcGvEjcktRRifbA/vSGMU0jEJpyolTfdRLtZ0RqRjnkNS9VkBA6ISPoGypIBMrPZjlyfBzGEusx4Nn825uRSKlpFBhP8aqa14rlf1o/1eGFnzGRpBoENRajhSnHOsZFHXjIJFDNp4YQKpn5EtMxkYRqU1rNxHfnwy6S7mnDPWs41816q1kWUUUH6AidIBedoxa6Qm3UQRQ9omf0ht6tB+vJerFef6wVq7zZR39gfXwDyn6W/w==</latexit>

El grado de un monomio es p + q
<latexit sha1_base64="L3ys5GCjDMABmVcJ2+KQnIRObKc=">AAACAnicbVDLSgNBEJyNrxhfUY8eHEwEQQi7QdRjQASPEcwDkiXMznaSIfNYZ2aFEHLTn9GTqDc/wR/wb5zEHDRap+quauiqKOHMWN//9DILi0vLK9nV3Nr6xuZWfnunblSqKdSo4ko3I2KAMwk1yyyHZqKBiIhDIxpcTPTGHWjDlLyxwwRCQXqSdRkl1q06+f1LjnuaxArHgFOJhZJKMIXB4GJyfFvs5At+yZ8C/yXBjBTQDNVO/qMdK5oKkJZyYkwr8BMbjoi2jHIY59qpgYTQAelBy1FJBJhwNA0yxoddpbHtA57OP70jIowZish5BLF9M69Nlv9prdR2z8MRk0lqQVJncVo35dgqPOkDx0wDtXzoCKGauS8x7RNNqHWt5Vz8YD7sX1Ivl4LTkn9dLlROZkVk0R46QEcoQGeogq5QFdUQRQ/oCb2iN+/ee/SevZdva8ab3eyiX/DevwD9UpW/</latexit>

3x2 y 5 grado = 7
<latexit sha1_base64="1vJz9vTMzkupu1hTNzB6FqsQEsY=">AAAB8nicbZDLTgIxFIY7eEO8MOrSTSMxwUTJDOJlY0LixiUmcklgIJ1yBho6l7Qdw2TCi+jKqDsfxRfwbSzIQsF/9fX8f5PzHzfiTCrL+jIyK6tr6xvZzdzW9s5u3tzbb8gwFhTqNOShaLlEAmcB1BVTHFqRAOK7HJru6HbqNx9BSBYGDyqJwPHJIGAeo0TpUc/MR8XxaXJyc3Y+7paT7kXPLFglaya8DPYcCmiuWs/87PRDGvsQKMqJlG3bipSTEqEY5TDJdWIJEaEjMoC2xoD4IJ10tvgEH3uhwGoIePb+nU2JL2XiuzrjEzWUi950+J/XjpV37aQsiGIFAdUR7XkxxyrE0/64zwRQxRMNhAqmt8R0SAShSl8pp+vbi2WXoVEu2Zcl675SqFbmh8iiQ3SEishGV6iK7lAN1RFFMXpGb+jdUMaT8WK8/kQzxvzPAfoj4+MbjzmPXA==</latexit>

p(x, y) =
<latexit sha1_base64="TjBPi5Xi3Tfh9v/5xFfw2UZ+clk=">AAAB63icbZDLTgIxFIY7eEO8oS7dNIKJKzJDjLgxIXHjEhO5RJiQTjkDDb1M2o4JITyFroy68218Ad/GgrNQ8F99Pf/f5PwnSjgz1ve/vNza+sbmVn67sLO7t39QPDxqGZVqCk2quNKdiBjgTELTMsuhk2ggIuLQjsY3c7/9CNowJe/tJIFQkKFkMaPEutHDUJOBwuXrWrlfLPkVfyG8CkEGJZSp0S9+9gaKpgKkpZwY0w38xIZToi2jHGaFXmogIXRMhtB1KIkAE04XG8/wWaw0tiPAi/fv7JQIYyYichlB7Mgse/Phf143tfFVOGUySS1I6iLOi1OOrcLz4njANFDLJw4I1cxtiemIaEKtO0/B1Q+Wy65Cq1oJLiv+XbVUv8gOkUcn6BSdowDVUB3dogZqIookekZv6N0T3pP34r3+RHNe9ucY/ZH38Q3Y/o1R</latexit>

p(x, y, z) = 5xyz grado = 3


<latexit sha1_base64="QUxu89bVqVewV3HNMn8E/ldsi5o=">AAAB7nicbZDLTgIxFIY7eEO8oS7dNBITTAiZMXjZmJC4cYmJXBKYkE45QENnprYdwzDhNXRl1J0P4wv4NhachYL/6uv5/ybnP57gTGnb/rIyK6tr6xvZzdzW9s7uXn7/oKHCSFKo05CHsuURBZwFUNdMc2gJCcT3ODS90c3Mbz6CVCwM7nUswPXJIGB9Rok2I1cUx6W4NDm9Ph/Hk26+YJftufAyOCkUUKpaN//Z6YU08iHQlBOl2o4ttJsQqRnlMM11IgWC0BEZQNtgQHxQbjJfeopP+qHEegh4/v6dTYivVOx7JuMTPVSL3mz4n9eOdP/KTVggIg0BNRHj9SOOdYhn3XGPSaCaxwYIlcxsiemQSEK1uVDO1HcWyy5D46zsXJTtu0qhWkkPkUVH6BgVkYMuURXdohqqI4oe0DN6Q++WsJ6sF+v1J5qx0j+H6I+sj2+CkI7p</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="rQ2oiNwoPxi00eT0u/GX8Yb1ISk=">AAAB63icbZDLTgIxFIbP4A3xhrp00wgmrsgMGnVjQuLGJSZyiTAhnVKgoZdJ2zEhE55CV0bd+Ta+gG9jwVko+K++nv9vcv4TxZwZ6/tfXm5ldW19I79Z2Nre2d0r7h80jUo0oQ2iuNLtCBvKmaQNyyyn7VhTLCJOW9H4Zua3Hqk2TMl7O4lpKPBQsgEj2LrRw1DjvkLl67Nyr1jyK/5caBmCDEqQqd4rfnb7iiSCSks4NqYT+LENU6wtI5xOC93E0BiTMR7SjkOJBTVhOt94ik4GSiM7omj+/p1NsTBmIiKXEdiOzKI3G/7ndRI7uApTJuPEUklcxHmDhCOr0Kw46jNNieUTB5ho5rZEZIQ1Jtadp+DqB4tll6FZrQQXFf+uWqqdZ4fIwxEcwykEcAk1uIU6NICAhGd4g3dPeE/ei/f6E8152Z9D+CPv4xvTAo1N</latexit>

p(x, y, z) = xy 2 = xyz 0 grado = 3


<latexit sha1_base64="32FVOToCUqB8+nu2vCkJmxqa/Yk=">AAAB9nicbVDLTgJBEJzFF+JrlaOXicQEE0J2CVEvJiRePGIijwQWMjv0woTZR2ZmDQvhV/Rk1Jsf4g/4Nw64BwXr0Knuqk66y404k8qyvozMxubW9k52N7e3f3B4ZB6fNGUYCwoNGvJQtF0igbMAGoopDu1IAPFdDi13fLvQW48gJAuDB5VE4PhkGDCPUaL0qG/mo+KklJSmFzeTpFfRZdqz+mbBKltL4HVip6SAUtT75md3ENLYh0BRTqTs2FaknBkRilEO81w3lhAROiZD6GgaEB+kM1seP8fnXiiwGgFe9r+9M+JLmfiu9vhEjeSqthj+p3Vi5V07MxZEsYKAaovWvJhjFeJFBnjABFDFE00IFUxfiemICEKVTiqn37dXn10nzUrZvixb99VCrZoGkUWn6AwVkY2uUA3doTpqIIoS9Ize0LsxMZ6MF+P1x5ox0p08+gPj4xsWkJFt</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="rQ2oiNwoPxi00eT0u/GX8Yb1ISk=">AAAB63icbZDLTgIxFIbP4A3xhrp00wgmrsgMGnVjQuLGJSZyiTAhnVKgoZdJ2zEhE55CV0bd+Ta+gG9jwVko+K++nv9vcv4TxZwZ6/tfXm5ldW19I79Z2Nre2d0r7h80jUo0oQ2iuNLtCBvKmaQNyyyn7VhTLCJOW9H4Zua3Hqk2TMl7O4lpKPBQsgEj2LrRw1DjvkLl67Nyr1jyK/5caBmCDEqQqd4rfnb7iiSCSks4NqYT+LENU6wtI5xOC93E0BiTMR7SjkOJBTVhOt94ik4GSiM7omj+/p1NsTBmIiKXEdiOzKI3G/7ndRI7uApTJuPEUklcxHmDhCOr0Kw46jNNieUTB5ho5rZEZIQ1Jtadp+DqB4tll6FZrQQXFf+uWqqdZ4fIwxEcwykEcAk1uIU6NICAhGd4g3dPeE/ei/f6E8152Z9D+CPv4xvTAo1N</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

Polinomio de varias variables.

Un monomio de dos variables es un campo escalar


<latexit sha1_base64="pgglsQpXCQ9Ph+irP6inNZ3rTw8=">AAACEnicbVDLTgJBEJz1ifhCPXqZSEw84S4x6pHEi0dM5JEAIb1DAxPmsZmZJSGEv9Cf0ZNRb/yAf+OAHBSszKGmqzrpqjgR3Low/ArW1jc2t7YzO9ndvf2Dw9zRcdXq1DCsMC20qcdgUXCFFcedwHpiEGQssBYP7mZ6bYjGcq0e3SjBloSe4l3OwPlRO3dZUVRqpSXXtIO0oy0dguHg9y31L1WUgUy05wwEmHYuHxbCOegqiRYkTxYot3PTZkezVKJyTIC1jShMXGsMxnEmcJJtphYTYAPoYcNTBRJtazwPNqHnXW2o6yOd/397xyCtHcnYeyS4vl3WZsP/tEbquretMVdJ6lAxb/FaNxXUaTrrh3a4QebEyBNghvsrKeuDAeZ8i1kfP1oOu0qqxUJ0XQgfivnS1aKIDDklZ+SCROSGlMg9KZMKYeSZvJIP8hk8BS/BW/D+Y10LFjsn5A+C6Td1Z506</latexit>

de la forma p(x, y) = axp y q p, q 2 N [ {0}


<latexit sha1_base64="Qr+qz0N1maqMtYR0vpXaE+eY5ZY=">AAAB/3icbVDLSgNBEJz1GeMr6lEPg4kQQcJuEPUiBLx4jGAekBe9k04yZPbhzKxkCTnoz+hJ1Jv/4A/4N05iDppYp+quaugqNxRcadv+shYWl5ZXVhNryfWNza3t1M5uWQWRZFhigQhk1QWFgvtY0lwLrIYSwXMFVtz+1Viv3KNUPPBvdRxiw4OuzzucgTarVuqgjVQA7QTSA5oJs4OT+PgSBs0wbt5lWqm0nbMnoPPEmZI0maLYSn3W2wGLPPQ1E6BUzbFD3RiC1JwJHCXrkcIQWB+6WDPUBw9VYzhJMaJH5gmqe0gn82/vEDylYs81Hg90T81q4+V/Wi3SnYvGkPthpNFnxmK0TiSoDui4DNrmEpkWsSHAJDdfUtYDCUybypImvjMbdp6U8znnLGff5NOF02kRCbJPDkmWOOScFMg1KZISYeSRPJM38m49WE/Wi/X6Y12wpjd75A+sj2/6I5Sq</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="1SLucKf3WiOXZ0sF42S42Yi+T5U=">AAAB/nicbVDLSsNAFL3xWesr6rKbwSK4kJJIUZcFN66kgn1AE8pkOmmHTiZxZiKUUNCf0ZWoOz/CH/BvnNQstPWszr3nXLjnBAlnSjvOl7W0vLK6tl7aKG9ube/s2nv7bRWnktAWiXksuwFWlDNBW5ppTruJpDgKOO0E48tc79xTqVgsbvUkoX6Eh4KFjGBtVn27kpzceUwgL8J6FATZ9dQjaYK8zPGmfbvq1JwZ0CJxC1KFAs2+/ekNYpJGVGjCsVI910m0n2GpGeF0WvZSRRNMxnhIe4YKHFHlZ7MQU3QUxhLpEUWz+bc3w5FSkygwnvxLNa/ly/+0XqrDCz9jIkk1FcRYjBamHOkY5V2gAZOUaD4xBBPJzJeIjLDERJvGyia+Ox92kbRPa+5ZzbmpVxv1oogSVOAQjsGFc2jAFTShBQQe4Rne4N16sJ6sF+v1x7pkFTcH8AfWxzfsKJVZ</latexit>

a 2 R \ {0}
<latexit sha1_base64="RM/vMF/FYHoxQEzIqAlLVtNDHm8=">AAACAXicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqEtBBovgqiRS1GXBjcsqthaaUCbTm3boZBJmJkIJWenP6ErUnb/gD/g3TmoW2npW595zLtxzgoQzpR3ny6osLa+srlXXaxubW9s79u5eV8WppNChMY9lLyAKOBPQ0Uxz6CUSSBRwuAsml4V+dw9SsVjc6mkCfkRGgoWMEm1WA/uQeExgLyJ6HATZTe4p0BETqcJe5nj5wK47DWcGvEjcktRRifbA/vSGMU0jEJpyolTfdRLtZ0RqRjnkNS9VkBA6ISPoGypIBMrPZjlyfBzGEusx4Nn825uRSKlpFBhP8aqa14rlf1o/1eGFnzGRpBoENRajhSnHOsZFHXjIJFDNp4YQKpn5EtMxkYRqU1rNxHfnwy6S7mnDPWs41816q1kWUUUH6AidIBedoxa6Qm3UQRQ9omf0ht6tB+vJerFef6wVq7zZR39gfXwDyn6W/w==</latexit>

El grado de un monomio es p + q
<latexit sha1_base64="L3ys5GCjDMABmVcJ2+KQnIRObKc=">AAACAnicbVDLSgNBEJyNrxhfUY8eHEwEQQi7QdRjQASPEcwDkiXMznaSIfNYZ2aFEHLTn9GTqDc/wR/wb5zEHDRap+quauiqKOHMWN//9DILi0vLK9nV3Nr6xuZWfnunblSqKdSo4ko3I2KAMwk1yyyHZqKBiIhDIxpcTPTGHWjDlLyxwwRCQXqSdRkl1q06+f1LjnuaxArHgFOJhZJKMIXB4GJyfFvs5At+yZ8C/yXBjBTQDNVO/qMdK5oKkJZyYkwr8BMbjoi2jHIY59qpgYTQAelBy1FJBJhwNA0yxoddpbHtA57OP70jIowZish5BLF9M69Nlv9prdR2z8MRk0lqQVJncVo35dgqPOkDx0wDtXzoCKGauS8x7RNNqHWt5Vz8YD7sX1Ivl4LTkn9dLlROZkVk0R46QEcoQGeogq5QFdUQRQ/oCb2iN+/ee/SevZdva8ab3eyiX/DevwD9UpW/</latexit>

Un polinomio es una suma de monomios


<latexit sha1_base64="y0VfaEg1shjc1v+ea9t5jAcs3Eo=">AAACB3icbVBLTwIxGOziC/GFevTSiCaeyC4x6pHEi0dM5JHAhnTLt9DQx6btmpANP0D/jJ6MevPuH/DfWFYOCs5pOjNf0pko4cxY3//yCiura+sbxc3S1vbO7l55/6BlVKopNKniSnciYoAzCU3LLIdOooGIiEM7Gl/P/PY9aMOUvLOTBEJBhpLFjBLrpH75pClxoty1EkxhMDiVBJtUEDwALFQum3654lf9HHiZBHNSQXM0+uXP3kDRVIC0lBNjuoGf2DAj2jLKYVrqpQYSQsdkCF1HJRFgwixvM8WnsdLYjgDn79/ZjAhjJiJyGUHsyCx6M/E/r5va+CrMmExSC5K6iPPilGOr8GwUPGAaqOUTRwjVzP0S0xHRhFo3XcnVDxbLLpNWrRpcVP3bWqV+Ph+iiI7QMTpDAbpEdXSDGqiJKHpEz+gNvXsP3pP34r3+RAve/OYQ/YH38Q2S8ZkC</latexit>

El grado es el mayor del de sus monomios


<latexit sha1_base64="2OMc2Tak1leR+pyzXv2iq2fGicY=">AAACC3icbZDNSgMxFIUz9a/Wv1GXboJF6KrMFFGXBRFcVrCt0A4lk7ltQ5PJkGSEYegj6MvoStSdO1/AtzGts9DWu/pyzwncc8KEM20878sprayurW+UNytb2zu7e+7+QUfLVFFoU8mluguJBs5iaBtmONwlCogIOXTDyeVM796D0kzGtyZLIBBkFLMho8TY1cCtXXE8UiSSGDQGjgXJpMKRpQiwTjUWMpaCST1wq17dmw9eBr+AKiqmNXA/+5GkqYDYUE607vleYoKcKMMoh2mln2pICJ2QEfQsxkSADvJ5oik+GdorzBjw/P3bmxOhdSZC6xHEjPWiNlv+p/VSM7wIchYnqYGYWovVhinHRuJZMThiCqjhmQVCFbNXYjomilBj66vY+P5i2GXoNOr+Wd27aVSbp0URZXSEjlEN+egcNdE1aqE2ougRPaM39O48OE/Oi/P6Yy05xZ9D9Gecj2+5o5oe</latexit>

Su dominio es U = R2
<latexit sha1_base64="7yBguRFIzZkdtD8D2rTPPjkjXwE=">AAACAXicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqEtBBlvBVUmKqBuh4MZlffQBbSyT6W07dJIJMxOhhK70Z3Ql6s5f8Af8Gyc1C209q3PvORfuOX7EmdKO82XlFhaXllfyq4W19Y3NLXt7p6FELCnUqeBCtnyigLMQ6pppDq1IAgl8Dk1/dJHqzXuQionwVo8j8AIyCFmfUaLNqmvv38S4JwIWMoFB4VL9vBMQPfT95HpyVyl17aJTdqbA88TNSBFlqHXtz05P0DiAUFNOlGq7TqS9hEjNKIdJoRMriAgdkQG0DQ1JAMpLpjkm+LAvJNZDwNP5tzchgVLjwDee9D01q6XL/7R2rPtnXsLCKNYQUmMxWj/mWAuc1oF7TALVfGwIoZKZLzEdEkmoNqUVTHx3Nuw8aVTK7knZuaoUq8dZEXm0hw7QEXLRKaqiS1RDdUTRI3pGb+jderCerBfr9ceas7KbXfQH1sc39wKVzg==</latexit>

p(x, y) = 5x2 y 2 x3 + 1
<latexit sha1_base64="ClHUAxzFPIfLDYXwRALw4RvMXEs=">AAAB93icbZDLTsJAFIZP8YZ4q5edm0ZiglFJi3jZmJC4cYmJXBIoZDpMYcL0kpmpoTY8i66MuvM9fAHfxgG7UPBffXP+f5JzfidkVEjT/NIyC4tLyyvZ1dza+sbmlr69UxdBxDGp4YAFvOkgQRj1SU1SyUgz5AR5DiMNZ3gz8RsPhAsa+PcyDontob5PXYqRVKOuvhcWRifx0fX5qFOKO6XTUefs2OrqebNoTmXMg5VCHlJVu/pnuxfgyCO+xAwJ0bLMUNoJ4pJiRsa5diRIiPAQ9UlLoY88Iuxkuv3YOHQDbsgBMabv39kEeULEnqMyHpIDMetNhv95rUi6V3ZC/TCSxMcqojw3YoYMjEkJRo9ygiWLFSDMqdrSwAPEEZaqqpw635o9dh7qpaJ1UTTvyvlKOS0iC/twAAWw4BIqcAtVqAGGR3iGN3jXYu1Je9Fef6IZLf2zC3+kfXwDd5eQ8g==</latexit>

p(x, y, z) = ⇡xy 2 + xz y3
<latexit sha1_base64="X2Eq9IqadGxBAtDRyHmaOSA/GDk=">AAAB+3icbVDLTsJAFJ3iC/FVdWPiZiIxwYikRaJuTEjcuMREHgkUMh0GmDBtJzNTQ2nwZ3Rl1J1/4Q/4Nw7YhYJnde495yb3HJczKpVlfRmppeWV1bX0emZjc2t7x9zdq8kgFJhUccAC0XCRJIz6pKqoYqTBBUGey0jdHd5M9foDEZIG/r2KOHE81Pdpj2Kk9KpjHvDcKB/lxyfXLU7hKGoXT0fjs6h93jGzVsGaAS4SOyFZkKDSMT9b3QCHHvEVZkjKpm1x5cRIKIoZmWRaoSQc4SHqk6amPvKIdOJZggk87gUCqgGBs/m3N0aelJHnao+H1EDOa9Plf1ozVL0rJ6Y+DxXxsbZorRcyqAI4LQJ2qSBYsUgThAXVX0I8QAJhpevK6Pj2fNhFUisW7IuCdVfKlktJEWlwCI5ADtjgEpTBLaiAKsDgETyDN/BuTIwn48V4/bGmjORmH/yB8fENG6WTEg==</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

Polinomio de varias variables.

Un monomio de dos variables es un campo escalar


<latexit sha1_base64="pgglsQpXCQ9Ph+irP6inNZ3rTw8=">AAACEnicbVDLTgJBEJz1ifhCPXqZSEw84S4x6pHEi0dM5JEAIb1DAxPmsZmZJSGEv9Cf0ZNRb/yAf+OAHBSszKGmqzrpqjgR3Low/ArW1jc2t7YzO9ndvf2Dw9zRcdXq1DCsMC20qcdgUXCFFcedwHpiEGQssBYP7mZ6bYjGcq0e3SjBloSe4l3OwPlRO3dZUVRqpSXXtIO0oy0dguHg9y31L1WUgUy05wwEmHYuHxbCOegqiRYkTxYot3PTZkezVKJyTIC1jShMXGsMxnEmcJJtphYTYAPoYcNTBRJtazwPNqHnXW2o6yOd/397xyCtHcnYeyS4vl3WZsP/tEbquretMVdJ6lAxb/FaNxXUaTrrh3a4QebEyBNghvsrKeuDAeZ8i1kfP1oOu0qqxUJ0XQgfivnS1aKIDDklZ+SCROSGlMg9KZMKYeSZvJIP8hk8BS/BW/D+Y10LFjsn5A+C6Td1Z506</latexit>

de la forma p(x, y) = axp y q p, q 2 N [ {0}


<latexit sha1_base64="Qr+qz0N1maqMtYR0vpXaE+eY5ZY=">AAAB/3icbVDLSgNBEJz1GeMr6lEPg4kQQcJuEPUiBLx4jGAekBe9k04yZPbhzKxkCTnoz+hJ1Jv/4A/4N05iDppYp+quaugqNxRcadv+shYWl5ZXVhNryfWNza3t1M5uWQWRZFhigQhk1QWFgvtY0lwLrIYSwXMFVtz+1Viv3KNUPPBvdRxiw4OuzzucgTarVuqgjVQA7QTSA5oJs4OT+PgSBs0wbt5lWqm0nbMnoPPEmZI0maLYSn3W2wGLPPQ1E6BUzbFD3RiC1JwJHCXrkcIQWB+6WDPUBw9VYzhJMaJH5gmqe0gn82/vEDylYs81Hg90T81q4+V/Wi3SnYvGkPthpNFnxmK0TiSoDui4DNrmEpkWsSHAJDdfUtYDCUybypImvjMbdp6U8znnLGff5NOF02kRCbJPDkmWOOScFMg1KZISYeSRPJM38m49WE/Wi/X6Y12wpjd75A+sj2/6I5Sq</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="1SLucKf3WiOXZ0sF42S42Yi+T5U=">AAAB/nicbVDLSsNAFL3xWesr6rKbwSK4kJJIUZcFN66kgn1AE8pkOmmHTiZxZiKUUNCf0ZWoOz/CH/BvnNQstPWszr3nXLjnBAlnSjvOl7W0vLK6tl7aKG9ube/s2nv7bRWnktAWiXksuwFWlDNBW5ppTruJpDgKOO0E48tc79xTqVgsbvUkoX6Eh4KFjGBtVn27kpzceUwgL8J6FATZ9dQjaYK8zPGmfbvq1JwZ0CJxC1KFAs2+/ekNYpJGVGjCsVI910m0n2GpGeF0WvZSRRNMxnhIe4YKHFHlZ7MQU3QUxhLpEUWz+bc3w5FSkygwnvxLNa/ly/+0XqrDCz9jIkk1FcRYjBamHOkY5V2gAZOUaD4xBBPJzJeIjLDERJvGyia+Ox92kbRPa+5ZzbmpVxv1oogSVOAQjsGFc2jAFTShBQQe4Rne4N16sJ6sF+v1x7pkFTcH8AfWxzfsKJVZ</latexit>

a 2 R \ {0}
<latexit sha1_base64="RM/vMF/FYHoxQEzIqAlLVtNDHm8=">AAACAXicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqEtBBovgqiRS1GXBjcsqthaaUCbTm3boZBJmJkIJWenP6ErUnb/gD/g3TmoW2npW595zLtxzgoQzpR3ny6osLa+srlXXaxubW9s79u5eV8WppNChMY9lLyAKOBPQ0Uxz6CUSSBRwuAsml4V+dw9SsVjc6mkCfkRGgoWMEm1WA/uQeExgLyJ6HATZTe4p0BETqcJe5nj5wK47DWcGvEjcktRRifbA/vSGMU0jEJpyolTfdRLtZ0RqRjnkNS9VkBA6ISPoGypIBMrPZjlyfBzGEusx4Nn825uRSKlpFBhP8aqa14rlf1o/1eGFnzGRpBoENRajhSnHOsZFHXjIJFDNp4YQKpn5EtMxkYRqU1rNxHfnwy6S7mnDPWs41816q1kWUUUH6AidIBedoxa6Qm3UQRQ9omf0ht6tB+vJerFef6wVq7zZR39gfXwDyn6W/w==</latexit>

El grado de un monomio es p + q
<latexit sha1_base64="L3ys5GCjDMABmVcJ2+KQnIRObKc=">AAACAnicbVDLSgNBEJyNrxhfUY8eHEwEQQi7QdRjQASPEcwDkiXMznaSIfNYZ2aFEHLTn9GTqDc/wR/wb5zEHDRap+quauiqKOHMWN//9DILi0vLK9nV3Nr6xuZWfnunblSqKdSo4ko3I2KAMwk1yyyHZqKBiIhDIxpcTPTGHWjDlLyxwwRCQXqSdRkl1q06+f1LjnuaxArHgFOJhZJKMIXB4GJyfFvs5At+yZ8C/yXBjBTQDNVO/qMdK5oKkJZyYkwr8BMbjoi2jHIY59qpgYTQAelBy1FJBJhwNA0yxoddpbHtA57OP70jIowZish5BLF9M69Nlv9prdR2z8MRk0lqQVJncVo35dgqPOkDx0wDtXzoCKGauS8x7RNNqHWt5Vz8YD7sX1Ivl4LTkn9dLlROZkVk0R46QEcoQGeogq5QFdUQRQ/oCb2iN+/ee/SevZdva8ab3eyiX/DevwD9UpW/</latexit>

Un polinomio es una suma de monomios


<latexit sha1_base64="y0VfaEg1shjc1v+ea9t5jAcs3Eo=">AAACB3icbVBLTwIxGOziC/GFevTSiCaeyC4x6pHEi0dM5JHAhnTLt9DQx6btmpANP0D/jJ6MevPuH/DfWFYOCs5pOjNf0pko4cxY3//yCiura+sbxc3S1vbO7l55/6BlVKopNKniSnciYoAzCU3LLIdOooGIiEM7Gl/P/PY9aMOUvLOTBEJBhpLFjBLrpH75pClxoty1EkxhMDiVBJtUEDwALFQum3654lf9HHiZBHNSQXM0+uXP3kDRVIC0lBNjuoGf2DAj2jLKYVrqpQYSQsdkCF1HJRFgwixvM8WnsdLYjgDn79/ZjAhjJiJyGUHsyCx6M/E/r5va+CrMmExSC5K6iPPilGOr8GwUPGAaqOUTRwjVzP0S0xHRhFo3XcnVDxbLLpNWrRpcVP3bWqV+Ph+iiI7QMTpDAbpEdXSDGqiJKHpEz+gNvXsP3pP34r3+RAve/OYQ/YH38Q2S8ZkC</latexit>

El grado es el mayor del de sus monomios


<latexit sha1_base64="2OMc2Tak1leR+pyzXv2iq2fGicY=">AAACC3icbZDNSgMxFIUz9a/Wv1GXboJF6KrMFFGXBRFcVrCt0A4lk7ltQ5PJkGSEYegj6MvoStSdO1/AtzGts9DWu/pyzwncc8KEM20878sprayurW+UNytb2zu7e+7+QUfLVFFoU8mluguJBs5iaBtmONwlCogIOXTDyeVM796D0kzGtyZLIBBkFLMho8TY1cCtXXE8UiSSGDQGjgXJpMKRpQiwTjUWMpaCST1wq17dmw9eBr+AKiqmNXA/+5GkqYDYUE607vleYoKcKMMoh2mln2pICJ2QEfQsxkSADvJ5oik+GdorzBjw/P3bmxOhdSZC6xHEjPWiNlv+p/VSM7wIchYnqYGYWovVhinHRuJZMThiCqjhmQVCFbNXYjomilBj66vY+P5i2GXoNOr+Wd27aVSbp0URZXSEjlEN+egcNdE1aqE2ougRPaM39O48OE/Oi/P6Yy05xZ9D9Gecj2+5o5oe</latexit>

Su dominio es U = R2
<latexit sha1_base64="7yBguRFIzZkdtD8D2rTPPjkjXwE=">AAACAXicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqEtBBlvBVUmKqBuh4MZlffQBbSyT6W07dJIJMxOhhK70Z3Ql6s5f8Af8Gyc1C209q3PvORfuOX7EmdKO82XlFhaXllfyq4W19Y3NLXt7p6FELCnUqeBCtnyigLMQ6pppDq1IAgl8Dk1/dJHqzXuQionwVo8j8AIyCFmfUaLNqmvv38S4JwIWMoFB4VL9vBMQPfT95HpyVyl17aJTdqbA88TNSBFlqHXtz05P0DiAUFNOlGq7TqS9hEjNKIdJoRMriAgdkQG0DQ1JAMpLpjkm+LAvJNZDwNP5tzchgVLjwDee9D01q6XL/7R2rPtnXsLCKNYQUmMxWj/mWAuc1oF7TALVfGwIoZKZLzEdEkmoNqUVTHx3Nuw8aVTK7knZuaoUq8dZEXm0hw7QEXLRKaqiS1RDdUTRI3pGb+jderCerBfr9ceas7KbXfQH1sc39wKVzg==</latexit>

2 2 3
<latexit sha1_base64="ClHUAxzFPIfLDYXwRALw4RvMXEs=">AAAB93icbZDLTsJAFIZP8YZ4q5edm0ZiglFJi3jZmJC4cYmJXBIoZDpMYcL0kpmpoTY8i66MuvM9fAHfxgG7UPBffXP+f5JzfidkVEjT/NIyC4tLyyvZ1dza+sbmlr69UxdBxDGp4YAFvOkgQRj1SU1SyUgz5AR5DiMNZ3gz8RsPhAsa+PcyDontob5PXYqRVKOuvhcWRifx0fX5qFOKO6XTUefs2OrqebNoTmXMg5VCHlJVu/pnuxfgyCO+xAwJ0bLMUNoJ4pJiRsa5diRIiPAQ9UlLoY88Iuxkuv3YOHQDbsgBMabv39kEeULEnqMyHpIDMetNhv95rUi6V3ZC/TCSxMcqojw3YoYMjEkJRo9ygiWLFSDMqdrSwAPEEZaqqpw635o9dh7qpaJ1UTTvyvlKOS0iC/twAAWw4BIqcAtVqAGGR3iGN3jXYu1Je9Fef6IZLf2zC3+kfXwDd5eQ8g==</latexit>

x + 1 grado = 4
<latexit sha1_base64="Dsy/AbOyFDl8klhj0yMiAmnB2XQ=">AAAB63icbZDLTgIxFIY7eEO8oS7dNIKJKzJDiLoxIXHjEhO5RJiQTjkDDb1M2o4JITyFroy68218Ad/GgrNQ8F99Pf/f5PwnSjgz1ve/vNza+sbmVn67sLO7t39QPDxqGZVqCk2quNKdiBjgTELTMsuhk2ggIuLQjsY3c7/9CNowJe/tJIFQkKFkMaPEutHDUJOBwuXrWrlfLPkVfyG8CkEGJZSp0S9+9gaKpgKkpZwY0w38xIZToi2jHGaFXmogIXRMhtB1KIkAE04XG8/wWaw0tiPAi/fv7JQIYyYichlB7Mgse/Phf143tfFVOGUySS1I6iLOi1OOrcLz4njANFDLJw4I1cxtiemIaEKtO0/B1Q+Wy65Cq1oJLir+XbVUr2WHyKMTdIrOUYAuUR3dogZqIookekZv6N0T3pP34r3+RHNe9ucY/ZH38Q3UgY1O</latexit>

p(x, y) = 5x y
p(x, y, z) = ⇡xy 2 + xz y 3 grado = 3
<latexit sha1_base64="X2Eq9IqadGxBAtDRyHmaOSA/GDk=">AAAB+3icbVDLTsJAFJ3iC/FVdWPiZiIxwYikRaJuTEjcuMREHgkUMh0GmDBtJzNTQ2nwZ3Rl1J1/4Q/4Nw7YhYJnde495yb3HJczKpVlfRmppeWV1bX0emZjc2t7x9zdq8kgFJhUccAC0XCRJIz6pKqoYqTBBUGey0jdHd5M9foDEZIG/r2KOHE81Pdpj2Kk9KpjHvDcKB/lxyfXLU7hKGoXT0fjs6h93jGzVsGaAS4SOyFZkKDSMT9b3QCHHvEVZkjKpm1x5cRIKIoZmWRaoSQc4SHqk6amPvKIdOJZggk87gUCqgGBs/m3N0aelJHnao+H1EDOa9Plf1ozVL0rJ6Y+DxXxsbZorRcyqAI4LQJ2qSBYsUgThAXVX0I8QAJhpevK6Pj2fNhFUisW7IuCdVfKlktJEWlwCI5ADtjgEpTBLaiAKsDgETyDN/BuTIwn48V4/bGmjORmH/yB8fENG6WTEg==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="rQ2oiNwoPxi00eT0u/GX8Yb1ISk=">AAAB63icbZDLTgIxFIbP4A3xhrp00wgmrsgMGnVjQuLGJSZyiTAhnVKgoZdJ2zEhE55CV0bd+Ta+gG9jwVko+K++nv9vcv4TxZwZ6/tfXm5ldW19I79Z2Nre2d0r7h80jUo0oQ2iuNLtCBvKmaQNyyyn7VhTLCJOW9H4Zua3Hqk2TMl7O4lpKPBQsgEj2LrRw1DjvkLl67Nyr1jyK/5caBmCDEqQqd4rfnb7iiSCSks4NqYT+LENU6wtI5xOC93E0BiTMR7SjkOJBTVhOt94ik4GSiM7omj+/p1NsTBmIiKXEdiOzKI3G/7ndRI7uApTJuPEUklcxHmDhCOr0Kw46jNNieUTB5ho5rZEZIQ1Jtadp+DqB4tll6FZrQQXFf+uWqqdZ4fIwxEcwykEcAk1uIU6NICAhGd4g3dPeE/ei/f6E8152Z9D+CPv4xvTAo1N</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

Polinomio de varias variables.

Un monomio de dos variables es un campo escalar


<latexit sha1_base64="pgglsQpXCQ9Ph+irP6inNZ3rTw8=">AAACEnicbVDLTgJBEJz1ifhCPXqZSEw84S4x6pHEi0dM5JEAIb1DAxPmsZmZJSGEv9Cf0ZNRb/yAf+OAHBSszKGmqzrpqjgR3Low/ArW1jc2t7YzO9ndvf2Dw9zRcdXq1DCsMC20qcdgUXCFFcedwHpiEGQssBYP7mZ6bYjGcq0e3SjBloSe4l3OwPlRO3dZUVRqpSXXtIO0oy0dguHg9y31L1WUgUy05wwEmHYuHxbCOegqiRYkTxYot3PTZkezVKJyTIC1jShMXGsMxnEmcJJtphYTYAPoYcNTBRJtazwPNqHnXW2o6yOd/397xyCtHcnYeyS4vl3WZsP/tEbquretMVdJ6lAxb/FaNxXUaTrrh3a4QebEyBNghvsrKeuDAeZ8i1kfP1oOu0qqxUJ0XQgfivnS1aKIDDklZ+SCROSGlMg9KZMKYeSZvJIP8hk8BS/BW/D+Y10LFjsn5A+C6Td1Z506</latexit>

de la forma p(x, y) = axp y q p, q 2 N [ {0}


<latexit sha1_base64="Qr+qz0N1maqMtYR0vpXaE+eY5ZY=">AAAB/3icbVDLSgNBEJz1GeMr6lEPg4kQQcJuEPUiBLx4jGAekBe9k04yZPbhzKxkCTnoz+hJ1Jv/4A/4N05iDppYp+quaugqNxRcadv+shYWl5ZXVhNryfWNza3t1M5uWQWRZFhigQhk1QWFgvtY0lwLrIYSwXMFVtz+1Viv3KNUPPBvdRxiw4OuzzucgTarVuqgjVQA7QTSA5oJs4OT+PgSBs0wbt5lWqm0nbMnoPPEmZI0maLYSn3W2wGLPPQ1E6BUzbFD3RiC1JwJHCXrkcIQWB+6WDPUBw9VYzhJMaJH5gmqe0gn82/vEDylYs81Hg90T81q4+V/Wi3SnYvGkPthpNFnxmK0TiSoDui4DNrmEpkWsSHAJDdfUtYDCUybypImvjMbdp6U8znnLGff5NOF02kRCbJPDkmWOOScFMg1KZISYeSRPJM38m49WE/Wi/X6Y12wpjd75A+sj2/6I5Sq</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="1SLucKf3WiOXZ0sF42S42Yi+T5U=">AAAB/nicbVDLSsNAFL3xWesr6rKbwSK4kJJIUZcFN66kgn1AE8pkOmmHTiZxZiKUUNCf0ZWoOz/CH/BvnNQstPWszr3nXLjnBAlnSjvOl7W0vLK6tl7aKG9ube/s2nv7bRWnktAWiXksuwFWlDNBW5ppTruJpDgKOO0E48tc79xTqVgsbvUkoX6Eh4KFjGBtVn27kpzceUwgL8J6FATZ9dQjaYK8zPGmfbvq1JwZ0CJxC1KFAs2+/ekNYpJGVGjCsVI910m0n2GpGeF0WvZSRRNMxnhIe4YKHFHlZ7MQU3QUxhLpEUWz+bc3w5FSkygwnvxLNa/ly/+0XqrDCz9jIkk1FcRYjBamHOkY5V2gAZOUaD4xBBPJzJeIjLDERJvGyia+Ox92kbRPa+5ZzbmpVxv1oogSVOAQjsGFc2jAFTShBQQe4Rne4N16sJ6sF+v1x7pkFTcH8AfWxzfsKJVZ</latexit>

a 2 R \ {0}
<latexit sha1_base64="RM/vMF/FYHoxQEzIqAlLVtNDHm8=">AAACAXicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqEtBBovgqiRS1GXBjcsqthaaUCbTm3boZBJmJkIJWenP6ErUnb/gD/g3TmoW2npW595zLtxzgoQzpR3ny6osLa+srlXXaxubW9s79u5eV8WppNChMY9lLyAKOBPQ0Uxz6CUSSBRwuAsml4V+dw9SsVjc6mkCfkRGgoWMEm1WA/uQeExgLyJ6HATZTe4p0BETqcJe5nj5wK47DWcGvEjcktRRifbA/vSGMU0jEJpyolTfdRLtZ0RqRjnkNS9VkBA6ISPoGypIBMrPZjlyfBzGEusx4Nn825uRSKlpFBhP8aqa14rlf1o/1eGFnzGRpBoENRajhSnHOsZFHXjIJFDNp4YQKpn5EtMxkYRqU1rNxHfnwy6S7mnDPWs41816q1kWUUUH6AidIBedoxa6Qm3UQRQ9omf0ht6tB+vJerFef6wVq7zZR39gfXwDyn6W/w==</latexit>

El grado de un monomio es p + q
<latexit sha1_base64="L3ys5GCjDMABmVcJ2+KQnIRObKc=">AAACAnicbVDLSgNBEJyNrxhfUY8eHEwEQQi7QdRjQASPEcwDkiXMznaSIfNYZ2aFEHLTn9GTqDc/wR/wb5zEHDRap+quauiqKOHMWN//9DILi0vLK9nV3Nr6xuZWfnunblSqKdSo4ko3I2KAMwk1yyyHZqKBiIhDIxpcTPTGHWjDlLyxwwRCQXqSdRkl1q06+f1LjnuaxArHgFOJhZJKMIXB4GJyfFvs5At+yZ8C/yXBjBTQDNVO/qMdK5oKkJZyYkwr8BMbjoi2jHIY59qpgYTQAelBy1FJBJhwNA0yxoddpbHtA57OP70jIowZish5BLF9M69Nlv9prdR2z8MRk0lqQVJncVo35dgqPOkDx0wDtXzoCKGauS8x7RNNqHWt5Vz8YD7sX1Ivl4LTkn9dLlROZkVk0R46QEcoQGeogq5QFdUQRQ/oCb2iN+/ee/SevZdva8ab3eyiX/DevwD9UpW/</latexit>

Un polinomio es una suma de monomios


<latexit sha1_base64="y0VfaEg1shjc1v+ea9t5jAcs3Eo=">AAACB3icbVBLTwIxGOziC/GFevTSiCaeyC4x6pHEi0dM5JHAhnTLt9DQx6btmpANP0D/jJ6MevPuH/DfWFYOCs5pOjNf0pko4cxY3//yCiura+sbxc3S1vbO7l55/6BlVKopNKniSnciYoAzCU3LLIdOooGIiEM7Gl/P/PY9aMOUvLOTBEJBhpLFjBLrpH75pClxoty1EkxhMDiVBJtUEDwALFQum3654lf9HHiZBHNSQXM0+uXP3kDRVIC0lBNjuoGf2DAj2jLKYVrqpQYSQsdkCF1HJRFgwixvM8WnsdLYjgDn79/ZjAhjJiJyGUHsyCx6M/E/r5va+CrMmExSC5K6iPPilGOr8GwUPGAaqOUTRwjVzP0S0xHRhFo3XcnVDxbLLpNWrRpcVP3bWqV+Ph+iiI7QMTpDAbpEdXSDGqiJKHpEz+gNvXsP3pP34r3+RAve/OYQ/YH38Q2S8ZkC</latexit>

El grado es el mayor del de sus monomios


<latexit sha1_base64="2OMc2Tak1leR+pyzXv2iq2fGicY=">AAACC3icbZDNSgMxFIUz9a/Wv1GXboJF6KrMFFGXBRFcVrCt0A4lk7ltQ5PJkGSEYegj6MvoStSdO1/AtzGts9DWu/pyzwncc8KEM20878sprayurW+UNytb2zu7e+7+QUfLVFFoU8mluguJBs5iaBtmONwlCogIOXTDyeVM796D0kzGtyZLIBBkFLMho8TY1cCtXXE8UiSSGDQGjgXJpMKRpQiwTjUWMpaCST1wq17dmw9eBr+AKiqmNXA/+5GkqYDYUE607vleYoKcKMMoh2mln2pICJ2QEfQsxkSADvJ5oik+GdorzBjw/P3bmxOhdSZC6xHEjPWiNlv+p/VSM7wIchYnqYGYWovVhinHRuJZMThiCqjhmQVCFbNXYjomilBj66vY+P5i2GXoNOr+Wd27aVSbp0URZXSEjlEN+egcNdE1aqE2ougRPaM39O48OE/Oi/P6Yy05xZ9D9Gecj2+5o5oe</latexit>

Su dominio es U = R2
<latexit sha1_base64="7yBguRFIzZkdtD8D2rTPPjkjXwE=">AAACAXicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqEtBBlvBVUmKqBuh4MZlffQBbSyT6W07dJIJMxOhhK70Z3Ql6s5f8Af8Gyc1C209q3PvORfuOX7EmdKO82XlFhaXllfyq4W19Y3NLXt7p6FELCnUqeBCtnyigLMQ6pppDq1IAgl8Dk1/dJHqzXuQionwVo8j8AIyCFmfUaLNqmvv38S4JwIWMoFB4VL9vBMQPfT95HpyVyl17aJTdqbA88TNSBFlqHXtz05P0DiAUFNOlGq7TqS9hEjNKIdJoRMriAgdkQG0DQ1JAMpLpjkm+LAvJNZDwNP5tzchgVLjwDee9D01q6XL/7R2rPtnXsLCKNYQUmMxWj/mWAuc1oF7TALVfGwIoZKZLzEdEkmoNqUVTHx3Nuw8aVTK7knZuaoUq8dZEXm0hw7QEXLRKaqiS1RDdUTRI3pGb+jderCerBfr9ceas7KbXfQH1sc39wKVzg==</latexit>

p(x, y, z) = ⇡xy 2 + xz y3
<latexit sha1_base64="X2Eq9IqadGxBAtDRyHmaOSA/GDk=">AAAB+3icbVDLTsJAFJ3iC/FVdWPiZiIxwYikRaJuTEjcuMREHgkUMh0GmDBtJzNTQ2nwZ3Rl1J1/4Q/4Nw7YhYJnde495yb3HJczKpVlfRmppeWV1bX0emZjc2t7x9zdq8kgFJhUccAC0XCRJIz6pKqoYqTBBUGey0jdHd5M9foDEZIG/r2KOHE81Pdpj2Kk9KpjHvDcKB/lxyfXLU7hKGoXT0fjs6h93jGzVsGaAS4SOyFZkKDSMT9b3QCHHvEVZkjKpm1x5cRIKIoZmWRaoSQc4SHqk6amPvKIdOJZggk87gUCqgGBs/m3N0aelJHnao+H1EDOa9Plf1ozVL0rJ6Y+DxXxsbZorRcyqAI4LQJ2qSBYsUgThAXVX0I8QAJhpevK6Pj2fNhFUisW7IuCdVfKlktJEWlwCI5ADtjgEpTBLaiAKsDgETyDN/BuTIwn48V4/bGmjORmH/yB8fENG6WTEg==</latexit>

U = R3
<latexit sha1_base64="uPRG76VKAgztXr7nl78VYuyFxFs=">AAAB73icbVDLTgJBEOzFF+IL9ehlIjHxRHaVqBcTEi8e0bhAAguZHRqYMPtwZtaEbPgOPRn15r/4A/6Ns7gHRetU3VWdVLUfC660bX9ahaXlldW14nppY3Nre6e8u9dUUSIZuiwSkWz7VKHgIbqaa4HtWCINfIEtf3KV6a0HlIpH4Z2exugFdBTyIWdUm1XPvewGVI99P72d9U775Ypdtecgf4mTkwrkaPTLH91BxJIAQ80EVarj2LH2Uio1ZwJnpW6iMKZsQkfYMTSkASovnaeekaNhJIkeI5nPP70pDZSaBr7xZOnUopYt/9M6iR5eeCkP40RjyIzFaMNEEB2RrDwZcIlMi6khlEluUhI2ppIybV5UMvWdxbJ/SfOk6pxV7ZtapV7LH1GEAziEY3DgHOpwDQ1wgYGEJ3iFN+veerSerZdva8HKb/bhF6z3L+/Ij8k=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="eVsdbcyoOlIGnc7EMK+CDoi4Ffg=">AAAB7HicbZDNSgMxFIXv1L9a/6ou3QSLUKGWmVLUjVBw47KC/YHpUDJp2oZmkiHJCGXoW+hK1J1P4wv4NqZ1Ftp6Vl/uOYF7bhhzpo3rfjm5tfWNza38dmFnd2//oHh41NYyUYS2iORSdUOsKWeCtgwznHZjRXEUctoJJ7dzv/NIlWZSPJhpTIMIjwQbMoKNHflx2a3UKt75zUWtXyy5VXchtApeBiXI1OwXP3sDSZKICkM41tr33NgEKVaGEU5nhV6iaYzJBI+ob1HgiOogXaw8Q2dDqZAZU7R4/86mONJ6GoU2E2Ez1svefPif5ydmeB2kTMSJoYLYiPWGCUdGonlzNGCKEsOnFjBRzG6JyBgrTIy9T8HW95bLrkK7VvUuq+59vdSoZ4fIwwmcQhk8uIIG3EETWkBAwjO8wbsjnCfnxXn9ieac7M8x/JHz8Q0KxIy8</latexit>

p(0, 2, 1) = 2
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

y 2 + 2y)
<latexit sha1_base64="JNd00MjOQVBD7lZ0ZhsUfT1Wmtw=">AAAB+HicbZDNTsJAFIWn+If4VzWu3DQSE4hKWkLUjQmJG5eYyE8CSKbDLUyYdpqZqaE2vIuujLrzOXwB38YBu1DwrL6550xy73FDRqWy7S8js7S8srqWXc9tbG5t75i7ew3JI0GgTjjjouViCYwGUFdUMWiFArDvMmi6o+up33wAISkP7lQcQtfHg4B6lGClRz3zwCuMT+PiVYfxQWF8Ft+XT8pxsWfm7ZI9k7UITgp5lKrWMz87fU4iHwJFGJay7dih6iZYKEoYTHKdSEKIyQgPoK0xwD7IbjJbf2Ide1xYagjW7P07m2Bfyth3dcbHaijnvenwP68dKe+ym9AgjBQEREe050XMUtyatmD1qQCiWKwBE0H1lhYZYoGJ0l3l9PnO/LGL0CiXnPOSfVvJVytpEVl0iI5QATnoAlXRDaqhOiIoQc/oDb0bj8aT8WK8/kQzRvpnH/2R8fENfTKRjQ==</latexit>

EJ f (x, y) = log(x
Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : y 2
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<latexit sha1_base64="JNd00MjOQVBD7lZ0ZhsUfT1Wmtw=">AAAB+HicbZDNTsJAFIWn+If4VzWu3DQSE4hKWkLUjQmJG5eYyE8CSKbDLUyYdpqZqaE2vIuujLrzOXwB38YBu1DwrL6550xy73FDRqWy7S8js7S8srqWXc9tbG5t75i7ew3JI0GgTjjjouViCYwGUFdUMWiFArDvMmi6o+up33wAISkP7lQcQtfHg4B6lGClRz3zwCuMT+PiVYfxQWF8Ft+XT8pxsWfm7ZI9k7UITgp5lKrWMz87fU4iHwJFGJay7dih6iZYKEoYTHKdSEKIyQgPoK0xwD7IbjJbf2Ide1xYagjW7P07m2Bfyth3dcbHaijnvenwP68dKe+ym9AgjBQEREe050XMUtyatmD1qQCiWKwBE0H1lhYZYoGJ0l3l9PnO/LGL0CiXnPOSfVvJVytpEVl0iI5QATnoAlXRDaqhOiIoQc/oDb0bj8aT8WK8/kQzRvpnH/2R8fENfTKRjQ==</latexit>

2 2y < x}
EJ f (x, y) = log(x y + 2y)
2 2
<latexit sha1_base64="WNt/FeNfkg8Fp/YwUB69wpkspB4=">AAAB7XicbZDNSsNAFIVv/K31r+rSzWARXGhJSlEXQgtuXFawP9DEMplO2qGTTJiZiCH0MXQl6s6X8QV8G6c1C209q2/uOQP3XD/mTGnb/rKWlldW19YLG8XNre2d3dLefluJRBLaIoIL2fWxopxFtKWZ5rQbS4pDn9OOP76e+p0HKhUT0Z1OY+qFeBixgBGszchN76tn1fTq0T2t1/ulsl2xZ0KL4ORQhlzNfunTHQiShDTShGOleo4day/DUjPC6aToJorGmIzxkPYMRjikystmO0/QcSAk0iOKZu/f2QyHSqWhbzIh1iM1702H/3m9RAeXXsaiONE0IiZivCDhSAs0rY4GTFKieWoAE8nMloiMsMREmwMVTX1nvuwitKsV57xi39bKjVp+iAIcwhGcgAMX0IAbaEILCMTwDG/wbgnryXqxXn+iS1b+5wD+yPr4BjI4jhk=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="4427L7k7oo22URj+mvvfiw2emDo=">AAAB63icbZDNSgMxFIXv1L9a/6ou3QSLIIhlphR1JQU3LivYH2zHkknTNjTJDElGHIY+ha5E3fk2voBvY1pnoa1n9eWeE7jnBhFn2rjul5NbWl5ZXcuvFzY2t7Z3irt7TR3GitAGCXmo2gHWlDNJG4YZTtuRolgEnLaC8dXUbz1QpVkob00SUV/goWQDRrCxo7vH0+S+clJJLt1eseSW3ZnQIngZlCBTvVf87PZDEgsqDeFY647nRsZPsTKMcDopdGNNI0zGeEg7FiUWVPvpbOMJOhqECpkRRbP372yKhdaJCGxGYDPS8950+J/Xic3gwk+ZjGJDJbER6w1ijkyIpsVRnylKDE8sYKKY3RKREVaYGHuegq3vzZddhGal7J2V3ZtqqVbNDpGHAziEY/DgHGpwDXVoAAEJz/AG745wnpwX5/UnmnOyP/vwR87HN+WljVw=</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

x y + 2y > 0 y 2y < x ??

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : y 2
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<latexit sha1_base64="JNd00MjOQVBD7lZ0ZhsUfT1Wmtw=">AAAB+HicbZDNTsJAFIWn+If4VzWu3DQSE4hKWkLUjQmJG5eYyE8CSKbDLUyYdpqZqaE2vIuujLrzOXwB38YBu1DwrL6550xy73FDRqWy7S8js7S8srqWXc9tbG5t75i7ew3JI0GgTjjjouViCYwGUFdUMWiFArDvMmi6o+up33wAISkP7lQcQtfHg4B6lGClRz3zwCuMT+PiVYfxQWF8Ft+XT8pxsWfm7ZI9k7UITgp5lKrWMz87fU4iHwJFGJay7dih6iZYKEoYTHKdSEKIyQgPoK0xwD7IbjJbf2Ide1xYagjW7P07m2Bfyth3dcbHaijnvenwP68dKe+ym9AgjBQEREe050XMUtyatmD1qQCiWKwBE0H1lhYZYoGJ0l3l9PnO/LGL0CiXnPOSfVvJVytpEVl0iI5QATnoAlXRDaqhOiIoQc/oDb0bj8aT8WK8/kQzRvpnH/2R8fENfTKRjQ==</latexit>

2 2y < x}
EJ f (x, y) = log(x y + 2y)
2 2
<latexit sha1_base64="WNt/FeNfkg8Fp/YwUB69wpkspB4=">AAAB7XicbZDNSsNAFIVv/K31r+rSzWARXGhJSlEXQgtuXFawP9DEMplO2qGTTJiZiCH0MXQl6s6X8QV8G6c1C209q2/uOQP3XD/mTGnb/rKWlldW19YLG8XNre2d3dLefluJRBLaIoIL2fWxopxFtKWZ5rQbS4pDn9OOP76e+p0HKhUT0Z1OY+qFeBixgBGszchN76tn1fTq0T2t1/ulsl2xZ0KL4ORQhlzNfunTHQiShDTShGOleo4day/DUjPC6aToJorGmIzxkPYMRjikystmO0/QcSAk0iOKZu/f2QyHSqWhbzIh1iM1702H/3m9RAeXXsaiONE0IiZivCDhSAs0rY4GTFKieWoAE8nMloiMsMREmwMVTX1nvuwitKsV57xi39bKjVp+iAIcwhGcgAMX0IAbaEILCMTwDG/wbgnryXqxXn+iS1b+5wD+yPr4BjI4jhk=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="4427L7k7oo22URj+mvvfiw2emDo=">AAAB63icbZDNSgMxFIXv1L9a/6ou3QSLIIhlphR1JQU3LivYH2zHkknTNjTJDElGHIY+ha5E3fk2voBvY1pnoa1n9eWeE7jnBhFn2rjul5NbWl5ZXcuvFzY2t7Z3irt7TR3GitAGCXmo2gHWlDNJG4YZTtuRolgEnLaC8dXUbz1QpVkob00SUV/goWQDRrCxo7vH0+S+clJJLt1eseSW3ZnQIngZlCBTvVf87PZDEgsqDeFY647nRsZPsTKMcDopdGNNI0zGeEg7FiUWVPvpbOMJOhqECpkRRbP372yKhdaJCGxGYDPS8950+J/Xic3gwk+ZjGJDJbER6w1ijkyIpsVRnylKDE8sYKKY3RKREVaYGHuegq3vzZddhGal7J2V3ZtqqVbNDpGHAziEY/DgHGpwDXVoAAEJz/AG745wnpwX5/UnmnOyP/vwR87HN+WljVw=</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

x y + 2y > 0 y 2y < x ??

x3
<latexit sha1_base64="mSfduTIZ7hArrVI4qlknMgrrIJc=">AAAB8nicbZDLTgIxFIY7eEO8MOrSTSMxcaFkRom6k8SNS0zkkjBIOuUADZ2L7RkDmfAiujLqzkfxBXwbC7JQ8F99Pf/f5PzHj6XQ6DhfVmZpeWV1Lbue29jc2s7bO7s1HSWKQ5VHMlINn2mQIoQqCpTQiBWwwJdQ9wfXE7/+CEqLKLzDUQytgPVC0RWcoRm17fzw/uykNPR68EAd7/iqbRecojMVXQR3BgUyU6Vtf3qdiCcBhMgl07rpOjG2UqZQcAnjnJdoiBkfsB40DYYsAN1Kp4uP6WE3UhT7QKfv39mUBVqPAt9kAoZ9Pe9Nhv95zQS7l61UhHGCEHITMV43kRQjOulPO0IBRzkywLgSZkvK+0wxjuZKOVPfnS+7CLXTontedG5LhXJpdogs2ScH5Ii45IKUyQ2pkCrhJCHP5I28W2g9WS/W6080Y83+7JE/sj6+AZXyj18=</latexit>

4x 0?

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : y 2
<latexit sha1_base64="lyeQnI5x1kf+naNCXV70rBh0/sU=">AAACCHicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqks3g6VQQUsSioooFNy4rGIf0KRlMp22QyeTMDORhtAf0J/Rlag71/6Af+O0ZqHVszr3nnPhnuOFjEplmp9GZmFxaXklu5pbW9/Y3Mpv7zRkEAlM6jhggWh5SBJGOakrqhhphYIg32Ok6Y0up3rzjghJA36r4pC4Phpw2qcYKb3q5ov1CycpjQ/jA4dy6PhIDT0vuZl07DMYd+wjOz4fO5NuvmCWzRngX2KlpABS1Lr5D6cX4MgnXGGGpGxbZqjcBAlFMSOTnBNJEiI8QgPS1pQjn0g3mcWZwGI/EFANCZzNP70J8qWMfU97pp/KeW26/E9rR6p/6iaUh5EiHGuL1voRgyqA01ZgjwqCFYs1QVhQ/SXEQyQQVrq7nI5vzYf9Sxp22Toum9eVQrWSFpEFe2AflIAFTkAVXIEaqAMMHsATeAVvxr3xaDwbL9/WjJHe7IJfMN6/AH54mD8=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="JNd00MjOQVBD7lZ0ZhsUfT1Wmtw=">AAAB+HicbZDNTsJAFIWn+If4VzWu3DQSE4hKWkLUjQmJG5eYyE8CSKbDLUyYdpqZqaE2vIuujLrzOXwB38YBu1DwrL6550xy73FDRqWy7S8js7S8srqWXc9tbG5t75i7ew3JI0GgTjjjouViCYwGUFdUMWiFArDvMmi6o+up33wAISkP7lQcQtfHg4B6lGClRz3zwCuMT+PiVYfxQWF8Ft+XT8pxsWfm7ZI9k7UITgp5lKrWMz87fU4iHwJFGJay7dih6iZYKEoYTHKdSEKIyQgPoK0xwD7IbjJbf2Ide1xYagjW7P07m2Bfyth3dcbHaijnvenwP68dKe+ym9AgjBQEREe050XMUtyatmD1qQCiWKwBE0H1lhYZYoGJ0l3l9PnO/LGL0CiXnPOSfVvJVytpEVl0iI5QATnoAlXRDaqhOiIoQc/oDb0bj8aT8WK8/kQzRvpnH/2R8fENfTKRjQ==</latexit>

2 2y < x}
EJ f (x, y) = log(x y + 2y)
2 2
<latexit sha1_base64="WNt/FeNfkg8Fp/YwUB69wpkspB4=">AAAB7XicbZDNSsNAFIVv/K31r+rSzWARXGhJSlEXQgtuXFawP9DEMplO2qGTTJiZiCH0MXQl6s6X8QV8G6c1C209q2/uOQP3XD/mTGnb/rKWlldW19YLG8XNre2d3dLefluJRBLaIoIL2fWxopxFtKWZ5rQbS4pDn9OOP76e+p0HKhUT0Z1OY+qFeBixgBGszchN76tn1fTq0T2t1/ulsl2xZ0KL4ORQhlzNfunTHQiShDTShGOleo4day/DUjPC6aToJorGmIzxkPYMRjikystmO0/QcSAk0iOKZu/f2QyHSqWhbzIh1iM1702H/3m9RAeXXsaiONE0IiZivCDhSAs0rY4GTFKieWoAE8nMloiMsMREmwMVTX1nvuwitKsV57xi39bKjVp+iAIcwhGcgAMX0IAbaEILCMTwDG/wbgnryXqxXn+iS1b+5wD+yPr4BjI4jhk=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="4427L7k7oo22URj+mvvfiw2emDo=">AAAB63icbZDNSgMxFIXv1L9a/6ou3QSLIIhlphR1JQU3LivYH2zHkknTNjTJDElGHIY+ha5E3fk2voBvY1pnoa1n9eWeE7jnBhFn2rjul5NbWl5ZXcuvFzY2t7Z3irt7TR3GitAGCXmo2gHWlDNJG4YZTtuRolgEnLaC8dXUbz1QpVkob00SUV/goWQDRrCxo7vH0+S+clJJLt1eseSW3ZnQIngZlCBTvVf87PZDEgsqDeFY647nRsZPsTKMcDopdGNNI0zGeEg7FiUWVPvpbOMJOhqECpkRRbP372yKhdaJCGxGYDPS8950+J/Xic3gwk+ZjGJDJbER6w1ijkyIpsVRnylKDE8sYKKY3RKREVaYGHuegq3vzZddhGal7J2V3ZtqqVbNDpGHAziEY/DgHGpwDXVoAAEJz/AG745wnpwX5/UnmnOyP/vwR87HN+WljVw=</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

x y + 2y > 0 y 2y < x ??

x3 4x 0 ?
<latexit sha1_base64="mSfduTIZ7hArrVI4qlknMgrrIJc=">AAAB8nicbZDLTgIxFIY7eEO8MOrSTSMxcaFkRom6k8SNS0zkkjBIOuUADZ2L7RkDmfAiujLqzkfxBXwbC7JQ8F99Pf/f5PzHj6XQ6DhfVmZpeWV1Lbue29jc2s7bO7s1HSWKQ5VHMlINn2mQIoQqCpTQiBWwwJdQ9wfXE7/+CEqLKLzDUQytgPVC0RWcoRm17fzw/uykNPR68EAd7/iqbRecojMVXQR3BgUyU6Vtf3qdiCcBhMgl07rpOjG2UqZQcAnjnJdoiBkfsB40DYYsAN1Kp4uP6WE3UhT7QKfv39mUBVqPAt9kAoZ9Pe9Nhv95zQS7l61UhHGCEHITMV43kRQjOulPO0IBRzkywLgSZkvK+0wxjuZKOVPfnS+7CLXTontedG5LhXJpdogs2ScH5Ii45IKUyQ2pkCrhJCHP5I28W2g9WS/W6080Y83+7JE/sj6+AZXyj18=</latexit>

x(x2 4) = 0 ! x =
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2, 0, 2
=
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=
<latexit sha1_base64="5IW3VcB4Cugw/l++7Ig/dEfQtYg=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIupGCLhxmYB5QDKEnk5N0qTnQXeNEEJ+QFei7vwkf8C/sRNnoYl3dbrubahbQaqkIdf9cgpr6xubW8Xt0s7u3v5B+fCoZZJMC2yKRCW6E3CDSsbYJEkKO6lGHgUK28H4bu63H1EbmcQPNEnRj/gwlqEUnOyocdsvV9yquxBbBS+HCuSq98ufvUEisghjEoob0/XclPwp1ySFwlmplxlMuRjzIXYtxjxC408Xi87YWZhoRiNki/fv7JRHxkyiwGYiTiOz7M2H/3ndjMIbfyrjNCOMhY1YL8wUo4TN+7KB1ChITSxwoaXdkokR11yQvUrJ1veWy65C66LqXVXdxmWldpkfoggncArn4ME11OAe6tAEAQjP8AbvzsB5cl6c159owcn/HMMfOR/fgJ+KTQ==</latexit>

=
<latexit sha1_base64="5IW3VcB4Cugw/l++7Ig/dEfQtYg=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIupGCLhxmYB5QDKEnk5N0qTnQXeNEEJ+QFei7vwkf8C/sRNnoYl3dbrubahbQaqkIdf9cgpr6xubW8Xt0s7u3v5B+fCoZZJMC2yKRCW6E3CDSsbYJEkKO6lGHgUK28H4bu63H1EbmcQPNEnRj/gwlqEUnOyocdsvV9yquxBbBS+HCuSq98ufvUEisghjEoob0/XclPwp1ySFwlmplxlMuRjzIXYtxjxC408Xi87YWZhoRiNki/fv7JRHxkyiwGYiTiOz7M2H/3ndjMIbfyrjNCOMhY1YL8wUo4TN+7KB1ChITSxwoaXdkokR11yQvUrJ1veWy65C66LqXVXdxmWldpkfoggncArn4ME11OAe6tAEAQjP8AbvzsB5cl6c159owcn/HMMfOR/fgJ+KTQ==</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

0
<latexit sha1_base64="cWJpoMyZbvgf1l/k4WrInL4WX/g=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEdNd1CuuFV3KbYOXg4VyNUYlD/7w1ikIUYkFDem57kJ+RnXJIXCeamfGky4mPIx9ixGPETjZ8tF5+xiFGtGE2TL9+9sxkNjZmFgMyGniVn1FsP/vF5Ko1s/k1GSEkbCRqw3ShWjmC36sqHUKEjNLHChpd2SiQnXXJC9SsnW91bLrkP7qupdV91mrVKv5YcowhmcwyV4cAN1uIcGtEAAwjO8wbszdJ6cF+f1J1pw8j+n8EfOxzdtOYpA</latexit>

2 2
<latexit sha1_base64="8KImGWFa+0iphZUOghVGmz1XEDI=">AAAB43icbZDNTgIxFIXv4B/iH+rSTSMxcSOZIURdkrhxiUZ+EpiQTrkDDe3MpO2YkAlPoCuj7nwjX8C3seAsFDyrr/ecJvfcIBFcG9f9cgpr6xubW8Xt0s7u3v5B+fCoreNUMWyxWMSqG1CNgkfYMtwI7CYKqQwEdoLJzdzvPKLSPI4ezDRBX9JRxEPOqLGj+4vaoFxxq+5CZBW8HCqQqzkof/aHMUslRoYJqnXPcxPjZ1QZzgTOSv1UY0LZhI6wZzGiErWfLTadkbMwVsSMkSzev7MZlVpPZWAzkpqxXvbmw/+8XmrCaz/jUZIajJiNWC9MBTExmRcmQ66QGTG1QJnidkvCxlRRZuxZSra+t1x2Fdq1qndZde/qlUY9P0QRTuAUzsGDK2jALTShBQxCeIY3eHfQeXJenNefaMHJ/xzDHzkf39hmink=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="kF/LjkAz4wCw37IrMpbUU9pxJvs=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQtQliRuXkAiYwIT0NAV06Hmku8aETPgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCRElDrvvlFDY2t7Z3irulvf2Dw6Py8UnHxKkW2BaxivVDwA0qGWGbJCl8SDTyMFDYDaa3C7/7iNrIOLqnWYJ+yMeRHEnByY5atUG54lbdpdg6eDlUIFdzUP7sD2ORhhiRUNyYnucm5GdckxQK56V+ajDhYsrH2LMY8RCNny0XnbOLUawZTZAt37+zGQ+NmYWBzYScJmbVWwz/83opjW78TEZJShgJG7HeKFWMYrboy4ZSoyA1s8CFlnZLJiZcc0H2KiVb31stuw6dWtW7qrqteqVRzw9RhDM4h0vw4BoacAdNaIMAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj29wNYpC</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : y 2
<latexit sha1_base64="lyeQnI5x1kf+naNCXV70rBh0/sU=">AAACCHicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqks3g6VQQUsSioooFNy4rGIf0KRlMp22QyeTMDORhtAf0J/Rlag71/6Af+O0ZqHVszr3nnPhnuOFjEplmp9GZmFxaXklu5pbW9/Y3Mpv7zRkEAlM6jhggWh5SBJGOakrqhhphYIg32Ok6Y0up3rzjghJA36r4pC4Phpw2qcYKb3q5ov1CycpjQ/jA4dy6PhIDT0vuZl07DMYd+wjOz4fO5NuvmCWzRngX2KlpABS1Lr5D6cX4MgnXGGGpGxbZqjcBAlFMSOTnBNJEiI8QgPS1pQjn0g3mcWZwGI/EFANCZzNP70J8qWMfU97pp/KeW26/E9rR6p/6iaUh5EiHGuL1voRgyqA01ZgjwqCFYs1QVhQ/SXEQyQQVrq7nI5vzYf9Sxp22Toum9eVQrWSFpEFe2AflIAFTkAVXIEaqAMMHsATeAVvxr3xaDwbL9/WjJHe7IJfMN6/AH54mD8=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="JNd00MjOQVBD7lZ0ZhsUfT1Wmtw=">AAAB+HicbZDNTsJAFIWn+If4VzWu3DQSE4hKWkLUjQmJG5eYyE8CSKbDLUyYdpqZqaE2vIuujLrzOXwB38YBu1DwrL6550xy73FDRqWy7S8js7S8srqWXc9tbG5t75i7ew3JI0GgTjjjouViCYwGUFdUMWiFArDvMmi6o+up33wAISkP7lQcQtfHg4B6lGClRz3zwCuMT+PiVYfxQWF8Ft+XT8pxsWfm7ZI9k7UITgp5lKrWMz87fU4iHwJFGJay7dih6iZYKEoYTHKdSEKIyQgPoK0xwD7IbjJbf2Ide1xYagjW7P07m2Bfyth3dcbHaijnvenwP68dKe+ym9AgjBQEREe050XMUtyatmD1qQCiWKwBE0H1lhYZYoGJ0l3l9PnO/LGL0CiXnPOSfVvJVytpEVl0iI5QATnoAlXRDaqhOiIoQc/oDb0bj8aT8WK8/kQzRvpnH/2R8fENfTKRjQ==</latexit>

2 2y < x}
EJ f (x, y) = log(x y + 2y)
2 2
<latexit sha1_base64="WNt/FeNfkg8Fp/YwUB69wpkspB4=">AAAB7XicbZDNSsNAFIVv/K31r+rSzWARXGhJSlEXQgtuXFawP9DEMplO2qGTTJiZiCH0MXQl6s6X8QV8G6c1C209q2/uOQP3XD/mTGnb/rKWlldW19YLG8XNre2d3dLefluJRBLaIoIL2fWxopxFtKWZ5rQbS4pDn9OOP76e+p0HKhUT0Z1OY+qFeBixgBGszchN76tn1fTq0T2t1/ulsl2xZ0KL4ORQhlzNfunTHQiShDTShGOleo4day/DUjPC6aToJorGmIzxkPYMRjikystmO0/QcSAk0iOKZu/f2QyHSqWhbzIh1iM1702H/3m9RAeXXsaiONE0IiZivCDhSAs0rY4GTFKieWoAE8nMloiMsMREmwMVTX1nvuwitKsV57xi39bKjVp+iAIcwhGcgAMX0IAbaEILCMTwDG/wbgnryXqxXn+iS1b+5wD+yPr4BjI4jhk=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="4427L7k7oo22URj+mvvfiw2emDo=">AAAB63icbZDNSgMxFIXv1L9a/6ou3QSLIIhlphR1JQU3LivYH2zHkknTNjTJDElGHIY+ha5E3fk2voBvY1pnoa1n9eWeE7jnBhFn2rjul5NbWl5ZXcuvFzY2t7Z3irt7TR3GitAGCXmo2gHWlDNJG4YZTtuRolgEnLaC8dXUbz1QpVkob00SUV/goWQDRrCxo7vH0+S+clJJLt1eseSW3ZnQIngZlCBTvVf87PZDEgsqDeFY647nRsZPsTKMcDopdGNNI0zGeEg7FiUWVPvpbOMJOhqECpkRRbP372yKhdaJCGxGYDPS8950+J/Xic3gwk+ZjGJDJbER6w1ijkyIpsVRnylKDE8sYKKY3RKREVaYGHuegq3vzZddhGal7J2V3ZtqqVbNDpGHAziEY/DgHGpwDXVoAAEJz/AG745wnpwX5/UnmnOyP/vwR87HN+WljVw=</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

x y + 2y > 0 y 2y < x ??

x3 4x 0 ?
<latexit sha1_base64="mSfduTIZ7hArrVI4qlknMgrrIJc=">AAAB8nicbZDLTgIxFIY7eEO8MOrSTSMxcaFkRom6k8SNS0zkkjBIOuUADZ2L7RkDmfAiujLqzkfxBXwbC7JQ8F99Pf/f5PzHj6XQ6DhfVmZpeWV1Lbue29jc2s7bO7s1HSWKQ5VHMlINn2mQIoQqCpTQiBWwwJdQ9wfXE7/+CEqLKLzDUQytgPVC0RWcoRm17fzw/uykNPR68EAd7/iqbRecojMVXQR3BgUyU6Vtf3qdiCcBhMgl07rpOjG2UqZQcAnjnJdoiBkfsB40DYYsAN1Kp4uP6WE3UhT7QKfv39mUBVqPAt9kAoZ9Pe9Nhv95zQS7l61UhHGCEHITMV43kRQjOulPO0IBRzkywLgSZkvK+0wxjuZKOVPfnS+7CLXTontedG5LhXJpdogs2ScH5Ii45IKUyQ2pkCrhJCHP5I28W2g9WS/W6080Y83+7JE/sj6+AZXyj18=</latexit>

x(x2 4) = 0 ! x =
<latexit sha1_base64="5ICzRSufdH76tqk09X5Uh3f8eFw=">AAACBXicbVDLTsJAFJ36RHxVXbqZQEwwAdI2RN2QkLhxiYk8EqhkOkzLhGmnmZkqpGGtP6Mro+78AX/Av3FAFgqe1bn3nJvcc7yYUaks68tYWV1b39jMbGW3d3b39s2Dw6bkicCkgTnjou0hSRiNSENRxUg7FgSFHiMtb3g51Vt3REjKoxs1jokboiCiPsVI6VXPzI0Ko1unVDmtWl3Go0DQYKCQEPwejqolp2gVnZ6Zt8rWDHCZ2HOSB3PUe+Znt89xEpJIYYak7NhWrNwUCUUxI5NsN5EkRniIAtLRNEIhkW46yzKBJz4XUA0InM2/vSkKpRyHnvaESA3kojZd/qd1EuVfuCmN4kSRCGuL1vyEQcXhtBLYp4JgxcaaICyo/hLiARIIK11cVse3F8Muk6ZTts/K1nUlX6vMi8iAY5ADBWCDc1ADV6AOGgCDR/AM3sC78WA8GS/G6491xZjfHIE/MD6+AVu6lm0=</latexit>

2, 0, 2
< = = =
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<latexit sha1_base64="5IW3VcB4Cugw/l++7Ig/dEfQtYg=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIupGCLhxmYB5QDKEnk5N0qTnQXeNEEJ+QFei7vwkf8C/sRNnoYl3dbrubahbQaqkIdf9cgpr6xubW8Xt0s7u3v5B+fCoZZJMC2yKRCW6E3CDSsbYJEkKO6lGHgUK28H4bu63H1EbmcQPNEnRj/gwlqEUnOyocdsvV9yquxBbBS+HCuSq98ufvUEisghjEoob0/XclPwp1ySFwlmplxlMuRjzIXYtxjxC408Xi87YWZhoRiNki/fv7JRHxkyiwGYiTiOz7M2H/3ndjMIbfyrjNCOMhY1YL8wUo4TN+7KB1ChITSxwoaXdkokR11yQvUrJ1veWy65C66LqXVXdxmWldpkfoggncArn4ME11OAe6tAEAQjP8AbvzsB5cl6c159owcn/HMMfOR/fgJ+KTQ==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="5IW3VcB4Cugw/l++7Ig/dEfQtYg=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIupGCLhxmYB5QDKEnk5N0qTnQXeNEEJ+QFei7vwkf8C/sRNnoYl3dbrubahbQaqkIdf9cgpr6xubW8Xt0s7u3v5B+fCoZZJMC2yKRCW6E3CDSsbYJEkKO6lGHgUK28H4bu63H1EbmcQPNEnRj/gwlqEUnOyocdsvV9yquxBbBS+HCuSq98ufvUEisghjEoob0/XclPwp1ySFwlmplxlMuRjzIXYtxjxC408Xi87YWZhoRiNki/fv7JRHxkyiwGYiTiOz7M2H/3ndjMIbfyrjNCOMhY1YL8wUo4TN+7KB1ChITSxwoaXdkokR11yQvUrJ1veWy65C66LqXVXdxmWldpkfoggncArn4ME11OAe6tAEAQjP8AbvzsB5cl6c159owcn/HMMfOR/fgJ+KTQ==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="5IW3VcB4Cugw/l++7Ig/dEfQtYg=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIupGCLhxmYB5QDKEnk5N0qTnQXeNEEJ+QFei7vwkf8C/sRNnoYl3dbrubahbQaqkIdf9cgpr6xubW8Xt0s7u3v5B+fCoZZJMC2yKRCW6E3CDSsbYJEkKO6lGHgUK28H4bu63H1EbmcQPNEnRj/gwlqEUnOyocdsvV9yquxBbBS+HCuSq98ufvUEisghjEoob0/XclPwp1ySFwlmplxlMuRjzIXYtxjxC408Xi87YWZhoRiNki/fv7JRHxkyiwGYiTiOz7M2H/3ndjMIbfyrjNCOMhY1YL8wUo4TN+7KB1ChITSxwoaXdkokR11yQvUrJ1veWy65C66LqXVXdxmWldpkfoggncArn4ME11OAe6tAEAQjP8AbvzsB5cl6c159owcn/HMMfOR/fgJ+KTQ==</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

X
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0
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2 2
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<latexit sha1_base64="kF/LjkAz4wCw37IrMpbUU9pxJvs=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQtQliRuXkAiYwIT0NAV06Hmku8aETPgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCRElDrvvlFDY2t7Z3irulvf2Dw6Py8UnHxKkW2BaxivVDwA0qGWGbJCl8SDTyMFDYDaa3C7/7iNrIOLqnWYJ+yMeRHEnByY5atUG54lbdpdg6eDlUIFdzUP7sD2ORhhiRUNyYnucm5GdckxQK56V+ajDhYsrH2LMY8RCNny0XnbOLUawZTZAt37+zGQ+NmYWBzYScJmbVWwz/83opjW78TEZJShgJG7HeKFWMYrboy4ZSoyA1s8CFlnZLJiZcc0H2KiVb31stuw6dWtW7qrqteqVRzw9RhDM4h0vw4BoacAdNaIMAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj29wNYpC</latexit>

x= 3! 27 + 12 < 0
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Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : y 2
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<latexit sha1_base64="JNd00MjOQVBD7lZ0ZhsUfT1Wmtw=">AAAB+HicbZDNTsJAFIWn+If4VzWu3DQSE4hKWkLUjQmJG5eYyE8CSKbDLUyYdpqZqaE2vIuujLrzOXwB38YBu1DwrL6550xy73FDRqWy7S8js7S8srqWXc9tbG5t75i7ew3JI0GgTjjjouViCYwGUFdUMWiFArDvMmi6o+up33wAISkP7lQcQtfHg4B6lGClRz3zwCuMT+PiVYfxQWF8Ft+XT8pxsWfm7ZI9k7UITgp5lKrWMz87fU4iHwJFGJay7dih6iZYKEoYTHKdSEKIyQgPoK0xwD7IbjJbf2Ide1xYagjW7P07m2Bfyth3dcbHaijnvenwP68dKe+ym9AgjBQEREe050XMUtyatmD1qQCiWKwBE0H1lhYZYoGJ0l3l9PnO/LGL0CiXnPOSfVvJVytpEVl0iI5QATnoAlXRDaqhOiIoQc/oDb0bj8aT8WK8/kQzRvpnH/2R8fENfTKRjQ==</latexit>

2 2y < x}
EJ f (x, y) = log(x y + 2y)
2 2
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<latexit sha1_base64="4427L7k7oo22URj+mvvfiw2emDo=">AAAB63icbZDNSgMxFIXv1L9a/6ou3QSLIIhlphR1JQU3LivYH2zHkknTNjTJDElGHIY+ha5E3fk2voBvY1pnoa1n9eWeE7jnBhFn2rjul5NbWl5ZXcuvFzY2t7Z3irt7TR3GitAGCXmo2gHWlDNJG4YZTtuRolgEnLaC8dXUbz1QpVkob00SUV/goWQDRrCxo7vH0+S+clJJLt1eseSW3ZnQIngZlCBTvVf87PZDEgsqDeFY647nRsZPsTKMcDopdGNNI0zGeEg7FiUWVPvpbOMJOhqECpkRRbP372yKhdaJCGxGYDPS8950+J/Xic3gwk+ZjGJDJbER6w1ijkyIpsVRnylKDE8sYKKY3RKREVaYGHuegq3vzZddhGal7J2V3ZtqqVbNDpGHAziEY/DgHGpwDXVoAAEJz/AG745wnpwX5/UnmnOyP/vwR87HN+WljVw=</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

x y + 2y > 0 y 2y < x ??

x3 4x 0 ?
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x(x2 4) = 0 ! x =
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2, 0, 2
< = > = =
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X
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X
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0
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2 2
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x= 1! 1+4>0
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Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : y 2
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2 2y < x}
EJ f (x, y) = log(x y + 2y)
2 2
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<latexit sha1_base64="4427L7k7oo22URj+mvvfiw2emDo=">AAAB63icbZDNSgMxFIXv1L9a/6ou3QSLIIhlphR1JQU3LivYH2zHkknTNjTJDElGHIY+ha5E3fk2voBvY1pnoa1n9eWeE7jnBhFn2rjul5NbWl5ZXcuvFzY2t7Z3irt7TR3GitAGCXmo2gHWlDNJG4YZTtuRolgEnLaC8dXUbz1QpVkob00SUV/goWQDRrCxo7vH0+S+clJJLt1eseSW3ZnQIngZlCBTvVf87PZDEgsqDeFY647nRsZPsTKMcDopdGNNI0zGeEg7FiUWVPvpbOMJOhqECpkRRbP372yKhdaJCGxGYDPS8950+J/Xic3gwk+ZjGJDJbER6w1ijkyIpsVRnylKDE8sYKKY3RKREVaYGHuegq3vzZddhGal7J2V3ZtqqVbNDpGHAziEY/DgHGpwDXVoAAEJz/AG745wnpwX5/UnmnOyP/vwR87HN+WljVw=</latexit>

Y
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x y + 2y > 0 y 2y < x ??

x3 4x 0 ?
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x(x2 4) = 0 ! x =
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2, 0, 2
< = > = < = >
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<latexit sha1_base64="lezRF8IZjEdeAb+F4p8a3Mtq+W0=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIurCRcCNywTMA5Ih9HRqkiY9D7prhBDyA7oSdecn+QP+jZ04C028q9N1b0PdClIlDbnul1NYW9/Y3Cpul3Z29/YPyodHLZNkWmBTJCrRnYAbVDLGJklS2Ek18ihQ2A7Gd3O//YjayCR+oEmKfsSHsQyl4GRHjdt+ueJW3YXYKng5VCBXvV/+7A0SkUUYk1DcmK7npuRPuSYpFM5KvcxgysWYD7FrMeYRGn+6WHTGzsJEMxohW7x/Z6c8MmYSBTYTcRqZZW8+/M/rZhTe+FMZpxlhLGzEemGmGCVs3pcNpEZBamKBCy3tlkyMuOaC7FVKtr63XHYVWhdV76rqNi4rtcv8EEU4gVM4Bw+uoQb3UIcmCEB4hjd4dwbOk/PivP5EC07+5xj+yPn4Bn8hikw=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="suzz/xb7Pe9eAC/2PkNBJlsbsDo=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIupKAm5cJmAekAyhp1OTNOl50F0jhJAf0JWoOz/JH/Bv7MRZaOJdna57G+pWkCppyHW/nMLa+sbmVnG7tLO7t39QPjxqmSTTApsiUYnuBNygkjE2SZLCTqqRR4HCdjC+m/vtR9RGJvEDTVL0Iz6MZSgFJztq3PbLFbfqLsRWwcuhArnq/fJnb5CILMKYhOLGdD03JX/KNUmhcFbqZQZTLsZ8iF2LMY/Q+NPFojN2Fiaa0QjZ4v07O+WRMZMosJmI08gse/Phf143o/DGn8o4zQhjYSPWCzPFKGHzvmwgNQpSEwtcaGm3ZGLENRdkr1Ky9b3lsqvQuqh6V1W3cVmpXeaHKMIJnMI5eHANNbiHOjRBAMIzvMG7M3CenBfn9SdacPI/x/BHzsc3gh2KTg==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="5IW3VcB4Cugw/l++7Ig/dEfQtYg=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIupGCLhxmYB5QDKEnk5N0qTnQXeNEEJ+QFei7vwkf8C/sRNnoYl3dbrubahbQaqkIdf9cgpr6xubW8Xt0s7u3v5B+fCoZZJMC2yKRCW6E3CDSsbYJEkKO6lGHgUK28H4bu63H1EbmcQPNEnRj/gwlqEUnOyocdsvV9yquxBbBS+HCuSq98ufvUEisghjEoob0/XclPwp1ySFwlmplxlMuRjzIXYtxjxC408Xi87YWZhoRiNki/fv7JRHxkyiwGYiTiOz7M2H/3ndjMIbfyrjNCOMhY1YL8wUo4TN+7KB1ChITSxwoaXdkokR11yQvUrJ1veWy65C66LqXVXdxmWldpkfoggncArn4ME11OAe6tAEAQjP8AbvzsB5cl6c159owcn/HMMfOR/fgJ+KTQ==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="5IW3VcB4Cugw/l++7Ig/dEfQtYg=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIupGCLhxmYB5QDKEnk5N0qTnQXeNEEJ+QFei7vwkf8C/sRNnoYl3dbrubahbQaqkIdf9cgpr6xubW8Xt0s7u3v5B+fCoZZJMC2yKRCW6E3CDSsbYJEkKO6lGHgUK28H4bu63H1EbmcQPNEnRj/gwlqEUnOyocdsvV9yquxBbBS+HCuSq98ufvUEisghjEoob0/XclPwp1ySFwlmplxlMuRjzIXYtxjxC408Xi87YWZhoRiNki/fv7JRHxkyiwGYiTiOz7M2H/3ndjMIbfyrjNCOMhY1YL8wUo4TN+7KB1ChITSxwoaXdkokR11yQvUrJ1veWy65C66LqXVXdxmWldpkfoggncArn4ME11OAe6tAEAQjP8AbvzsB5cl6c159owcn/HMMfOR/fgJ+KTQ==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="5IW3VcB4Cugw/l++7Ig/dEfQtYg=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIupGCLhxmYB5QDKEnk5N0qTnQXeNEEJ+QFei7vwkf8C/sRNnoYl3dbrubahbQaqkIdf9cgpr6xubW8Xt0s7u3v5B+fCoZZJMC2yKRCW6E3CDSsbYJEkKO6lGHgUK28H4bu63H1EbmcQPNEnRj/gwlqEUnOyocdsvV9yquxBbBS+HCuSq98ufvUEisghjEoob0/XclPwp1ySFwlmplxlMuRjzIXYtxjxC408Xi87YWZhoRiNki/fv7JRHxkyiwGYiTiOz7M2H/3ndjMIbfyrjNCOMhY1YL8wUo4TN+7KB1ChITSxwoaXdkokR11yQvUrJ1veWy65C66LqXVXdxmWldpkfoggncArn4ME11OAe6tAEAQjP8AbvzsB5cl6c159owcn/HMMfOR/fgJ+KTQ==</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

X
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0
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2 2
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<latexit sha1_base64="kF/LjkAz4wCw37IrMpbUU9pxJvs=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQtQliRuXkAiYwIT0NAV06Hmku8aETPgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCRElDrvvlFDY2t7Z3irulvf2Dw6Py8UnHxKkW2BaxivVDwA0qGWGbJCl8SDTyMFDYDaa3C7/7iNrIOLqnWYJ+yMeRHEnByY5atUG54lbdpdg6eDlUIFdzUP7sD2ORhhiRUNyYnucm5GdckxQK56V+ajDhYsrH2LMY8RCNny0XnbOLUawZTZAt37+zGQ+NmYWBzYScJmbVWwz/83opjW78TEZJShgJG7HeKFWMYrboy4ZSoyA1s8CFlnZLJiZcc0H2KiVb31stuw6dWtW7qrqteqVRzw9RhDM4h0vw4BoacAdNaIMAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj29wNYpC</latexit>

x=1!1 4<0
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x = 3 ! 27 12 > 0
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Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : y 2
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<latexit sha1_base64="JNd00MjOQVBD7lZ0ZhsUfT1Wmtw=">AAAB+HicbZDNTsJAFIWn+If4VzWu3DQSE4hKWkLUjQmJG5eYyE8CSKbDLUyYdpqZqaE2vIuujLrzOXwB38YBu1DwrL6550xy73FDRqWy7S8js7S8srqWXc9tbG5t75i7ew3JI0GgTjjjouViCYwGUFdUMWiFArDvMmi6o+up33wAISkP7lQcQtfHg4B6lGClRz3zwCuMT+PiVYfxQWF8Ft+XT8pxsWfm7ZI9k7UITgp5lKrWMz87fU4iHwJFGJay7dih6iZYKEoYTHKdSEKIyQgPoK0xwD7IbjJbf2Ide1xYagjW7P07m2Bfyth3dcbHaijnvenwP68dKe+ym9AgjBQEREe050XMUtyatmD1qQCiWKwBE0H1lhYZYoGJ0l3l9PnO/LGL0CiXnPOSfVvJVytpEVl0iI5QATnoAlXRDaqhOiIoQc/oDb0bj8aT8WK8/kQzRvpnH/2R8fENfTKRjQ==</latexit>

2 2y < x}
EJ f (x, y) = log(x y + 2y)
2 2
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<latexit sha1_base64="4427L7k7oo22URj+mvvfiw2emDo=">AAAB63icbZDNSgMxFIXv1L9a/6ou3QSLIIhlphR1JQU3LivYH2zHkknTNjTJDElGHIY+ha5E3fk2voBvY1pnoa1n9eWeE7jnBhFn2rjul5NbWl5ZXcuvFzY2t7Z3irt7TR3GitAGCXmo2gHWlDNJG4YZTtuRolgEnLaC8dXUbz1QpVkob00SUV/goWQDRrCxo7vH0+S+clJJLt1eseSW3ZnQIngZlCBTvVf87PZDEgsqDeFY647nRsZPsTKMcDopdGNNI0zGeEg7FiUWVPvpbOMJOhqECpkRRbP372yKhdaJCGxGYDPS8950+J/Xic3gwk+ZjGJDJbER6w1ijkyIpsVRnylKDE8sYKKY3RKREVaYGHuegq3vzZddhGal7J2V3ZtqqVbNDpGHAziEY/DgHGpwDXVoAAEJz/AG745wnpwX5/UnmnOyP/vwR87HN+WljVw=</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

x y + 2y > 0 y 2y < x ??

x3 4x 0 ?
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x(x2 4) = 0 ! x =
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2, 0, 2
< = > = < = >
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<latexit sha1_base64="suzz/xb7Pe9eAC/2PkNBJlsbsDo=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIupKAm5cJmAekAyhp1OTNOl50F0jhJAf0JWoOz/JH/Bv7MRZaOJdna57G+pWkCppyHW/nMLa+sbmVnG7tLO7t39QPjxqmSTTApsiUYnuBNygkjE2SZLCTqqRR4HCdjC+m/vtR9RGJvEDTVL0Iz6MZSgFJztq3PbLFbfqLsRWwcuhArnq/fJnb5CILMKYhOLGdD03JX/KNUmhcFbqZQZTLsZ8iF2LMY/Q+NPFojN2Fiaa0QjZ4v07O+WRMZMosJmI08gse/Phf143o/DGn8o4zQhjYSPWCzPFKGHzvmwgNQpSEwtcaGm3ZGLENRdkr1Ky9b3lsqvQuqh6V1W3cVmpXeaHKMIJnMI5eHANNbiHOjRBAMIzvMG7M3CenBfn9SdacPI/x/BHzsc3gh2KTg==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="lezRF8IZjEdeAb+F4p8a3Mtq+W0=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIurCRcCNywTMA5Ih9HRqkiY9D7prhBDyA7oSdecn+QP+jZ04C028q9N1b0PdClIlDbnul1NYW9/Y3Cpul3Z29/YPyodHLZNkWmBTJCrRnYAbVDLGJklS2Ek18ihQ2A7Gd3O//YjayCR+oEmKfsSHsQyl4GRHjdt+ueJW3YXYKng5VCBXvV/+7A0SkUUYk1DcmK7npuRPuSYpFM5KvcxgysWYD7FrMeYRGn+6WHTGzsJEMxohW7x/Z6c8MmYSBTYTcRqZZW8+/M/rZhTe+FMZpxlhLGzEemGmGCVs3pcNpEZBamKBCy3tlkyMuOaC7FVKtr63XHYVWhdV76rqNi4rtcv8EEU4gVM4Bw+uoQb3UIcmCEB4hjd4dwbOk/PivP5EC07+5xj+yPn4Bn8hikw=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="suzz/xb7Pe9eAC/2PkNBJlsbsDo=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIupKAm5cJmAekAyhp1OTNOl50F0jhJAf0JWoOz/JH/Bv7MRZaOJdna57G+pWkCppyHW/nMLa+sbmVnG7tLO7t39QPjxqmSTTApsiUYnuBNygkjE2SZLCTqqRR4HCdjC+m/vtR9RGJvEDTVL0Iz6MZSgFJztq3PbLFbfqLsRWwcuhArnq/fJnb5CILMKYhOLGdD03JX/KNUmhcFbqZQZTLsZ8iF2LMY/Q+NPFojN2Fiaa0QjZ4v07O+WRMZMosJmI08gse/Phf143o/DGn8o4zQhjYSPWCzPFKGHzvmwgNQpSEwtcaGm3ZGLENRdkr1Ky9b3lsqvQuqh6V1W3cVmpXeaHKMIJnMI5eHANNbiHOjRBAMIzvMG7M3CenBfn9SdacPI/x/BHzsc3gh2KTg==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="5IW3VcB4Cugw/l++7Ig/dEfQtYg=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIupGCLhxmYB5QDKEnk5N0qTnQXeNEEJ+QFei7vwkf8C/sRNnoYl3dbrubahbQaqkIdf9cgpr6xubW8Xt0s7u3v5B+fCoZZJMC2yKRCW6E3CDSsbYJEkKO6lGHgUK28H4bu63H1EbmcQPNEnRj/gwlqEUnOyocdsvV9yquxBbBS+HCuSq98ufvUEisghjEoob0/XclPwp1ySFwlmplxlMuRjzIXYtxjxC408Xi87YWZhoRiNki/fv7JRHxkyiwGYiTiOz7M2H/3ndjMIbfyrjNCOMhY1YL8wUo4TN+7KB1ChITSxwoaXdkokR11yQvUrJ1veWy65C66LqXVXdxmWldpkfoggncArn4ME11OAe6tAEAQjP8AbvzsB5cl6c159owcn/HMMfOR/fgJ+KTQ==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="5IW3VcB4Cugw/l++7Ig/dEfQtYg=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIupGCLhxmYB5QDKEnk5N0qTnQXeNEEJ+QFei7vwkf8C/sRNnoYl3dbrubahbQaqkIdf9cgpr6xubW8Xt0s7u3v5B+fCoZZJMC2yKRCW6E3CDSsbYJEkKO6lGHgUK28H4bu63H1EbmcQPNEnRj/gwlqEUnOyocdsvV9yquxBbBS+HCuSq98ufvUEisghjEoob0/XclPwp1ySFwlmplxlMuRjzIXYtxjxC408Xi87YWZhoRiNki/fv7JRHxkyiwGYiTiOz7M2H/3ndjMIbfyrjNCOMhY1YL8wUo4TN+7KB1ChITSxwoaXdkokR11yQvUrJ1veWy65C66LqXVXdxmWldpkfoggncArn4ME11OAe6tAEAQjP8AbvzsB5cl6c159owcn/HMMfOR/fgJ+KTQ==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="5IW3VcB4Cugw/l++7Ig/dEfQtYg=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIupGCLhxmYB5QDKEnk5N0qTnQXeNEEJ+QFei7vwkf8C/sRNnoYl3dbrubahbQaqkIdf9cgpr6xubW8Xt0s7u3v5B+fCoZZJMC2yKRCW6E3CDSsbYJEkKO6lGHgUK28H4bu63H1EbmcQPNEnRj/gwlqEUnOyocdsvV9yquxBbBS+HCuSq98ufvUEisghjEoob0/XclPwp1ySFwlmplxlMuRjzIXYtxjxC408Xi87YWZhoRiNki/fv7JRHxkyiwGYiTiOz7M2H/3ndjMIbfyrjNCOMhY1YL8wUo4TN+7KB1ChITSxwoaXdkokR11yQvUrJ1veWy65C66LqXVXdxmWldpkfoggncArn4ME11OAe6tAEAQjP8AbvzsB5cl6c159owcn/HMMfOR/fgJ+KTQ==</latexit>

] ] ] X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

0
<latexit sha1_base64="cWJpoMyZbvgf1l/k4WrInL4WX/g=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEdNd1CuuFV3KbYOXg4VyNUYlD/7w1ikIUYkFDem57kJ+RnXJIXCeamfGky4mPIx9ixGPETjZ8tF5+xiFGtGE2TL9+9sxkNjZmFgMyGniVn1FsP/vF5Ko1s/k1GSEkbCRqw3ShWjmC36sqHUKEjNLHChpd2SiQnXXJC9SsnW91bLrkP7qupdV91mrVKv5YcowhmcwyV4cAN1uIcGtEAAwjO8wbszdJ6cF+f1J1pw8j+n8EfOxzdtOYpA</latexit>

2 2
<latexit sha1_base64="8KImGWFa+0iphZUOghVGmz1XEDI=">AAAB43icbZDNTgIxFIXv4B/iH+rSTSMxcSOZIURdkrhxiUZ+EpiQTrkDDe3MpO2YkAlPoCuj7nwjX8C3seAsFDyrr/ecJvfcIBFcG9f9cgpr6xubW8Xt0s7u3v5B+fCoreNUMWyxWMSqG1CNgkfYMtwI7CYKqQwEdoLJzdzvPKLSPI4ezDRBX9JRxEPOqLGj+4vaoFxxq+5CZBW8HCqQqzkof/aHMUslRoYJqnXPcxPjZ1QZzgTOSv1UY0LZhI6wZzGiErWfLTadkbMwVsSMkSzev7MZlVpPZWAzkpqxXvbmw/+8XmrCaz/jUZIajJiNWC9MBTExmRcmQ66QGTG1QJnidkvCxlRRZuxZSra+t1x2Fdq1qndZde/qlUY9P0QRTuAUzsGDK2jALTShBQxCeIY3eHfQeXJenNefaMHJ/xzDHzkf39hmink=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="kF/LjkAz4wCw37IrMpbUU9pxJvs=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQtQliRuXkAiYwIT0NAV06Hmku8aETPgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCRElDrvvlFDY2t7Z3irulvf2Dw6Py8UnHxKkW2BaxivVDwA0qGWGbJCl8SDTyMFDYDaa3C7/7iNrIOLqnWYJ+yMeRHEnByY5atUG54lbdpdg6eDlUIFdzUP7sD2ORhhiRUNyYnucm5GdckxQK56V+ajDhYsrH2LMY8RCNny0XnbOLUawZTZAt37+zGQ+NmYWBzYScJmbVWwz/83opjW78TEZJShgJG7HeKFWMYrboy4ZSoyA1s8CFlnZLJiZcc0H2KiVb31stuw6dWtW7qrqteqVRzw9RhDM4h0vw4BoacAdNaIMAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj29wNYpC</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : y 2
<latexit sha1_base64="lyeQnI5x1kf+naNCXV70rBh0/sU=">AAACCHicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqks3g6VQQUsSioooFNy4rGIf0KRlMp22QyeTMDORhtAf0J/Rlag71/6Af+O0ZqHVszr3nnPhnuOFjEplmp9GZmFxaXklu5pbW9/Y3Mpv7zRkEAlM6jhggWh5SBJGOakrqhhphYIg32Ok6Y0up3rzjghJA36r4pC4Phpw2qcYKb3q5ov1CycpjQ/jA4dy6PhIDT0vuZl07DMYd+wjOz4fO5NuvmCWzRngX2KlpABS1Lr5D6cX4MgnXGGGpGxbZqjcBAlFMSOTnBNJEiI8QgPS1pQjn0g3mcWZwGI/EFANCZzNP70J8qWMfU97pp/KeW26/E9rR6p/6iaUh5EiHGuL1voRgyqA01ZgjwqCFYs1QVhQ/SXEQyQQVrq7nI5vzYf9Sxp22Toum9eVQrWSFpEFe2AflIAFTkAVXIEaqAMMHsATeAVvxr3xaDwbL9/WjJHe7IJfMN6/AH54mD8=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="JNd00MjOQVBD7lZ0ZhsUfT1Wmtw=">AAAB+HicbZDNTsJAFIWn+If4VzWu3DQSE4hKWkLUjQmJG5eYyE8CSKbDLUyYdpqZqaE2vIuujLrzOXwB38YBu1DwrL6550xy73FDRqWy7S8js7S8srqWXc9tbG5t75i7ew3JI0GgTjjjouViCYwGUFdUMWiFArDvMmi6o+up33wAISkP7lQcQtfHg4B6lGClRz3zwCuMT+PiVYfxQWF8Ft+XT8pxsWfm7ZI9k7UITgp5lKrWMz87fU4iHwJFGJay7dih6iZYKEoYTHKdSEKIyQgPoK0xwD7IbjJbf2Ide1xYagjW7P07m2Bfyth3dcbHaijnvenwP68dKe+ym9AgjBQEREe050XMUtyatmD1qQCiWKwBE0H1lhYZYoGJ0l3l9PnO/LGL0CiXnPOSfVvJVytpEVl0iI5QATnoAlXRDaqhOiIoQc/oDb0bj8aT8WK8/kQzRvpnH/2R8fENfTKRjQ==</latexit>

2 2y < x}
EJ f (x, y) = log(x y + 2y)
2 2
<latexit sha1_base64="WNt/FeNfkg8Fp/YwUB69wpkspB4=">AAAB7XicbZDNSsNAFIVv/K31r+rSzWARXGhJSlEXQgtuXFawP9DEMplO2qGTTJiZiCH0MXQl6s6X8QV8G6c1C209q2/uOQP3XD/mTGnb/rKWlldW19YLG8XNre2d3dLefluJRBLaIoIL2fWxopxFtKWZ5rQbS4pDn9OOP76e+p0HKhUT0Z1OY+qFeBixgBGszchN76tn1fTq0T2t1/ulsl2xZ0KL4ORQhlzNfunTHQiShDTShGOleo4day/DUjPC6aToJorGmIzxkPYMRjikystmO0/QcSAk0iOKZu/f2QyHSqWhbzIh1iM1702H/3m9RAeXXsaiONE0IiZivCDhSAs0rY4GTFKieWoAE8nMloiMsMREmwMVTX1nvuwitKsV57xi39bKjVp+iAIcwhGcgAMX0IAbaEILCMTwDG/wbgnryXqxXn+iS1b+5wD+yPr4BjI4jhk=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="4427L7k7oo22URj+mvvfiw2emDo=">AAAB63icbZDNSgMxFIXv1L9a/6ou3QSLIIhlphR1JQU3LivYH2zHkknTNjTJDElGHIY+ha5E3fk2voBvY1pnoa1n9eWeE7jnBhFn2rjul5NbWl5ZXcuvFzY2t7Z3irt7TR3GitAGCXmo2gHWlDNJG4YZTtuRolgEnLaC8dXUbz1QpVkob00SUV/goWQDRrCxo7vH0+S+clJJLt1eseSW3ZnQIngZlCBTvVf87PZDEgsqDeFY647nRsZPsTKMcDopdGNNI0zGeEg7FiUWVPvpbOMJOhqECpkRRbP372yKhdaJCGxGYDPS8950+J/Xic3gwk+ZjGJDJbER6w1ijkyIpsVRnylKDE8sYKKY3RKREVaYGHuegq3vzZddhGal7J2V3ZtqqVbNDpGHAziEY/DgHGpwDXVoAAEJz/AG745wnpwX5/UnmnOyP/vwR87HN+WljVw=</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

x y + 2y > 0 y 2y < x ??
y2
<latexit sha1_base64="BT1KeZe0sR1xj+XoBLwt44VW+aE=">AAAB6XicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm8EiuLEkpagboeDGZQV7gTaWyfSkHTq5MDMRQ+hD6ErUna/jC/g2TmsW2vqvvjn/P3D+48WCK23bX1ZhZXVtfaO4Wdra3tndK+8ftFWUSIYtFolIdj2qUPAQW5prgd1YIg08gR1vcj3zOw8oFY/CO53G6AZ0FHKfM6rNqJve185q6dXjoFyxq/ZcZBmcHCqQqzkof/aHEUsCDDUTVKmeY8fazajUnAmclvqJwpiyCR1hz2BIA1RuNt93Sk78SBI9RjJ//85mNFAqDTyTCageq0VvNvzP6yXav3QzHsaJxpCZiPH8RBAdkVltMuQSmRapAcokN1sSNqaSMm2OUzL1ncWyy9CuVZ3zqn1brzTq+SGKcATHcAoOXEADbqAJLWAg4Bne4N2aWE/Wi/X6Ey1Y+Z9D+CPr4xsM6ozs</latexit>

2y = x
curva <latexit sha1_base64="T/JTP7KDRlzMNbNQcsqE7zx4scI=">AAAB5nicbZDNTsJAFIVv8Q/xD3XpZiIxcUVaYtQliRuXmFgggYZMh1s6YfqTmSkJaXgFXRl15wP5Ar6NU+xCwbP65p4zyT3XTwVX2ra/rMrG5tb2TnW3trd/cHhUPz7pqiSTDF2WiET2fapQ8BhdzbXAfiqRRr7Anj+9K/zeDKXiSfyo5yl6EZ3EPOCMajNyWSZndFRv2E17KbIOTgkNKNUZ1T+H44RlEcaaCarUwLFT7eVUas4ELmrDTGFK2ZROcGAwphEqL18uuyAXQSKJDpEs37+zOY2Umke+yURUh2rVK4b/eYNMB7dezuM00xgzEzFekAmiE1J0JmMukWkxN0CZ5GZLwkIqKdPmMjVT31ktuw7dVtO5btoPrUb7qjxEFc7gHC7BgRtowz10wAUGHJ7hDd6t0HqyXqzXn2jFKv+cwh9ZH9/qLYxX</latexit>

cónica
<latexit sha1_base64="W6sak96carBlh186/a2gA6cPL2I=">AAAB7XicbVDLTgIxFL2DL8QX6tJNIzFxRWaIUZckblxiIo8EJqRT7kBDp520HRNC+AxdGXXnz/gDfoc/YMFZKHg2Pb3n3OSeE6WCG+v7n15hbX1jc6u4XdrZ3ds/KB8etYzKNMMmU0LpTkQNCi6xabkV2Ek10iQS2I7GN3O9/YDacCXv7STFMKFDyWPOqHWjGBh8gQTuXtovV/yqvwBZJUFOKpCj0S9/9AaKZQlKywQ1phv4qQ2nVFvOBM5KvcxgStmYDrHrqKQJmnC6uHlGzmKliR0hWfx/e6c0MWaSRM6TUDsyy9p8+J/WzWx8HU65TDOLkjmL0+JMEKvIPDoZcI3MiokjlGnuriRsRDVl1hVUcvGD5bCrpFWrBpdV/65WqV/kRRThBE7hHAK4gjrcQgOars4UnuAV3jzlPXrP3suPteDlO8fwB977Nz7BjXc=</latexit>

”Una ecuación en R2 es una curva”


<latexit sha1_base64="yUxascdLKqCDBVo7wfItobb+5Y8=">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</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : y 2
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<latexit sha1_base64="JNd00MjOQVBD7lZ0ZhsUfT1Wmtw=">AAAB+HicbZDNTsJAFIWn+If4VzWu3DQSE4hKWkLUjQmJG5eYyE8CSKbDLUyYdpqZqaE2vIuujLrzOXwB38YBu1DwrL6550xy73FDRqWy7S8js7S8srqWXc9tbG5t75i7ew3JI0GgTjjjouViCYwGUFdUMWiFArDvMmi6o+up33wAISkP7lQcQtfHg4B6lGClRz3zwCuMT+PiVYfxQWF8Ft+XT8pxsWfm7ZI9k7UITgp5lKrWMz87fU4iHwJFGJay7dih6iZYKEoYTHKdSEKIyQgPoK0xwD7IbjJbf2Ide1xYagjW7P07m2Bfyth3dcbHaijnvenwP68dKe+ym9AgjBQEREe050XMUtyatmD1qQCiWKwBE0H1lhYZYoGJ0l3l9PnO/LGL0CiXnPOSfVvJVytpEVl0iI5QATnoAlXRDaqhOiIoQc/oDb0bj8aT8WK8/kQzRvpnH/2R8fENfTKRjQ==</latexit>

2 2y < x}
EJ f (x, y) = log(x y + 2y)
2 2
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<latexit sha1_base64="4427L7k7oo22URj+mvvfiw2emDo=">AAAB63icbZDNSgMxFIXv1L9a/6ou3QSLIIhlphR1JQU3LivYH2zHkknTNjTJDElGHIY+ha5E3fk2voBvY1pnoa1n9eWeE7jnBhFn2rjul5NbWl5ZXcuvFzY2t7Z3irt7TR3GitAGCXmo2gHWlDNJG4YZTtuRolgEnLaC8dXUbz1QpVkob00SUV/goWQDRrCxo7vH0+S+clJJLt1eseSW3ZnQIngZlCBTvVf87PZDEgsqDeFY647nRsZPsTKMcDopdGNNI0zGeEg7FiUWVPvpbOMJOhqECpkRRbP372yKhdaJCGxGYDPS8950+J/Xic3gwk+ZjGJDJbER6w1ijkyIpsVRnylKDE8sYKKY3RKREVaYGHuegq3vzZddhGal7J2V3ZtqqVbNDpGHAziEY/DgHGpwDXVoAAEJz/AG745wnpwX5/UnmnOyP/vwR87HN+WljVw=</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

x y + 2y > 0 y 2y < x ??
y2 2y = x ! (y 1)2 = x + 1
<latexit sha1_base64="9dtnwEyj0hmeqBHzWvOOIENTnL4=">AAACAnicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdenCwSJUpCUJRd0UCm5cVrAPaNMymU6aoZMHMxNtCN3pz+hK1J2f4A/4N05rFtp6Vufecy7cc5yIUSEN40tbWl5ZXVvPbeQ3t7Z3dvW9/aYIY45JA4cs5G0HCcJoQBqSSkbaESfIdxhpOaOrqd66I1zQMLiVSURsHw0D6lKMpFr19aOkZ5WspDrucjr0JOI8vIfFpGSe9qzq+Mzs6wWjbMwAF4mZkQLIUO/rn91BiGOfBBIzJETHNCJpp4hLihmZ5LuxIBHCIzQkHUUD5BNhp7MgE3jihhxKj8DZ/NubIl+IxHeUx0fSE/PadPmf1omle2mnNIhiSQKsLEpzYwZlCKd9wAHlBEuWKIIwp+pLiD3EEZaqtbyKb86HXSRNq2yel42bSqFWyYrIgUNwDIrABBegBq5BHTQABo/gGbyBd+1Be9JetNcf65KW3RyAP9A+vgG46JWR</latexit>

parábola
<latexit sha1_base64="aJQH2ZfZXlT59jTqVG7RpRnFf0A=">AAAB8XicbZDNSsNAFIVv6l+tf1WXbgaL4KokRdRlwY3LCvYH2lAm00kzdJIJMzdCCX0QXYm681V8AZe+idOahbae1Tf3nIF7bpBKYdB1P53S2vrG5lZ5u7Kzu7d/UD086hiVacbbTEmlewE1XIqEt1Gg5L1UcxoHkneDyc3c7z5wbYRK7nGacj+m40SEglG0owhSoKDhCwJQIIEOqzW37i5EVsEroAaFWsPqx2CkWBbzBJmkxvQ9N0U/pxoFk3xWGWSGp5RN6Jj3LSY05sbPF3vPyFmoNMGIk8X7dzansTHTOLCZmGJklr358D+vn2F47eciSTPkCbMR64WZJKjIvD4ZCc0ZyqkFyrSwWxIWUU0Z2iNVbH1vuewqdBp177Lu3jVqzYviEGU4gVM4Bw+uoAm30II2MEB4gld4c4zz6Dw7Lz/RklP8OYY/ct6/ARI5jm4=</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : y 2
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<latexit sha1_base64="JNd00MjOQVBD7lZ0ZhsUfT1Wmtw=">AAAB+HicbZDNTsJAFIWn+If4VzWu3DQSE4hKWkLUjQmJG5eYyE8CSKbDLUyYdpqZqaE2vIuujLrzOXwB38YBu1DwrL6550xy73FDRqWy7S8js7S8srqWXc9tbG5t75i7ew3JI0GgTjjjouViCYwGUFdUMWiFArDvMmi6o+up33wAISkP7lQcQtfHg4B6lGClRz3zwCuMT+PiVYfxQWF8Ft+XT8pxsWfm7ZI9k7UITgp5lKrWMz87fU4iHwJFGJay7dih6iZYKEoYTHKdSEKIyQgPoK0xwD7IbjJbf2Ide1xYagjW7P07m2Bfyth3dcbHaijnvenwP68dKe+ym9AgjBQEREe050XMUtyatmD1qQCiWKwBE0H1lhYZYoGJ0l3l9PnO/LGL0CiXnPOSfVvJVytpEVl0iI5QATnoAlXRDaqhOiIoQc/oDb0bj8aT8WK8/kQzRvpnH/2R8fENfTKRjQ==</latexit>

2 2y < x}
EJ f (x, y) = log(x y + 2y)
2 2
<latexit sha1_base64="WNt/FeNfkg8Fp/YwUB69wpkspB4=">AAAB7XicbZDNSsNAFIVv/K31r+rSzWARXGhJSlEXQgtuXFawP9DEMplO2qGTTJiZiCH0MXQl6s6X8QV8G6c1C209q2/uOQP3XD/mTGnb/rKWlldW19YLG8XNre2d3dLefluJRBLaIoIL2fWxopxFtKWZ5rQbS4pDn9OOP76e+p0HKhUT0Z1OY+qFeBixgBGszchN76tn1fTq0T2t1/ulsl2xZ0KL4ORQhlzNfunTHQiShDTShGOleo4day/DUjPC6aToJorGmIzxkPYMRjikystmO0/QcSAk0iOKZu/f2QyHSqWhbzIh1iM1702H/3m9RAeXXsaiONE0IiZivCDhSAs0rY4GTFKieWoAE8nMloiMsMREmwMVTX1nvuwitKsV57xi39bKjVp+iAIcwhGcgAMX0IAbaEILCMTwDG/wbgnryXqxXn+iS1b+5wD+yPr4BjI4jhk=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="4427L7k7oo22URj+mvvfiw2emDo=">AAAB63icbZDNSgMxFIXv1L9a/6ou3QSLIIhlphR1JQU3LivYH2zHkknTNjTJDElGHIY+ha5E3fk2voBvY1pnoa1n9eWeE7jnBhFn2rjul5NbWl5ZXcuvFzY2t7Z3irt7TR3GitAGCXmo2gHWlDNJG4YZTtuRolgEnLaC8dXUbz1QpVkob00SUV/goWQDRrCxo7vH0+S+clJJLt1eseSW3ZnQIngZlCBTvVf87PZDEgsqDeFY647nRsZPsTKMcDopdGNNI0zGeEg7FiUWVPvpbOMJOhqECpkRRbP372yKhdaJCGxGYDPS8950+J/Xic3gwk+ZjGJDJbER6w1ijkyIpsVRnylKDE8sYKKY3RKREVaYGHuegq3vzZddhGal7J2V3ZtqqVbNDpGHAziEY/DgHGpwDXVoAAEJz/AG745wnpwX5/UnmnOyP/vwR87HN+WljVw=</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

x y + 2y > 0 y 2y < x ??
y2
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2y = x
y2 2y = x ! (y 1)2 = x + 1
<latexit sha1_base64="9dtnwEyj0hmeqBHzWvOOIENTnL4=">AAACAnicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdenCwSJUpCUJRd0UCm5cVrAPaNMymU6aoZMHMxNtCN3pz+hK1J2f4A/4N05rFtp6Vufecy7cc5yIUSEN40tbWl5ZXVvPbeQ3t7Z3dvW9/aYIY45JA4cs5G0HCcJoQBqSSkbaESfIdxhpOaOrqd66I1zQMLiVSURsHw0D6lKMpFr19aOkZ5WspDrucjr0JOI8vIfFpGSe9qzq+Mzs6wWjbMwAF4mZkQLIUO/rn91BiGOfBBIzJETHNCJpp4hLihmZ5LuxIBHCIzQkHUUD5BNhp7MgE3jihhxKj8DZ/NubIl+IxHeUx0fSE/PadPmf1omle2mnNIhiSQKsLEpzYwZlCKd9wAHlBEuWKIIwp+pLiD3EEZaqtbyKb86HXSRNq2yel42bSqFWyYrIgUNwDIrABBegBq5BHTQABo/gGbyBd+1Be9JetNcf65KW3RyAP9A+vgG46JWR</latexit>

parábola
<latexit sha1_base64="aJQH2ZfZXlT59jTqVG7RpRnFf0A=">AAAB8XicbZDNSsNAFIVv6l+tf1WXbgaL4KokRdRlwY3LCvYH2lAm00kzdJIJMzdCCX0QXYm681V8AZe+idOahbae1Tf3nIF7bpBKYdB1P53S2vrG5lZ5u7Kzu7d/UD086hiVacbbTEmlewE1XIqEt1Gg5L1UcxoHkneDyc3c7z5wbYRK7nGacj+m40SEglG0owhSoKDhCwJQIIEOqzW37i5EVsEroAaFWsPqx2CkWBbzBJmkxvQ9N0U/pxoFk3xWGWSGp5RN6Jj3LSY05sbPF3vPyFmoNMGIk8X7dzansTHTOLCZmGJklr358D+vn2F47eciSTPkCbMR64WZJKjIvD4ZCc0ZyqkFyrSwWxIWUU0Z2iNVbH1vuewqdBp177Lu3jVqzYviEGU4gVM4Bw+uoAm30II2MEB4gld4c4zz6Dw7Lz/RklP8OYY/ct6/ARI5jm4=</latexit>

2
<latexit sha1_base64="kF/LjkAz4wCw37IrMpbUU9pxJvs=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQtQliRuXkAiYwIT0NAV06Hmku8aETPgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCRElDrvvlFDY2t7Z3irulvf2Dw6Py8UnHxKkW2BaxivVDwA0qGWGbJCl8SDTyMFDYDaa3C7/7iNrIOLqnWYJ+yMeRHEnByY5atUG54lbdpdg6eDlUIFdzUP7sD2ORhhiRUNyYnucm5GdckxQK56V+ajDhYsrH2LMY8RCNny0XnbOLUawZTZAt37+zGQ+NmYWBzYScJmbVWwz/83opjW78TEZJShgJG7HeKFWMYrboy4ZSoyA1s8CFlnZLJiZcc0H2KiVb31stuw6dWtW7qrqteqVRzw9RhDM4h0vw4BoacAdNaIMAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj29wNYpC</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

1
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Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : y 2
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<latexit sha1_base64="JNd00MjOQVBD7lZ0ZhsUfT1Wmtw=">AAAB+HicbZDNTsJAFIWn+If4VzWu3DQSE4hKWkLUjQmJG5eYyE8CSKbDLUyYdpqZqaE2vIuujLrzOXwB38YBu1DwrL6550xy73FDRqWy7S8js7S8srqWXc9tbG5t75i7ew3JI0GgTjjjouViCYwGUFdUMWiFArDvMmi6o+up33wAISkP7lQcQtfHg4B6lGClRz3zwCuMT+PiVYfxQWF8Ft+XT8pxsWfm7ZI9k7UITgp5lKrWMz87fU4iHwJFGJay7dih6iZYKEoYTHKdSEKIyQgPoK0xwD7IbjJbf2Ide1xYagjW7P07m2Bfyth3dcbHaijnvenwP68dKe+ym9AgjBQEREe050XMUtyatmD1qQCiWKwBE0H1lhYZYoGJ0l3l9PnO/LGL0CiXnPOSfVvJVytpEVl0iI5QATnoAlXRDaqhOiIoQc/oDb0bj8aT8WK8/kQzRvpnH/2R8fENfTKRjQ==</latexit>

2 2y < x}
EJ f (x, y) = log(x y + 2y)
2 2
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<latexit sha1_base64="4427L7k7oo22URj+mvvfiw2emDo=">AAAB63icbZDNSgMxFIXv1L9a/6ou3QSLIIhlphR1JQU3LivYH2zHkknTNjTJDElGHIY+ha5E3fk2voBvY1pnoa1n9eWeE7jnBhFn2rjul5NbWl5ZXcuvFzY2t7Z3irt7TR3GitAGCXmo2gHWlDNJG4YZTtuRolgEnLaC8dXUbz1QpVkob00SUV/goWQDRrCxo7vH0+S+clJJLt1eseSW3ZnQIngZlCBTvVf87PZDEgsqDeFY647nRsZPsTKMcDopdGNNI0zGeEg7FiUWVPvpbOMJOhqECpkRRbP372yKhdaJCGxGYDPS8950+J/Xic3gwk+ZjGJDJbER6w1ijkyIpsVRnylKDE8sYKKY3RKREVaYGHuegq3vzZddhGal7J2V3ZtqqVbNDpGHAziEY/DgHGpwDXVoAAEJz/AG745wnpwX5/UnmnOyP/vwR87HN+WljVw=</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

x y + 2y > 0 y 2y < x ??
y2
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2y = x
y2 2y = x ! (y 1)2 = x + 1
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parábola
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2
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y2
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2y < x
(1, 0) ! 02
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2·0<1 <latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

X
1
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Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : y 2
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<latexit sha1_base64="JNd00MjOQVBD7lZ0ZhsUfT1Wmtw=">AAAB+HicbZDNTsJAFIWn+If4VzWu3DQSE4hKWkLUjQmJG5eYyE8CSKbDLUyYdpqZqaE2vIuujLrzOXwB38YBu1DwrL6550xy73FDRqWy7S8js7S8srqWXc9tbG5t75i7ew3JI0GgTjjjouViCYwGUFdUMWiFArDvMmi6o+up33wAISkP7lQcQtfHg4B6lGClRz3zwCuMT+PiVYfxQWF8Ft+XT8pxsWfm7ZI9k7UITgp5lKrWMz87fU4iHwJFGJay7dih6iZYKEoYTHKdSEKIyQgPoK0xwD7IbjJbf2Ide1xYagjW7P07m2Bfyth3dcbHaijnvenwP68dKe+ym9AgjBQEREe050XMUtyatmD1qQCiWKwBE0H1lhYZYoGJ0l3l9PnO/LGL0CiXnPOSfVvJVytpEVl0iI5QATnoAlXRDaqhOiIoQc/oDb0bj8aT8WK8/kQzRvpnH/2R8fENfTKRjQ==</latexit>

2 2y < x}
EJ f (x, y) = log(x y + 2y)
2 2
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<latexit sha1_base64="4427L7k7oo22URj+mvvfiw2emDo=">AAAB63icbZDNSgMxFIXv1L9a/6ou3QSLIIhlphR1JQU3LivYH2zHkknTNjTJDElGHIY+ha5E3fk2voBvY1pnoa1n9eWeE7jnBhFn2rjul5NbWl5ZXcuvFzY2t7Z3irt7TR3GitAGCXmo2gHWlDNJG4YZTtuRolgEnLaC8dXUbz1QpVkob00SUV/goWQDRrCxo7vH0+S+clJJLt1eseSW3ZnQIngZlCBTvVf87PZDEgsqDeFY647nRsZPsTKMcDopdGNNI0zGeEg7FiUWVPvpbOMJOhqECpkRRbP372yKhdaJCGxGYDPS8950+J/Xic3gwk+ZjGJDJbER6w1ijkyIpsVRnylKDE8sYKKY3RKREVaYGHuegq3vzZddhGal7J2V3ZtqqVbNDpGHAziEY/DgHGpwDXVoAAEJz/AG745wnpwX5/UnmnOyP/vwR87HN+WljVw=</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

x y + 2y > 0 y 2y < x ??
y2
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2y = x
y2 2y = x ! (y 1)2 = x + 1
<latexit sha1_base64="9dtnwEyj0hmeqBHzWvOOIENTnL4=">AAACAnicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdenCwSJUpCUJRd0UCm5cVrAPaNMymU6aoZMHMxNtCN3pz+hK1J2f4A/4N05rFtp6Vufecy7cc5yIUSEN40tbWl5ZXVvPbeQ3t7Z3dvW9/aYIY45JA4cs5G0HCcJoQBqSSkbaESfIdxhpOaOrqd66I1zQMLiVSURsHw0D6lKMpFr19aOkZ5WspDrucjr0JOI8vIfFpGSe9qzq+Mzs6wWjbMwAF4mZkQLIUO/rn91BiGOfBBIzJETHNCJpp4hLihmZ5LuxIBHCIzQkHUUD5BNhp7MgE3jihhxKj8DZ/NubIl+IxHeUx0fSE/PadPmf1omle2mnNIhiSQKsLEpzYwZlCKd9wAHlBEuWKIIwp+pLiD3EEZaqtbyKb86HXSRNq2yel42bSqFWyYrIgUNwDIrABBegBq5BHTQABo/gGbyBd+1Be9JetNcf65KW3RyAP9A+vgG46JWR</latexit>

parábola
<latexit sha1_base64="aJQH2ZfZXlT59jTqVG7RpRnFf0A=">AAAB8XicbZDNSsNAFIVv6l+tf1WXbgaL4KokRdRlwY3LCvYH2lAm00kzdJIJMzdCCX0QXYm681V8AZe+idOahbae1Tf3nIF7bpBKYdB1P53S2vrG5lZ5u7Kzu7d/UD086hiVacbbTEmlewE1XIqEt1Gg5L1UcxoHkneDyc3c7z5wbYRK7nGacj+m40SEglG0owhSoKDhCwJQIIEOqzW37i5EVsEroAaFWsPqx2CkWBbzBJmkxvQ9N0U/pxoFk3xWGWSGp5RN6Jj3LSY05sbPF3vPyFmoNMGIk8X7dzansTHTOLCZmGJklr358D+vn2F47eciSTPkCbMR64WZJKjIvD4ZCc0ZyqkFyrSwWxIWUU0Z2iNVbH1vuewqdBp177Lu3jVqzYviEGU4gVM4Bw+uoAm30II2MEB4gld4c4zz6Dw7Lz/RklP8OYY/ct6/ARI5jm4=</latexit>

2
<latexit sha1_base64="kF/LjkAz4wCw37IrMpbUU9pxJvs=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQtQliRuXkAiYwIT0NAV06Hmku8aETPgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCRElDrvvlFDY2t7Z3irulvf2Dw6Py8UnHxKkW2BaxivVDwA0qGWGbJCl8SDTyMFDYDaa3C7/7iNrIOLqnWYJ+yMeRHEnByY5atUG54lbdpdg6eDlUIFdzUP7sD2ORhhiRUNyYnucm5GdckxQK56V+ajDhYsrH2LMY8RCNny0XnbOLUawZTZAt37+zGQ+NmYWBzYScJmbVWwz/83opjW78TEZJShgJG7HeKFWMYrboy4ZSoyA1s8CFlnZLJiZcc0H2KiVb31stuw6dWtW7qrqteqVRzw9RhDM4h0vw4BoacAdNaIMAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj29wNYpC</latexit>

y2
<latexit sha1_base64="s1CV1S/WtFMp3THjizgXqLwOhto=">AAAB6XicbZC7TgJBFIbP4g3xhlraTCQmNpJdQtTCgsTGEhO5JLCS2eEsTJi9ZGbWuNnwEFoZtfN1fAHfxgG3UPCvvjn/P8n5jxcLrrRtf1mFldW19Y3iZmlre2d3r7x/0FZRIhm2WCQi2fWoQsFDbGmuBXZjiTTwBHa8yfXM7zygVDwK73QaoxvQUch9zqg2o256XzurpVePg3LFrtpzkWVwcqhAruag/NkfRiwJMNRMUKV6jh1rN6NScyZwWuonCmPKJnSEPYMhDVC52XzfKTnxI0n0GMn8/Tub0UCpNPBMJqB6rBa92fA/r5do/9LNeBgnGkNmIsbzE0F0RGa1yZBLZFqkBiiT3GxJ2JhKyrQ5TsnUdxbLLkO7VnXOq/ZtvdKo54cowhEcwyk4cAENuIEmtICBgGd4g3drYj1ZL9brT7Rg5X8O4Y+sj28La4zr</latexit>

2y < x
X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

2
<latexit sha1_base64="nYZYujdYk7IYTLf1O1qFuIOIwRE=">AAACCXicbVDNTgIxGOziH+If6tFLI9FgImSXEPVkSLx4xER+EhZJtxS2obvdtN9qyIYn0JfRk1FvXn0B38aCe1B0TjPfTJPOeJHgGmz708osLC4tr2RXc2vrG5tb+e2dppaxoqxBpZCq7RHNBA9ZAzgI1o4UI4EnWMsbXUz91i1TmsvwGsYR6wZkGPIBpwTMqZc/LNrHJefIVXzoA1FK3uGi0TeVUsWlfQkzdW738gW7bM+A/xInJQWUot7Lf7h9SeOAhUAF0brj2BF0E6KAU8EmOTfWLCJ0RIasY2hIAqa7yazPBB8MpMLgMzzTP7MJCbQeB57JBAR8Pe9Nj/95nRgGZ92Eh1EMLKQmYrxBLDBIPJ0F97liFMTYEEIVN7/E1CeKUDDj5Ux9Z77sX9KslJ2Tsn1VLdSq6RBZtIf2URE56BTV0CWqowai6AE9oVf0Zt1bj9az9fIdzVjpm130C9b7F7rOlmQ=</latexit>

(0, 1) ! ( 1) 2 · ( 1) > 0
1
<latexit sha1_base64="21aR4ormN5UqjC43OdLQ9oZPN9w=">AAAB43icbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhM3EhmDFGXJG5cohEhgQnpaWqgQ88j3TUmhPAFujLqzj/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FqZKGXPfLKaysrq1vFDdLW9s7u3vl/YMHk2RaYFMkKtHtgBtUMsYmSVLYTjXyKFDYCkbXM7/1iNrIJL6ncYp+xAexDKXgZEd3Z16vXHGr7lxsGbwcKpCr0St/dvuJyCKMSShuTMdzU/InXJMUCqelbmYw5WLEB9ixGPMIjT+ZbzplJ2GiGQ2Rzd+/sxMeGTOOApuJOA3Nojcb/ud1Mgqv/ImM04wwFjZivTBTjBI2K8z6UqMgNbbAhZZ2SyaGXHNB9iwlW99bLLsMD+dV76Lq3tYq9Vp+iCIcwTGcggeXUIcbaEATBITwDG/w7qDz5Lw4rz/RgpP/OYQ/cj6+Adboing=</latexit>

y2
<latexit sha1_base64="Wdab/ffQxkRz09Dxz12w5t7huyA=">AAAB6XicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm8EiuLEkpagrKbhxWcFeoI1lMj1ph04uzEzEEPoQuhJ15+v4Ar6N05qFtv6rb87/D5z/eLHgStv2l1VYWV1b3yhulra2d3b3yvsHbRUlkmGLRSKSXY8qFDzEluZaYDeWSANPYMebXM/8zgNKxaPwTqcxugEdhdznjGoz6qb3tbNaevU4KFfsqj0XWQYnhwrkag7Kn/1hxJIAQ80EVarn2LF2Myo1ZwKnpX6iMKZsQkfYMxjSAJWbzfedkhM/kkSPkczfv7MZDZRKA89kAqrHatGbDf/zeon2L92Mh3GiMWQmYjw/EURHZFabDLlEpkVqgDLJzZaEjamkTJvjlEx9Z7HsMrRrVee8at/WK416fogiHMExnIIDF9CAG2hCCxgIeIY3eLcm1pP1Yr3+RAtW/ucQ/sj6+AYOaYzt</latexit>

2y > x
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : y 2
<latexit sha1_base64="lyeQnI5x1kf+naNCXV70rBh0/sU=">AAACCHicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqks3g6VQQUsSioooFNy4rGIf0KRlMp22QyeTMDORhtAf0J/Rlag71/6Af+O0ZqHVszr3nnPhnuOFjEplmp9GZmFxaXklu5pbW9/Y3Mpv7zRkEAlM6jhggWh5SBJGOakrqhhphYIg32Ok6Y0up3rzjghJA36r4pC4Phpw2qcYKb3q5ov1CycpjQ/jA4dy6PhIDT0vuZl07DMYd+wjOz4fO5NuvmCWzRngX2KlpABS1Lr5D6cX4MgnXGGGpGxbZqjcBAlFMSOTnBNJEiI8QgPS1pQjn0g3mcWZwGI/EFANCZzNP70J8qWMfU97pp/KeW26/E9rR6p/6iaUh5EiHGuL1voRgyqA01ZgjwqCFYs1QVhQ/SXEQyQQVrq7nI5vzYf9Sxp22Toum9eVQrWSFpEFe2AflIAFTkAVXIEaqAMMHsATeAVvxr3xaDwbL9/WjJHe7IJfMN6/AH54mD8=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="JNd00MjOQVBD7lZ0ZhsUfT1Wmtw=">AAAB+HicbZDNTsJAFIWn+If4VzWu3DQSE4hKWkLUjQmJG5eYyE8CSKbDLUyYdpqZqaE2vIuujLrzOXwB38YBu1DwrL6550xy73FDRqWy7S8js7S8srqWXc9tbG5t75i7ew3JI0GgTjjjouViCYwGUFdUMWiFArDvMmi6o+up33wAISkP7lQcQtfHg4B6lGClRz3zwCuMT+PiVYfxQWF8Ft+XT8pxsWfm7ZI9k7UITgp5lKrWMz87fU4iHwJFGJay7dih6iZYKEoYTHKdSEKIyQgPoK0xwD7IbjJbf2Ide1xYagjW7P07m2Bfyth3dcbHaijnvenwP68dKe+ym9AgjBQEREe050XMUtyatmD1qQCiWKwBE0H1lhYZYoGJ0l3l9PnO/LGL0CiXnPOSfVvJVytpEVl0iI5QATnoAlXRDaqhOiIoQc/oDb0bj8aT8WK8/kQzRvpnH/2R8fENfTKRjQ==</latexit>

2 2y < x}
EJ f (x, y) = log(x y + 2y)
2 2
<latexit sha1_base64="WNt/FeNfkg8Fp/YwUB69wpkspB4=">AAAB7XicbZDNSsNAFIVv/K31r+rSzWARXGhJSlEXQgtuXFawP9DEMplO2qGTTJiZiCH0MXQl6s6X8QV8G6c1C209q2/uOQP3XD/mTGnb/rKWlldW19YLG8XNre2d3dLefluJRBLaIoIL2fWxopxFtKWZ5rQbS4pDn9OOP76e+p0HKhUT0Z1OY+qFeBixgBGszchN76tn1fTq0T2t1/ulsl2xZ0KL4ORQhlzNfunTHQiShDTShGOleo4day/DUjPC6aToJorGmIzxkPYMRjikystmO0/QcSAk0iOKZu/f2QyHSqWhbzIh1iM1702H/3m9RAeXXsaiONE0IiZivCDhSAs0rY4GTFKieWoAE8nMloiMsMREmwMVTX1nvuwitKsV57xi39bKjVp+iAIcwhGcgAMX0IAbaEILCMTwDG/wbgnryXqxXn+iS1b+5wD+yPr4BjI4jhk=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="4427L7k7oo22URj+mvvfiw2emDo=">AAAB63icbZDNSgMxFIXv1L9a/6ou3QSLIIhlphR1JQU3LivYH2zHkknTNjTJDElGHIY+ha5E3fk2voBvY1pnoa1n9eWeE7jnBhFn2rjul5NbWl5ZXcuvFzY2t7Z3irt7TR3GitAGCXmo2gHWlDNJG4YZTtuRolgEnLaC8dXUbz1QpVkob00SUV/goWQDRrCxo7vH0+S+clJJLt1eseSW3ZnQIngZlCBTvVf87PZDEgsqDeFY647nRsZPsTKMcDopdGNNI0zGeEg7FiUWVPvpbOMJOhqECpkRRbP372yKhdaJCGxGYDPS8950+J/Xic3gwk+ZjGJDJbER6w1ijkyIpsVRnylKDE8sYKKY3RKREVaYGHuegq3vzZddhGal7J2V3ZtqqVbNDpGHAziEY/DgHGpwDXVoAAEJz/AG745wnpwX5/UnmnOyP/vwR87HN+WljVw=</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

x y + 2y > 0 y 2y < x ??
y2 2y = x ! (y 1)2 = x + 1
<latexit sha1_base64="9dtnwEyj0hmeqBHzWvOOIENTnL4=">AAACAnicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdenCwSJUpCUJRd0UCm5cVrAPaNMymU6aoZMHMxNtCN3pz+hK1J2f4A/4N05rFtp6Vufecy7cc5yIUSEN40tbWl5ZXVvPbeQ3t7Z3dvW9/aYIY45JA4cs5G0HCcJoQBqSSkbaESfIdxhpOaOrqd66I1zQMLiVSURsHw0D6lKMpFr19aOkZ5WspDrucjr0JOI8vIfFpGSe9qzq+Mzs6wWjbMwAF4mZkQLIUO/rn91BiGOfBBIzJETHNCJpp4hLihmZ5LuxIBHCIzQkHUUD5BNhp7MgE3jihhxKj8DZ/NubIl+IxHeUx0fSE/PadPmf1omle2mnNIhiSQKsLEpzYwZlCKd9wAHlBEuWKIIwp+pLiD3EEZaqtbyKb86HXSRNq2yel42bSqFWyYrIgUNwDIrABBegBq5BHTQABo/gGbyBd+1Be9JetNcf65KW3RyAP9A+vgG46JWR</latexit>

parábola
<latexit sha1_base64="aJQH2ZfZXlT59jTqVG7RpRnFf0A=">AAAB8XicbZDNSsNAFIVv6l+tf1WXbgaL4KokRdRlwY3LCvYH2lAm00kzdJIJMzdCCX0QXYm681V8AZe+idOahbae1Tf3nIF7bpBKYdB1P53S2vrG5lZ5u7Kzu7d/UD086hiVacbbTEmlewE1XIqEt1Gg5L1UcxoHkneDyc3c7z5wbYRK7nGacj+m40SEglG0owhSoKDhCwJQIIEOqzW37i5EVsEroAaFWsPqx2CkWBbzBJmkxvQ9N0U/pxoFk3xWGWSGp5RN6Jj3LSY05sbPF3vPyFmoNMGIk8X7dzansTHTOLCZmGJklr358D+vn2F47eciSTPkCbMR64WZJKjIvD4ZCc0ZyqkFyrSwWxIWUU0Z2iNVbH1vuewqdBp177Lu3jVqzYviEGU4gVM4Bw+uoAm30II2MEB4gld4c4zz6Dw7Lz/RklP8OYY/ct6/ARI5jm4=</latexit>

U
<latexit sha1_base64="X3hMuLPXgTdnOCHWW334VVptyAY=">AAAB4nicbZDNTsJAFIVv8Q/xD3XpZiIxcUVaQ9QliRuXkFgggYZMh1uYMNM2M1MT0vACujLqzkfyBXwbB+xCwbP65p4zyT03TAXXxnW/nNLG5tb2Tnm3srd/cHhUPT7p6CRTDH2WiET1QqpR8Bh9w43AXqqQylBgN5zeLfzuIyrNk/jBzFIMJB3HPOKMGjtq+8Nqza27S5F18AqoQaHWsPo5GCUskxgbJqjWfc9NTZBTZTgTOK8MMo0pZVM6xr7FmErUQb5cdE4uokQRM0GyfP/O5lRqPZOhzUhqJnrVWwz/8/qZiW6DnMdpZjBmNmK9KBPEJGTRl4y4QmbEzAJlitstCZtQRZmxV6nY+t5q2XXoXNW967rbbtSajeIQZTiDc7gED26gCffQAh8YIDzDG7w7I+fJeXFef6Ilp/hzCn/kfHwDpG+KZQ==</latexit>

2
<latexit sha1_base64="kF/LjkAz4wCw37IrMpbUU9pxJvs=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQtQliRuXkAiYwIT0NAV06Hmku8aETPgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCRElDrvvlFDY2t7Z3irulvf2Dw6Py8UnHxKkW2BaxivVDwA0qGWGbJCl8SDTyMFDYDaa3C7/7iNrIOLqnWYJ+yMeRHEnByY5atUG54lbdpdg6eDlUIFdzUP7sD2ORhhiRUNyYnucm5GdckxQK56V+ajDhYsrH2LMY8RCNny0XnbOLUawZTZAt37+zGQ+NmYWBzYScJmbVWwz/83opjW78TEZJShgJG7HeKFWMYrboy4ZSoyA1s8CFlnZLJiZcc0H2KiVb31stuw6dWtW7qrqteqVRzw9RhDM4h0vw4BoacAdNaIMAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj29wNYpC</latexit>

y2
<latexit sha1_base64="s1CV1S/WtFMp3THjizgXqLwOhto=">AAAB6XicbZC7TgJBFIbP4g3xhlraTCQmNpJdQtTCgsTGEhO5JLCS2eEsTJi9ZGbWuNnwEFoZtfN1fAHfxgG3UPCvvjn/P8n5jxcLrrRtf1mFldW19Y3iZmlre2d3r7x/0FZRIhm2WCQi2fWoQsFDbGmuBXZjiTTwBHa8yfXM7zygVDwK73QaoxvQUch9zqg2o256XzurpVePg3LFrtpzkWVwcqhAruag/NkfRiwJMNRMUKV6jh1rN6NScyZwWuonCmPKJnSEPYMhDVC52XzfKTnxI0n0GMn8/Tub0UCpNPBMJqB6rBa92fA/r5do/9LNeBgnGkNmIsbzE0F0RGa1yZBLZFqkBiiT3GxJ2JhKyrQ5TsnUdxbLLkO7VnXOq/ZtvdKo54cowhEcwyk4cAENuIEmtICBgGd4g3drYj1ZL9brT7Rg5X8O4Y+sj28La4zr</latexit>

2y < x
<latexit sha1_base64="OcyNd1AgNThXbIikhRMf2MfgIjY=">AAAB7nicbZDNSgMxFIXv+FvrX9Wlm2ARKkiZKUXdCAU3LivYH2iHkknvtKGZyZhkhFL6GroSdefD+AK+jWmdhbae1Zd7TuCeGySCa+O6X87K6tr6xmZuK7+9s7u3Xzg4bGqZKoYNJoVU7YBqFDzGhuFGYDtRSKNAYCsY3cz81iMqzWV8b8YJ+hEdxDzkjBo78sOSd+6dXXeFHJBKr1B0y+5cZBm8DIqQqd4rfHb7kqURxoYJqnXHcxPjT6gynAmc5rupxoSyER1gx2JMI9T+ZL70lJyGUhEzRDJ//85OaKT1OApsJqJmqBe92fA/r5Oa8Mqf8DhJDcbMRqwXpoIYSWbdSZ8rZEaMLVCmuN2SsCFVlBl7obyt7y2WXYZmpexdlN27arFWzQ6Rg2M4gRJ4cAk1uIU6NIDBAzzDG7w7ifPkvDivP9EVJ/tzBH/kfHwDGMyN+g==</latexit>

f (1, 1) = log 2 <latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

X
@ f (0, 2) = log 0
<latexit sha1_base64="uiaYlV132t+ZtFLJMkCh4vdn5Tw=">AAAB+3icbVDLSgMxFM3UV62vUTeCm2ARKpQyU4q6EQpuXFawD+gMJZPeaUMzkyHJiKXUn9GVqDv/wh/wb0zrLLT1rM6951ySc4KEM6Ud58vKrayurW/kNwtb2zu7e/b+QUuJVFJoUsGF7AREAWcxNDXTHDqJBBIFHNrB6Hqmt+9BKibiOz1OwI/IIGYho0SbVc8+8mJ4MM8o7JXDklOunl15XAyw07OLTsWZAy8TNyNFlKHRsz+9vqBpBLGmnCjVdZ1E+xMiNaMcpgUvVZAQOiID6BoakwiUP5knmOLTUEish4Dn82/vhERKjaPAeCKih2pRmy3/07qpDi/9CYuTVENMjcVoYcqxFnhWBO4zCVTzsSGESmZ+iemQSEK1qatg4ruLYZdJq1pxzyvOba1Yr2VF5NExOkEl5KILVEc3qIGaiKJH9Ize0Ls1tZ6sF+v1x5qzsptD9AfWxzeDfpKp</latexit>

1
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Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera


Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera

Entorno de x0 2 R de radio r
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r (
(
<latexit sha1_base64="xJ0DpVAe6EqapAUxEesRbRkLtME=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEdNPShX3Kq7FFsHL4cK5GoMyp/9YSzSECMSihvT89yE/IxrkkLhvNRPDSZcTPkYexYjHqLxs+Wic3YxijWjCbLl+3c246ExszCwmZDTxKx6i+F/Xi+l0a2fyShJCSNhI9YbpYpRzBZ92VBqFKRmFrjQ0m7JxIRrLshepWTre6tl16F9VfWuq26zVqnX8kMU4QzO4RI8uIE63EMDWiAA4Rne4N0ZOk/Oi/P6Ey04+Z9T+CPn4xvPtYqC</latexit>

X
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<latexit sha1_base64="KKwBgGLEY8uKRLkNDs2bT//9lw0=">AAAB5HicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXGOWRwIT0NDXQoeeR7hojIfyBroy684v8Af/GBmeh4F2drns7qVtBqqQh1/1yCiura+sbxc3S1vbO7l55/6BpkkwLbIhEJbodcINKxtggSQrbqUYeBQpbweh65rceUBuZxPc0TtGP+CCWoRSc7Ojusef2yhW36s7FlsHLoQK56r3yZ7efiCzCmITixnQ8NyV/wjVJoXBa6mYGUy5GfIAdizGP0PiT+apTdhImmtEQ2fz9OzvhkTHjKLCZiNPQLHqz4X9eJ6Pwyp/IOM0IY2Ej1gszxShhs8asLzUKUmMLXGhpt2RiyDUXZO9SsvW9xbLL0DyrehdV9/a8UjvPD1GEIziGU/DgEmpwA3VogIABPMMbvDuh8+S8OK8/0YKT/zmEP3I+vgH5J4sr</latexit>

x0
x0 r x0 + r
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<latexit sha1_base64="da9um/ulVLBsEXAWq0Mwc25d9BU=">AAAB5nicbZDNTsJAFIVv8Q/xD3XpZiIxcSNpDUGXJG5cYmKBBBoyHW7phOlPZqZG0vAKujLqzgfyBXwbB+xCwbP65p4zyT3XTwVX2ra/rNLa+sbmVnm7srO7t39QPTzqqCSTDF2WiET2fKpQ8BhdzbXAXiqRRr7Arj+5mfvdB5SKJ/G9nqboRXQc84Azqs3IfRzaF3JYrdl1eyGyCk4BNSjUHlY/B6OEZRHGmgmqVN+xU+3lVGrOBM4qg0xhStmEjrFvMKYRKi9fLDsjZ0EiiQ6RLN6/szmNlJpGvslEVIdq2ZsP//P6mQ6uvZzHaaYxZiZivCATRCdk3pmMuESmxdQAZZKbLQkLqaRMm8tUTH1nuewqdC7rTrNu3zVqrUZxiDKcwCmcgwNX0IJbaIMLDDg8wxu8W6H1ZL1Yrz/RklX8OYY/sj6+ATKIi94=</latexit>

{x 2 R : |x x0 | < r}
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Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

Entorno de un punto. Sea (x0 , y0 ) 2 R2 .


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<latexit sha1_base64="BqFUlF77g86JzdIweOw8b1mVdd0=">AAACGHicbVDLTgIxFO3gC/E16tJNI5hgYsgM8bUkMSYuMZFHAmTSKReodNpJ2zESwo/oz+jK+Fi5828syELBszr3ntPcnhPGnGnjeV9OamFxaXklvZpZW9/Y3HK3d6paJopChUouVT0kGjgTUDHMcKjHCkgUcqiF/YuxXrsDpZkUN2YQQysiXcE6jBJjV4F7cskxCCOVkLgNOJe/D7yjQeAd5sajIm0mcU7lMGgMHFMpbhPrDtysV/AmwPPEn5IsmqIcuB/NtqRJZE9RTrRu+F5sWkOiDKMcRplmoiEmtE+60LBUkAh0aziJN8IHHamw6QGezL+9QxJpPYhC64mI6elZbbz8T2skpnPeGjIRJwYEtRardRKOjcTjlnCbKaCGDywhVDH7S0x7RBFqbJcZG9+fDTtPqsWCf1rwrovZ0vG0iDTaQ/soj3x0hkroCpVRBVH0iJ7RG3p3Hpwn58V5/bGmnOmbXfQHzuc3Zt2dZQ==</latexit>

El entorno de (x0 , y0 ) de radio r es el conjunto


{(x, y) 2 R2 : ||(x, y)
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(x0 , y0 )|| < r}

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

R2
<latexit sha1_base64="jIeBv3afv8kKbU6RzyFTb0qGCYs=">AAAB7XicbVC7TsNAEFyHVwivACWNRYREFdlRBJSRaCgDIg8pNtH5sk5OOfusuzNSZOUzoEJAx8/wA/wN5+ACEqaa3ZmVZjZIOFPacb6s0tr6xuZWebuys7u3f1A9POoqkUqKHSq4kP2AKOQsxo5mmmM/kUiigGMvmF7neu8RpWIivtezBP2IjGMWMkq0WXleRPQkCLK7+UNjWK05dWcBe5W4BalBgfaw+umNBE0jjDXlRKmB6yTaz4jUjHKcV7xUYULolIxxYGhMIlR+tsg8t89CIW09QXsx//ZmJFJqFgXGk6dTy1q+/E8bpDq88jMWJ6nGmBqL0cKU21rYeXV7xCRSzWeGECqZSWnTCZGEavOgiqnvLpddJd1G3b2oO7fNWqtZPKIMJ3AK5+DCJbTgBtrQAQoJPMMbvFvCerJerNcfa8kqbo7hD6yPb8NIjyI=</latexit>

Entorno de x0 2 R de radio r
<latexit sha1_base64="4riyrF1KNxPxTWxiIEVPNEFi+BA=">AAACDnicbVDNSgMxGMz6W+tf1aOXYCsIQtktoh4LInisYn+gW0o2/dqGZpMlyYpl6Tvoy+hJ1JsHX8C3MVv3oK1zmsxM4JsJIs60cd0vZ2FxaXllNbeWX9/Y3Nou7Ow2tIwVhTqVXKpWQDRwJqBumOHQihSQMODQDEYXqd+8A6WZFLdmHEEnJAPB+owSY6Vu4fhSGKmExD3Apfuu6zOB/ZCYYRAkN5NSKivSYxKXVKlbKLpldwo8T7yMFFGGWrfw6fckjUMQhnKiddtzI9NJiDKMcpjk/VhDROiIDKBtqSAh6E4yLTXBh32psBkCnr5/ZxMSaj0OA5tJL9WzXir+57Vj0z/vJExEsQFBbcR6/ZhjI3G6De4xBdTwsSWEKmavxHRIFKHGLpi39b3ZsvOkUSl7p2X3ulKsnmRD5NA+OkBHyENnqIquUA3VEUWP6Bm9oXfnwXlyXpzXn+iCk/3ZQ3/gfHwDtOGaeQ==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="2yFRwpYQcY+jNuNTn+iGsAJ2+6g=">AAAB6nicbZDNSgMxFIUz9a/Wv6pLN8EiVJCSkaIuC25cVrA/0g5DJr3ThiYzQ5IRy9CX0JWoOx/HF/BtTOsstPWsvtxzAvfcIBFcG0K+nMLK6tr6RnGztLW9s7tX3j9o6zhVDFosFrHqBlSD4BG0DDcCuokCKgMBnWB8PfM7D6A0j6M7M0nAk3QY8ZAzauzovvrok7OJT079coXUyFx4GdwcKihX0y9/9gcxSyVEhgmqdc8lifEyqgxnAqalfqohoWxMh9CzGFEJ2svmC0/xSRgrbEaA5+/f2YxKrScysBlJzUgverPhf14vNeGVl/EoSQ1EzEasF6YCmxjPeuMBV8CMmFigTHG7JWYjqigz9jolW99dLLsM7fOae1Ejt/VKo54fooiO0DGqIhddoga6QU3UQgxJ9Ize0LsjnCfnxXn9iRac/M8h+iPn4xskr4zs</latexit>

(x0 , y0 )
r ( r
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(
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X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="KKwBgGLEY8uKRLkNDs2bT//9lw0=">AAAB5HicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXGOWRwIT0NDXQoeeR7hojIfyBroy684v8Af/GBmeh4F2drns7qVtBqqQh1/1yCiura+sbxc3S1vbO7l55/6BpkkwLbIhEJbodcINKxtggSQrbqUYeBQpbweh65rceUBuZxPc0TtGP+CCWoRSc7Ojusef2yhW36s7FlsHLoQK56r3yZ7efiCzCmITixnQ8NyV/wjVJoXBa6mYGUy5GfIAdizGP0PiT+apTdhImmtEQ2fz9OzvhkTHjKLCZiNPQLHqz4X9eJ6Pwyp/IOM0IY2Ej1gszxShhs8asLzUKUmMLXGhpt2RiyDUXZO9SsvW9xbLL0DyrehdV9/a8UjvPD1GEIziGU/DgEmpwA3VogIABPMMbvDuh8+S8OK8/0YKT/zmEP3I+vgH5J4sr</latexit>

x0
x0 r x0 + r
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X
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{x 2 R : |x
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x0 | < r} p
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(x x0 )2 + (y y0 ) 2 < r
x0 )2 + (y y0 ) 2 < r 2
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(x
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

Entorno de un punto. Sea (x0 , y0 ) 2 R2 .


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<latexit sha1_base64="BqFUlF77g86JzdIweOw8b1mVdd0=">AAACGHicbVDLTgIxFO3gC/E16tJNI5hgYsgM8bUkMSYuMZFHAmTSKReodNpJ2zESwo/oz+jK+Fi5828syELBszr3ntPcnhPGnGnjeV9OamFxaXklvZpZW9/Y3HK3d6paJopChUouVT0kGjgTUDHMcKjHCkgUcqiF/YuxXrsDpZkUN2YQQysiXcE6jBJjV4F7cskxCCOVkLgNOJe/D7yjQeAd5sajIm0mcU7lMGgMHFMpbhPrDtysV/AmwPPEn5IsmqIcuB/NtqRJZE9RTrRu+F5sWkOiDKMcRplmoiEmtE+60LBUkAh0aziJN8IHHamw6QGezL+9QxJpPYhC64mI6elZbbz8T2skpnPeGjIRJwYEtRardRKOjcTjlnCbKaCGDywhVDH7S0x7RBFqbJcZG9+fDTtPqsWCf1rwrovZ0vG0iDTaQ/soj3x0hkroCpVRBVH0iJ7RG3p3Hpwn58V5/bGmnOmbXfQHzuc3Zt2dZQ==</latexit>

El entorno de (x0 , y0 ) de radio r es el conjunto


{(x, y) 2 R2 : ||(x, y)
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(x0 , y0 )|| < r}

Z
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Entorno de x0 2 R de radio r
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<latexit sha1_base64="JbrB2oXcaTns6c+HMj8A3dhd2Tc=">AAAB7nicbVDLSgNBEOz1GeMr6tHLYhAiSJiVoB4DXjxGMA9IlmV20psMmX04MyvGJb+hJ1Fvfow/4N84iXvQxIKG6q5q6Go/EVxpQr6speWV1bX1wkZxc2t7Z7e0t99ScSoZNlksYtnxqULBI2xqrgV2Eok09AW2/dHVVG/fo1Q8jm71OEE3pIOIB5xRbUZu5cEjp2NTjx458UplUiUz2IvEyUkZcjS80mevH7M0xEgzQZXqOiTRbkal5kzgpNhLFSaUjegAu4ZGNETlZrOjJ/ZxEEtbD9Ge9b+9GQ2VGoe+8YRUD9W8Nh3+p3VTHVy6GY+SVGPEjMVoQSpsHdvT7HafS2RajA2hTHJzpc2GVFKmzYeKJr4zH3aRtM6qznmV3NTK9Vr+iAIcwhFUwIELqMM1NKAJDO7gGd7g3UqsJ+vFev2xLln5zgH8gfXxDZI/jkk=</latexit>

(x0 , y0 , z0 )
r (
(
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X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

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x0
x0 r x0 + r r
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<latexit sha1_base64="xJ0DpVAe6EqapAUxEesRbRkLtME=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEdNPShX3Kq7FFsHL4cK5GoMyp/9YSzSECMSihvT89yE/IxrkkLhvNRPDSZcTPkYexYjHqLxs+Wic3YxijWjCbLl+3c246ExszCwmZDTxKx6i+F/Xi+l0a2fyShJCSNhI9YbpYpRzBZ92VBqFKRmFrjQ0m7JxIRrLshepWTre6tl16F9VfWuq26zVqnX8kMU4QzO4RI8uIE63EMDWiAA4Rne4N0ZOk/Oi/P6Ey04+Z9T+CPn4xvPtYqC</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="da9um/ulVLBsEXAWq0Mwc25d9BU=">AAAB5nicbZDNTsJAFIVv8Q/xD3XpZiIxcSNpDUGXJG5cYmKBBBoyHW7phOlPZqZG0vAKujLqzgfyBXwbB+xCwbP65p4zyT3XTwVX2ra/rNLa+sbmVnm7srO7t39QPTzqqCSTDF2WiET2fKpQ8BhdzbXAXiqRRr7Arj+5mfvdB5SKJ/G9nqboRXQc84Azqs3IfRzaF3JYrdl1eyGyCk4BNSjUHlY/B6OEZRHGmgmqVN+xU+3lVGrOBM4qg0xhStmEjrFvMKYRKi9fLDsjZ0EiiQ6RLN6/szmNlJpGvslEVIdq2ZsP//P6mQ6uvZzHaaYxZiZivCATRCdk3pmMuESmxdQAZZKbLQkLqaRMm8tUTH1nuewqdC7rTrNu3zVqrUZxiDKcwCmcgwNX0IJbaIMLDDg8wxu8W6H1ZL1Yrz/RklX8OYY/sj6+ATKIi94=</latexit>

{x 2 R : |x x0 | < r}
<latexit sha1_base64="yVkcV/Yejp1wHHYGCbp7010akRM=">AAACAXicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqEtBBovgxpJIUREXBTcuq9gHNCFMptN26GQSZibSkmalP6MrUXf+gj/g3zipWWjrWZ17z7lwz/EjRqWyrC+jsLC4tLxSXC2trW9sbpnbO00ZxgKTBg5ZKNo+koRRThqKKkbakSAo8Blp+cOrTG/dEyFpyO/UOCJugPqc9ihGSq88c99JRg7l0AmQGvh+cptewMnoeORZk0vhpJ5ZtirWFHCe2Dkpgxx1z/x0uiGOA8IVZkjKjm1Fyk2QUBQzkpacWJII4SHqk46mHAVEusk0RwoPe6GAakDgdP7tTVAg5TjwtSd7VM5q2fI/rROr3rmbUB7FinCsLVrrxQyqEGZ1wC4VBCs21gRhQfWXEA+QQFjp0ko6vj0bdp40Tyr2acW6qZZr1byIItgDB+AI2OAM1MA1qIMGwOARPIM38G48GE/Gi/H6Yy0Y+c0u+APj4xs3R5ae</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

R3
<latexit sha1_base64="q5yLd8LDdRfmMSrAwIqfBEIcMdY=">AAAB7XicbVC7TsNAEFyHVwivACXNiQiJKrIhAspINJQBkYcUm+h8WSennB+6OyNFVj4DKgR0/Aw/wN9wDi4gYarZnVlpZv1EcKVt+8sqrayurW+UNytb2zu7e9X9g46KU8mwzWIRy55PFQoeYVtzLbCXSKShL7DrT65zvfuIUvE4utfTBL2QjiIecEa1WbluSPXY97O72cP5oFqz6/YcZJk4BalBgdag+ukOY5aGGGkmqFJ9x060l1GpORM4q7ipwoSyCR1h39CIhqi8bJ55Rk6CWBI9RjKff3szGio1DX3jydOpRS1f/qf1Ux1ceRmPklRjxIzFaEEqiI5JXp0MuUSmxdQQyiQ3KQkbU0mZNg+qmPrOYtll0jmrOxd1+7ZRazaKR5ThCI7hFBy4hCbcQAvawCCBZ3iDdyu2nqwX6/XHWrKKm0P4A+vjG8TGjyM=</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

Entorno de un punto. Sea (x0 , y0 ) 2 R2 .


<latexit sha1_base64="x8zOZZI8KyZ1bNndkgo0XVN2pBo=">AAACA3icbVDLTsJAFJ3iC/FVdelmIphgYkhLjLokceMSHzwSqM10uMCE6SMzU2PTsNSf0ZVRd/6BP+DfOGAXCp7Vufecm9xzvIgzqSzry8gtLC4tr+RXC2vrG5tb5vZOU4axoNCgIQ9F2yMSOAugoZji0I4EEN/j0PJG5xO9dQdCsjC4UUkEjk8GAeszSpReuSa+BoJL5XvXOkpc67DLAtz1iRp6Xno1vq2WKq5ZtCrWFHie2Bkpogx11/zs9kIa+xAoyomUHduKlJMSoRjlMC50YwkRoSMygI6mAfFBOuk0yRgf9EOB1RDwdP7tTYkvZeJ72jP5T85qk+V/WidW/TMnZUEUKwiotmitH3OsQjwpBPeYAKp4ogmhgukvMR0SQajStRV0fHs27DxpViv2ScW6rBZrx1kRebSH9lEZ2egU1dAFqqMGougRPaM39G48GE/Gi/H6Y80Z2c0u+gPj4xvp35Wn</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="BqFUlF77g86JzdIweOw8b1mVdd0=">AAACGHicbVDLTgIxFO3gC/E16tJNI5hgYsgM8bUkMSYuMZFHAmTSKReodNpJ2zESwo/oz+jK+Fi5828syELBszr3ntPcnhPGnGnjeV9OamFxaXklvZpZW9/Y3HK3d6paJopChUouVT0kGjgTUDHMcKjHCkgUcqiF/YuxXrsDpZkUN2YQQysiXcE6jBJjV4F7cskxCCOVkLgNOJe/D7yjQeAd5sajIm0mcU7lMGgMHFMpbhPrDtysV/AmwPPEn5IsmqIcuB/NtqRJZE9RTrRu+F5sWkOiDKMcRplmoiEmtE+60LBUkAh0aziJN8IHHamw6QGezL+9QxJpPYhC64mI6elZbbz8T2skpnPeGjIRJwYEtRardRKOjcTjlnCbKaCGDywhVDH7S0x7RBFqbJcZG9+fDTtPqsWCf1rwrovZ0vG0iDTaQ/soj3x0hkroCpVRBVH0iJ7RG3p3Hpwn58V5/bGmnOmbXfQHzuc3Zt2dZQ==</latexit>

El entorno de (x0 , y0 ) de radio r es el conjunto


{(x, y) 2 R2 : ||(x, y)
<latexit sha1_base64="oBy6bTOxkE9Ch8yEVxQHTpcT8FI=">AAACE3icbVDLTgIxFO3gC/E16tJNIzGBBEmHEDXGBYkbl2jkkTA46ZQCDZ1H2o5hMvAZ+jO6MupKP8C/sSALBc/q3HvOTe45bsiZVAh9Gaml5ZXVtfR6ZmNza3vH3N2ryyAShNZIwAPRdLGknPm0ppjitBkKij2X04Y7uJzojXsqJAv8WxWHtO3hns+6jGClV46J7CQ3LMR5m/nQ9rDqu25yM74rncPRaCoc54YOKsQOyo9GF8IeO2YWFdEUcJFYM5IFM1Qd88PuBCTyqK8Ix1K2LBSqdoKFYoTTccaOJA0xGeAebWnqY4/KdjJNNoZH3UBA1adwOv/2JtiTMvZc7Zm8Lee1yfI/rRWp7lk7YX4YKeoTbdFaN+JQBXBSEOwwQYnisSaYCKa/hKSPBSZK15jR8a35sIukXipaJ0V0Xc5WyrMi0uAAHIIcsMApqIArUAU1QMAjeAZv4N14MJ6MF+P1x5oyZjf74A+Mz28ddJxL</latexit>

(x0 , y0 )|| < r}

Entorno de x0 2 R de radio r
<latexit sha1_base64="4riyrF1KNxPxTWxiIEVPNEFi+BA=">AAACDnicbVDNSgMxGMz6W+tf1aOXYCsIQtktoh4LInisYn+gW0o2/dqGZpMlyYpl6Tvoy+hJ1JsHX8C3MVv3oK1zmsxM4JsJIs60cd0vZ2FxaXllNbeWX9/Y3Nou7Ow2tIwVhTqVXKpWQDRwJqBumOHQihSQMODQDEYXqd+8A6WZFLdmHEEnJAPB+owSY6Vu4fhSGKmExD3Apfuu6zOB/ZCYYRAkN5NSKivSYxKXVKlbKLpldwo8T7yMFFGGWrfw6fckjUMQhnKiddtzI9NJiDKMcpjk/VhDROiIDKBtqSAh6E4yLTXBh32psBkCnr5/ZxMSaj0OA5tJL9WzXir+57Vj0z/vJExEsQFBbcR6/ZhjI3G6De4xBdTwsSWEKmavxHRIFKHGLpi39b3ZsvOkUSl7p2X3ulKsnmRD5NA+OkBHyENnqIquUA3VEUWP6Bm9oXfnwXlyXpzXn+iCk/3ZQ3/gfHwDtOGaeQ==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="K5cpGtWfFlVaEpni9z5M8RfdZgw=">AAAB+XicbZDLSsNAFIYn9VbrLSq4cTO0FSpISYqoy4IblxXsBdoQJtOTdujkwsxEDLEPoytRd76GL+DbOK1ZaOu/+ub8/8A5vxdzJpVlfRmFldW19Y3iZmlre2d3z9w/6MgoERTaNOKR6HlEAmchtBVTHHqxABJ4HLre5Hrmd+9BSBaFdyqNwQnIKGQ+o0TpkWselSkISvAQcLX24FpnqWudVsuuWbHq1lx4GewcKihXyzU/B8OIJgGEinIiZd+2YuVkRChGOUxLg0RCTOiEjKCvMSQBSCeb7z/FJ34ksBoDnr9/ZzMSSJkGns4ERI3lojcb/uf1E+VfORkL40RBSHVEe37CsYrwrAY8ZAKo4qkGQgXTW2I6JoJQpcsq6fPtxWOXodOo2xd167ZRaZ7nRRTRMSqjGrLRJWqiG9RCbUTRI3pGb+jdyIwn48V4/YkWjPzPIfoj4+MbDdSRMA==</latexit>

r ( ”cerca de (x0 , y0 )”
(
<latexit sha1_base64="xJ0DpVAe6EqapAUxEesRbRkLtME=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEdNPShX3Kq7FFsHL4cK5GoMyp/9YSzSECMSihvT89yE/IxrkkLhvNRPDSZcTPkYexYjHqLxs+Wic3YxijWjCbLl+3c246ExszCwmZDTxKx6i+F/Xi+l0a2fyShJCSNhI9YbpYpRzBZ92VBqFKRmFrjQ0m7JxIRrLshepWTre6tl16F9VfWuq26zVqnX8kMU4QzO4RI8uIE63EMDWiAA4Rne4N0ZOk/Oi/P6Ey04+Z9T+CPn4xvPtYqC</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="psJi3R3iWXET0peawy7u1HrqiGE=">AAAB/XicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqDvdDG2FClKSIuqy4MZlBfuANoTJ5KYdOnkwMxFDKfozuhJ150/4A/6N05qFVs/q3HvOhXuOl3AmlWV9GoWl5ZXVteJ6aWNza3vH3N3ryDgVFNo05rHoeUQCZxG0FVMceokAEnocut74cqZ3b0FIFkc3KkvACckwYgGjROmVax6UCRfggx8L7AOu1u5c6yRzreNq2TUrVt2aA/8ldk4qKEfLNT8GfkzTECJFOZGyb1uJciZEKEY5TEuDVEJC6JgMoa9pREKQzmSeYYqPAv2BGgGezz+9ExJKmYWe9oREjeSiNlv+p/VTFVw4ExYlqYKIaovWgpRjFeNZFdhnAqjimSaECqa/xHREBKFKF1bS8e3FsH9Jp1G3z+rWdaPSPM2LKKJDVEY1ZKNz1ERXqIXaiKIH9IRe0Ztxbzwaz8bLt7Vg5Df76BeM9y9TnpMM</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="KKwBgGLEY8uKRLkNDs2bT//9lw0=">AAAB5HicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXGOWRwIT0NDXQoeeR7hojIfyBroy684v8Af/GBmeh4F2drns7qVtBqqQh1/1yCiura+sbxc3S1vbO7l55/6BpkkwLbIhEJbodcINKxtggSQrbqUYeBQpbweh65rceUBuZxPc0TtGP+CCWoRSc7Ojusef2yhW36s7FlsHLoQK56r3yZ7efiCzCmITixnQ8NyV/wjVJoXBa6mYGUy5GfIAdizGP0PiT+apTdhImmtEQ2fz9OzvhkTHjKLCZiNPQLHqz4X9eJ6Pwyp/IOM0IY2Ej1gszxShhs8asLzUKUmMLXGhpt2RiyDUXZO9SsvW9xbLL0DyrehdV9/a8UjvPD1GEIziGU/DgEmpwA3VogIABPMMbvDuh8+S8OK8/0YKT/zmEP3I+vgH5J4sr</latexit>

x0 ”alrededor de (x0 , y0 )”
x0 r x0 + r
<latexit sha1_base64="3cpjZt2V7UrR6ngwFfSMwamJiPE=">AAAB5nicbZDNSsNAFIVv6l+tf1WXbgaLIAglkVJdFty4rGDaQhvKZHrTDJ38MDMRS+gr6ErUnQ/kC/g2TmsW2npW39xzBu65fiq40rb9ZZXW1jc2t8rblZ3dvf2D6uFRRyWZZOiyRCSy51OFgsfoaq4F9lKJNPIFdv3JzdzvPqBUPInv9TRFL6LjmAecUW1G7uPQvpDDas2u2wuRVXAKqEGh9rD6ORglLIsw1kxQpfqOnWovp1JzJnBWGWQKU8omdIx9gzGNUHn5YtkZOQsSSXSIZPH+nc1ppNQ08k0mojpUy958+J/Xz3Rw7eU8TjONMTMR4wWZIDoh885kxCUyLaYGKJPcbElYSCVl2lymYuo7y2VXoXNZd5p1+65RazWKQ5ThBE7hHBy4ghbcQhtcYMDhGd7g3QqtJ+vFev2JlqzizzH8kfXxDS+Ki9w=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="da9um/ulVLBsEXAWq0Mwc25d9BU=">AAAB5nicbZDNTsJAFIVv8Q/xD3XpZiIxcSNpDUGXJG5cYmKBBBoyHW7phOlPZqZG0vAKujLqzgfyBXwbB+xCwbP65p4zyT3XTwVX2ra/rNLa+sbmVnm7srO7t39QPTzqqCSTDF2WiET2fKpQ8BhdzbXAXiqRRr7Arj+5mfvdB5SKJ/G9nqboRXQc84Azqs3IfRzaF3JYrdl1eyGyCk4BNSjUHlY/B6OEZRHGmgmqVN+xU+3lVGrOBM4qg0xhStmEjrFvMKYRKi9fLDsjZ0EiiQ6RLN6/szmNlJpGvslEVIdq2ZsP//P6mQ6uvZzHaaYxZiZivCATRCdk3pmMuESmxdQAZZKbLQkLqaRMm8tUTH1nuewqdC7rTrNu3zVqrUZxiDKcwCmcgwNX0IJbaIMLDDg8wxu8W6H1ZL1Yrz/RklX8OYY/sj6+ATKIi94=</latexit>

{x 2 R : |x x0 | < r}
<latexit sha1_base64="yVkcV/Yejp1wHHYGCbp7010akRM=">AAACAXicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqEtBBovgxpJIUREXBTcuq9gHNCFMptN26GQSZibSkmalP6MrUXf+gj/g3zipWWjrWZ17z7lwz/EjRqWyrC+jsLC4tLxSXC2trW9sbpnbO00ZxgKTBg5ZKNo+koRRThqKKkbakSAo8Blp+cOrTG/dEyFpyO/UOCJugPqc9ihGSq88c99JRg7l0AmQGvh+cptewMnoeORZk0vhpJ5ZtirWFHCe2Dkpgxx1z/x0uiGOA8IVZkjKjm1Fyk2QUBQzkpacWJII4SHqk46mHAVEusk0RwoPe6GAakDgdP7tTVAg5TjwtSd7VM5q2fI/rROr3rmbUB7FinCsLVrrxQyqEGZ1wC4VBCs21gRhQfWXEA+QQFjp0ko6vj0bdp40Tyr2acW6qZZr1byIItgDB+AI2OAM1MA1qIMGwOARPIM38G48GE/Gi/H6Yy0Y+c0u+APj4xs3R5ae</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

n
f : U ✓ R ! R campo escalar
<latexit sha1_base64="eGwl5bPrrEs9prp6hIKygEe4FS8=">AAACEnicbVDJTgJBFOzBDXFDPXrpSEw84YwhajyRePGIRpaEQdLTvIEOPYvdbzRkwl/oz+jJqDd+wL+xQQ4I1qm6qjp5VV4shUbb/rYyS8srq2vZ9dzG5tb2Tn53r6ajRHGo8khGquExDVKEUEWBEhqxAhZ4Eupe/2rs1x9BaRGFdziIoRWwbih8wRkaqZ0/8S+rrk48DQgP1A0Y9jwvvR3eh64S3R4ypaKnGb2dL9hFewK6SJwpKZApKu38yO1EPAkgRC6Z1k3HjrGVMoWCSxjm3ERDzHifdaFpaMgC0K10UmxIj/xIUewBnbxnsykLtB4EnsmMb9Pz3lj8z2sm6F+0UhHGCULITcR4fiIpRnS8D+0IBRzlwBDGlTBXUt5jinE0K+ZMfWe+7CKpnRads6J9UyqUS9MhsuSAHJJj4pBzUibXpEKqhJMX8kY+yZf1bL1a79bHbzRjTf/skz+wRj+rwJ6j</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="cscV+jCQnDmXYPKGeGk1Th2N7R0=">AAAB7nicbZDNTgIxFIU7+If4h7p000hMXJEZYtQliRuXmMhPAhNyp9yBhnY6th0TQngNXRl158P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGqeDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0ctozLNsMmUULoTgUHBE2xabgV2Uo0gI4HtaHwz99uPqA1Xyb2dpBhKGCY85gysG4UMZKooGgYCdL9c8av+QnQVghwqJFejX/7sDRTLJCaWCTCmG/ipDaegLWcCZ6VeZjAFNoYhdh0mINGE08XSM3oWK03tCOni/Ts7BWnMREYuI8GOzLI3H/7ndTMbX4dTnqSZxYS5iPPiTFCr6Lw7HXCNzIqJA2Cauy0pG4EGZt2FSq5+sFx2FVq1anBZ9e9qlfpFfogiOSGn5JwE5IrUyS1pkCZh5IE8kzfy7qXek/fivf5EC17+55j8kffxDYS0j5E=</latexit>

dominio
<latexit sha1_base64="sWpEaoP/woovoiLDde4T/JdQVLQ=">AAAB6HicbZDNTgIxFIXv4B/iH+rSTSMxcUVmiFGXJG5cYiI/CUxIp1yg0k4nbceETHgHXRl15/P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGieDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0cto1LNsMmUULoTUYOCx9i03ArsJBqpjAS2o8nN3G8/ojZcxfd2mmAo6SjmQ86odaP2QEkec9UvV/yqvxBZhSCHCuRq9MufvYFiqcTYMkGN6QZ+YsOMasuZwFmplxpMKJvQEXYdxlSiCbPFujNyNlSa2DGSxft3NqPSmKmMXEZSOzbL3nz4n9dN7fA6zHicpBZj5iLOG6aCWEXmrcmAa2RWTB1QprnbkrAx1ZRZd5uSqx8sl12FVq0aXFb9u1qlfpEfoggncArnEMAV1OEWGtAEBhN4hjd49x68J+/Fe/2JFrz8zzH8kffxDWvvjTk=</latexit>

frontera

( ]b
<latexit sha1_base64="BLb27uQevJyzJbSxs36DAYfN/+E=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfNYFCuuFV3KbYOXg4VyNUYlD/7w1ikIUYkFDem57kJ+RnXJIXCeamfGky4mPIx9ixGPETjZ8tF5+xiFGtGE2TL9+9sxkNjZmFgMyGniVn1FsP/vF5Ko1s/k1GSEkbCRqw3ShWjmC36sqHUKEjNLHChpd2SiQnXXJC9SsnW91bLrkP7qupdV91mrVKv5YcowhmcwyV4cAN1uIcGtEAAwjO8wbszdJ6cF+f1J1pw8j+n8EfOxze31Ypy</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

X
a
<latexit sha1_base64="8W36yc+2OodZrsMRimo6/8jxPWA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEdNPihX3Kq7FFsHL4cK5GoMyp/9YSzSECMSihvT89yE/IxrkkLhvNRPDSZcTPkYexYjHqLxs+Wic3YxijWjCbLl+3c246ExszCwmZDTxKx6i+F/Xi+l0a2fyShJCSNhI9YbpYpRzBZ92VBqFKRmFrjQ0m7JxIRrLshepWTre6tl16F9VfWuq26zVqnX8kMU4QzO4RI8uIE63EMDWiAA4Rne4N0ZOk/Oi/P6Ey04+Z9T+CPn4xu2V4px</latexit>

interior
I
<latexit sha1_base64="lQsDwnQGBtZrhvUDcr9fYsoRdBA=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIuoy4EZ3CZgHJEPo6dQkTXoedNcIIeQHdCXqzk/yB/wbO3EWmnhXp+vehroVpEoact0vp7C2vrG5Vdwu7ezu7R+UD49aJsm0wKZIVKI7ATeoZIxNkqSwk2rkUaCwHYxv5377EbWRSfxAkxT9iA9jGUrByY4a9/1yxa26C7FV8HKoQK56v/zZGyQiizAmobgxXc9NyZ9yTVIonJV6mcGUizEfYtdizCM0/nSx6IydhYlmNEK2eP/OTnlkzCQKbCbiNDLL3nz4n9fNKLzxpzJOM8JY2Ij1wkwxSti8LxtIjYLUxAIXWtotmRhxzQXZq5RsfW+57Cq0LqreVdVtXFZql/khinACp3AOHlxDDe6gDk0QgPAMb/DuDJwn58V5/YkWnPzPMfyR8/ENkoeKWQ==</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

n
f : U ✓ R ! R campo escalar
<latexit sha1_base64="eGwl5bPrrEs9prp6hIKygEe4FS8=">AAACEnicbVDJTgJBFOzBDXFDPXrpSEw84YwhajyRePGIRpaEQdLTvIEOPYvdbzRkwl/oz+jJqDd+wL+xQQ4I1qm6qjp5VV4shUbb/rYyS8srq2vZ9dzG5tb2Tn53r6ajRHGo8khGquExDVKEUEWBEhqxAhZ4Eupe/2rs1x9BaRGFdziIoRWwbih8wRkaqZ0/8S+rrk48DQgP1A0Y9jwvvR3eh64S3R4ypaKnGb2dL9hFewK6SJwpKZApKu38yO1EPAkgRC6Z1k3HjrGVMoWCSxjm3ERDzHifdaFpaMgC0K10UmxIj/xIUewBnbxnsykLtB4EnsmMb9Pz3lj8z2sm6F+0UhHGCULITcR4fiIpRnS8D+0IBRzlwBDGlTBXUt5jinE0K+ZMfWe+7CKpnRads6J9UyqUS9MhsuSAHJJj4pBzUibXpEKqhJMX8kY+yZf1bL1a79bHbzRjTf/skz+wRj+rwJ6j</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="cscV+jCQnDmXYPKGeGk1Th2N7R0=">AAAB7nicbZDNTgIxFIU7+If4h7p000hMXJEZYtQliRuXmMhPAhNyp9yBhnY6th0TQngNXRl158P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGqeDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0ctozLNsMmUULoTgUHBE2xabgV2Uo0gI4HtaHwz99uPqA1Xyb2dpBhKGCY85gysG4UMZKooGgYCdL9c8av+QnQVghwqJFejX/7sDRTLJCaWCTCmG/ipDaegLWcCZ6VeZjAFNoYhdh0mINGE08XSM3oWK03tCOni/Ts7BWnMREYuI8GOzLI3H/7ndTMbX4dTnqSZxYS5iPPiTFCr6Lw7HXCNzIqJA2Cauy0pG4EGZt2FSq5+sFx2FVq1anBZ9e9qlfpFfogiOSGn5JwE5IrUyS1pkCZh5IE8kzfy7qXek/fivf5EC17+55j8kffxDYS0j5E=</latexit>

dominio
<latexit sha1_base64="sWpEaoP/woovoiLDde4T/JdQVLQ=">AAAB6HicbZDNTgIxFIXv4B/iH+rSTSMxcUVmiFGXJG5cYiI/CUxIp1yg0k4nbceETHgHXRl15/P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGieDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0cto1LNsMmUULoTUYOCx9i03ArsJBqpjAS2o8nN3G8/ojZcxfd2mmAo6SjmQ86odaP2QEkec9UvV/yqvxBZhSCHCuRq9MufvYFiqcTYMkGN6QZ+YsOMasuZwFmplxpMKJvQEXYdxlSiCbPFujNyNlSa2DGSxft3NqPSmKmMXEZSOzbL3nz4n9dN7fA6zHicpBZj5iLOG6aCWEXmrcmAa2RWTB1QprnbkrAx1ZRZd5uSqx8sl12FVq0aXFb9u1qlfpEfoggncArnEMAV1OEWGtAEBhN4hjd49x68J+/Fe/2JFrz8zzH8kffxDWvvjTk=</latexit>

frontera

( ]b
<latexit sha1_base64="BLb27uQevJyzJbSxs36DAYfN/+E=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfNYFCuuFV3KbYOXg4VyNUYlD/7w1ikIUYkFDem57kJ+RnXJIXCeamfGky4mPIx9ixGPETjZ8tF5+xiFGtGE2TL9+9sxkNjZmFgMyGniVn1FsP/vF5Ko1s/k1GSEkbCRqw3ShWjmC36sqHUKEjNLHChpd2SiQnXXJC9SsnW91bLrkP7qupdV91mrVKv5YcowhmcwyV4cAN1uIcGtEAAwjO8wbszdJ6cF+f1J1pw8j+n8EfOxze31Ypy</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

X
a
<latexit sha1_base64="8W36yc+2OodZrsMRimo6/8jxPWA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEdNPihX3Kq7FFsHL4cK5GoMyp/9YSzSECMSihvT89yE/IxrkkLhvNRPDSZcTPkYexYjHqLxs+Wic3YxijWjCbLl+3c246ExszCwmZDTxKx6i+F/Xi+l0a2fyShJCSNhI9YbpYpRzBZ92VBqFKRmFrjQ0m7JxIRrLshepWTre6tl16F9VfWuq26zVqnX8kMU4QzO4RI8uIE63EMDWiAA4Rne4N0ZOk/Oi/P6Ey04+Z9T+CPn4xu2V4px</latexit>

interior
I
<latexit sha1_base64="lQsDwnQGBtZrhvUDcr9fYsoRdBA=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIuoy4EZ3CZgHJEPo6dQkTXoedNcIIeQHdCXqzk/yB/wbO3EWmnhXp+vehroVpEoact0vp7C2vrG5Vdwu7ezu7R+UD49aJsm0wKZIVKI7ATeoZIxNkqSwk2rkUaCwHYxv5377EbWRSfxAkxT9iA9jGUrByY4a9/1yxa26C7FV8HKoQK56v/zZGyQiizAmobgxXc9NyZ9yTVIonJV6mcGUizEfYtdizCM0/nSx6IydhYlmNEK2eP/OTnlkzCQKbCbiNDLL3nz4n9fNKLzxpzJOM8JY2Ij1wkwxSti8LxtIjYLUxAIXWtotmRhxzQXZq5RsfW+57Cq0LqreVdVtXFZql/khinACp3AOHlxDDe6gDk0QgPAMb/DuDJwn58V5/YkWnPzPMfyR8/ENkoeKWQ==</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

n
f : U ✓ R ! R campo escalar
<latexit sha1_base64="eGwl5bPrrEs9prp6hIKygEe4FS8=">AAACEnicbVDJTgJBFOzBDXFDPXrpSEw84YwhajyRePGIRpaEQdLTvIEOPYvdbzRkwl/oz+jJqDd+wL+xQQ4I1qm6qjp5VV4shUbb/rYyS8srq2vZ9dzG5tb2Tn53r6ajRHGo8khGquExDVKEUEWBEhqxAhZ4Eupe/2rs1x9BaRGFdziIoRWwbih8wRkaqZ0/8S+rrk48DQgP1A0Y9jwvvR3eh64S3R4ypaKnGb2dL9hFewK6SJwpKZApKu38yO1EPAkgRC6Z1k3HjrGVMoWCSxjm3ERDzHifdaFpaMgC0K10UmxIj/xIUewBnbxnsykLtB4EnsmMb9Pz3lj8z2sm6F+0UhHGCULITcR4fiIpRnS8D+0IBRzlwBDGlTBXUt5jinE0K+ZMfWe+7CKpnRads6J9UyqUS9MhsuSAHJJj4pBzUibXpEKqhJMX8kY+yZf1bL1a79bHbzRjTf/skz+wRj+rwJ6j</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="cscV+jCQnDmXYPKGeGk1Th2N7R0=">AAAB7nicbZDNTgIxFIU7+If4h7p000hMXJEZYtQliRuXmMhPAhNyp9yBhnY6th0TQngNXRl158P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGqeDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0ctozLNsMmUULoTgUHBE2xabgV2Uo0gI4HtaHwz99uPqA1Xyb2dpBhKGCY85gysG4UMZKooGgYCdL9c8av+QnQVghwqJFejX/7sDRTLJCaWCTCmG/ipDaegLWcCZ6VeZjAFNoYhdh0mINGE08XSM3oWK03tCOni/Ts7BWnMREYuI8GOzLI3H/7ndTMbX4dTnqSZxYS5iPPiTFCr6Lw7HXCNzIqJA2Cauy0pG4EGZt2FSq5+sFx2FVq1anBZ9e9qlfpFfogiOSGn5JwE5IrUyS1pkCZh5IE8kzfy7qXek/fivf5EC17+55j8kffxDYS0j5E=</latexit>

dominio
<latexit sha1_base64="sWpEaoP/woovoiLDde4T/JdQVLQ=">AAAB6HicbZDNTgIxFIXv4B/iH+rSTSMxcUVmiFGXJG5cYiI/CUxIp1yg0k4nbceETHgHXRl15/P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGieDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0cto1LNsMmUULoTUYOCx9i03ArsJBqpjAS2o8nN3G8/ojZcxfd2mmAo6SjmQ86odaP2QEkec9UvV/yqvxBZhSCHCuRq9MufvYFiqcTYMkGN6QZ+YsOMasuZwFmplxpMKJvQEXYdxlSiCbPFujNyNlSa2DGSxft3NqPSmKmMXEZSOzbL3nz4n9dN7fA6zHicpBZj5iLOG6aCWEXmrcmAa2RWTB1QprnbkrAx1ZRZd5uSqx8sl12FVq0aXFb9u1qlfpEfoggncArnEMAV1OEWGtAEBhN4hjd49x68J+/Fe/2JFrz8zzH8kffxDWvvjTk=</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

Interior y frontera. Sea U ✓ R2


<latexit sha1_base64="so+lDhweqa0JaC48lPAthaXGGAs=">AAACAHicbVDLTsJAFJ3iC/FVdWlMJoKJK9ISoy5J3LjER4GEVjIdbmHC9OHM1IQ0bPRndGXUnd/gD/g3DtiFgmd17j3nJvccP+FMKsv6MgoLi0vLK8XV0tr6xuaWub3TlHEqKDg05rFo+0QCZxE4iikO7UQACX0OLX94PtFb9yAki6MbNUrAC0k/YgGjROlV19y/BoIrjitTX4KCO+yGRA18P7sa39YqXbNsVa0p8Dyxc1JGORpd89PtxTQNIVKUEyk7tpUoLyNCMcphXHJTCQmhQ9KHjqYRCUF62TTGGB8GscBqAHg6//ZmJJRyFPraM3lPzmqT5X9aJ1XBmZexKEkVRFRbtBakHKsYT9rAPSaAKj7ShFDB9JeYDoggVOnOSjq+PRt2njRrVfukal3WyvXjvIgi2kMH6AjZ6BTV0QVqIAdR9Iie0Rt6Nx6MJ+PFeP2xFoz8Zhf9gfHxDbiylbk=</latexit>

U
<latexit sha1_base64="X3hMuLPXgTdnOCHWW334VVptyAY=">AAAB4nicbZDNTsJAFIVv8Q/xD3XpZiIxcUVaQ9QliRuXkFgggYZMh1uYMNM2M1MT0vACujLqzkfyBXwbB+xCwbP65p4zyT03TAXXxnW/nNLG5tb2Tnm3srd/cHhUPT7p6CRTDH2WiET1QqpR8Bh9w43AXqqQylBgN5zeLfzuIyrNk/jBzFIMJB3HPOKMGjtq+8Nqza27S5F18AqoQaHWsPo5GCUskxgbJqjWfc9NTZBTZTgTOK8MMo0pZVM6xr7FmErUQb5cdE4uokQRM0GyfP/O5lRqPZOhzUhqJnrVWwz/8/qZiW6DnMdpZjBmNmK9KBPEJGTRl4y4QmbEzAJlitstCZtQRZmxV6nY+t5q2XXoXNW967rbbtSajeIQZTiDc7gED26gCffQAh8YIDzDG7w7I+fJeXFef6Ilp/hzCn/kfHwDpG+KZQ==</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

frontera

( ]b
<latexit sha1_base64="BLb27uQevJyzJbSxs36DAYfN/+E=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfNYFCuuFV3KbYOXg4VyNUYlD/7w1ikIUYkFDem57kJ+RnXJIXCeamfGky4mPIx9ixGPETjZ8tF5+xiFGtGE2TL9+9sxkNjZmFgMyGniVn1FsP/vF5Ko1s/k1GSEkbCRqw3ShWjmC36sqHUKEjNLHChpd2SiQnXXJC9SsnW91bLrkP7qupdV91mrVKv5YcowhmcwyV4cAN1uIcGtEAAwjO8wbszdJ6cF+f1J1pw8j+n8EfOxze31Ypy</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

X
a
<latexit sha1_base64="8W36yc+2OodZrsMRimo6/8jxPWA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEdNPihX3Kq7FFsHL4cK5GoMyp/9YSzSECMSihvT89yE/IxrkkLhvNRPDSZcTPkYexYjHqLxs+Wic3YxijWjCbLl+3c246ExszCwmZDTxKx6i+F/Xi+l0a2fyShJCSNhI9YbpYpRzBZ92VBqFKRmFrjQ0m7JxIRrLshepWTre6tl16F9VfWuq26zVqnX8kMU4QzO4RI8uIE63EMDWiAA4Rne4N0ZOk/Oi/P6Ey04+Z9T+CPn4xu2V4px</latexit>

interior
I
<latexit sha1_base64="lQsDwnQGBtZrhvUDcr9fYsoRdBA=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIuoy4EZ3CZgHJEPo6dQkTXoedNcIIeQHdCXqzk/yB/wbO3EWmnhXp+vehroVpEoact0vp7C2vrG5Vdwu7ezu7R+UD49aJsm0wKZIVKI7ATeoZIxNkqSwk2rkUaCwHYxv5377EbWRSfxAkxT9iA9jGUrByY4a9/1yxa26C7FV8HKoQK56v/zZGyQiizAmobgxXc9NyZ9yTVIonJV6mcGUizEfYtdizCM0/nSx6IydhYlmNEK2eP/OTnlkzCQKbCbiNDLL3nz4n9fNKLzxpzJOM8JY2Ij1wkwxSti8LxtIjYLUxAIXWtotmRhxzQXZq5RsfW+57Cq0LqreVdVtXFZql/khinACp3AOHlxDDe6gDk0QgPAMb/DuDJwn58V5/YkWnPzPMfyR8/ENkoeKWQ==</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

n
f : U ✓ R ! R campo escalar
<latexit sha1_base64="eGwl5bPrrEs9prp6hIKygEe4FS8=">AAACEnicbVDJTgJBFOzBDXFDPXrpSEw84YwhajyRePGIRpaEQdLTvIEOPYvdbzRkwl/oz+jJqDd+wL+xQQ4I1qm6qjp5VV4shUbb/rYyS8srq2vZ9dzG5tb2Tn53r6ajRHGo8khGquExDVKEUEWBEhqxAhZ4Eupe/2rs1x9BaRGFdziIoRWwbih8wRkaqZ0/8S+rrk48DQgP1A0Y9jwvvR3eh64S3R4ypaKnGb2dL9hFewK6SJwpKZApKu38yO1EPAkgRC6Z1k3HjrGVMoWCSxjm3ERDzHifdaFpaMgC0K10UmxIj/xIUewBnbxnsykLtB4EnsmMb9Pz3lj8z2sm6F+0UhHGCULITcR4fiIpRnS8D+0IBRzlwBDGlTBXUt5jinE0K+ZMfWe+7CKpnRads6J9UyqUS9MhsuSAHJJj4pBzUibXpEKqhJMX8kY+yZf1bL1a79bHbzRjTf/skz+wRj+rwJ6j</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="cscV+jCQnDmXYPKGeGk1Th2N7R0=">AAAB7nicbZDNTgIxFIU7+If4h7p000hMXJEZYtQliRuXmMhPAhNyp9yBhnY6th0TQngNXRl158P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGqeDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0ctozLNsMmUULoTgUHBE2xabgV2Uo0gI4HtaHwz99uPqA1Xyb2dpBhKGCY85gysG4UMZKooGgYCdL9c8av+QnQVghwqJFejX/7sDRTLJCaWCTCmG/ipDaegLWcCZ6VeZjAFNoYhdh0mINGE08XSM3oWK03tCOni/Ts7BWnMREYuI8GOzLI3H/7ndTMbX4dTnqSZxYS5iPPiTFCr6Lw7HXCNzIqJA2Cauy0pG4EGZt2FSq5+sFx2FVq1anBZ9e9qlfpFfogiOSGn5JwE5IrUyS1pkCZh5IE8kzfy7qXek/fivf5EC17+55j8kffxDYS0j5E=</latexit>

dominio
<latexit sha1_base64="sWpEaoP/woovoiLDde4T/JdQVLQ=">AAAB6HicbZDNTgIxFIXv4B/iH+rSTSMxcUVmiFGXJG5cYiI/CUxIp1yg0k4nbceETHgHXRl15/P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGieDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0cto1LNsMmUULoTUYOCx9i03ArsJBqpjAS2o8nN3G8/ojZcxfd2mmAo6SjmQ86odaP2QEkec9UvV/yqvxBZhSCHCuRq9MufvYFiqcTYMkGN6QZ+YsOMasuZwFmplxpMKJvQEXYdxlSiCbPFujNyNlSa2DGSxft3NqPSmKmMXEZSOzbL3nz4n9dN7fA6zHicpBZj5iLOG6aCWEXmrcmAa2RWTB1QprnbkrAx1ZRZd5uSqx8sl12FVq0aXFb9u1qlfpEfoggncArnEMAV1OEWGtAEBhN4hjd49x68J+/Fe/2JFrz8zzH8kffxDWvvjTk=</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

Interior y frontera. Sea U ✓ R2


<latexit sha1_base64="so+lDhweqa0JaC48lPAthaXGGAs=">AAACAHicbVDLTsJAFJ3iC/FVdWlMJoKJK9ISoy5J3LjER4GEVjIdbmHC9OHM1IQ0bPRndGXUnd/gD/g3DtiFgmd17j3nJvccP+FMKsv6MgoLi0vLK8XV0tr6xuaWub3TlHEqKDg05rFo+0QCZxE4iikO7UQACX0OLX94PtFb9yAki6MbNUrAC0k/YgGjROlV19y/BoIrjitTX4KCO+yGRA18P7sa39YqXbNsVa0p8Dyxc1JGORpd89PtxTQNIVKUEyk7tpUoLyNCMcphXHJTCQmhQ9KHjqYRCUF62TTGGB8GscBqAHg6//ZmJJRyFPraM3lPzmqT5X9aJ1XBmZexKEkVRFRbtBakHKsYT9rAPSaAKj7ShFDB9JeYDoggVOnOSjq+PRt2njRrVfukal3WyvXjvIgi2kMH6AjZ6BTV0QVqIAdR9Iie0Rt6Nx6MJ+PFeP2xFoz8Zhf9gfHxDbiylbk=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="Z+JJM0Z08rlzwUc4qtExCqHaBCE=">AAACDnicbVDLTgIxFO34RHyNunTTCCb4COkQoy5J3LjEKI8EJpNOuUBD52HbMU4I/6A/oyuj7lz4A/6NBVkoeFbn3nNu2nP8WHClCfmy5uYXFpeWMyvZ1bX1jU17a7umokQyqLJIRLLhUwWCh1DVXAtoxBJo4Auo+/2LkV6/A6l4FN7oNAY3oN2Qdzij2qw8++gQXwNucwb4NgGcL9x75Dj1yEEeg8I81CB5JDHF+Wres3OkSMbAs8SZkByaoOLZn612xJIAQs0EVarpkFi7Ayo1ZwKG2VaiIKasT7vQNDSkASh3MA41xPsd867uAR7Pv70DGiiVBr7xBFT31LQ2Wv6nNRPdOXcHPIwTDSEzFqN1EoF1hEfdmBokMC1SQyiT3PwSsx6VlJkWVNbEd6bDzpJaqeicFslVKVc+mRSRQbtoDxWQg85QGV2iCqoihh7RM3pD79aD9WS9WK8/1jlrcrOD/sD6+Abpjpi7</latexit>

* Se dice que (x0 , y0 ) es interior a U


U
<latexit sha1_base64="X3hMuLPXgTdnOCHWW334VVptyAY=">AAAB4nicbZDNTsJAFIVv8Q/xD3XpZiIxcUVaQ9QliRuXkFgggYZMh1uYMNM2M1MT0vACujLqzkfyBXwbB+xCwbP65p4zyT03TAXXxnW/nNLG5tb2Tnm3srd/cHhUPT7p6CRTDH2WiET1QqpR8Bh9w43AXqqQylBgN5zeLfzuIyrNk/jBzFIMJB3HPOKMGjtq+8Nqza27S5F18AqoQaHWsPo5GCUskxgbJqjWfc9NTZBTZTgTOK8MMo0pZVM6xr7FmErUQb5cdE4uokQRM0GyfP/O5lRqPZOhzUhqJnrVWwz/8/qZiW6DnMdpZjBmNmK9KBPEJGTRl4y4QmbEzAJlitstCZtQRZmxV6nY+t5q2XXoXNW967rbbtSajeIQZTiDc7gED26gCffQAh8YIDzDG7w7I+fJeXFef6Ilp/hzCn/kfHwDpG+KZQ==</latexit>

interior si existe un entorno suyo


<latexit sha1_base64="V4dclxpPhfo57kpHRcKnuR2KdQs=">AAAB/HicbVBLTsMwFHT4lvILsEJsLCokVlVSIWBZiQ3LItGP1EaV4760Vh07sh1EFBUuAysE7DgFF+A2uCULaJnV+M342TNhwpk2nvflLC2vrK6tlzbKm1vbO7vu3n5Ly1RRaFLJpeqERANnApqGGQ6dRAGJQw7tcHw11dt3oDST4tZkCQQxGQoWMUqMHfXdQ80w3Nt3AKcCgzBSCYl1msm+W/Gq3gx4kfgFqaACjb772RtImsZ2CeVE667vJSbIiTKMcpiUe6mGhNAxGULXUkFi0EE+izDBJ5FU2IwAz86/vTmJtc7i0HpiYkZ6XpsO/9O6qYkug5yJJDUgqLVYLUo5NhJPm8ADpoAanllCqGL2l5iOiCLU2L7KNr4/H3aRtGpV/7zq3dQq9bOiiBI6QsfoFPnoAtXRNWqgJqLoET2jN/TuPDhPzovz+mNdcoo7B+gPnI9v7A2U1Q==</latexit>

(x0 , y0 ) 2 U
<latexit sha1_base64="9KQ7qVYn8p/27Td66/M7+RcoIfI=">AAAB73icbZDNSgMxFIUz/tb6V3XpJliEClIyUtRlwY3LCk5baMchk95pQzM/JhlxGPocuhJ157v4Ar6NaZ2Ftp7Vl3tO4J7rJ4IrTciXtbS8srq2Xtoob25t7+xW9vbbKk4lA4fFIpZdnyoQPAJHcy2gm0igoS+g44+vpn7nAaTicXSrswTckA4jHnBGtRnd1R49cpp55KTPI+x4lSqpk5nwItgFVFGhllf57A9iloYQaSaoUj2bJNrNqdScCZiU+6mChLIxHULPYERDUG4+23qCj4NYYj0CPHv/zuY0VCoLfZMJqR6peW86/M/rpTq4dHMeJamGiJmI8YJUYB3jaXk84BKYFpkByiQ3W2I2opIybU5UNvXt+bKL0D6r2+d1ctOoNhvFIUroEB2hGrLRBWqia9RCDmJIomf0ht6te+vJerFef6JLVvHnAP2R9fENZqmOxg==</latexit>

dentro de U
<latexit sha1_base64="+Hz/sw5MpWOxyM2IJS+CE+Tbb/U=">AAAB7nicbVDLTgJBEOzFF+IL9ehlIph4IrvEqEcSLx4xcYEENmR2thcmzD6cmTUhG35DT0a9+TH+gH/jgHtQsE7VXdWdrvZTwZW27S+rtLa+sblV3q7s7O7tH1QPjzoqySRDlyUikT2fKhQ8RldzLbCXSqSRL7DrT27mevcRpeJJfK+nKXoRHcU85Ixq0/ICjLVMSICk7taH1ZrdsBcgq8QpSA0KtIfVz0GQsCwyS5igSvUdO9VeTqXmTOCsMsgUppRN6Aj7hsY0QuXli6Nn5CxMJNFjJIv6tzenkVLTyDeeiOqxWtbmzf+0fqbDay/ncZppjJmxGC3MBNEJmWcnAZfItJgaQpnk5krCxlRSps2HKia+sxx2lXSaDeeyYd81a62L4hFlOIFTOAcHrqAFt9AGFxg8wDO8wbuVWk/Wi/X6Yy1Zxcwx/IH18Q1APo64</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

frontera

( ]b
<latexit sha1_base64="BLb27uQevJyzJbSxs36DAYfN/+E=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfNYFCuuFV3KbYOXg4VyNUYlD/7w1ikIUYkFDem57kJ+RnXJIXCeamfGky4mPIx9ixGPETjZ8tF5+xiFGtGE2TL9+9sxkNjZmFgMyGniVn1FsP/vF5Ko1s/k1GSEkbCRqw3ShWjmC36sqHUKEjNLHChpd2SiQnXXJC9SsnW91bLrkP7qupdV91mrVKv5YcowhmcwyV4cAN1uIcGtEAAwjO8wbszdJ6cF+f1J1pw8j+n8EfOxze31Ypy</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

X
a
<latexit sha1_base64="8W36yc+2OodZrsMRimo6/8jxPWA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEdNPihX3Kq7FFsHL4cK5GoMyp/9YSzSECMSihvT89yE/IxrkkLhvNRPDSZcTPkYexYjHqLxs+Wic3YxijWjCbLl+3c246ExszCwmZDTxKx6i+F/Xi+l0a2fyShJCSNhI9YbpYpRzBZ92VBqFKRmFrjQ0m7JxIRrLshepWTre6tl16F9VfWuq26zVqnX8kMU4QzO4RI8uIE63EMDWiAA4Rne4N0ZOk/Oi/P6Ey04+Z9T+CPn4xu2V4px</latexit>

interior
I
<latexit sha1_base64="lQsDwnQGBtZrhvUDcr9fYsoRdBA=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIuoy4EZ3CZgHJEPo6dQkTXoedNcIIeQHdCXqzk/yB/wbO3EWmnhXp+vehroVpEoact0vp7C2vrG5Vdwu7ezu7R+UD49aJsm0wKZIVKI7ATeoZIxNkqSwk2rkUaCwHYxv5377EbWRSfxAkxT9iA9jGUrByY4a9/1yxa26C7FV8HKoQK56v/zZGyQiizAmobgxXc9NyZ9yTVIonJV6mcGUizEfYtdizCM0/nSx6IydhYlmNEK2eP/OTnlkzCQKbCbiNDLL3nz4n9fNKLzxpzJOM8JY2Ij1wkwxSti8LxtIjYLUxAIXWtotmRhxzQXZq5RsfW+57Cq0LqreVdVtXFZql/khinACp3AOHlxDDe6gDk0QgPAMb/DuDJwn58V5/YkWnPzPMfyR8/ENkoeKWQ==</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

f : U ✓ Rn ! R campo escalar ”Puede haber infinitos puntos frontera”


<latexit sha1_base64="zh/o+E9DyEPHTAJQopao1qxOJGM=">AAACCnicbZC7TsMwGIUdrqXcAowsVisEU5VUCBgrsTAWiV6kNqoc909j1bEj20Gqqr4BvAxMCNgYeQHeBqdkgJaz+PN/jiWfP0w508bzvpyV1bX1jc3SVnl7Z3dv3z04bGuZKQotKrlU3ZBo4ExAyzDDoZsqIEnIoROOr3O/cw9KMynuzCSFICEjwSJGibGjgXtaaWYwBByTEBRmImKCGalxmon8iJQUBhSpDNyqV/PmwsvgF1BFhZoD97M/lDRLQBjKidY930tNMCXKMMphVu5nGlJCx2QEPYuCJKCD6bzQDJ9EUmETA57ff2enJNF6koQ2kxAT60UvH/7n9TITXQVTJtLMgKA2Yr0o49hInO8FD5kCavjEAqGK2V9iGhNFqK2vy7a+v1h2Gdr1mn9R827r1cZ5sYgSOkYVdIZ8dIka6AY1UQtR9Iie0Rt6dx6cJ+fFef2JrjjFmyP0R87HN/ENmlE=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="eGwl5bPrrEs9prp6hIKygEe4FS8=">AAACEnicbVDJTgJBFOzBDXFDPXrpSEw84YwhajyRePGIRpaEQdLTvIEOPYvdbzRkwl/oz+jJqDd+wL+xQQ4I1qm6qjp5VV4shUbb/rYyS8srq2vZ9dzG5tb2Tn53r6ajRHGo8khGquExDVKEUEWBEhqxAhZ4Eupe/2rs1x9BaRGFdziIoRWwbih8wRkaqZ0/8S+rrk48DQgP1A0Y9jwvvR3eh64S3R4ypaKnGb2dL9hFewK6SJwpKZApKu38yO1EPAkgRC6Z1k3HjrGVMoWCSxjm3ERDzHifdaFpaMgC0K10UmxIj/xIUewBnbxnsykLtB4EnsmMb9Pz3lj8z2sm6F+0UhHGCULITcR4fiIpRnS8D+0IBRzlwBDGlTBXUt5jinE0K+ZMfWe+7CKpnRads6J9UyqUS9MhsuSAHJJj4pBzUibXpEKqhJMX8kY+yZf1bL1a79bHbzRjTf/skz+wRj+rwJ6j</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="cscV+jCQnDmXYPKGeGk1Th2N7R0=">AAAB7nicbZDNTgIxFIU7+If4h7p000hMXJEZYtQliRuXmMhPAhNyp9yBhnY6th0TQngNXRl158P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGqeDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0ctozLNsMmUULoTgUHBE2xabgV2Uo0gI4HtaHwz99uPqA1Xyb2dpBhKGCY85gysG4UMZKooGgYCdL9c8av+QnQVghwqJFejX/7sDRTLJCaWCTCmG/ipDaegLWcCZ6VeZjAFNoYhdh0mINGE08XSM3oWK03tCOni/Ts7BWnMREYuI8GOzLI3H/7ndTMbX4dTnqSZxYS5iPPiTFCr6Lw7HXCNzIqJA2Cauy0pG4EGZt2FSq5+sFx2FVq1anBZ9e9qlfpFfogiOSGn5JwE5IrUyS1pkCZh5IE8kzfy7qXek/fivf5EC17+55j8kffxDYS0j5E=</latexit>

dominio
<latexit sha1_base64="sWpEaoP/woovoiLDde4T/JdQVLQ=">AAAB6HicbZDNTgIxFIXv4B/iH+rSTSMxcUVmiFGXJG5cYiI/CUxIp1yg0k4nbceETHgHXRl15/P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGieDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0cto1LNsMmUULoTUYOCx9i03ArsJBqpjAS2o8nN3G8/ojZcxfd2mmAo6SjmQ86odaP2QEkec9UvV/yqvxBZhSCHCuRq9MufvYFiqcTYMkGN6QZ+YsOMasuZwFmplxpMKJvQEXYdxlSiCbPFujNyNlSa2DGSxft3NqPSmKmMXEZSOzbL3nz4n9dN7fA6zHicpBZj5iLOG6aCWEXmrcmAa2RWTB1QprnbkrAx1ZRZd5uSqx8sl12FVq0aXFb9u1qlfpEfoggncArnEMAV1OEWGtAEBhN4hjd49x68J+/Fe/2JFrz8zzH8kffxDWvvjTk=</latexit>

frontera
Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

Interior y frontera. Sea U ✓ R2


<latexit sha1_base64="so+lDhweqa0JaC48lPAthaXGGAs=">AAACAHicbVDLTsJAFJ3iC/FVdWlMJoKJK9ISoy5J3LjER4GEVjIdbmHC9OHM1IQ0bPRndGXUnd/gD/g3DtiFgmd17j3nJvccP+FMKsv6MgoLi0vLK8XV0tr6xuaWub3TlHEqKDg05rFo+0QCZxE4iikO7UQACX0OLX94PtFb9yAki6MbNUrAC0k/YgGjROlV19y/BoIrjitTX4KCO+yGRA18P7sa39YqXbNsVa0p8Dyxc1JGORpd89PtxTQNIVKUEyk7tpUoLyNCMcphXHJTCQmhQ9KHjqYRCUF62TTGGB8GscBqAHg6//ZmJJRyFPraM3lPzmqT5X9aJ1XBmZexKEkVRFRbtBakHKsYT9rAPSaAKj7ShFDB9JeYDoggVOnOSjq+PRt2njRrVfukal3WyvXjvIgi2kMH6AjZ6BTV0QVqIAdR9Iie0Rt6Nx6MJ+PFeP2xFoz8Zhf9gfHxDbiylbk=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="Z+JJM0Z08rlzwUc4qtExCqHaBCE=">AAACDnicbVDLTgIxFO34RHyNunTTCCb4COkQoy5J3LjEKI8EJpNOuUBD52HbMU4I/6A/oyuj7lz4A/6NBVkoeFbn3nNu2nP8WHClCfmy5uYXFpeWMyvZ1bX1jU17a7umokQyqLJIRLLhUwWCh1DVXAtoxBJo4Auo+/2LkV6/A6l4FN7oNAY3oN2Qdzij2qw8++gQXwNucwb4NgGcL9x75Dj1yEEeg8I81CB5JDHF+Wres3OkSMbAs8SZkByaoOLZn612xJIAQs0EVarpkFi7Ayo1ZwKG2VaiIKasT7vQNDSkASh3MA41xPsd867uAR7Pv70DGiiVBr7xBFT31LQ2Wv6nNRPdOXcHPIwTDSEzFqN1EoF1hEfdmBokMC1SQyiT3PwSsx6VlJkWVNbEd6bDzpJaqeicFslVKVc+mRSRQbtoDxWQg85QGV2iCqoihh7RM3pD79aD9WS9WK8/1jlrcrOD/sD6+Abpjpi7</latexit>

* Se dice que (x0 , y0 ) es interior a U


U
<latexit sha1_base64="X3hMuLPXgTdnOCHWW334VVptyAY=">AAAB4nicbZDNTsJAFIVv8Q/xD3XpZiIxcUVaQ9QliRuXkFgggYZMh1uYMNM2M1MT0vACujLqzkfyBXwbB+xCwbP65p4zyT03TAXXxnW/nNLG5tb2Tnm3srd/cHhUPT7p6CRTDH2WiET1QqpR8Bh9w43AXqqQylBgN5zeLfzuIyrNk/jBzFIMJB3HPOKMGjtq+8Nqza27S5F18AqoQaHWsPo5GCUskxgbJqjWfc9NTZBTZTgTOK8MMo0pZVM6xr7FmErUQb5cdE4uokQRM0GyfP/O5lRqPZOhzUhqJnrVWwz/8/qZiW6DnMdpZjBmNmK9KBPEJGTRl4y4QmbEzAJlitstCZtQRZmxV6nY+t5q2XXoXNW967rbbtSajeIQZTiDc7gED26gCffQAh8YIDzDG7w7I+fJeXFef6Ilp/hzCn/kfHwDpG+KZQ==</latexit>

interior si existe un entorno suyo


<latexit sha1_base64="V4dclxpPhfo57kpHRcKnuR2KdQs=">AAAB/HicbVBLTsMwFHT4lvILsEJsLCokVlVSIWBZiQ3LItGP1EaV4760Vh07sh1EFBUuAysE7DgFF+A2uCULaJnV+M342TNhwpk2nvflLC2vrK6tlzbKm1vbO7vu3n5Ly1RRaFLJpeqERANnApqGGQ6dRAGJQw7tcHw11dt3oDST4tZkCQQxGQoWMUqMHfXdQ80w3Nt3AKcCgzBSCYl1msm+W/Gq3gx4kfgFqaACjb772RtImsZ2CeVE667vJSbIiTKMcpiUe6mGhNAxGULXUkFi0EE+izDBJ5FU2IwAz86/vTmJtc7i0HpiYkZ6XpsO/9O6qYkug5yJJDUgqLVYLUo5NhJPm8ADpoAanllCqGL2l5iOiCLU2L7KNr4/H3aRtGpV/7zq3dQq9bOiiBI6QsfoFPnoAtXRNWqgJqLoET2jN/TuPDhPzovz+mNdcoo7B+gPnI9v7A2U1Q==</latexit>

(x0 , y0 ) 2 U
<latexit sha1_base64="9KQ7qVYn8p/27Td66/M7+RcoIfI=">AAAB73icbZDNSgMxFIUz/tb6V3XpJliEClIyUtRlwY3LCk5baMchk95pQzM/JhlxGPocuhJ157v4Ar6NaZ2Ftp7Vl3tO4J7rJ4IrTciXtbS8srq2Xtoob25t7+xW9vbbKk4lA4fFIpZdnyoQPAJHcy2gm0igoS+g44+vpn7nAaTicXSrswTckA4jHnBGtRnd1R49cpp55KTPI+x4lSqpk5nwItgFVFGhllf57A9iloYQaSaoUj2bJNrNqdScCZiU+6mChLIxHULPYERDUG4+23qCj4NYYj0CPHv/zuY0VCoLfZMJqR6peW86/M/rpTq4dHMeJamGiJmI8YJUYB3jaXk84BKYFpkByiQ3W2I2opIybU5UNvXt+bKL0D6r2+d1ctOoNhvFIUroEB2hGrLRBWqia9RCDmJIomf0ht6te+vJerFef6JLVvHnAP2R9fENZqmOxg==</latexit>

dentro de U
<latexit sha1_base64="+Hz/sw5MpWOxyM2IJS+CE+Tbb/U=">AAAB7nicbVDLTgJBEOzFF+IL9ehlIph4IrvEqEcSLx4xcYEENmR2thcmzD6cmTUhG35DT0a9+TH+gH/jgHtQsE7VXdWdrvZTwZW27S+rtLa+sblV3q7s7O7tH1QPjzoqySRDlyUikT2fKhQ8RldzLbCXSqSRL7DrT27mevcRpeJJfK+nKXoRHcU85Ixq0/ICjLVMSICk7taH1ZrdsBcgq8QpSA0KtIfVz0GQsCwyS5igSvUdO9VeTqXmTOCsMsgUppRN6Aj7hsY0QuXli6Nn5CxMJNFjJIv6tzenkVLTyDeeiOqxWtbmzf+0fqbDay/ncZppjJmxGC3MBNEJmWcnAZfItJgaQpnk5krCxlRSps2HKia+sxx2lXSaDeeyYd81a62L4hFlOIFTOAcHrqAFt9AGFxg8wDO8wbuVWk/Wi/X6Yy1Zxcwx/IH18Q1APo64</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="NtMkjp4lR+uPbWxqLMzSQNrLSME=">AAACD3icbVDLTsJAFJ3iC/FVdelmIpigIaQlRl2SuHGJUR4JkGY63MKE6bTOTI2k4SP0Z3Rl1J2JP+DfOCALRc/q3HvOTe45fsyZ0o7zaWUWFpeWV7KrubX1jc0te3unoaJEUqjTiEey5RMFnAmoa6Y5tGIJJPQ5NP3h+URv3oJULBLXehRDNyR9wQJGiTYrzy4d4SvAPUYB3ySAC8U7zymNPOewgEHhQEZCgyS4Z6R6wbPzTtmZAv8l7ozk0Qw1z/7o9CKahCA05USptuvEupsSqRnlMM51EgUxoUPSh7ahgoSguuk01RgfBJHEegB4Ov/0piRUahT6xhMSPVDz2mT5n9ZOdHDWTZmIEw2CGovRgoRjHeFJOaYHCVTzkSGESma+xHRAJKGmBJUz8d35sH9Jo1J2T8rOZSVfPZ4VkUV7aB8VkYtOURVdoBqqI4oe0BN6RW/WvfVoPVsv39aMNbvZRb9gvX8BpzSZIg==</latexit>

* Se dice que (x0 , y0 ) es frontera de U


si todo entorno suyo
<latexit sha1_base64="dfw8GmEtQtl73Wj95Pjdfgq8GmA=">AAAB93icbVDLTsMwENzwLOVVHjcuFhUSpyqpEHCsxIVjkehDaqPKcTetVSeObAcpRP0WOCHgxn/wA/wNbskBWuY03hmvdiZIBNfGdb+cldW19Y3N0lZ5e2d3b79ycNjWMlUMW0wKqboB1Sh4jC3DjcBuopBGgcBOMLmZ6Z0HVJrL+N5kCfoRHcU85IwaOxpUjjUnRg4lwdhIFUui00wOKlW35s5BlolXkCoUaA4qn/2hZGlklzBBte55bmL8nCrDmcBpuZ9qTCib0BH2LI1phNrP59dPyVkoFTFjJPP3b29OI62zKLCeiJqxXtRmw/+0XmrCaz/ncZIajJm1WC1MhU1KZiWQIVfIjMgsoUxxeyVhY6ooM7aqso3vLYZdJu16zbusuXf1auOiKKIEJ3AK5+DBFTTgFprQAgaP8Axv8O5kzpPz4rz+WFec4s8R/IHz8Q094ZLE</latexit>

frontera
contiene puntos de U y fuera de U
<latexit sha1_base64="lv5TBj1VII4n2ii6rPqZvgyovV8=">AAACCHicbVDLTsMwEHTKq5RXgCMXi4LEqUoqBByRuHAsEn1IJaocd0MtHDuyN0hVxA/Az8AJATfO/AB/g1tyAMqcZndmpZ2JMyksBsGnV5mbX1hcqi7XVlbX1jf8za2O1bnh0OZaatOLmQUpFLRRoIReZoClsYRufHM20bu3YKzQ6hLHGUQpu1YiEZyhWw38fa4VClBAs1yhtnQIdK+9R8c0ycGwchz49aARTEFnSViSOinRGvgfV0PN8xQUcsms7YdBhlHBDAou4a52lVvIGL9h19B3VLEUbFRM49zR/UQbiiOg0/mnt2CpteM0dp6U4cj+1SbL/7R+jslJVAiV5QiKO4vTklxS1HTSCh0KAxzl2BHGjXBfUj5ihnF03dVc/PBv2FnSaTbCo0Zw0ayfHpZFVMkO2SUHJCTH5JSckxZpE04eyBN5JW/evffoPXsv39aKV95sk1/w3r8A/SOX3Q==</latexit>

( ]b
<latexit sha1_base64="BLb27uQevJyzJbSxs36DAYfN/+E=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfNYFCuuFV3KbYOXg4VyNUYlD/7w1ikIUYkFDem57kJ+RnXJIXCeamfGky4mPIx9ixGPETjZ8tF5+xiFGtGE2TL9+9sxkNjZmFgMyGniVn1FsP/vF5Ko1s/k1GSEkbCRqw3ShWjmC36sqHUKEjNLHChpd2SiQnXXJC9SsnW91bLrkP7qupdV91mrVKv5YcowhmcwyV4cAN1uIcGtEAAwjO8wbszdJ6cF+f1J1pw8j+n8EfOxze31Ypy</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

X
No tiene que estar en U
<latexit sha1_base64="2InNK2LgoncsqD4zKjmecphhhbg=">AAAB/HicbVDLTgJBEJzFF+IL9WS8TAQTT2SXGPVI4sWTwcQFEtiQ2aGBCbOz60yvCSHoz+jJqDe/wh/wbxyQg4J1qu6qTroqTKQw6LpfTmZpeWV1Lbue29jc2t7J7+7VTJxqDj6PZawbITMghQIfBUpoJBpYFEqoh4PLiV6/B21ErG5xmEAQsZ4SXcEZ2lU7f3AdUxSggN6lQMEg0xQULfrFdr7gltwp6CLxZqRAZqi285+tTszTCBRyyYxpem6CwYhpFFzCONdKDSSMD1gPmpYqFoEJRtMIY3rcjTXFPtDp/Ns7YpExwyi0nohh38xrk+V/WjPF7kUwEipJERS3Fqt1U0nRJrZN0I7QwFEOLWFcC/sl5X2mGUfbV87G9+bDLpJaueSdldybcqFyOisiSw7JETkhHjknFXJFqsQnnDySZ/JG3p0H58l5cV5/rBlndrNP/sD5+AbgTpN7</latexit>

a
<latexit sha1_base64="8W36yc+2OodZrsMRimo6/8jxPWA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEdNPihX3Kq7FFsHL4cK5GoMyp/9YSzSECMSihvT89yE/IxrkkLhvNRPDSZcTPkYexYjHqLxs+Wic3YxijWjCbLl+3c246ExszCwmZDTxKx6i+F/Xi+l0a2fyShJCSNhI9YbpYpRzBZ92VBqFKRmFrjQ0m7JxIRrLshepWTre6tl16F9VfWuq26zVqnX8kMU4QzO4RI8uIE63EMDWiAA4Rne4N0ZOk/Oi/P6Ey04+Z9T+CPn4xu2V4px</latexit>

interior
I
<latexit sha1_base64="lQsDwnQGBtZrhvUDcr9fYsoRdBA=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIuoy4EZ3CZgHJEPo6dQkTXoedNcIIeQHdCXqzk/yB/wbO3EWmnhXp+vehroVpEoact0vp7C2vrG5Vdwu7ezu7R+UD49aJsm0wKZIVKI7ATeoZIxNkqSwk2rkUaCwHYxv5377EbWRSfxAkxT9iA9jGUrByY4a9/1yxa26C7FV8HKoQK56v/zZGyQiizAmobgxXc9NyZ9yTVIonJV6mcGUizEfYtdizCM0/nSx6IydhYlmNEK2eP/OTnlkzCQKbCbiNDLL3nz4n9fNKLzxpzJOM8JY2Ij1wkwxSti8LxtIjYLUxAIXWtotmRhxzQXZq5RsfW+57Cq0LqreVdVtXFZql/khinACp3AOHlxDDe6gDk0QgPAMb/DuDJwn58V5/YkWnPzPMfyR8/ENkoeKWQ==</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

n
f : U ✓ R ! R campo escalar
<latexit sha1_base64="eGwl5bPrrEs9prp6hIKygEe4FS8=">AAACEnicbVDJTgJBFOzBDXFDPXrpSEw84YwhajyRePGIRpaEQdLTvIEOPYvdbzRkwl/oz+jJqDd+wL+xQQ4I1qm6qjp5VV4shUbb/rYyS8srq2vZ9dzG5tb2Tn53r6ajRHGo8khGquExDVKEUEWBEhqxAhZ4Eupe/2rs1x9BaRGFdziIoRWwbih8wRkaqZ0/8S+rrk48DQgP1A0Y9jwvvR3eh64S3R4ypaKnGb2dL9hFewK6SJwpKZApKu38yO1EPAkgRC6Z1k3HjrGVMoWCSxjm3ERDzHifdaFpaMgC0K10UmxIj/xIUewBnbxnsykLtB4EnsmMb9Pz3lj8z2sm6F+0UhHGCULITcR4fiIpRnS8D+0IBRzlwBDGlTBXUt5jinE0K+ZMfWe+7CKpnRads6J9UyqUS9MhsuSAHJJj4pBzUibXpEKqhJMX8kY+yZf1bL1a79bHbzRjTf/skz+wRj+rwJ6j</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="cscV+jCQnDmXYPKGeGk1Th2N7R0=">AAAB7nicbZDNTgIxFIU7+If4h7p000hMXJEZYtQliRuXmMhPAhNyp9yBhnY6th0TQngNXRl158P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGqeDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0ctozLNsMmUULoTgUHBE2xabgV2Uo0gI4HtaHwz99uPqA1Xyb2dpBhKGCY85gysG4UMZKooGgYCdL9c8av+QnQVghwqJFejX/7sDRTLJCaWCTCmG/ipDaegLWcCZ6VeZjAFNoYhdh0mINGE08XSM3oWK03tCOni/Ts7BWnMREYuI8GOzLI3H/7ndTMbX4dTnqSZxYS5iPPiTFCr6Lw7HXCNzIqJA2Cauy0pG4EGZt2FSq5+sFx2FVq1anBZ9e9qlfpFfogiOSGn5JwE5IrUyS1pkCZh5IE8kzfy7qXek/fivf5EC17+55j8kffxDYS0j5E=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="vhBXuHMsP/bAfUoS2Qb5yET412k=">AAAB+3icbVDLSgNBEJz1GeMr6kXwMhiEeAm7QdRjwIveIpgHJEvonXSSIbM7y8xsICzxZ/Qk6s2/8Af8GydxD5pYp+quauiqIBZcG9f9clZW19Y3NnNb+e2d3b39wsFhQ8tEMawzKaRqBaBR8AjrhhuBrVghhIHAZjC6menNMSrNZfRgJjH6IQwi3ucMjF11C8d3kUE1BiEpBByVkbQEgZHn3ULRLbtz0GXiZaRIMtS6hc9OT7IkxMgwAVq3PTc2fgrKcCZwmu8kGmNgIxhg29IIQtR+Ok8wpWd9qagZIp3Pv70phFpPwsB6QjBDvajNlv9p7cT0r/2UR3FiMGLWYrV+IqhNOCuC9rhCZsTEEmCK2y8pG4ICZvvQeRvfWwy7TBqVsndZdu8rxepFVkSOnJBTUiIeuSJVcktqpE4YeSTP5I28O1PnyXlxXn+sK052c0T+wPn4BoGhk/Y=</latexit>

Intervalo abierto (abto)


(a, b), (a, +1), ( 1, b)
<latexit sha1_base64="JxGCFGWnlghN6Y2IwPH5BkYUxtM=">AAACAnicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdenCwSJUrCWRoi4LblxWsA9oQ5lMJ+3QyYOZGyGE7vRndCXqzk/wB/wbJ20W2no2c+4958Kc40aCK7Csb2NpeWV1bb2wUdzc2t7ZNff2WyqMJWVNGopQdlyimOABawIHwTqRZMR3BWu745tMbz8wqXgY3EMSMccnw4B7nBLQq755VCYV97SC9XPW44EHSTacz6hW+mbJqlpT4EVi56SEcjT65ldvENLYZwFQQZTq2lYETkokcCrYpNiLFYsIHZMh62oaEJ8pJ50GmeATL5QYRgxP59/elPhKJb6rPT6BkZrXsuV/WjcG79pJeRDFwAKqLVrzYoEhxFkfeMAloyASTQiVXP8S0xGRhIJurajj2/NhF0nrompfVq27Wqley4sooEN0jMrIRleojm5RAzURRU/oBb2jD+PReDZejbeZdcnIbw7QHxifP9X3lGY=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="fX2tbV78CBZLmCItYZuNWYjPJ0M=">AAAB+nicbVDLTsMwEHR4lvIKcODAxaJCKpcqqRBwrMQFbkWiD6mNKsfZtlYdO7KdSlXoz8AJATc+gx/gb3BLDtAyp9mdWWlnwoQzbTzvy1lZXVvf2CxsFbd3dvf23YPDppapotCgkkvVDokGzgQ0DDMc2okCEoccWuHoZqa3xqA0k+LBTBIIYjIQrM8oMXbVc4/vhAE1JlxiCkqRSOIyjeR5zy15FW8OvEz8nJRQjnrP/exGkqYxCEM50brje4kJMqIMoxymxW6qISF0RAbQsVSQGHSQzQNM8VlfKmyGgOfzb29GYq0ncWg9MTFDvajNlv9pndT0r4OMiSQ1IKi1WK2fcmwknvWAI6aAGj6xhFDF7JeYDoki1Nahiza+vxh2mTSrFf+y4t1XS7WLvIgCOkGnqIx8dIVq6BbVUQNRNEXP6A29O4/Ok/PivP5YV5z85gj9gfPxDaPCk3Y=</latexit>

Intervalo cerrado (cdo)


[a, b], [a, +1), ( 1, b]
<latexit sha1_base64="LblIsw9EuZjWpmSEkk/9nUgXShU=">AAACAXicbZDLSgMxGIUzXmu9jboUJFiEirXMSFGXBTcuK9gLTIeSSTNtaOZC8o8wDF3py+hK1J2v4Av4NqbtLLT1bPLlPyeQ83ux4Aos69tYWl5ZXVsvbBQ3t7Z3ds29/ZaKEklZk0Yikh2PKCZ4yJrAQbBOLBkJPMHa3uhm4rcfmFQ8Cu8hjZkbkEHIfU4J6FHPPHJIxXMrWB9nXR76kJ5Wyucz0kbPLFlVayq8CHYOJZSr0TO/uv2IJgELgQqilGNbMbgZkcCpYONiN1EsJnREBszRGJKAKTeb9hjjEz+SGIYMT++/sxkJlEoDT2cCAkM1702G/3lOAv61m/EwToCFVEe05ycCQ4Qn68B9LhkFkWogVHL9S0yHRBIKemlFXd+eL7sIrYuqfVm17mqlei1fRAEdomNURja6QnV0ixqoiSh6Qi/oHX0Yj8az8Wq8zaJLRv7mAP2R8fkDvQmVCg==</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

n
f : U ✓ R ! R campo escalar
<latexit sha1_base64="eGwl5bPrrEs9prp6hIKygEe4FS8=">AAACEnicbVDJTgJBFOzBDXFDPXrpSEw84YwhajyRePGIRpaEQdLTvIEOPYvdbzRkwl/oz+jJqDd+wL+xQQ4I1qm6qjp5VV4shUbb/rYyS8srq2vZ9dzG5tb2Tn53r6ajRHGo8khGquExDVKEUEWBEhqxAhZ4Eupe/2rs1x9BaRGFdziIoRWwbih8wRkaqZ0/8S+rrk48DQgP1A0Y9jwvvR3eh64S3R4ypaKnGb2dL9hFewK6SJwpKZApKu38yO1EPAkgRC6Z1k3HjrGVMoWCSxjm3ERDzHifdaFpaMgC0K10UmxIj/xIUewBnbxnsykLtB4EnsmMb9Pz3lj8z2sm6F+0UhHGCULITcR4fiIpRnS8D+0IBRzlwBDGlTBXUt5jinE0K+ZMfWe+7CKpnRads6J9UyqUS9MhsuSAHJJj4pBzUibXpEKqhJMX8kY+yZf1bL1a79bHbzRjTf/skz+wRj+rwJ6j</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="cscV+jCQnDmXYPKGeGk1Th2N7R0=">AAAB7nicbZDNTgIxFIU7+If4h7p000hMXJEZYtQliRuXmMhPAhNyp9yBhnY6th0TQngNXRl158P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGqeDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0ctozLNsMmUULoTgUHBE2xabgV2Uo0gI4HtaHwz99uPqA1Xyb2dpBhKGCY85gysG4UMZKooGgYCdL9c8av+QnQVghwqJFejX/7sDRTLJCaWCTCmG/ipDaegLWcCZ6VeZjAFNoYhdh0mINGE08XSM3oWK03tCOni/Ts7BWnMREYuI8GOzLI3H/7ndTMbX4dTnqSZxYS5iPPiTFCr6Lw7HXCNzIqJA2Cauy0pG4EGZt2FSq5+sFx2FVq1anBZ9e9qlfpFfogiOSGn5JwE5IrUyS1pkCZh5IE8kzfy7qXek/fivf5EC17+55j8kffxDYS0j5E=</latexit>

Abierto, cerrado. Sea U ✓ R2


<latexit sha1_base64="so+lDhweqa0JaC48lPAthaXGGAs=">AAACAHicbVDLTsJAFJ3iC/FVdWlMJoKJK9ISoy5J3LjER4GEVjIdbmHC9OHM1IQ0bPRndGXUnd/gD/g3DtiFgmd17j3nJvccP+FMKsv6MgoLi0vLK8XV0tr6xuaWub3TlHEqKDg05rFo+0QCZxE4iikO7UQACX0OLX94PtFb9yAki6MbNUrAC0k/YgGjROlV19y/BoIrjitTX4KCO+yGRA18P7sa39YqXbNsVa0p8Dyxc1JGORpd89PtxTQNIVKUEyk7tpUoLyNCMcphXHJTCQmhQ9KHjqYRCUF62TTGGB8GscBqAHg6//ZmJJRyFPraM3lPzmqT5X9aJ1XBmZexKEkVRFRbtBakHKsYT9rAPSaAKj7ShFDB9JeYDoggVOnOSjq+PRt2njRrVfukal3WyvXjvIgi2kMH6AjZ6BTV0QVqIAdR9Iie0Rt6Nx6MJ+PFeP2xFoz8Zhf9gfHxDbiylbk=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="iTk36FOqhGvkiLGzHNnkGucb2H8=">AAAB/3icbVDLTgJBEOzFF+Jr1aMeJoKJ8UB2iVGPJF48YnSBBDZkdmhgwuzDmVkTQjjoz+jJqDf/wR/wbxxwD4rWqbqrOumqIBFcacf5tHILi0vLK/nVwtr6xuaWvb1TV3EqGXosFrFsBlSh4BF6mmuBzUQiDQOBjWB4MdUbdygVj6MbPUrQD2k/4j3OqDarjr1/TK6RdDlDcpsiKXklgorQQMdE8Y5ddMrODOQvcTNShAy1jv3R7sYsDTHSTFClWq6TaH9MpeZM4KTQThUmlA1pH1uGRjRE5Y9nKSbksBdLogdIZvNP75iGSo3CwHhCqgdqXpsu/9Naqe6d+2MeJanGiBmL0XqpICbdtAyTWyLTYmQIZZKbLwkbUEmZNpUVTHx3PuxfUq+U3dOyc1UpVk+yIvKwBwdwBC6cQRUuoQYeMHiAJ3iFN+veerSerZdva87KbnbhF6z3L8bqk+Y=</latexit>

* Se dice que U es abto si


sus puntos frontera no están en U
<latexit sha1_base64="TopPPiD6ntbuaZjjCkxxBtLapD8=">AAACKXicbVDLSgMxFL1T3/VVdekm2AquykwRdSm4calgVWhLycQ7NphJhiQjlNIv0k9xoytfG/FHvFO70OqFJOc1MPfEmZLOh+FLUJqanpmdm18oLy4tr6xW1tbPncmtwKYwytjLmDtUUmPTS6/wMrPI01jhRXxzVPgXt2idNPrM9zPspPxay0QK7kkylSo4yOkwyOjV4MGMWAKWUMGRECdFE2fEHGkfxApc3DVoQq1bqYb1cDTsL4jGoArjOelWHtpXRuQpai8Ud64VhZnvDLj1Uigcltu5w4yLG36NLYKap+g6g9G+Q7adGMt8D9mI/8wOeOpcP40pk3Lfc5NeIf7ntXKfHHQGUme5Ry0oQl6SK+YNK2pjV9Ki8KpPgAsr6S+Z6HHLhadyy7R+NLnsX3DeqEd79fC0UT3cHRcxD5uwBTsQwT4cwjGcUJkC7uEJ3uA9uAseg+fg9TtaCsbfbMCvCT6/ANLmmes=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="lnnV2reG66aE0a6G18QqSq2OcO8=">AAAB/nicbVDLTsJAFJ36RHxVXbKZCCbGBWmJUZckblxitEACDZkOtzBh2qkzUxPSkOjP6MqoOz/CH/BvHLALBc/q3HvOTe45QcKZ0o7zZS0tr6yurRc2iptb2zu79t5+U4lUUvCo4EK2A6KAsxg8zTSHdiKBRAGHVjC6nOqte5CKifhWjxPwIzKIWcgo0WbVs0sn+AZwn1HAdyngilfBoDDtC6xYzy47VWcGvEjcnJRRjkbP/uz2BU0jiDXlRKmO6yTaz4jUjHKYFLupgoTQERlAx9CYRKD8bBZigo9CIbEeAp7Nv70ZiZQaR4HxREQP1bw2Xf6ndVIdXvgZi5NUQ0yNxWhhyrEWeNqFiS2Baj42hFDJzJeYDokkVJvGiia+Ox92kTRrVfes6lzXyvXTvIgCKqFDdIxcdI7q6Ao1kIcoekTP6A29Ww/Wk/Vivf5Yl6z85gD9gfXxDfISk2w=</latexit>

* Se dice que U es cdo si


sus puntos frontera están en U
<latexit sha1_base64="2ikM4c4+D868dXRQYykuRgpBmgA=">AAACI3icbZBNS8NAEIYnflu/qh69LFbBU0mKqEfBi0cFq0ItstlO2qWbbNidCKX4c/TP6ElU8ODBf+Kk9uDXwO4+884byLxxbrSnMHwLJianpmdm5+YrC4tLyyvV1bVzbwunsKmsse4ylh6NzrBJmgxe5g5lGhu8iPtH5fziBp3XNjujQY7tVHYznWgliSVbFeCh4CMg5zcDAjvqEnBMZY9MkhVkneCDtZLLewuasHVdrYX1cFTiL0RjqMG4Tq6rj1cdq4oUM1JGet+KwpzaQ+lIK4O3lavCYy5VX3axxZjJFH17ONr0Vmwn1gnqoRj1371DmXo/SGP2pJJ6/vesFP+btQpKDtpDneUFYabYwrOkMIKsKAMTHe1QkRkwSOU0/6VQPemkIo61wutHv5f9C+eNerRXD08btcPdcRBzsAGbsAMR7MMhHMMJh6ngHh7hBV6Du+AheAqev6wTwfibdfhRwfsnNQKYtQ==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="vhBXuHMsP/bAfUoS2Qb5yET412k=">AAAB+3icbVDLSgNBEJz1GeMr6kXwMhiEeAm7QdRjwIveIpgHJEvonXSSIbM7y8xsICzxZ/Qk6s2/8Af8GydxD5pYp+quauiqIBZcG9f9clZW19Y3NnNb+e2d3b39wsFhQ8tEMawzKaRqBaBR8AjrhhuBrVghhIHAZjC6menNMSrNZfRgJjH6IQwi3ucMjF11C8d3kUE1BiEpBByVkbQEgZHn3ULRLbtz0GXiZaRIMtS6hc9OT7IkxMgwAVq3PTc2fgrKcCZwmu8kGmNgIxhg29IIQtR+Ok8wpWd9qagZIp3Pv70phFpPwsB6QjBDvajNlv9p7cT0r/2UR3FiMGLWYrV+IqhNOCuC9rhCZsTEEmCK2y8pG4ICZvvQeRvfWwy7TBqVsndZdu8rxepFVkSOnJBTUiIeuSJVcktqpE4YeSTP5I28O1PnyXlxXn+sK052c0T+wPn4BoGhk/Y=</latexit>

Intervalo abierto (abto)


(a, b), (a, +1), ( 1, b)
<latexit sha1_base64="JxGCFGWnlghN6Y2IwPH5BkYUxtM=">AAACAnicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdenCwSJUrCWRoi4LblxWsA9oQ5lMJ+3QyYOZGyGE7vRndCXqzk/wB/wbJ20W2no2c+4958Kc40aCK7Csb2NpeWV1bb2wUdzc2t7ZNff2WyqMJWVNGopQdlyimOABawIHwTqRZMR3BWu745tMbz8wqXgY3EMSMccnw4B7nBLQq755VCYV97SC9XPW44EHSTacz6hW+mbJqlpT4EVi56SEcjT65ldvENLYZwFQQZTq2lYETkokcCrYpNiLFYsIHZMh62oaEJ8pJ50GmeATL5QYRgxP59/elPhKJb6rPT6BkZrXsuV/WjcG79pJeRDFwAKqLVrzYoEhxFkfeMAloyASTQiVXP8S0xGRhIJurajj2/NhF0nrompfVq27Wqley4sooEN0jMrIRleojm5RAzURRU/oBb2jD+PReDZejbeZdcnIbw7QHxifP9X3lGY=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="fX2tbV78CBZLmCItYZuNWYjPJ0M=">AAAB+nicbVDLTsMwEHR4lvIKcODAxaJCKpcqqRBwrMQFbkWiD6mNKsfZtlYdO7KdSlXoz8AJATc+gx/gb3BLDtAyp9mdWWlnwoQzbTzvy1lZXVvf2CxsFbd3dvf23YPDppapotCgkkvVDokGzgQ0DDMc2okCEoccWuHoZqa3xqA0k+LBTBIIYjIQrM8oMXbVc4/vhAE1JlxiCkqRSOIyjeR5zy15FW8OvEz8nJRQjnrP/exGkqYxCEM50brje4kJMqIMoxymxW6qISF0RAbQsVSQGHSQzQNM8VlfKmyGgOfzb29GYq0ncWg9MTFDvajNlv9pndT0r4OMiSQ1IKi1WK2fcmwknvWAI6aAGj6xhFDF7JeYDoki1Nahiza+vxh2mTSrFf+y4t1XS7WLvIgCOkGnqIx8dIVq6BbVUQNRNEXP6A29O4/Ok/PivP5YV5z85gj9gfPxDaPCk3Y=</latexit>

Intervalo cerrado (cdo)


[a, b], [a, +1), ( 1, b]
<latexit sha1_base64="LblIsw9EuZjWpmSEkk/9nUgXShU=">AAACAXicbZDLSgMxGIUzXmu9jboUJFiEirXMSFGXBTcuK9gLTIeSSTNtaOZC8o8wDF3py+hK1J2v4Av4NqbtLLT1bPLlPyeQ83ux4Aos69tYWl5ZXVsvbBQ3t7Z3ds29/ZaKEklZk0Yikh2PKCZ4yJrAQbBOLBkJPMHa3uhm4rcfmFQ8Cu8hjZkbkEHIfU4J6FHPPHJIxXMrWB9nXR76kJ5Wyucz0kbPLFlVayq8CHYOJZSr0TO/uv2IJgELgQqilGNbMbgZkcCpYONiN1EsJnREBszRGJKAKTeb9hjjEz+SGIYMT++/sxkJlEoDT2cCAkM1702G/3lOAv61m/EwToCFVEe05ycCQ4Qn68B9LhkFkWogVHL9S0yHRBIKemlFXd+eL7sIrYuqfVm17mqlei1fRAEdomNURja6QnV0ixqoiSh6Qi/oHX0Yj8az8Wq8zaJLRv7mAP2R8fkDvQmVCg==</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

n
f : U ✓ R ! R campo escalar
<latexit sha1_base64="eGwl5bPrrEs9prp6hIKygEe4FS8=">AAACEnicbVDJTgJBFOzBDXFDPXrpSEw84YwhajyRePGIRpaEQdLTvIEOPYvdbzRkwl/oz+jJqDd+wL+xQQ4I1qm6qjp5VV4shUbb/rYyS8srq2vZ9dzG5tb2Tn53r6ajRHGo8khGquExDVKEUEWBEhqxAhZ4Eupe/2rs1x9BaRGFdziIoRWwbih8wRkaqZ0/8S+rrk48DQgP1A0Y9jwvvR3eh64S3R4ypaKnGb2dL9hFewK6SJwpKZApKu38yO1EPAkgRC6Z1k3HjrGVMoWCSxjm3ERDzHifdaFpaMgC0K10UmxIj/xIUewBnbxnsykLtB4EnsmMb9Pz3lj8z2sm6F+0UhHGCULITcR4fiIpRnS8D+0IBRzlwBDGlTBXUt5jinE0K+ZMfWe+7CKpnRads6J9UyqUS9MhsuSAHJJj4pBzUibXpEKqhJMX8kY+yZf1bL1a79bHbzRjTf/skz+wRj+rwJ6j</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="cscV+jCQnDmXYPKGeGk1Th2N7R0=">AAAB7nicbZDNTgIxFIU7+If4h7p000hMXJEZYtQliRuXmMhPAhNyp9yBhnY6th0TQngNXRl158P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGqeDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0ctozLNsMmUULoTgUHBE2xabgV2Uo0gI4HtaHwz99uPqA1Xyb2dpBhKGCY85gysG4UMZKooGgYCdL9c8av+QnQVghwqJFejX/7sDRTLJCaWCTCmG/ipDaegLWcCZ6VeZjAFNoYhdh0mINGE08XSM3oWK03tCOni/Ts7BWnMREYuI8GOzLI3H/7ndTMbX4dTnqSZxYS5iPPiTFCr6Lw7HXCNzIqJA2Cauy0pG4EGZt2FSq5+sFx2FVq1anBZ9e9qlfpFfogiOSGn5JwE5IrUyS1pkCZh5IE8kzfy7qXek/fivf5EC17+55j8kffxDYS0j5E=</latexit>

Abierto, cerrado. Sea U ✓ R2


<latexit sha1_base64="so+lDhweqa0JaC48lPAthaXGGAs=">AAACAHicbVDLTsJAFJ3iC/FVdWlMJoKJK9ISoy5J3LjER4GEVjIdbmHC9OHM1IQ0bPRndGXUnd/gD/g3DtiFgmd17j3nJvccP+FMKsv6MgoLi0vLK8XV0tr6xuaWub3TlHEqKDg05rFo+0QCZxE4iikO7UQACX0OLX94PtFb9yAki6MbNUrAC0k/YgGjROlV19y/BoIrjitTX4KCO+yGRA18P7sa39YqXbNsVa0p8Dyxc1JGORpd89PtxTQNIVKUEyk7tpUoLyNCMcphXHJTCQmhQ9KHjqYRCUF62TTGGB8GscBqAHg6//ZmJJRyFPraM3lPzmqT5X9aJ1XBmZexKEkVRFRbtBakHKsYT9rAPSaAKj7ShFDB9JeYDoggVOnOSjq+PRt2njRrVfukal3WyvXjvIgi2kMH6AjZ6BTV0QVqIAdR9Iie0Rt6Nx6MJ+PFeP2xFoz8Zhf9gfHxDbiylbk=</latexit>

dominio
<latexit sha1_base64="sWpEaoP/woovoiLDde4T/JdQVLQ=">AAAB6HicbZDNTgIxFIXv4B/iH+rSTSMxcUVmiFGXJG5cYiI/CUxIp1yg0k4nbceETHgHXRl15/P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGieDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0cto1LNsMmUULoTUYOCx9i03ArsJBqpjAS2o8nN3G8/ojZcxfd2mmAo6SjmQ86odaP2QEkec9UvV/yqvxBZhSCHCuRq9MufvYFiqcTYMkGN6QZ+YsOMasuZwFmplxpMKJvQEXYdxlSiCbPFujNyNlSa2DGSxft3NqPSmKmMXEZSOzbL3nz4n9dN7fA6zHicpBZj5iLOG6aCWEXmrcmAa2RWTB1QprnbkrAx1ZRZd5uSqx8sl12FVq0aXFb9u1qlfpEfoggncArnEMAV1OEWGtAEBhN4hjd49x68J+/Fe/2JFrz8zzH8kffxDWvvjTk=</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="iTk36FOqhGvkiLGzHNnkGucb2H8=">AAAB/3icbVDLTgJBEOzFF+Jr1aMeJoKJ8UB2iVGPJF48YnSBBDZkdmhgwuzDmVkTQjjoz+jJqDf/wR/wbxxwD4rWqbqrOumqIBFcacf5tHILi0vLK/nVwtr6xuaWvb1TV3EqGXosFrFsBlSh4BF6mmuBzUQiDQOBjWB4MdUbdygVj6MbPUrQD2k/4j3OqDarjr1/TK6RdDlDcpsiKXklgorQQMdE8Y5ddMrODOQvcTNShAy1jv3R7sYsDTHSTFClWq6TaH9MpeZM4KTQThUmlA1pH1uGRjRE5Y9nKSbksBdLogdIZvNP75iGSo3CwHhCqgdqXpsu/9Naqe6d+2MeJanGiBmL0XqpICbdtAyTWyLTYmQIZZKbLwkbUEmZNpUVTHx3PuxfUq+U3dOyc1UpVk+yIvKwBwdwBC6cQRUuoQYeMHiAJ3iFN+veerSerZdva87KbnbhF6z3L8bqk+Y=</latexit>

* Se dice que U es abto si


sus puntos frontera no están en U
<latexit sha1_base64="TopPPiD6ntbuaZjjCkxxBtLapD8=">AAACKXicbVDLSgMxFL1T3/VVdekm2AquykwRdSm4calgVWhLycQ7NphJhiQjlNIv0k9xoytfG/FHvFO70OqFJOc1MPfEmZLOh+FLUJqanpmdm18oLy4tr6xW1tbPncmtwKYwytjLmDtUUmPTS6/wMrPI01jhRXxzVPgXt2idNPrM9zPspPxay0QK7kkylSo4yOkwyOjV4MGMWAKWUMGRECdFE2fEHGkfxApc3DVoQq1bqYb1cDTsL4jGoArjOelWHtpXRuQpai8Ud64VhZnvDLj1Uigcltu5w4yLG36NLYKap+g6g9G+Q7adGMt8D9mI/8wOeOpcP40pk3Lfc5NeIf7ntXKfHHQGUme5Ry0oQl6SK+YNK2pjV9Ki8KpPgAsr6S+Z6HHLhadyy7R+NLnsX3DeqEd79fC0UT3cHRcxD5uwBTsQwT4cwjGcUJkC7uEJ3uA9uAseg+fg9TtaCsbfbMCvCT6/ANLmmes=</latexit>

U
<latexit sha1_base64="X3hMuLPXgTdnOCHWW334VVptyAY=">AAAB4nicbZDNTsJAFIVv8Q/xD3XpZiIxcUVaQ9QliRuXkFgggYZMh1uYMNM2M1MT0vACujLqzkfyBXwbB+xCwbP65p4zyT03TAXXxnW/nNLG5tb2Tnm3srd/cHhUPT7p6CRTDH2WiET1QqpR8Bh9w43AXqqQylBgN5zeLfzuIyrNk/jBzFIMJB3HPOKMGjtq+8Nqza27S5F18AqoQaHWsPo5GCUskxgbJqjWfc9NTZBTZTgTOK8MMo0pZVM6xr7FmErUQb5cdE4uokQRM0GyfP/O5lRqPZOhzUhqJnrVWwz/8/qZiW6DnMdpZjBmNmK9KBPEJGTRl4y4QmbEzAJlitstCZtQRZmxV6nY+t5q2XXoXNW967rbbtSajeIQZTiDc7gED26gCffQAh8YIDzDG7w7I+fJeXFef6Ilp/hzCn/kfHwDpG+KZQ==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="lnnV2reG66aE0a6G18QqSq2OcO8=">AAAB/nicbVDLTsJAFJ36RHxVXbKZCCbGBWmJUZckblxitEACDZkOtzBh2qkzUxPSkOjP6MqoOz/CH/BvHLALBc/q3HvOTe45QcKZ0o7zZS0tr6yurRc2iptb2zu79t5+U4lUUvCo4EK2A6KAsxg8zTSHdiKBRAGHVjC6nOqte5CKifhWjxPwIzKIWcgo0WbVs0sn+AZwn1HAdyngilfBoDDtC6xYzy47VWcGvEjcnJRRjkbP/uz2BU0jiDXlRKmO6yTaz4jUjHKYFLupgoTQERlAx9CYRKD8bBZigo9CIbEeAp7Nv70ZiZQaR4HxREQP1bw2Xf6ndVIdXvgZi5NUQ0yNxWhhyrEWeNqFiS2Baj42hFDJzJeYDokkVJvGiia+Ox92kTRrVfes6lzXyvXTvIgCKqFDdIxcdI7q6Ao1kIcoekTP6A29Ww/Wk/Vivf5Yl6z85gD9gfXxDfISk2w=</latexit>

* Se dice que U es cdo si


X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

sus puntos frontera están en U


<latexit sha1_base64="2ikM4c4+D868dXRQYykuRgpBmgA=">AAACI3icbZBNS8NAEIYnflu/qh69LFbBU0mKqEfBi0cFq0ItstlO2qWbbNidCKX4c/TP6ElU8ODBf+Kk9uDXwO4+884byLxxbrSnMHwLJianpmdm5+YrC4tLyyvV1bVzbwunsKmsse4ylh6NzrBJmgxe5g5lGhu8iPtH5fziBp3XNjujQY7tVHYznWgliSVbFeCh4CMg5zcDAjvqEnBMZY9MkhVkneCDtZLLewuasHVdrYX1cFTiL0RjqMG4Tq6rj1cdq4oUM1JGet+KwpzaQ+lIK4O3lavCYy5VX3axxZjJFH17ONr0Vmwn1gnqoRj1371DmXo/SGP2pJJ6/vesFP+btQpKDtpDneUFYabYwrOkMIKsKAMTHe1QkRkwSOU0/6VQPemkIo61wutHv5f9C+eNerRXD08btcPdcRBzsAGbsAMR7MMhHMMJh6ngHh7hBV6Du+AheAqev6wTwfibdfhRwfsnNQKYtQ==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="vhBXuHMsP/bAfUoS2Qb5yET412k=">AAAB+3icbVDLSgNBEJz1GeMr6kXwMhiEeAm7QdRjwIveIpgHJEvonXSSIbM7y8xsICzxZ/Qk6s2/8Af8GydxD5pYp+quauiqIBZcG9f9clZW19Y3NnNb+e2d3b39wsFhQ8tEMawzKaRqBaBR8AjrhhuBrVghhIHAZjC6menNMSrNZfRgJjH6IQwi3ucMjF11C8d3kUE1BiEpBByVkbQEgZHn3ULRLbtz0GXiZaRIMtS6hc9OT7IkxMgwAVq3PTc2fgrKcCZwmu8kGmNgIxhg29IIQtR+Ok8wpWd9qagZIp3Pv70phFpPwsB6QjBDvajNlv9p7cT0r/2UR3FiMGLWYrV+IqhNOCuC9rhCZsTEEmCK2y8pG4ICZvvQeRvfWwy7TBqVsndZdu8rxepFVkSOnJBTUiIeuSJVcktqpE4YeSTP5I28O1PnyXlxXn+sK052c0T+wPn4BoGhk/Y=</latexit>

Intervalo abierto (abto)


Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

(a, b), (a, +1), ( 1, b)


<latexit sha1_base64="JxGCFGWnlghN6Y2IwPH5BkYUxtM=">AAACAnicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdenCwSJUrCWRoi4LblxWsA9oQ5lMJ+3QyYOZGyGE7vRndCXqzk/wB/wbJ20W2no2c+4958Kc40aCK7Csb2NpeWV1bb2wUdzc2t7ZNff2WyqMJWVNGopQdlyimOABawIHwTqRZMR3BWu745tMbz8wqXgY3EMSMccnw4B7nBLQq755VCYV97SC9XPW44EHSTacz6hW+mbJqlpT4EVi56SEcjT65ldvENLYZwFQQZTq2lYETkokcCrYpNiLFYsIHZMh62oaEJ8pJ50GmeATL5QYRgxP59/elPhKJb6rPT6BkZrXsuV/WjcG79pJeRDFwAKqLVrzYoEhxFkfeMAloyASTQiVXP8S0xGRhIJurajj2/NhF0nrompfVq27Wqley4sooEN0jMrIRleojm5RAzURRU/oBb2jD+PReDZejbeZdcnIbw7QHxifP9X3lGY=</latexit>

U
<latexit sha1_base64="X3hMuLPXgTdnOCHWW334VVptyAY=">AAAB4nicbZDNTsJAFIVv8Q/xD3XpZiIxcUVaQ9QliRuXkFgggYZMh1uYMNM2M1MT0vACujLqzkfyBXwbB+xCwbP65p4zyT03TAXXxnW/nNLG5tb2Tnm3srd/cHhUPT7p6CRTDH2WiET1QqpR8Bh9w43AXqqQylBgN5zeLfzuIyrNk/jBzFIMJB3HPOKMGjtq+8Nqza27S5F18AqoQaHWsPo5GCUskxgbJqjWfc9NTZBTZTgTOK8MMo0pZVM6xr7FmErUQb5cdE4uokQRM0GyfP/O5lRqPZOhzUhqJnrVWwz/8/qZiW6DnMdpZjBmNmK9KBPEJGTRl4y4QmbEzAJlitstCZtQRZmxV6nY+t5q2XXoXNW967rbbtSajeIQZTiDc7gED26gCffQAh8YIDzDG7w7I+fJeXFef6Ilp/hzCn/kfHwDpG+KZQ==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="fX2tbV78CBZLmCItYZuNWYjPJ0M=">AAAB+nicbVDLTsMwEHR4lvIKcODAxaJCKpcqqRBwrMQFbkWiD6mNKsfZtlYdO7KdSlXoz8AJATc+gx/gb3BLDtAyp9mdWWlnwoQzbTzvy1lZXVvf2CxsFbd3dvf23YPDppapotCgkkvVDokGzgQ0DDMc2okCEoccWuHoZqa3xqA0k+LBTBIIYjIQrM8oMXbVc4/vhAE1JlxiCkqRSOIyjeR5zy15FW8OvEz8nJRQjnrP/exGkqYxCEM50brje4kJMqIMoxymxW6qISF0RAbQsVSQGHSQzQNM8VlfKmyGgOfzb29GYq0ncWg9MTFDvajNlv9pndT0r4OMiSQ1IKi1WK2fcmwknvWAI6aAGj6xhFDF7JeYDoki1Nahiza+vxh2mTSrFf+y4t1XS7WLvIgCOkGnqIx8dIVq6BbVUQNRNEXP6A29O4/Ok/PivP5YV5z85gj9gfPxDaPCk3Y=</latexit>

Intervalo cerrado (cdo) U


<latexit sha1_base64="X3hMuLPXgTdnOCHWW334VVptyAY=">AAAB4nicbZDNTsJAFIVv8Q/xD3XpZiIxcUVaQ9QliRuXkFgggYZMh1uYMNM2M1MT0vACujLqzkfyBXwbB+xCwbP65p4zyT03TAXXxnW/nNLG5tb2Tnm3srd/cHhUPT7p6CRTDH2WiET1QqpR8Bh9w43AXqqQylBgN5zeLfzuIyrNk/jBzFIMJB3HPOKMGjtq+8Nqza27S5F18AqoQaHWsPo5GCUskxgbJqjWfc9NTZBTZTgTOK8MMo0pZVM6xr7FmErUQb5cdE4uokQRM0GyfP/O5lRqPZOhzUhqJnrVWwz/8/qZiW6DnMdpZjBmNmK9KBPEJGTRl4y4QmbEzAJlitstCZtQRZmxV6nY+t5q2XXoXNW967rbbtSajeIQZTiDc7gED26gCffQAh8YIDzDG7w7I+fJeXFef6Ilp/hzCn/kfHwDpG+KZQ==</latexit>

[a, b], [a, +1), ( 1, b]


<latexit sha1_base64="LblIsw9EuZjWpmSEkk/9nUgXShU=">AAACAXicbZDLSgMxGIUzXmu9jboUJFiEirXMSFGXBTcuK9gLTIeSSTNtaOZC8o8wDF3py+hK1J2v4Av4NqbtLLT1bPLlPyeQ83ux4Aos69tYWl5ZXVsvbBQ3t7Z3ds29/ZaKEklZk0Yikh2PKCZ4yJrAQbBOLBkJPMHa3uhm4rcfmFQ8Cu8hjZkbkEHIfU4J6FHPPHJIxXMrWB9nXR76kJ5Wyucz0kbPLFlVayq8CHYOJZSr0TO/uv2IJgELgQqilGNbMbgZkcCpYONiN1EsJnREBszRGJKAKTeb9hjjEz+SGIYMT++/sxkJlEoDT2cCAkM1702G/3lOAv61m/EwToCFVEe05ycCQ4Qn68B9LhkFkWogVHL9S0yHRBIKemlFXd+eL7sIrYuqfVm17mqlei1fRAEdomNURja6QnV0ixqoiSh6Qi/oHX0Yj8az8Wq8zaJLRv7mAP2R8fkDvQmVCg==</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

n
f : U ✓ R ! R campo escalar
<latexit sha1_base64="eGwl5bPrrEs9prp6hIKygEe4FS8=">AAACEnicbVDJTgJBFOzBDXFDPXrpSEw84YwhajyRePGIRpaEQdLTvIEOPYvdbzRkwl/oz+jJqDd+wL+xQQ4I1qm6qjp5VV4shUbb/rYyS8srq2vZ9dzG5tb2Tn53r6ajRHGo8khGquExDVKEUEWBEhqxAhZ4Eupe/2rs1x9BaRGFdziIoRWwbih8wRkaqZ0/8S+rrk48DQgP1A0Y9jwvvR3eh64S3R4ypaKnGb2dL9hFewK6SJwpKZApKu38yO1EPAkgRC6Z1k3HjrGVMoWCSxjm3ERDzHifdaFpaMgC0K10UmxIj/xIUewBnbxnsykLtB4EnsmMb9Pz3lj8z2sm6F+0UhHGCULITcR4fiIpRnS8D+0IBRzlwBDGlTBXUt5jinE0K+ZMfWe+7CKpnRads6J9UyqUS9MhsuSAHJJj4pBzUibXpEKqhJMX8kY+yZf1bL1a79bHbzRjTf/skz+wRj+rwJ6j</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="cscV+jCQnDmXYPKGeGk1Th2N7R0=">AAAB7nicbZDNTgIxFIU7+If4h7p000hMXJEZYtQliRuXmMhPAhNyp9yBhnY6th0TQngNXRl158P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGqeDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0ctozLNsMmUULoTgUHBE2xabgV2Uo0gI4HtaHwz99uPqA1Xyb2dpBhKGCY85gysG4UMZKooGgYCdL9c8av+QnQVghwqJFejX/7sDRTLJCaWCTCmG/ipDaegLWcCZ6VeZjAFNoYhdh0mINGE08XSM3oWK03tCOni/Ts7BWnMREYuI8GOzLI3H/7ndTMbX4dTnqSZxYS5iPPiTFCr6Lw7HXCNzIqJA2Cauy0pG4EGZt2FSq5+sFx2FVq1anBZ9e9qlfpFfogiOSGn5JwE5IrUyS1pkCZh5IE8kzfy7qXek/fivf5EC17+55j8kffxDYS0j5E=</latexit>

Abierto, cerrado. Sea U ✓ R2


<latexit sha1_base64="so+lDhweqa0JaC48lPAthaXGGAs=">AAACAHicbVDLTsJAFJ3iC/FVdWlMJoKJK9ISoy5J3LjER4GEVjIdbmHC9OHM1IQ0bPRndGXUnd/gD/g3DtiFgmd17j3nJvccP+FMKsv6MgoLi0vLK8XV0tr6xuaWub3TlHEqKDg05rFo+0QCZxE4iikO7UQACX0OLX94PtFb9yAki6MbNUrAC0k/YgGjROlV19y/BoIrjitTX4KCO+yGRA18P7sa39YqXbNsVa0p8Dyxc1JGORpd89PtxTQNIVKUEyk7tpUoLyNCMcphXHJTCQmhQ9KHjqYRCUF62TTGGB8GscBqAHg6//ZmJJRyFPraM3lPzmqT5X9aJ1XBmZexKEkVRFRbtBakHKsYT9rAPSaAKj7ShFDB9JeYDoggVOnOSjq+PRt2njRrVfukal3WyvXjvIgi2kMH6AjZ6BTV0QVqIAdR9Iie0Rt6Nx6MJ+PFeP2xFoz8Zhf9gfHxDbiylbk=</latexit>

dominio ni abto ni cdo


<latexit sha1_base64="sWpEaoP/woovoiLDde4T/JdQVLQ=">AAAB6HicbZDNTgIxFIXv4B/iH+rSTSMxcUVmiFGXJG5cYiI/CUxIp1yg0k4nbceETHgHXRl15/P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGieDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0cto1LNsMmUULoTUYOCx9i03ArsJBqpjAS2o8nN3G8/ojZcxfd2mmAo6SjmQ86odaP2QEkec9UvV/yqvxBZhSCHCuRq9MufvYFiqcTYMkGN6QZ+YsOMasuZwFmplxpMKJvQEXYdxlSiCbPFujNyNlSa2DGSxft3NqPSmKmMXEZSOzbL3nz4n9dN7fA6zHicpBZj5iLOG6aCWEXmrcmAa2RWTB1QprnbkrAx1ZRZd5uSqx8sl12FVq0aXFb9u1qlfpEfoggncArnEMAV1OEWGtAEBhN4hjd49x68J+/Fe/2JFrz8zzH8kffxDWvvjTk=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="q2/YEIUZ8VgopQ739m0gf9//4LA=">AAAB73icbVDLTgJBEOzFF+IL9ehlIjHxRHaJUY8kXjxiImACK5kdemHC7Mw6M2tCCN+hJ6Pe/Bd/wL9xwD0oWJeu7qpOujpKBTfW97+8wsrq2vpGcbO0tb2zu1feP2gZlWmGTaaE0ncRNSi4xKblVuBdqpEmkcB2NLqa6e1H1IYreWvHKYYJHUgec0atG91LTmhkFXGV9VWvXPGr/hxkmQQ5qUCORq/82e0rliUoLRPUmE7gpzacUG05EzgtdTODKWUjOsCOo5ImaMLJ/OopOYmVJnaIZN7/9k5oYsw4iZwnoXZoFrXZ8D+tk9n4MpxwmWYWJXMWp8WZIC7hLDzpc43MirEjlGnuriRsSDVl1r2o5OIHi2GXSatWDc6r/k2tUj/LH1GEIziGUwjgAupwDQ1oAgMNz/AG796D9+S9eK8/1oKX7xzCH3gf33ppj3o=</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="iTk36FOqhGvkiLGzHNnkGucb2H8=">AAAB/3icbVDLTgJBEOzFF+Jr1aMeJoKJ8UB2iVGPJF48YnSBBDZkdmhgwuzDmVkTQjjoz+jJqDf/wR/wbxxwD4rWqbqrOumqIBFcacf5tHILi0vLK/nVwtr6xuaWvb1TV3EqGXosFrFsBlSh4BF6mmuBzUQiDQOBjWB4MdUbdygVj6MbPUrQD2k/4j3OqDarjr1/TK6RdDlDcpsiKXklgorQQMdE8Y5ddMrODOQvcTNShAy1jv3R7sYsDTHSTFClWq6TaH9MpeZM4KTQThUmlA1pH1uGRjRE5Y9nKSbksBdLogdIZvNP75iGSo3CwHhCqgdqXpsu/9Naqe6d+2MeJanGiBmL0XqpICbdtAyTWyLTYmQIZZKbLwkbUEmZNpUVTHx3PuxfUq+U3dOyc1UpVk+yIvKwBwdwBC6cQRUuoQYeMHiAJ3iFN+veerSerZdva87KbnbhF6z3L8bqk+Y=</latexit>

* Se dice que U es abto si


sus puntos frontera no están en U
<latexit sha1_base64="TopPPiD6ntbuaZjjCkxxBtLapD8=">AAACKXicbVDLSgMxFL1T3/VVdekm2AquykwRdSm4calgVWhLycQ7NphJhiQjlNIv0k9xoytfG/FHvFO70OqFJOc1MPfEmZLOh+FLUJqanpmdm18oLy4tr6xW1tbPncmtwKYwytjLmDtUUmPTS6/wMrPI01jhRXxzVPgXt2idNPrM9zPspPxay0QK7kkylSo4yOkwyOjV4MGMWAKWUMGRECdFE2fEHGkfxApc3DVoQq1bqYb1cDTsL4jGoArjOelWHtpXRuQpai8Ud64VhZnvDLj1Uigcltu5w4yLG36NLYKap+g6g9G+Q7adGMt8D9mI/8wOeOpcP40pk3Lfc5NeIf7ntXKfHHQGUme5Ry0oQl6SK+YNK2pjV9Ki8KpPgAsr6S+Z6HHLhadyy7R+NLnsX3DeqEd79fC0UT3cHRcxD5uwBTsQwT4cwjGcUJkC7uEJ3uA9uAseg+fg9TtaCsbfbMCvCT6/ANLmmes=</latexit>

U
<latexit sha1_base64="X3hMuLPXgTdnOCHWW334VVptyAY=">AAAB4nicbZDNTsJAFIVv8Q/xD3XpZiIxcUVaQ9QliRuXkFgggYZMh1uYMNM2M1MT0vACujLqzkfyBXwbB+xCwbP65p4zyT03TAXXxnW/nNLG5tb2Tnm3srd/cHhUPT7p6CRTDH2WiET1QqpR8Bh9w43AXqqQylBgN5zeLfzuIyrNk/jBzFIMJB3HPOKMGjtq+8Nqza27S5F18AqoQaHWsPo5GCUskxgbJqjWfc9NTZBTZTgTOK8MMo0pZVM6xr7FmErUQb5cdE4uokQRM0GyfP/O5lRqPZOhzUhqJnrVWwz/8/qZiW6DnMdpZjBmNmK9KBPEJGTRl4y4QmbEzAJlitstCZtQRZmxV6nY+t5q2XXoXNW967rbbtSajeIQZTiDc7gED26gCffQAh8YIDzDG7w7I+fJeXFef6Ilp/hzCn/kfHwDpG+KZQ==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="lnnV2reG66aE0a6G18QqSq2OcO8=">AAAB/nicbVDLTsJAFJ36RHxVXbKZCCbGBWmJUZckblxitEACDZkOtzBh2qkzUxPSkOjP6MqoOz/CH/BvHLALBc/q3HvOTe45QcKZ0o7zZS0tr6yurRc2iptb2zu79t5+U4lUUvCo4EK2A6KAsxg8zTSHdiKBRAGHVjC6nOqte5CKifhWjxPwIzKIWcgo0WbVs0sn+AZwn1HAdyngilfBoDDtC6xYzy47VWcGvEjcnJRRjkbP/uz2BU0jiDXlRKmO6yTaz4jUjHKYFLupgoTQERlAx9CYRKD8bBZigo9CIbEeAp7Nv70ZiZQaR4HxREQP1bw2Xf6ndVIdXvgZi5NUQ0yNxWhhyrEWeNqFiS2Baj42hFDJzJeYDokkVJvGiia+Ox92kTRrVfes6lzXyvXTvIgCKqFDdIxcdI7q6Ao1kIcoekTP6A29Ww/Wk/Vivf5Yl6z85gD9gfXxDfISk2w=</latexit>

* Se dice que U es cdo si


X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

sus puntos frontera están en U


<latexit sha1_base64="2ikM4c4+D868dXRQYykuRgpBmgA=">AAACI3icbZBNS8NAEIYnflu/qh69LFbBU0mKqEfBi0cFq0ItstlO2qWbbNidCKX4c/TP6ElU8ODBf+Kk9uDXwO4+884byLxxbrSnMHwLJianpmdm5+YrC4tLyyvV1bVzbwunsKmsse4ylh6NzrBJmgxe5g5lGhu8iPtH5fziBp3XNjujQY7tVHYznWgliSVbFeCh4CMg5zcDAjvqEnBMZY9MkhVkneCDtZLLewuasHVdrYX1cFTiL0RjqMG4Tq6rj1cdq4oUM1JGet+KwpzaQ+lIK4O3lavCYy5VX3axxZjJFH17ONr0Vmwn1gnqoRj1371DmXo/SGP2pJJ6/vesFP+btQpKDtpDneUFYabYwrOkMIKsKAMTHe1QkRkwSOU0/6VQPemkIo61wutHv5f9C+eNerRXD08btcPdcRBzsAGbsAMR7MMhHMMJh6ngHh7hBV6Du+AheAqev6wTwfibdfhRwfsnNQKYtQ==</latexit>

abto
<latexit sha1_base64="42Ri1+APUAobkww63MSNTlFPzHU=">AAAB5XicbZDNSsNAFIVv/K31r+rSzWARXJWkiLosuHFZwf5AG8pkOmmGTjJh5kYooY+gK1F3vpAv4Ns4qVlo61l9c88ZuOcGqRQGXffLWVvf2NzaruxUd/f2Dw5rR8ddozLNeIcpqXQ/oIZLkfAOCpS8n2pO40DyXjC9LfzeI9dGqOQBZyn3YzpJRCgYxWJEA1SjWt1tuAuRVfBKqEOp9qj2ORwrlsU8QSapMQPPTdHPqUbBJJ9Xh5nhKWVTOuEDiwmNufHzxa5zch4qTTDiZPH+nc1pbMwsDmwmphiZZa8Y/ucNMgxv/FwkaYY8YTZivTCTBBUpKpOx0JyhnFmgTAu7JWER1ZShPUzV1veWy65Ct9nwrhrufbPeuiwPUYFTOIML8OAaWnAHbegAgwie4Q3enYnz5Lw4rz/RNaf8cwJ/5Hx8AwvVi9I=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="vhBXuHMsP/bAfUoS2Qb5yET412k=">AAAB+3icbVDLSgNBEJz1GeMr6kXwMhiEeAm7QdRjwIveIpgHJEvonXSSIbM7y8xsICzxZ/Qk6s2/8Af8GydxD5pYp+quauiqIBZcG9f9clZW19Y3NnNb+e2d3b39wsFhQ8tEMawzKaRqBaBR8AjrhhuBrVghhIHAZjC6menNMSrNZfRgJjH6IQwi3ucMjF11C8d3kUE1BiEpBByVkbQEgZHn3ULRLbtz0GXiZaRIMtS6hc9OT7IkxMgwAVq3PTc2fgrKcCZwmu8kGmNgIxhg29IIQtR+Ok8wpWd9qagZIp3Pv70phFpPwsB6QjBDvajNlv9p7cT0r/2UR3FiMGLWYrV+IqhNOCuC9rhCZsTEEmCK2y8pG4ICZvvQeRvfWwy7TBqVsndZdu8rxepFVkSOnJBTUiIeuSJVcktqpE4YeSTP5I28O1PnyXlxXn+sK052c0T+wPn4BoGhk/Y=</latexit>

Intervalo abierto (abto)


Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

(a, b), (a, +1), ( 1, b)


<latexit sha1_base64="JxGCFGWnlghN6Y2IwPH5BkYUxtM=">AAACAnicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdenCwSJUrCWRoi4LblxWsA9oQ5lMJ+3QyYOZGyGE7vRndCXqzk/wB/wbJ20W2no2c+4958Kc40aCK7Csb2NpeWV1bb2wUdzc2t7ZNff2WyqMJWVNGopQdlyimOABawIHwTqRZMR3BWu745tMbz8wqXgY3EMSMccnw4B7nBLQq755VCYV97SC9XPW44EHSTacz6hW+mbJqlpT4EVi56SEcjT65ldvENLYZwFQQZTq2lYETkokcCrYpNiLFYsIHZMh62oaEJ8pJ50GmeATL5QYRgxP59/elPhKJb6rPT6BkZrXsuV/WjcG79pJeRDFwAKqLVrzYoEhxFkfeMAloyASTQiVXP8S0xGRhIJurajj2/NhF0nrompfVq27Wqley4sooEN0jMrIRleojm5RAzURRU/oBb2jD+PReDZejbeZdcnIbw7QHxifP9X3lGY=</latexit>

cdo
<latexit sha1_base64="m7QDrG6jTkzb9Sm7GFvjKDkdAnw=">AAAB5HicbZDNSsNAFIVv6l+tf1WXbgaL4KokRdRlwY3LivYH2lAm05t26CQTZiZCCX0DXYm684l8Ad/GacxCW8/qm3vOwD03SATXxnW/nNLa+sbmVnm7srO7t39QPTzqaJkqhm0mhVS9gGoUPMa24UZgL1FIo0BgN5jeLPzuIyrNZfxgZgn6ER3HPOSMGju6ZyM5rNbcupuLrIJXQA0KtYbVz8FIsjTC2DBBte57bmL8jCrDmcB5ZZBqTCib0jH2LcY0Qu1n+apzchZKRcwESf7+nc1opPUsCmwmomail73F8D+vn5rw2s94nKQGY2Yj1gtTQYwki8ZkxBUyI2YWKFPcbknYhCrKjL1Lxdb3lsuuQqdR9y7r7l2j1rwoDlGGEziFc/DgCppwCy1oA4MxPMMbvDuh8+S8OK8/0ZJT/DmGP3I+vgE+k4tY</latexit>

U
<latexit sha1_base64="X3hMuLPXgTdnOCHWW334VVptyAY=">AAAB4nicbZDNTsJAFIVv8Q/xD3XpZiIxcUVaQ9QliRuXkFgggYZMh1uYMNM2M1MT0vACujLqzkfyBXwbB+xCwbP65p4zyT03TAXXxnW/nNLG5tb2Tnm3srd/cHhUPT7p6CRTDH2WiET1QqpR8Bh9w43AXqqQylBgN5zeLfzuIyrNk/jBzFIMJB3HPOKMGjtq+8Nqza27S5F18AqoQaHWsPo5GCUskxgbJqjWfc9NTZBTZTgTOK8MMo0pZVM6xr7FmErUQb5cdE4uokQRM0GyfP/O5lRqPZOhzUhqJnrVWwz/8/qZiW6DnMdpZjBmNmK9KBPEJGTRl4y4QmbEzAJlitstCZtQRZmxV6nY+t5q2XXoXNW967rbbtSajeIQZTiDc7gED26gCffQAh8YIDzDG7w7I+fJeXFef6Ilp/hzCn/kfHwDpG+KZQ==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="fX2tbV78CBZLmCItYZuNWYjPJ0M=">AAAB+nicbVDLTsMwEHR4lvIKcODAxaJCKpcqqRBwrMQFbkWiD6mNKsfZtlYdO7KdSlXoz8AJATc+gx/gb3BLDtAyp9mdWWlnwoQzbTzvy1lZXVvf2CxsFbd3dvf23YPDppapotCgkkvVDokGzgQ0DDMc2okCEoccWuHoZqa3xqA0k+LBTBIIYjIQrM8oMXbVc4/vhAE1JlxiCkqRSOIyjeR5zy15FW8OvEz8nJRQjnrP/exGkqYxCEM50brje4kJMqIMoxymxW6qISF0RAbQsVSQGHSQzQNM8VlfKmyGgOfzb29GYq0ncWg9MTFDvajNlv9pndT0r4OMiSQ1IKi1WK2fcmwknvWAI6aAGj6xhFDF7JeYDoki1Nahiza+vxh2mTSrFf+y4t1XS7WLvIgCOkGnqIx8dIVq6BbVUQNRNEXP6A29O4/Ok/PivP5YV5z85gj9gfPxDaPCk3Y=</latexit>

Intervalo cerrado (cdo) U


<latexit sha1_base64="X3hMuLPXgTdnOCHWW334VVptyAY=">AAAB4nicbZDNTsJAFIVv8Q/xD3XpZiIxcUVaQ9QliRuXkFgggYZMh1uYMNM2M1MT0vACujLqzkfyBXwbB+xCwbP65p4zyT03TAXXxnW/nNLG5tb2Tnm3srd/cHhUPT7p6CRTDH2WiET1QqpR8Bh9w43AXqqQylBgN5zeLfzuIyrNk/jBzFIMJB3HPOKMGjtq+8Nqza27S5F18AqoQaHWsPo5GCUskxgbJqjWfc9NTZBTZTgTOK8MMo0pZVM6xr7FmErUQb5cdE4uokQRM0GyfP/O5lRqPZOhzUhqJnrVWwz/8/qZiW6DnMdpZjBmNmK9KBPEJGTRl4y4QmbEzAJlitstCZtQRZmxV6nY+t5q2XXoXNW967rbbtSajeIQZTiDc7gED26gCffQAh8YIDzDG7w7I+fJeXFef6Ilp/hzCn/kfHwDpG+KZQ==</latexit>

[a, b], [a, +1), ( 1, b]


<latexit sha1_base64="LblIsw9EuZjWpmSEkk/9nUgXShU=">AAACAXicbZDLSgMxGIUzXmu9jboUJFiEirXMSFGXBTcuK9gLTIeSSTNtaOZC8o8wDF3py+hK1J2v4Av4NqbtLLT1bPLlPyeQ83ux4Aos69tYWl5ZXVsvbBQ3t7Z3ds29/ZaKEklZk0Yikh2PKCZ4yJrAQbBOLBkJPMHa3uhm4rcfmFQ8Cu8hjZkbkEHIfU4J6FHPPHJIxXMrWB9nXR76kJ5Wyucz0kbPLFlVayq8CHYOJZSr0TO/uv2IJgELgQqilGNbMbgZkcCpYONiN1EsJnREBszRGJKAKTeb9hjjEz+SGIYMT++/sxkJlEoDT2cCAkM1702G/3lOAv61m/EwToCFVEe05ycCQ4Qn68B9LhkFkWogVHL9S0yHRBIKemlFXd+eL7sIrYuqfVm17mqlei1fRAEdomNURja6QnV0ixqoiSh6Qi/oHX0Yj8az8Wq8zaJLRv7mAP2R8fkDvQmVCg==</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

n
f : U ✓ R ! R campo escalar
<latexit sha1_base64="eGwl5bPrrEs9prp6hIKygEe4FS8=">AAACEnicbVDJTgJBFOzBDXFDPXrpSEw84YwhajyRePGIRpaEQdLTvIEOPYvdbzRkwl/oz+jJqDd+wL+xQQ4I1qm6qjp5VV4shUbb/rYyS8srq2vZ9dzG5tb2Tn53r6ajRHGo8khGquExDVKEUEWBEhqxAhZ4Eupe/2rs1x9BaRGFdziIoRWwbih8wRkaqZ0/8S+rrk48DQgP1A0Y9jwvvR3eh64S3R4ypaKnGb2dL9hFewK6SJwpKZApKu38yO1EPAkgRC6Z1k3HjrGVMoWCSxjm3ERDzHifdaFpaMgC0K10UmxIj/xIUewBnbxnsykLtB4EnsmMb9Pz3lj8z2sm6F+0UhHGCULITcR4fiIpRnS8D+0IBRzlwBDGlTBXUt5jinE0K+ZMfWe+7CKpnRads6J9UyqUS9MhsuSAHJJj4pBzUibXpEKqhJMX8kY+yZf1bL1a79bHbzRjTf/skz+wRj+rwJ6j</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="cscV+jCQnDmXYPKGeGk1Th2N7R0=">AAAB7nicbZDNTgIxFIU7+If4h7p000hMXJEZYtQliRuXmMhPAhNyp9yBhnY6th0TQngNXRl158P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGqeDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0ctozLNsMmUULoTgUHBE2xabgV2Uo0gI4HtaHwz99uPqA1Xyb2dpBhKGCY85gysG4UMZKooGgYCdL9c8av+QnQVghwqJFejX/7sDRTLJCaWCTCmG/ipDaegLWcCZ6VeZjAFNoYhdh0mINGE08XSM3oWK03tCOni/Ts7BWnMREYuI8GOzLI3H/7ndTMbX4dTnqSZxYS5iPPiTFCr6Lw7HXCNzIqJA2Cauy0pG4EGZt2FSq5+sFx2FVq1anBZ9e9qlfpFfogiOSGn5JwE5IrUyS1pkCZh5IE8kzfy7qXek/fivf5EC17+55j8kffxDYS0j5E=</latexit>

Abierto, cerrado. Sea U ✓ R2


<latexit sha1_base64="so+lDhweqa0JaC48lPAthaXGGAs=">AAACAHicbVDLTsJAFJ3iC/FVdWlMJoKJK9ISoy5J3LjER4GEVjIdbmHC9OHM1IQ0bPRndGXUnd/gD/g3DtiFgmd17j3nJvccP+FMKsv6MgoLi0vLK8XV0tr6xuaWub3TlHEqKDg05rFo+0QCZxE4iikO7UQACX0OLX94PtFb9yAki6MbNUrAC0k/YgGjROlV19y/BoIrjitTX4KCO+yGRA18P7sa39YqXbNsVa0p8Dyxc1JGORpd89PtxTQNIVKUEyk7tpUoLyNCMcphXHJTCQmhQ9KHjqYRCUF62TTGGB8GscBqAHg6//ZmJJRyFPraM3lPzmqT5X9aJ1XBmZexKEkVRFRbtBakHKsYT9rAPSaAKj7ShFDB9JeYDoggVOnOSjq+PRt2njRrVfukal3WyvXjvIgi2kMH6AjZ6BTV0QVqIAdR9Iie0Rt6Nx6MJ+PFeP2xFoz8Zhf9gfHxDbiylbk=</latexit>

dominio
<latexit sha1_base64="sWpEaoP/woovoiLDde4T/JdQVLQ=">AAAB6HicbZDNTgIxFIXv4B/iH+rSTSMxcUVmiFGXJG5cYiI/CUxIp1yg0k4nbceETHgHXRl15/P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGieDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0cto1LNsMmUULoTUYOCx9i03ArsJBqpjAS2o8nN3G8/ojZcxfd2mmAo6SjmQ86odaP2QEkec9UvV/yqvxBZhSCHCuRq9MufvYFiqcTYMkGN6QZ+YsOMasuZwFmplxpMKJvQEXYdxlSiCbPFujNyNlSa2DGSxft3NqPSmKmMXEZSOzbL3nz4n9dN7fA6zHicpBZj5iLOG6aCWEXmrcmAa2RWTB1QprnbkrAx1ZRZd5uSqx8sl12FVq0aXFb9u1qlfpEfoggncArnEMAV1OEWGtAEBhN4hjd49x68J+/Fe/2JFrz8zzH8kffxDWvvjTk=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="iTk36FOqhGvkiLGzHNnkGucb2H8=">AAAB/3icbVDLTgJBEOzFF+Jr1aMeJoKJ8UB2iVGPJF48YnSBBDZkdmhgwuzDmVkTQjjoz+jJqDf/wR/wbxxwD4rWqbqrOumqIBFcacf5tHILi0vLK/nVwtr6xuaWvb1TV3EqGXosFrFsBlSh4BF6mmuBzUQiDQOBjWB4MdUbdygVj6MbPUrQD2k/4j3OqDarjr1/TK6RdDlDcpsiKXklgorQQMdE8Y5ddMrODOQvcTNShAy1jv3R7sYsDTHSTFClWq6TaH9MpeZM4KTQThUmlA1pH1uGRjRE5Y9nKSbksBdLogdIZvNP75iGSo3CwHhCqgdqXpsu/9Naqe6d+2MeJanGiBmL0XqpICbdtAyTWyLTYmQIZZKbLwkbUEmZNpUVTHx3PuxfUq+U3dOyc1UpVk+yIvKwBwdwBC6cQRUuoQYeMHiAJ3iFN+veerSerZdva87KbnbhF6z3L8bqk+Y=</latexit>

* Se dice que U es abto si


sus puntos frontera no están en U
<latexit sha1_base64="TopPPiD6ntbuaZjjCkxxBtLapD8=">AAACKXicbVDLSgMxFL1T3/VVdekm2AquykwRdSm4calgVWhLycQ7NphJhiQjlNIv0k9xoytfG/FHvFO70OqFJOc1MPfEmZLOh+FLUJqanpmdm18oLy4tr6xW1tbPncmtwKYwytjLmDtUUmPTS6/wMrPI01jhRXxzVPgXt2idNPrM9zPspPxay0QK7kkylSo4yOkwyOjV4MGMWAKWUMGRECdFE2fEHGkfxApc3DVoQq1bqYb1cDTsL4jGoArjOelWHtpXRuQpai8Ud64VhZnvDLj1Uigcltu5w4yLG36NLYKap+g6g9G+Q7adGMt8D9mI/8wOeOpcP40pk3Lfc5NeIf7ntXKfHHQGUme5Ry0oQl6SK+YNK2pjV9Ki8KpPgAsr6S+Z6HHLhadyy7R+NLnsX3DeqEd79fC0UT3cHRcxD5uwBTsQwT4cwjGcUJkC7uEJ3uA9uAseg+fg9TtaCsbfbMCvCT6/ANLmmes=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="lnnV2reG66aE0a6G18QqSq2OcO8=">AAAB/nicbVDLTsJAFJ36RHxVXbKZCCbGBWmJUZckblxitEACDZkOtzBh2qkzUxPSkOjP6MqoOz/CH/BvHLALBc/q3HvOTe45QcKZ0o7zZS0tr6yurRc2iptb2zu79t5+U4lUUvCo4EK2A6KAsxg8zTSHdiKBRAGHVjC6nOqte5CKifhWjxPwIzKIWcgo0WbVs0sn+AZwn1HAdyngilfBoDDtC6xYzy47VWcGvEjcnJRRjkbP/uz2BU0jiDXlRKmO6yTaz4jUjHKYFLupgoTQERlAx9CYRKD8bBZigo9CIbEeAp7Nv70ZiZQaR4HxREQP1bw2Xf6ndVIdXvgZi5NUQ0yNxWhhyrEWeNqFiS2Baj42hFDJzJeYDokkVJvGiia+Ox92kTRrVfes6lzXyvXTvIgCKqFDdIxcdI7q6Ao1kIcoekTP6A29Ww/Wk/Vivf5Yl6z85gD9gfXxDfISk2w=</latexit>

* Se dice que U es cdo si


sus puntos frontera están en U
<latexit sha1_base64="2ikM4c4+D868dXRQYykuRgpBmgA=">AAACI3icbZBNS8NAEIYnflu/qh69LFbBU0mKqEfBi0cFq0ItstlO2qWbbNidCKX4c/TP6ElU8ODBf+Kk9uDXwO4+884byLxxbrSnMHwLJianpmdm5+YrC4tLyyvV1bVzbwunsKmsse4ylh6NzrBJmgxe5g5lGhu8iPtH5fziBp3XNjujQY7tVHYznWgliSVbFeCh4CMg5zcDAjvqEnBMZY9MkhVkneCDtZLLewuasHVdrYX1cFTiL0RjqMG4Tq6rj1cdq4oUM1JGet+KwpzaQ+lIK4O3lavCYy5VX3axxZjJFH17ONr0Vmwn1gnqoRj1371DmXo/SGP2pJJ6/vesFP+btQpKDtpDneUFYabYwrOkMIKsKAMTHe1QkRkwSOU0/6VQPemkIo61wutHv5f9C+eNerRXD08btcPdcRBzsAGbsAMR7MMhHMMJh6ngHh7hBV6Du+AheAqev6wTwfibdfhRwfsnNQKYtQ==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="vhBXuHMsP/bAfUoS2Qb5yET412k=">AAAB+3icbVDLSgNBEJz1GeMr6kXwMhiEeAm7QdRjwIveIpgHJEvonXSSIbM7y8xsICzxZ/Qk6s2/8Af8GydxD5pYp+quauiqIBZcG9f9clZW19Y3NnNb+e2d3b39wsFhQ8tEMawzKaRqBaBR8AjrhhuBrVghhIHAZjC6menNMSrNZfRgJjH6IQwi3ucMjF11C8d3kUE1BiEpBByVkbQEgZHn3ULRLbtz0GXiZaRIMtS6hc9OT7IkxMgwAVq3PTc2fgrKcCZwmu8kGmNgIxhg29IIQtR+Ok8wpWd9qagZIp3Pv70phFpPwsB6QjBDvajNlv9p7cT0r/2UR3FiMGLWYrV+IqhNOCuC9rhCZsTEEmCK2y8pG4ICZvvQeRvfWwy7TBqVsndZdu8rxepFVkSOnJBTUiIeuSJVcktqpE4YeSTP5I28O1PnyXlxXn+sK052c0T+wPn4BoGhk/Y=</latexit>

Intervalo abierto (abto) Nota. U = R2 es abto


<latexit sha1_base64="s8rSOQ2PKfHXeAs7npnYp44Tw1U=">AAAB+3icbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqBvBzWAruCpJEXUjFNy4rGLaQhvLZHrTDp08mJkIJcSf0ZWoO//CH/BvnNQstPWszr3nXLjneDFnUlnWl1FaWl5ZXSuvVzY2t7Z3zN29towSQcGhEY9E1yMSOAvBUUxx6MYCSOBx6HiTq1zvPICQLArv1DQGNyCjkPmMEqVXA/Og5lz2A6LGnpfeZveNGgaJiaeigVm16tYMeJHYBamiAq2B+dkfRjQJIFSUEyl7thUrNyVCMcohq/QTCTGhEzKCnqYhCUC66SxBho/9SGA1Bjybf3tTEkg5DTztyd+U81q+/E/rJcq/cFMWxomCkGqL1vyEYxXhvAg8ZAKo4lNNCBVMf4npmAhCla6rouPb82EXSbtRt8/q1k2j2jwtiiijQ3SETpCNzlETXaMWchBFj+gZvaF3IzOejBfj9cdaMoqbffQHxsc3lr2TYQ==</latexit>

(a, b), (a, +1), ( 1, b)


<latexit sha1_base64="JxGCFGWnlghN6Y2IwPH5BkYUxtM=">AAACAnicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdenCwSJUrCWRoi4LblxWsA9oQ5lMJ+3QyYOZGyGE7vRndCXqzk/wB/wbJ20W2no2c+4958Kc40aCK7Csb2NpeWV1bb2wUdzc2t7ZNff2WyqMJWVNGopQdlyimOABawIHwTqRZMR3BWu745tMbz8wqXgY3EMSMccnw4B7nBLQq755VCYV97SC9XPW44EHSTacz6hW+mbJqlpT4EVi56SEcjT65ldvENLYZwFQQZTq2lYETkokcCrYpNiLFYsIHZMh62oaEJ8pJ50GmeATL5QYRgxP59/elPhKJb6rPT6BkZrXsuV/WjcG79pJeRDFwAKqLVrzYoEhxFkfeMAloyASTQiVXP8S0xGRhIJurajj2/NhF0nrompfVq27Wqley4sooEN0jMrIRleojm5RAzURRU/oBb2jD+PReDZejbeZdcnIbw7QHxifP9X3lGY=</latexit>

importante!!!
<latexit sha1_base64="FCB0R/BkCdEZz7aEiXIz1qog/Q4=">AAAB7nicdVDLTgJBEJz1ifhCPXoZJCaeyO5KAG8kXjxiIo8ENmR2aGDC7MOZXhOy4Tf0ZNSbH+MP+DfOIiZqtE7VVdVJV/uxFBpt+91aWV1b39jMbeW3d3b39gsHh20dJYpDi0cyUl2faZAihBYKlNCNFbDAl9Dxp5eZ37kDpUUU3uAsBi9g41CMBGdoJE8EcaSQhQjFYnFQKNnli3rVrVSpXbbtmuM6GXFrlfMKdYySoUSWaA4Kb/1hxJMAQuSSad1z7Bi9lCkUXMI83080xIxP2Rh6hoYsAO2li6Pn9HQUKYoToIv5ezZlgdazwDeZgOFE//Yy8S+vl+Co7qUijBOEkJuI8UaJpBjRrDsdCgUc5cwQxpUwV1I+YYpxNB/Km/pfHen/pO2WnWrZvnZLjcryETlyTE7IGXFIjTTIFWmSFuHkljyQZ/Jixda99Wg9fUZXrOXOEfkB6/UDTw+Pbg==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="fX2tbV78CBZLmCItYZuNWYjPJ0M=">AAAB+nicbVDLTsMwEHR4lvIKcODAxaJCKpcqqRBwrMQFbkWiD6mNKsfZtlYdO7KdSlXoz8AJATc+gx/gb3BLDtAyp9mdWWlnwoQzbTzvy1lZXVvf2CxsFbd3dvf23YPDppapotCgkkvVDokGzgQ0DDMc2okCEoccWuHoZqa3xqA0k+LBTBIIYjIQrM8oMXbVc4/vhAE1JlxiCkqRSOIyjeR5zy15FW8OvEz8nJRQjnrP/exGkqYxCEM50brje4kJMqIMoxymxW6qISF0RAbQsVSQGHSQzQNM8VlfKmyGgOfzb29GYq0ncWg9MTFDvajNlv9pndT0r4OMiSQ1IKi1WK2fcmwknvWAI6aAGj6xhFDF7JeYDoki1Nahiza+vxh2mTSrFf+y4t1XS7WLvIgCOkGnqIx8dIVq6BbVUQNRNEXP6A29O4/Ok/PivP5YV5z85gj9gfPxDaPCk3Y=</latexit>

Intervalo cerrado (cdo)


[a, b], [a, +1), ( 1, b]
<latexit sha1_base64="LblIsw9EuZjWpmSEkk/9nUgXShU=">AAACAXicbZDLSgMxGIUzXmu9jboUJFiEirXMSFGXBTcuK9gLTIeSSTNtaOZC8o8wDF3py+hK1J2v4Av4NqbtLLT1bPLlPyeQ83ux4Aos69tYWl5ZXVsvbBQ3t7Z3ds29/ZaKEklZk0Yikh2PKCZ4yJrAQbBOLBkJPMHa3uhm4rcfmFQ8Cu8hjZkbkEHIfU4J6FHPPHJIxXMrWB9nXR76kJ5Wyucz0kbPLFlVayq8CHYOJZSr0TO/uv2IJgELgQqilGNbMbgZkcCpYONiN1EsJnREBszRGJKAKTeb9hjjEz+SGIYMT++/sxkJlEoDT2cCAkM1702G/3lOAv61m/EwToCFVEe05ycCQ4Qn68B9LhkFkWogVHL9S0yHRBIKemlFXd+eL7sIrYuqfVm17mqlei1fRAEdomNURja6QnV0ixqoiSh6Qi/oHX0Yj8az8Wq8zaJLRv7mAP2R8fkDvQmVCg==</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

n
f : U ✓ R ! R campo escalar
<latexit sha1_base64="eGwl5bPrrEs9prp6hIKygEe4FS8=">AAACEnicbVDJTgJBFOzBDXFDPXrpSEw84YwhajyRePGIRpaEQdLTvIEOPYvdbzRkwl/oz+jJqDd+wL+xQQ4I1qm6qjp5VV4shUbb/rYyS8srq2vZ9dzG5tb2Tn53r6ajRHGo8khGquExDVKEUEWBEhqxAhZ4Eupe/2rs1x9BaRGFdziIoRWwbih8wRkaqZ0/8S+rrk48DQgP1A0Y9jwvvR3eh64S3R4ypaKnGb2dL9hFewK6SJwpKZApKu38yO1EPAkgRC6Z1k3HjrGVMoWCSxjm3ERDzHifdaFpaMgC0K10UmxIj/xIUewBnbxnsykLtB4EnsmMb9Pz3lj8z2sm6F+0UhHGCULITcR4fiIpRnS8D+0IBRzlwBDGlTBXUt5jinE0K+ZMfWe+7CKpnRads6J9UyqUS9MhsuSAHJJj4pBzUibXpEKqhJMX8kY+yZf1bL1a79bHbzRjTf/skz+wRj+rwJ6j</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="cscV+jCQnDmXYPKGeGk1Th2N7R0=">AAAB7nicbZDNTgIxFIU7+If4h7p000hMXJEZYtQliRuXmMhPAhNyp9yBhnY6th0TQngNXRl158P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGqeDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0ctozLNsMmUULoTgUHBE2xabgV2Uo0gI4HtaHwz99uPqA1Xyb2dpBhKGCY85gysG4UMZKooGgYCdL9c8av+QnQVghwqJFejX/7sDRTLJCaWCTCmG/ipDaegLWcCZ6VeZjAFNoYhdh0mINGE08XSM3oWK03tCOni/Ts7BWnMREYuI8GOzLI3H/7ndTMbX4dTnqSZxYS5iPPiTFCr6Lw7HXCNzIqJA2Cauy0pG4EGZt2FSq5+sFx2FVq1anBZ9e9qlfpFfogiOSGn5JwE5IrUyS1pkCZh5IE8kzfy7qXek/fivf5EC17+55j8kffxDYS0j5E=</latexit>

Abierto, cerrado. Sea U ✓ R2


<latexit sha1_base64="so+lDhweqa0JaC48lPAthaXGGAs=">AAACAHicbVDLTsJAFJ3iC/FVdWlMJoKJK9ISoy5J3LjER4GEVjIdbmHC9OHM1IQ0bPRndGXUnd/gD/g3DtiFgmd17j3nJvccP+FMKsv6MgoLi0vLK8XV0tr6xuaWub3TlHEqKDg05rFo+0QCZxE4iikO7UQACX0OLX94PtFb9yAki6MbNUrAC0k/YgGjROlV19y/BoIrjitTX4KCO+yGRA18P7sa39YqXbNsVa0p8Dyxc1JGORpd89PtxTQNIVKUEyk7tpUoLyNCMcphXHJTCQmhQ9KHjqYRCUF62TTGGB8GscBqAHg6//ZmJJRyFPraM3lPzmqT5X9aJ1XBmZexKEkVRFRbtBakHKsYT9rAPSaAKj7ShFDB9JeYDoggVOnOSjq+PRt2njRrVfukal3WyvXjvIgi2kMH6AjZ6BTV0QVqIAdR9Iie0Rt6Nx6MJ+PFeP2xFoz8Zhf9gfHxDbiylbk=</latexit>

dominio
<latexit sha1_base64="sWpEaoP/woovoiLDde4T/JdQVLQ=">AAAB6HicbZDNTgIxFIXv4B/iH+rSTSMxcUVmiFGXJG5cYiI/CUxIp1yg0k4nbceETHgHXRl15/P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGieDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0cto1LNsMmUULoTUYOCx9i03ArsJBqpjAS2o8nN3G8/ojZcxfd2mmAo6SjmQ86odaP2QEkec9UvV/yqvxBZhSCHCuRq9MufvYFiqcTYMkGN6QZ+YsOMasuZwFmplxpMKJvQEXYdxlSiCbPFujNyNlSa2DGSxft3NqPSmKmMXEZSOzbL3nz4n9dN7fA6zHicpBZj5iLOG6aCWEXmrcmAa2RWTB1QprnbkrAx1ZRZd5uSqx8sl12FVq0aXFb9u1qlfpEfoggncArnEMAV1OEWGtAEBhN4hjd49x68J+/Fe/2JFrz8zzH8kffxDWvvjTk=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="iTk36FOqhGvkiLGzHNnkGucb2H8=">AAAB/3icbVDLTgJBEOzFF+Jr1aMeJoKJ8UB2iVGPJF48YnSBBDZkdmhgwuzDmVkTQjjoz+jJqDf/wR/wbxxwD4rWqbqrOumqIBFcacf5tHILi0vLK/nVwtr6xuaWvb1TV3EqGXosFrFsBlSh4BF6mmuBzUQiDQOBjWB4MdUbdygVj6MbPUrQD2k/4j3OqDarjr1/TK6RdDlDcpsiKXklgorQQMdE8Y5ddMrODOQvcTNShAy1jv3R7sYsDTHSTFClWq6TaH9MpeZM4KTQThUmlA1pH1uGRjRE5Y9nKSbksBdLogdIZvNP75iGSo3CwHhCqgdqXpsu/9Naqe6d+2MeJanGiBmL0XqpICbdtAyTWyLTYmQIZZKbLwkbUEmZNpUVTHx3PuxfUq+U3dOyc1UpVk+yIvKwBwdwBC6cQRUuoQYeMHiAJ3iFN+veerSerZdva87KbnbhF6z3L8bqk+Y=</latexit>

* Se dice que U es abto si


Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

sus puntos frontera no están en U


<latexit sha1_base64="TopPPiD6ntbuaZjjCkxxBtLapD8=">AAACKXicbVDLSgMxFL1T3/VVdekm2AquykwRdSm4calgVWhLycQ7NphJhiQjlNIv0k9xoytfG/FHvFO70OqFJOc1MPfEmZLOh+FLUJqanpmdm18oLy4tr6xW1tbPncmtwKYwytjLmDtUUmPTS6/wMrPI01jhRXxzVPgXt2idNPrM9zPspPxay0QK7kkylSo4yOkwyOjV4MGMWAKWUMGRECdFE2fEHGkfxApc3DVoQq1bqYb1cDTsL4jGoArjOelWHtpXRuQpai8Ud64VhZnvDLj1Uigcltu5w4yLG36NLYKap+g6g9G+Q7adGMt8D9mI/8wOeOpcP40pk3Lfc5NeIf7ntXKfHHQGUme5Ry0oQl6SK+YNK2pjV9Ki8KpPgAsr6S+Z6HHLhadyy7R+NLnsX3DeqEd79fC0UT3cHRcxD5uwBTsQwT4cwjGcUJkC7uEJ3uA9uAseg+fg9TtaCsbfbMCvCT6/ANLmmes=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="lnnV2reG66aE0a6G18QqSq2OcO8=">AAAB/nicbVDLTsJAFJ36RHxVXbKZCCbGBWmJUZckblxitEACDZkOtzBh2qkzUxPSkOjP6MqoOz/CH/BvHLALBc/q3HvOTe45QcKZ0o7zZS0tr6yurRc2iptb2zu79t5+U4lUUvCo4EK2A6KAsxg8zTSHdiKBRAGHVjC6nOqte5CKifhWjxPwIzKIWcgo0WbVs0sn+AZwn1HAdyngilfBoDDtC6xYzy47VWcGvEjcnJRRjkbP/uz2BU0jiDXlRKmO6yTaz4jUjHKYFLupgoTQERlAx9CYRKD8bBZigo9CIbEeAp7Nv70ZiZQaR4HxREQP1bw2Xf6ndVIdXvgZi5NUQ0yNxWhhyrEWeNqFiS2Baj42hFDJzJeYDokkVJvGiia+Ox92kTRrVfes6lzXyvXTvIgCKqFDdIxcdI7q6Ao1kIcoekTP6A29Ww/Wk/Vivf5Yl6z85gD9gfXxDfISk2w=</latexit>

* Se dice que U es cdo si


sus puntos frontera están en U
<latexit sha1_base64="2ikM4c4+D868dXRQYykuRgpBmgA=">AAACI3icbZBNS8NAEIYnflu/qh69LFbBU0mKqEfBi0cFq0ItstlO2qWbbNidCKX4c/TP6ElU8ODBf+Kk9uDXwO4+884byLxxbrSnMHwLJianpmdm5+YrC4tLyyvV1bVzbwunsKmsse4ylh6NzrBJmgxe5g5lGhu8iPtH5fziBp3XNjujQY7tVHYznWgliSVbFeCh4CMg5zcDAjvqEnBMZY9MkhVkneCDtZLLewuasHVdrYX1cFTiL0RjqMG4Tq6rj1cdq4oUM1JGet+KwpzaQ+lIK4O3lavCYy5VX3axxZjJFH17ONr0Vmwn1gnqoRj1371DmXo/SGP2pJJ6/vesFP+btQpKDtpDneUFYabYwrOkMIKsKAMTHe1QkRkwSOU0/6VQPemkIo61wutHv5f9C+eNerRXD08btcPdcRBzsAGbsAMR7MMhHMMJh6ngHh7hBV6Du+AheAqev6wTwfibdfhRwfsnNQKYtQ==</latexit>

U
<latexit sha1_base64="X3hMuLPXgTdnOCHWW334VVptyAY=">AAAB4nicbZDNTsJAFIVv8Q/xD3XpZiIxcUVaQ9QliRuXkFgggYZMh1uYMNM2M1MT0vACujLqzkfyBXwbB+xCwbP65p4zyT03TAXXxnW/nNLG5tb2Tnm3srd/cHhUPT7p6CRTDH2WiET1QqpR8Bh9w43AXqqQylBgN5zeLfzuIyrNk/jBzFIMJB3HPOKMGjtq+8Nqza27S5F18AqoQaHWsPo5GCUskxgbJqjWfc9NTZBTZTgTOK8MMo0pZVM6xr7FmErUQb5cdE4uokQRM0GyfP/O5lRqPZOhzUhqJnrVWwz/8/qZiW6DnMdpZjBmNmK9KBPEJGTRl4y4QmbEzAJlitstCZtQRZmxV6nY+t5q2XXoXNW967rbbtSajeIQZTiDc7gED26gCffQAh8YIDzDG7w7I+fJeXFef6Ilp/hzCn/kfHwDpG+KZQ==</latexit>

y 2 + 2y)
<latexit sha1_base64="JNd00MjOQVBD7lZ0ZhsUfT1Wmtw=">AAAB+HicbZDNTsJAFIWn+If4VzWu3DQSE4hKWkLUjQmJG5eYyE8CSKbDLUyYdpqZqaE2vIuujLrzOXwB38YBu1DwrL6550xy73FDRqWy7S8js7S8srqWXc9tbG5t75i7ew3JI0GgTjjjouViCYwGUFdUMWiFArDvMmi6o+up33wAISkP7lQcQtfHg4B6lGClRz3zwCuMT+PiVYfxQWF8Ft+XT8pxsWfm7ZI9k7UITgp5lKrWMz87fU4iHwJFGJay7dih6iZYKEoYTHKdSEKIyQgPoK0xwD7IbjJbf2Ide1xYagjW7P07m2Bfyth3dcbHaijnvenwP68dKe+ym9AgjBQEREe050XMUtyatmD1qQCiWKwBE0H1lhYZYoGJ0l3l9PnO/LGL0CiXnPOSfVvJVytpEVl0iI5QATnoAlXRDaqhOiIoQc/oDb0bj8aT8WK8/kQzRvpnH/2R8fENfTKRjQ==</latexit>

f (x, y) = log(x
X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : y 2
<latexit sha1_base64="lyeQnI5x1kf+naNCXV70rBh0/sU=">AAACCHicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqks3g6VQQUsSioooFNy4rGIf0KRlMp22QyeTMDORhtAf0J/Rlag71/6Af+O0ZqHVszr3nnPhnuOFjEplmp9GZmFxaXklu5pbW9/Y3Mpv7zRkEAlM6jhggWh5SBJGOakrqhhphYIg32Ok6Y0up3rzjghJA36r4pC4Phpw2qcYKb3q5ov1CycpjQ/jA4dy6PhIDT0vuZl07DMYd+wjOz4fO5NuvmCWzRngX2KlpABS1Lr5D6cX4MgnXGGGpGxbZqjcBAlFMSOTnBNJEiI8QgPS1pQjn0g3mcWZwGI/EFANCZzNP70J8qWMfU97pp/KeW26/E9rR6p/6iaUh5EiHGuL1voRgyqA01ZgjwqCFYs1QVhQ/SXEQyQQVrq7nI5vzYf9Sxp22Toum9eVQrWSFpEFe2AflIAFTkAVXIEaqAMMHsATeAVvxr3xaDwbL9/WjJHe7IJfMN6/AH54mD8=</latexit>

2y < x}
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

n
f : U ✓ R ! R campo escalar
<latexit sha1_base64="eGwl5bPrrEs9prp6hIKygEe4FS8=">AAACEnicbVDJTgJBFOzBDXFDPXrpSEw84YwhajyRePGIRpaEQdLTvIEOPYvdbzRkwl/oz+jJqDd+wL+xQQ4I1qm6qjp5VV4shUbb/rYyS8srq2vZ9dzG5tb2Tn53r6ajRHGo8khGquExDVKEUEWBEhqxAhZ4Eupe/2rs1x9BaRGFdziIoRWwbih8wRkaqZ0/8S+rrk48DQgP1A0Y9jwvvR3eh64S3R4ypaKnGb2dL9hFewK6SJwpKZApKu38yO1EPAkgRC6Z1k3HjrGVMoWCSxjm3ERDzHifdaFpaMgC0K10UmxIj/xIUewBnbxnsykLtB4EnsmMb9Pz3lj8z2sm6F+0UhHGCULITcR4fiIpRnS8D+0IBRzlwBDGlTBXUt5jinE0K+ZMfWe+7CKpnRads6J9UyqUS9MhsuSAHJJj4pBzUibXpEKqhJMX8kY+yZf1bL1a79bHbzRjTf/skz+wRj+rwJ6j</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="cscV+jCQnDmXYPKGeGk1Th2N7R0=">AAAB7nicbZDNTgIxFIU7+If4h7p000hMXJEZYtQliRuXmMhPAhNyp9yBhnY6th0TQngNXRl158P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGqeDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0ctozLNsMmUULoTgUHBE2xabgV2Uo0gI4HtaHwz99uPqA1Xyb2dpBhKGCY85gysG4UMZKooGgYCdL9c8av+QnQVghwqJFejX/7sDRTLJCaWCTCmG/ipDaegLWcCZ6VeZjAFNoYhdh0mINGE08XSM3oWK03tCOni/Ts7BWnMREYuI8GOzLI3H/7ndTMbX4dTnqSZxYS5iPPiTFCr6Lw7HXCNzIqJA2Cauy0pG4EGZt2FSq5+sFx2FVq1anBZ9e9qlfpFfogiOSGn5JwE5IrUyS1pkCZh5IE8kzfy7qXek/fivf5EC17+55j8kffxDYS0j5E=</latexit>

Abierto, cerrado. Sea U ✓ R2


<latexit sha1_base64="so+lDhweqa0JaC48lPAthaXGGAs=">AAACAHicbVDLTsJAFJ3iC/FVdWlMJoKJK9ISoy5J3LjER4GEVjIdbmHC9OHM1IQ0bPRndGXUnd/gD/g3DtiFgmd17j3nJvccP+FMKsv6MgoLi0vLK8XV0tr6xuaWub3TlHEqKDg05rFo+0QCZxE4iikO7UQACX0OLX94PtFb9yAki6MbNUrAC0k/YgGjROlV19y/BoIrjitTX4KCO+yGRA18P7sa39YqXbNsVa0p8Dyxc1JGORpd89PtxTQNIVKUEyk7tpUoLyNCMcphXHJTCQmhQ9KHjqYRCUF62TTGGB8GscBqAHg6//ZmJJRyFPraM3lPzmqT5X9aJ1XBmZexKEkVRFRbtBakHKsYT9rAPSaAKj7ShFDB9JeYDoggVOnOSjq+PRt2njRrVfukal3WyvXjvIgi2kMH6AjZ6BTV0QVqIAdR9Iie0Rt6Nx6MJ+PFeP2xFoz8Zhf9gfHxDbiylbk=</latexit>

dominio
<latexit sha1_base64="sWpEaoP/woovoiLDde4T/JdQVLQ=">AAAB6HicbZDNTgIxFIXv4B/iH+rSTSMxcUVmiFGXJG5cYiI/CUxIp1yg0k4nbceETHgHXRl15/P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGieDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0cto1LNsMmUULoTUYOCx9i03ArsJBqpjAS2o8nN3G8/ojZcxfd2mmAo6SjmQ86odaP2QEkec9UvV/yqvxBZhSCHCuRq9MufvYFiqcTYMkGN6QZ+YsOMasuZwFmplxpMKJvQEXYdxlSiCbPFujNyNlSa2DGSxft3NqPSmKmMXEZSOzbL3nz4n9dN7fA6zHicpBZj5iLOG6aCWEXmrcmAa2RWTB1QprnbkrAx1ZRZd5uSqx8sl12FVq0aXFb9u1qlfpEfoggncArnEMAV1OEWGtAEBhN4hjd49x68J+/Fe/2JFrz8zzH8kffxDWvvjTk=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="iTk36FOqhGvkiLGzHNnkGucb2H8=">AAAB/3icbVDLTgJBEOzFF+Jr1aMeJoKJ8UB2iVGPJF48YnSBBDZkdmhgwuzDmVkTQjjoz+jJqDf/wR/wbxxwD4rWqbqrOumqIBFcacf5tHILi0vLK/nVwtr6xuaWvb1TV3EqGXosFrFsBlSh4BF6mmuBzUQiDQOBjWB4MdUbdygVj6MbPUrQD2k/4j3OqDarjr1/TK6RdDlDcpsiKXklgorQQMdE8Y5ddMrODOQvcTNShAy1jv3R7sYsDTHSTFClWq6TaH9MpeZM4KTQThUmlA1pH1uGRjRE5Y9nKSbksBdLogdIZvNP75iGSo3CwHhCqgdqXpsu/9Naqe6d+2MeJanGiBmL0XqpICbdtAyTWyLTYmQIZZKbLwkbUEmZNpUVTHx3PuxfUq+U3dOyc1UpVk+yIvKwBwdwBC6cQRUuoQYeMHiAJ3iFN+veerSerZdva87KbnbhF6z3L8bqk+Y=</latexit>

* Se dice que U es abto si


Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

sus puntos frontera no están en U


<latexit sha1_base64="TopPPiD6ntbuaZjjCkxxBtLapD8=">AAACKXicbVDLSgMxFL1T3/VVdekm2AquykwRdSm4calgVWhLycQ7NphJhiQjlNIv0k9xoytfG/FHvFO70OqFJOc1MPfEmZLOh+FLUJqanpmdm18oLy4tr6xW1tbPncmtwKYwytjLmDtUUmPTS6/wMrPI01jhRXxzVPgXt2idNPrM9zPspPxay0QK7kkylSo4yOkwyOjV4MGMWAKWUMGRECdFE2fEHGkfxApc3DVoQq1bqYb1cDTsL4jGoArjOelWHtpXRuQpai8Ud64VhZnvDLj1Uigcltu5w4yLG36NLYKap+g6g9G+Q7adGMt8D9mI/8wOeOpcP40pk3Lfc5NeIf7ntXKfHHQGUme5Ry0oQl6SK+YNK2pjV9Ki8KpPgAsr6S+Z6HHLhadyy7R+NLnsX3DeqEd79fC0UT3cHRcxD5uwBTsQwT4cwjGcUJkC7uEJ3uA9uAseg+fg9TtaCsbfbMCvCT6/ANLmmes=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="lnnV2reG66aE0a6G18QqSq2OcO8=">AAAB/nicbVDLTsJAFJ36RHxVXbKZCCbGBWmJUZckblxitEACDZkOtzBh2qkzUxPSkOjP6MqoOz/CH/BvHLALBc/q3HvOTe45QcKZ0o7zZS0tr6yurRc2iptb2zu79t5+U4lUUvCo4EK2A6KAsxg8zTSHdiKBRAGHVjC6nOqte5CKifhWjxPwIzKIWcgo0WbVs0sn+AZwn1HAdyngilfBoDDtC6xYzy47VWcGvEjcnJRRjkbP/uz2BU0jiDXlRKmO6yTaz4jUjHKYFLupgoTQERlAx9CYRKD8bBZigo9CIbEeAp7Nv70ZiZQaR4HxREQP1bw2Xf6ndVIdXvgZi5NUQ0yNxWhhyrEWeNqFiS2Baj42hFDJzJeYDokkVJvGiia+Ox92kTRrVfes6lzXyvXTvIgCKqFDdIxcdI7q6Ao1kIcoekTP6A29Ww/Wk/Vivf5Yl6z85gD9gfXxDfISk2w=</latexit>

* Se dice que U es cdo si


sus puntos frontera están en U
<latexit sha1_base64="2ikM4c4+D868dXRQYykuRgpBmgA=">AAACI3icbZBNS8NAEIYnflu/qh69LFbBU0mKqEfBi0cFq0ItstlO2qWbbNidCKX4c/TP6ElU8ODBf+Kk9uDXwO4+884byLxxbrSnMHwLJianpmdm5+YrC4tLyyvV1bVzbwunsKmsse4ylh6NzrBJmgxe5g5lGhu8iPtH5fziBp3XNjujQY7tVHYznWgliSVbFeCh4CMg5zcDAjvqEnBMZY9MkhVkneCDtZLLewuasHVdrYX1cFTiL0RjqMG4Tq6rj1cdq4oUM1JGet+KwpzaQ+lIK4O3lavCYy5VX3axxZjJFH17ONr0Vmwn1gnqoRj1371DmXo/SGP2pJJ6/vesFP+btQpKDtpDneUFYabYwrOkMIKsKAMTHe1QkRkwSOU0/6VQPemkIo61wutHv5f9C+eNerRXD08btcPdcRBzsAGbsAMR7MMhHMMJh6ngHh7hBV6Du+AheAqev6wTwfibdfhRwfsnNQKYtQ==</latexit>

U
<latexit sha1_base64="X3hMuLPXgTdnOCHWW334VVptyAY=">AAAB4nicbZDNTsJAFIVv8Q/xD3XpZiIxcUVaQ9QliRuXkFgggYZMh1uYMNM2M1MT0vACujLqzkfyBXwbB+xCwbP65p4zyT03TAXXxnW/nNLG5tb2Tnm3srd/cHhUPT7p6CRTDH2WiET1QqpR8Bh9w43AXqqQylBgN5zeLfzuIyrNk/jBzFIMJB3HPOKMGjtq+8Nqza27S5F18AqoQaHWsPo5GCUskxgbJqjWfc9NTZBTZTgTOK8MMo0pZVM6xr7FmErUQb5cdE4uokQRM0GyfP/O5lRqPZOhzUhqJnrVWwz/8/qZiW6DnMdpZjBmNmK9KBPEJGTRl4y4QmbEzAJlitstCZtQRZmxV6nY+t5q2XXoXNW967rbbtSajeIQZTiDc7gED26gCffQAh8YIDzDG7w7I+fJeXFef6Ilp/hzCn/kfHwDpG+KZQ==</latexit>

y 2 + 2y)
<latexit sha1_base64="JNd00MjOQVBD7lZ0ZhsUfT1Wmtw=">AAAB+HicbZDNTsJAFIWn+If4VzWu3DQSE4hKWkLUjQmJG5eYyE8CSKbDLUyYdpqZqaE2vIuujLrzOXwB38YBu1DwrL6550xy73FDRqWy7S8js7S8srqWXc9tbG5t75i7ew3JI0GgTjjjouViCYwGUFdUMWiFArDvMmi6o+up33wAISkP7lQcQtfHg4B6lGClRz3zwCuMT+PiVYfxQWF8Ft+XT8pxsWfm7ZI9k7UITgp5lKrWMz87fU4iHwJFGJay7dih6iZYKEoYTHKdSEKIyQgPoK0xwD7IbjJbf2Ide1xYagjW7P07m2Bfyth3dcbHaijnvenwP68dKe+ym9AgjBQEREe050XMUtyatmD1qQCiWKwBE0H1lhYZYoGJ0l3l9PnO/LGL0CiXnPOSfVvJVytpEVl0iI5QATnoAlXRDaqhOiIoQc/oDb0bj8aT8WK8/kQzRvpnH/2R8fENfTKRjQ==</latexit>

f (x, y) = log(x
X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : y 2
<latexit sha1_base64="lyeQnI5x1kf+naNCXV70rBh0/sU=">AAACCHicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqks3g6VQQUsSioooFNy4rGIf0KRlMp22QyeTMDORhtAf0J/Rlag71/6Af+O0ZqHVszr3nnPhnuOFjEplmp9GZmFxaXklu5pbW9/Y3Mpv7zRkEAlM6jhggWh5SBJGOakrqhhphYIg32Ok6Y0up3rzjghJA36r4pC4Phpw2qcYKb3q5ov1CycpjQ/jA4dy6PhIDT0vuZl07DMYd+wjOz4fO5NuvmCWzRngX2KlpABS1Lr5D6cX4MgnXGGGpGxbZqjcBAlFMSOTnBNJEiI8QgPS1pQjn0g3mcWZwGI/EFANCZzNP70J8qWMfU97pp/KeW26/E9rR6p/6iaUh5EiHGuL1voRgyqA01ZgjwqCFYs1QVhQ/SXEQyQQVrq7nI5vzYf9Sxp22Toum9eVQrWSFpEFe2AflIAFTkAVXIEaqAMMHsATeAVvxr3xaDwbL9/WjJHe7IJfMN6/AH54mD8=</latexit>

2y < x}
frontera ⌘ y 2
<latexit sha1_base64="gHRcdr4t00/kVYYWPFy4GMVj8XM=">AAAB/XicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqDvdDLaCG0sSRN0IBTcuK9gHtLVMpjft0MnDmUkxhKI/oytRd/6EP+DfOK1ZaOtZnXvPuXDPcSPOpLKsLyO3sLi0vJJfLaytb2xumds7dRnGgkKNhjwUTZdI4CyAmmKKQzMSQHyXQ8MdXk70xgiEZGFwo5IIOj7pB8xjlCi96pp7nggDBYLgUhvuYjbCya1z7CQX96WuWbTK1hR4ntgZKaIM1a752e6FNPYhUJQTKVu2FalOSoRilMO40I4lRIQOSR9amgbEB9lJpxnG+NALBVYDwNP5tzclvpSJ72qPT9RAzmqT5X9aK1beeSdlQRQrCKi2aM2LOVYhnlSBe0wAVTzRhFDB9JeYDoggVPchCzq+PRt2ntSdsn1atq6dYuUkKyKP9tEBOkI2OkMVdIWqqIYoekTP6A29Gw/Gk/FivP5Yc0Z2s4v+wPj4BijklD4=</latexit>

2y = x
abto
<latexit sha1_base64="42Ri1+APUAobkww63MSNTlFPzHU=">AAAB5XicbZDNSsNAFIVv/K31r+rSzWARXJWkiLosuHFZwf5AG8pkOmmGTjJh5kYooY+gK1F3vpAv4Ns4qVlo61l9c88ZuOcGqRQGXffLWVvf2NzaruxUd/f2Dw5rR8ddozLNeIcpqXQ/oIZLkfAOCpS8n2pO40DyXjC9LfzeI9dGqOQBZyn3YzpJRCgYxWJEA1SjWt1tuAuRVfBKqEOp9qj2ORwrlsU8QSapMQPPTdHPqUbBJJ9Xh5nhKWVTOuEDiwmNufHzxa5zch4qTTDiZPH+nc1pbMwsDmwmphiZZa8Y/ucNMgxv/FwkaYY8YTZivTCTBBUpKpOx0JyhnFmgTAu7JWER1ZShPUzV1veWy65Ct9nwrhrufbPeuiwPUYFTOIML8OAaWnAHbegAgwie4Q3enYnz5Lw4rz/RNaf8cwJ/5Hx8AwvVi9I=</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

n
f : U ✓ R ! R campo escalar
<latexit sha1_base64="eGwl5bPrrEs9prp6hIKygEe4FS8=">AAACEnicbVDJTgJBFOzBDXFDPXrpSEw84YwhajyRePGIRpaEQdLTvIEOPYvdbzRkwl/oz+jJqDd+wL+xQQ4I1qm6qjp5VV4shUbb/rYyS8srq2vZ9dzG5tb2Tn53r6ajRHGo8khGquExDVKEUEWBEhqxAhZ4Eupe/2rs1x9BaRGFdziIoRWwbih8wRkaqZ0/8S+rrk48DQgP1A0Y9jwvvR3eh64S3R4ypaKnGb2dL9hFewK6SJwpKZApKu38yO1EPAkgRC6Z1k3HjrGVMoWCSxjm3ERDzHifdaFpaMgC0K10UmxIj/xIUewBnbxnsykLtB4EnsmMb9Pz3lj8z2sm6F+0UhHGCULITcR4fiIpRnS8D+0IBRzlwBDGlTBXUt5jinE0K+ZMfWe+7CKpnRads6J9UyqUS9MhsuSAHJJj4pBzUibXpEKqhJMX8kY+yZf1bL1a79bHbzRjTf/skz+wRj+rwJ6j</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="cscV+jCQnDmXYPKGeGk1Th2N7R0=">AAAB7nicbZDNTgIxFIU7+If4h7p000hMXJEZYtQliRuXmMhPAhNyp9yBhnY6th0TQngNXRl158P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGqeDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0ctozLNsMmUULoTgUHBE2xabgV2Uo0gI4HtaHwz99uPqA1Xyb2dpBhKGCY85gysG4UMZKooGgYCdL9c8av+QnQVghwqJFejX/7sDRTLJCaWCTCmG/ipDaegLWcCZ6VeZjAFNoYhdh0mINGE08XSM3oWK03tCOni/Ts7BWnMREYuI8GOzLI3H/7ndTMbX4dTnqSZxYS5iPPiTFCr6Lw7HXCNzIqJA2Cauy0pG4EGZt2FSq5+sFx2FVq1anBZ9e9qlfpFfogiOSGn5JwE5IrUyS1pkCZh5IE8kzfy7qXek/fivf5EC17+55j8kffxDYS0j5E=</latexit>

Abierto, cerrado. Sea U ✓ R2


<latexit sha1_base64="so+lDhweqa0JaC48lPAthaXGGAs=">AAACAHicbVDLTsJAFJ3iC/FVdWlMJoKJK9ISoy5J3LjER4GEVjIdbmHC9OHM1IQ0bPRndGXUnd/gD/g3DtiFgmd17j3nJvccP+FMKsv6MgoLi0vLK8XV0tr6xuaWub3TlHEqKDg05rFo+0QCZxE4iikO7UQACX0OLX94PtFb9yAki6MbNUrAC0k/YgGjROlV19y/BoIrjitTX4KCO+yGRA18P7sa39YqXbNsVa0p8Dyxc1JGORpd89PtxTQNIVKUEyk7tpUoLyNCMcphXHJTCQmhQ9KHjqYRCUF62TTGGB8GscBqAHg6//ZmJJRyFPraM3lPzmqT5X9aJ1XBmZexKEkVRFRbtBakHKsYT9rAPSaAKj7ShFDB9JeYDoggVOnOSjq+PRt2njRrVfukal3WyvXjvIgi2kMH6AjZ6BTV0QVqIAdR9Iie0Rt6Nx6MJ+PFeP2xFoz8Zhf9gfHxDbiylbk=</latexit>

dominio
<latexit sha1_base64="sWpEaoP/woovoiLDde4T/JdQVLQ=">AAAB6HicbZDNTgIxFIXv4B/iH+rSTSMxcUVmiFGXJG5cYiI/CUxIp1yg0k4nbceETHgHXRl15/P4Ar6NBWeh4Fl9vec0uedGieDG+v6XV1hb39jcKm6Xdnb39g/Kh0cto1LNsMmUULoTUYOCx9i03ArsJBqpjAS2o8nN3G8/ojZcxfd2mmAo6SjmQ86odaP2QEkec9UvV/yqvxBZhSCHCuRq9MufvYFiqcTYMkGN6QZ+YsOMasuZwFmplxpMKJvQEXYdxlSiCbPFujNyNlSa2DGSxft3NqPSmKmMXEZSOzbL3nz4n9dN7fA6zHicpBZj5iLOG6aCWEXmrcmAa2RWTB1QprnbkrAx1ZRZd5uSqx8sl12FVq0aXFb9u1qlfpEfoggncArnEMAV1OEWGtAEBhN4hjd49x68J+/Fe/2JFrz8zzH8kffxDWvvjTk=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="iTk36FOqhGvkiLGzHNnkGucb2H8=">AAAB/3icbVDLTgJBEOzFF+Jr1aMeJoKJ8UB2iVGPJF48YnSBBDZkdmhgwuzDmVkTQjjoz+jJqDf/wR/wbxxwD4rWqbqrOumqIBFcacf5tHILi0vLK/nVwtr6xuaWvb1TV3EqGXosFrFsBlSh4BF6mmuBzUQiDQOBjWB4MdUbdygVj6MbPUrQD2k/4j3OqDarjr1/TK6RdDlDcpsiKXklgorQQMdE8Y5ddMrODOQvcTNShAy1jv3R7sYsDTHSTFClWq6TaH9MpeZM4KTQThUmlA1pH1uGRjRE5Y9nKSbksBdLogdIZvNP75iGSo3CwHhCqgdqXpsu/9Naqe6d+2MeJanGiBmL0XqpICbdtAyTWyLTYmQIZZKbLwkbUEmZNpUVTHx3PuxfUq+U3dOyc1UpVk+yIvKwBwdwBC6cQRUuoQYeMHiAJ3iFN+veerSerZdva87KbnbhF6z3L8bqk+Y=</latexit>

* Se dice que U es abto si


Nota. frontera ⌘ igualdades sus puntos frontera no están en U
<latexit sha1_base64="TopPPiD6ntbuaZjjCkxxBtLapD8=">AAACKXicbVDLSgMxFL1T3/VVdekm2AquykwRdSm4calgVWhLycQ7NphJhiQjlNIv0k9xoytfG/FHvFO70OqFJOc1MPfEmZLOh+FLUJqanpmdm18oLy4tr6xW1tbPncmtwKYwytjLmDtUUmPTS6/wMrPI01jhRXxzVPgXt2idNPrM9zPspPxay0QK7kkylSo4yOkwyOjV4MGMWAKWUMGRECdFE2fEHGkfxApc3DVoQq1bqYb1cDTsL4jGoArjOelWHtpXRuQpai8Ud64VhZnvDLj1Uigcltu5w4yLG36NLYKap+g6g9G+Q7adGMt8D9mI/8wOeOpcP40pk3Lfc5NeIf7ntXKfHHQGUme5Ry0oQl6SK+YNK2pjV9Ki8KpPgAsr6S+Z6HHLhadyy7R+NLnsX3DeqEd79fC0UT3cHRcxD5uwBTsQwT4cwjGcUJkC7uEJ3uA9uAseg+fg9TtaCsbfbMCvCT6/ANLmmes=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="WSWvfjr2AIAqC4/2nswoIizzbSE=">AAAB/3icbVDLTgJBEJzFF+Jr1aMeJoKJJ7JLjHok8eIRE3kkQEjv0AsTZh/OzJKQDQf9GT0Z9eY/+AP+jQPuQcE6VXdVJ13lxYIr7ThfVm5ldW19I79Z2Nre2d2z9w8aKkokwzqLRCRbHigUPMS65lpgK5YIgSew6Y2uZ3pzjFLxKLzTkxi7AQxC7nMG2qx69rEvo1CjBFrq4H3CxyXKBwmIPvRR9eyiU3bmoMvEzUiRZKj17M9OP2JJgKFmApRqu06suylIzZnAaaGTKIyBjWCAbUNDCFB103mKKT31I0n1EOl8/u1NIVBqEnjGE4AeqkVttvxPayfav+qmPIwTjSEzFqP5iaA6orMyaJ9LZFpMDAEmufmSsiFIYKYRVTDx3cWwy6RRKbsXZee2UqyeZ0XkyRE5IWfEJZekSm5IjdQJI4/kmbyRd+vBerJerNcfa87Kbg7JH1gf38C8lc8=</latexit>

interior ⌘ desigualdades
<latexit sha1_base64="RIYlq1NuT+wHxIk30bQYMVFB/y4=">AAACAnicbZC9TsMwFIWd8lfKX4CRAYsWialKKgSMlVgYi0R/pDaqHOemteo4wXYqVVE3eBmYELDxCLwAb4NbMkDLnT7fcyzdc/yEM6Ud58sqrKyurW8UN0tb2zu7e/b+QUvFqaTQpDGPZccnCjgT0NRMc+gkEkjkc2j7o+uZ3h6DVCwWd3qSgBeRgWAho0SbVd8+ZkKDZLHElR7cp2xcwQEoNkgJD4ihvl12qs588DK4OZRRPo2+/dkLYppGIDTlRKmu6yTay4jUjHKYlnqpgoTQERlA16AgESgvmweZ4tPQHKKHgOfv396MREpNIt94IqKHalGbLf/TuqkOr7yMiSTVIKixGC1MOdYxnvWBAyaBaj4xQKhk5kpMh0QSampRJRPfXQy7DK1a1b2oOre1cv08L6KIjtAJOkMuukR1dIMaqIkoekTP6A29Ww/Wk/Vivf5YC1b+5xD9GevjGzo6lzQ=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="lnnV2reG66aE0a6G18QqSq2OcO8=">AAAB/nicbVDLTsJAFJ36RHxVXbKZCCbGBWmJUZckblxitEACDZkOtzBh2qkzUxPSkOjP6MqoOz/CH/BvHLALBc/q3HvOTe45QcKZ0o7zZS0tr6yurRc2iptb2zu79t5+U4lUUvCo4EK2A6KAsxg8zTSHdiKBRAGHVjC6nOqte5CKifhWjxPwIzKIWcgo0WbVs0sn+AZwn1HAdyngilfBoDDtC6xYzy47VWcGvEjcnJRRjkbP/uz2BU0jiDXlRKmO6yTaz4jUjHKYFLupgoTQERlAx9CYRKD8bBZigo9CIbEeAp7Nv70ZiZQaR4HxREQP1bw2Xf6ndVIdXvgZi5NUQ0yNxWhhyrEWeNqFiS2Baj42hFDJzJeYDokkVJvGiia+Ox92kTRrVfes6lzXyvXTvIgCKqFDdIxcdI7q6Ao1kIcoekTP6A29Ww/Wk/Vivf5Yl6z85gD9gfXxDfISk2w=</latexit>

* Se dice que U es cdo si


sus puntos frontera están en U
<latexit sha1_base64="2ikM4c4+D868dXRQYykuRgpBmgA=">AAACI3icbZBNS8NAEIYnflu/qh69LFbBU0mKqEfBi0cFq0ItstlO2qWbbNidCKX4c/TP6ElU8ODBf+Kk9uDXwO4+884byLxxbrSnMHwLJianpmdm5+YrC4tLyyvV1bVzbwunsKmsse4ylh6NzrBJmgxe5g5lGhu8iPtH5fziBp3XNjujQY7tVHYznWgliSVbFeCh4CMg5zcDAjvqEnBMZY9MkhVkneCDtZLLewuasHVdrYX1cFTiL0RjqMG4Tq6rj1cdq4oUM1JGet+KwpzaQ+lIK4O3lavCYy5VX3axxZjJFH17ONr0Vmwn1gnqoRj1371DmXo/SGP2pJJ6/vesFP+btQpKDtpDneUFYabYwrOkMIKsKAMTHe1QkRkwSOU0/6VQPemkIo61wutHv5f9C+eNerRXD08btcPdcRBzsAGbsAMR7MMhHMMJh6ngHh7hBV6Du+AheAqev6wTwfibdfhRwfsnNQKYtQ==</latexit>

y 2 + 2y)
<latexit sha1_base64="JNd00MjOQVBD7lZ0ZhsUfT1Wmtw=">AAAB+HicbZDNTsJAFIWn+If4VzWu3DQSE4hKWkLUjQmJG5eYyE8CSKbDLUyYdpqZqaE2vIuujLrzOXwB38YBu1DwrL6550xy73FDRqWy7S8js7S8srqWXc9tbG5t75i7ew3JI0GgTjjjouViCYwGUFdUMWiFArDvMmi6o+up33wAISkP7lQcQtfHg4B6lGClRz3zwCuMT+PiVYfxQWF8Ft+XT8pxsWfm7ZI9k7UITgp5lKrWMz87fU4iHwJFGJay7dih6iZYKEoYTHKdSEKIyQgPoK0xwD7IbjJbf2Ide1xYagjW7P07m2Bfyth3dcbHaijnvenwP68dKe+ym9AgjBQEREe050XMUtyatmD1qQCiWKwBE0H1lhYZYoGJ0l3l9PnO/LGL0CiXnPOSfVvJVytpEVl0iI5QATnoAlXRDaqhOiIoQc/oDb0bj8aT8WK8/kQzRvpnH/2R8fENfTKRjQ==</latexit>

f (x, y) = log(x

U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : y 2
<latexit sha1_base64="lyeQnI5x1kf+naNCXV70rBh0/sU=">AAACCHicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqks3g6VQQUsSioooFNy4rGIf0KRlMp22QyeTMDORhtAf0J/Rlag71/6Af+O0ZqHVszr3nnPhnuOFjEplmp9GZmFxaXklu5pbW9/Y3Mpv7zRkEAlM6jhggWh5SBJGOakrqhhphYIg32Ok6Y0up3rzjghJA36r4pC4Phpw2qcYKb3q5ov1CycpjQ/jA4dy6PhIDT0vuZl07DMYd+wjOz4fO5NuvmCWzRngX2KlpABS1Lr5D6cX4MgnXGGGpGxbZqjcBAlFMSOTnBNJEiI8QgPS1pQjn0g3mcWZwGI/EFANCZzNP70J8qWMfU97pp/KeW26/E9rR6p/6iaUh5EiHGuL1voRgyqA01ZgjwqCFYs1QVhQ/SXEQyQQVrq7nI5vzYf9Sxp22Toum9eVQrWSFpEFe2AflIAFTkAVXIEaqAMMHsATeAVvxr3xaDwbL9/WjJHe7IJfMN6/AH54mD8=</latexit>

2y < x}
frontera ⌘ y 2
<latexit sha1_base64="gHRcdr4t00/kVYYWPFy4GMVj8XM=">AAAB/XicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqDvdDLaCG0sSRN0IBTcuK9gHtLVMpjft0MnDmUkxhKI/oytRd/6EP+DfOK1ZaOtZnXvPuXDPcSPOpLKsLyO3sLi0vJJfLaytb2xumds7dRnGgkKNhjwUTZdI4CyAmmKKQzMSQHyXQ8MdXk70xgiEZGFwo5IIOj7pB8xjlCi96pp7nggDBYLgUhvuYjbCya1z7CQX96WuWbTK1hR4ntgZKaIM1a752e6FNPYhUJQTKVu2FalOSoRilMO40I4lRIQOSR9amgbEB9lJpxnG+NALBVYDwNP5tzclvpSJ72qPT9RAzmqT5X9aK1beeSdlQRQrCKi2aM2LOVYhnlSBe0wAVTzRhFDB9JeYDoggVPchCzq+PRt2ntSdsn1atq6dYuUkKyKP9tEBOkI2OkMVdIWqqIYoekTP6A29Gw/Gk/FivP5Yc0Z2s4v+wPj4BijklD4=</latexit>

2y = x
abto
<latexit sha1_base64="42Ri1+APUAobkww63MSNTlFPzHU=">AAAB5XicbZDNSsNAFIVv/K31r+rSzWARXJWkiLosuHFZwf5AG8pkOmmGTjJh5kYooY+gK1F3vpAv4Ns4qVlo61l9c88ZuOcGqRQGXffLWVvf2NzaruxUd/f2Dw5rR8ddozLNeIcpqXQ/oIZLkfAOCpS8n2pO40DyXjC9LfzeI9dGqOQBZyn3YzpJRCgYxWJEA1SjWt1tuAuRVfBKqEOp9qj2ORwrlsU8QSapMQPPTdHPqUbBJJ9Xh5nhKWVTOuEDiwmNufHzxa5zch4qTTDiZPH+nc1pbMwsDmwmphiZZa8Y/ucNMgxv/FwkaYY8YTZivTCTBBUpKpOx0JyhnFmgTAu7JWER1ZShPUzV1veWy65Ct9nwrhrufbPeuiwPUYFTOIML8OAaWnAHbegAgwie4Q3enYnz5Lw4rz/RNaf8cwJ/5Hx8AwvVi9I=</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

<latexit sha1_base64="A9b+BG+0Gr9TlwFiFpusYdty/Bo=">AAAB+3icbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqBvBTbAIFbUkJagboeDGZQX7gL6YTG/aoZOHMxNpCPFndCXqzr/wB/wbpzULtZ7VufecC/ccJ2RUSNP81HILi0vLK/nVwtr6xuaWvr3TEEHECdRJwALecrAARn2oSyoZtEIO2HMYNJ3x1VRv3gMXNPBvZRxC18NDn7qUYKlWfX3PLU1O4qPLjrjjMpn0Ksd23Kuc2mlfL5plcwZjnlgZKaIMtb7+0RkEJPLAl4RhIdqWGcpugrmkhEFa6EQCQkzGeAhtRX3sgegmswSpcegG3JAjMGbzT2+CPSFiz1EeD8uR+KtNl/9p7Ui6F92E+mEkwSfKojQ3YoYMjGkRxoByIJLFimDCqfrSICPMMZGqroKKb/0NO08albJ1VjZv7GLVzorIo310gErIQueoiq5RDdURQQ/oCb2iNy3VHrVn7eXbmtOym130C9r7Fz5tkyc=</latexit>

p
EJ f (x, y) = x2 + 4y 2 4

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

<latexit sha1_base64="A9b+BG+0Gr9TlwFiFpusYdty/Bo=">AAAB+3icbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqBvBTbAIFbUkJagboeDGZQX7gL6YTG/aoZOHMxNpCPFndCXqzr/wB/wbpzULtZ7VufecC/ccJ2RUSNP81HILi0vLK/nVwtr6xuaWvr3TEEHECdRJwALecrAARn2oSyoZtEIO2HMYNJ3x1VRv3gMXNPBvZRxC18NDn7qUYKlWfX3PLU1O4qPLjrjjMpn0Ksd23Kuc2mlfL5plcwZjnlgZKaIMtb7+0RkEJPLAl4RhIdqWGcpugrmkhEFa6EQCQkzGeAhtRX3sgegmswSpcegG3JAjMGbzT2+CPSFiz1EeD8uR+KtNl/9p7Ui6F92E+mEkwSfKojQ3YoYMjGkRxoByIJLFimDCqfrSICPMMZGqroKKb/0NO08albJ1VjZv7GLVzorIo310gErIQueoiq5RDdURQQ/oCb2iNy3VHrVn7eXbmtOym130C9r7Fz5tkyc=</latexit>

p
U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : x2 + 4y 2 4}
<latexit sha1_base64="1HeFFFFnYxkx4HHPQ283WoY079o=">AAACDXicbVDJSgNBFOxxjXGLevTSGIS4EGZCUBGEgBePUcwCmST0dF6SJj2L3T2SYZhv0J/Rk6g3L/6Af2Mn5qCJdar3qh68KifgTCrT/DLm5hcWl5ZTK+nVtfWNzczWdlX6oaBQoT73Rd0hEjjzoKKY4lAPBBDX4VBzBpcjvXYPQjLfu1VRAE2X9DzWZZQovWpnDisXdpwbHkcHNvOw7RLVd5z4JmkVzoetwlExahXsHtzhop20M1kzb46BZ4k1IVk0Qbmd+bQ7Pg1d8BTlRMqGZQaqGROhGOWQpO1QQkDogPSgoalHXJDNeJwpwftdX2DVBzyef3tj4koZuY72jN6V09po+Z/WCFX3rBkzLwgVeFRbtNYNOVY+HlWDO0wAVTzShFDB9JeY9okgVOkC0zq+NR12llQLeeskb14Xs6XipIgU2kV7KIcsdIpK6AqVUQVR9Iie0Rt6Nx6MJ+PFeP2xzhmTmx30B8bHN/WMmhk=</latexit>

EJ f (x, y) = x2 + 4y 2 4
frontera ⌘ x2 + 4y 2 = 4 cdo
<latexit sha1_base64="E0oo5hHPbKmnIdcaVGmmHobzX9E=">AAAB/3icbVDLSgNBEJyNrxhfqx71MJgIghB2l6BehIAXjxHMA5JNmJ30JkNmH87MBsOSg/6MnkS9+Q/+gH/jJOagiXWq7qqGrvJizqSyrC8js7S8srqWXc9tbG5t75i7ezUZJYJClUY8Eg2PSOAshKpiikMjFkACj0PdG1xN9PoQhGRReKtGMbgB6YXMZ5QoveqYh76IQgWC4EIL7hI2xPdt57Q0ajuXpULHzFtFawq8SOwZyaMZKh3zs9WNaBJAqCgnUjZtK1ZuSoRilMM410okxIQOSA+amoYkAOmm0xRjfOxHAqs+4On825uSQMpR4GlPQFRfzmuT5X9aM1H+hZuyME4UhFRbtOYnHKsIT8rAXSaAKj7ShFDB9JeY9okgVDciczq+PR92kdScon1WtG6cfLk0KyKLDtAROkE2OkdldI0qqIooekTP6A29Gw/Gk/FivP5YM8bsZh/9gfHxDfVElJ0=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="m7QDrG6jTkzb9Sm7GFvjKDkdAnw=">AAAB5HicbZDNSsNAFIVv6l+tf1WXbgaL4KokRdRlwY3LivYH2lAm05t26CQTZiZCCX0DXYm684l8Ad/GacxCW8/qm3vOwD03SATXxnW/nNLa+sbmVnm7srO7t39QPTzqaJkqhm0mhVS9gGoUPMa24UZgL1FIo0BgN5jeLPzuIyrNZfxgZgn6ER3HPOSMGju6ZyM5rNbcupuLrIJXQA0KtYbVz8FIsjTC2DBBte57bmL8jCrDmcB5ZZBqTCib0jH2LcY0Qu1n+apzchZKRcwESf7+nc1opPUsCmwmomail73F8D+vn5rw2s94nKQGY2Yj1gtTQYwki8ZkxBUyI2YWKFPcbknYhCrKjL1Lxdb3lsuuQqdR9y7r7l2j1rwoDlGGEziFc/DgCppwCy1oA4MxPMMbvDuh8+S8OK8/0ZJT/DmGP3I+vgE+k4tY</latexit>

2 2 2 2
<latexit sha1_base64="wesGzOrv3d6xCUTusSqtj6g8Pyo=">AAACDnicbZDLSsNAFIYnXmu9RV26GSyCUCxJCeqy4MZlBXuBJi2T6Wk7dHJxZqKG0HfQl9GVqDsXvoBv47RW0Naz+ud8/8D5fz/mTCrL+jQWFpeWV1Zza/n1jc2tbXNnty6jRFCo0YhHoukTCZyFUFNMcWjGAkjgc2j4w/Mxb9yAkCwKr1QagxeQfsh6jBKlVx2zeNcuF520XT523D5cY8sVrD9QRIjoFv+wCXFwxyxYJWsyeF7YU1FA06l2zA+3G9EkgFBRTqRs2VasvIwIxSiHUd5NJMSEDkkfWlqGJADpZZNQI3zYiwRWA8CT929vRgIp08DXnoCogZxl4+V/rJWo3pmXsTBOFIRUWzTrJRyrCI+7wV0mgCqeakGoYPpKTAdEEKp0g3kd354NOy/q5ZJ9UrIunULFmRaRQ/voAB0hG52iCrpAVVRDFD2gJ/SK3ox749F4Nl6+rQvG9M8e+jPG+xe7apnh</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

x + 4y 4 0 ! x + 4y 4

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

<latexit sha1_base64="A9b+BG+0Gr9TlwFiFpusYdty/Bo=">AAAB+3icbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqBvBTbAIFbUkJagboeDGZQX7gL6YTG/aoZOHMxNpCPFndCXqzr/wB/wbpzULtZ7VufecC/ccJ2RUSNP81HILi0vLK/nVwtr6xuaWvr3TEEHECdRJwALecrAARn2oSyoZtEIO2HMYNJ3x1VRv3gMXNPBvZRxC18NDn7qUYKlWfX3PLU1O4qPLjrjjMpn0Ksd23Kuc2mlfL5plcwZjnlgZKaIMtb7+0RkEJPLAl4RhIdqWGcpugrmkhEFa6EQCQkzGeAhtRX3sgegmswSpcegG3JAjMGbzT2+CPSFiz1EeD8uR+KtNl/9p7Ui6F92E+mEkwSfKojQ3YoYMjGkRxoByIJLFimDCqfrSICPMMZGqroKKb/0NO08albJ1VjZv7GLVzorIo310gErIQueoiq5RDdURQQ/oCb2iNy3VHrVn7eXbmtOym130C9r7Fz5tkyc=</latexit>

p
U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : x2 + 4y 2 4}
<latexit sha1_base64="1HeFFFFnYxkx4HHPQ283WoY079o=">AAACDXicbVDJSgNBFOxxjXGLevTSGIS4EGZCUBGEgBePUcwCmST0dF6SJj2L3T2SYZhv0J/Rk6g3L/6Af2Mn5qCJdar3qh68KifgTCrT/DLm5hcWl5ZTK+nVtfWNzczWdlX6oaBQoT73Rd0hEjjzoKKY4lAPBBDX4VBzBpcjvXYPQjLfu1VRAE2X9DzWZZQovWpnDisXdpwbHkcHNvOw7RLVd5z4JmkVzoetwlExahXsHtzhop20M1kzb46BZ4k1IVk0Qbmd+bQ7Pg1d8BTlRMqGZQaqGROhGOWQpO1QQkDogPSgoalHXJDNeJwpwftdX2DVBzyef3tj4koZuY72jN6V09po+Z/WCFX3rBkzLwgVeFRbtNYNOVY+HlWDO0wAVTzShFDB9JeY9okgVOkC0zq+NR12llQLeeskb14Xs6XipIgU2kV7KIcsdIpK6AqVUQVR9Iie0Rt6Nx6MJ+PFeP2xzhmTmx30B8bHN/WMmhk=</latexit>

EJ f (x, y) = x2 + 4y 2 4
frontera ⌘ x2 + 4y 2 = 4 cdo
<latexit sha1_base64="E0oo5hHPbKmnIdcaVGmmHobzX9E=">AAAB/3icbVDLSgNBEJyNrxhfqx71MJgIghB2l6BehIAXjxHMA5JNmJ30JkNmH87MBsOSg/6MnkS9+Q/+gH/jJOagiXWq7qqGrvJizqSyrC8js7S8srqWXc9tbG5t75i7ezUZJYJClUY8Eg2PSOAshKpiikMjFkACj0PdG1xN9PoQhGRReKtGMbgB6YXMZ5QoveqYh76IQgWC4EIL7hI2xPdt57Q0ajuXpULHzFtFawq8SOwZyaMZKh3zs9WNaBJAqCgnUjZtK1ZuSoRilMM410okxIQOSA+amoYkAOmm0xRjfOxHAqs+4On825uSQMpR4GlPQFRfzmuT5X9aM1H+hZuyME4UhFRbtOYnHKsIT8rAXSaAKj7ShFDB9JeY9okgVDciczq+PR92kdScon1WtG6cfLk0KyKLDtAROkE2OkdldI0qqIooekTP6A29Gw/Gk/FivP5YM8bsZh/9gfHxDfVElJ0=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="m7QDrG6jTkzb9Sm7GFvjKDkdAnw=">AAAB5HicbZDNSsNAFIVv6l+tf1WXbgaL4KokRdRlwY3LivYH2lAm05t26CQTZiZCCX0DXYm684l8Ad/GacxCW8/qm3vOwD03SATXxnW/nNLa+sbmVnm7srO7t39QPTzqaJkqhm0mhVS9gGoUPMa24UZgL1FIo0BgN5jeLPzuIyrNZfxgZgn6ER3HPOSMGju6ZyM5rNbcupuLrIJXQA0KtYbVz8FIsjTC2DBBte57bmL8jCrDmcB5ZZBqTCib0jH2LcY0Qu1n+apzchZKRcwESf7+nc1opPUsCmwmomail73F8D+vn5rw2s94nKQGY2Yj1gtTQYwki8ZkxBUyI2YWKFPcbknYhCrKjL1Lxdb3lsuuQqdR9y7r7l2j1rwoDlGGEziFc/DgCppwCy1oA4MxPMMbvDuh8+S8OK8/0ZJT/DmGP3I+vgE+k4tY</latexit>

2 2 2 2
<latexit sha1_base64="wesGzOrv3d6xCUTusSqtj6g8Pyo=">AAACDnicbZDLSsNAFIYnXmu9RV26GSyCUCxJCeqy4MZlBXuBJi2T6Wk7dHJxZqKG0HfQl9GVqDsXvoBv47RW0Naz+ud8/8D5fz/mTCrL+jQWFpeWV1Zza/n1jc2tbXNnty6jRFCo0YhHoukTCZyFUFNMcWjGAkjgc2j4w/Mxb9yAkCwKr1QagxeQfsh6jBKlVx2zeNcuF520XT523D5cY8sVrD9QRIjoFv+wCXFwxyxYJWsyeF7YU1FA06l2zA+3G9EkgFBRTqRs2VasvIwIxSiHUd5NJMSEDkkfWlqGJADpZZNQI3zYiwRWA8CT929vRgIp08DXnoCogZxl4+V/rJWo3pmXsTBOFIRUWzTrJRyrCI+7wV0mgCqeakGoYPpKTAdEEKp0g3kd354NOy/q5ZJ9UrIunULFmRaRQ/voAB0hG52iCrpAVVRDFD2gJ/SK3ox749F4Nl6+rQvG9M8e+jPG+xe7apnh</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

x + 4y 4 0 ! x + 4y 4

2
<latexit sha1_base64="Q7fmrC2kpqNsiXfwM4Ju7m9ohEw=">AAAB+HicbZDLSgMxFIbPeK31VhVXboJFEIQyU4q6EQpuXFawF2inJZOeaUMzF5KMWIe+i65E3fkcvoBvY1pnoa3/6sv5/8A5vxcLrrRtf1lLyyura+u5jfzm1vbObmFvv6GiRDKss0hEsuVRhYKHWNdcC2zFEmngCWx6o+up37xHqXgU3ulxjG5AByH3OaPajHqFw07fl5SlD93yJK1Mzsbd8hVxeoWiXbJnIovgZFCETLVe4bPTj1gSYKiZoEq1HTvWbkql5kzgJN9JFMaUjegA2wZDGqBy09n6E3LiR5LoIZLZ+3c2pYFS48AzmYDqoZr3psP/vHai/Us35WGcaAyZiRjPTwTREZm2QPpcItNibIAyyc2WhA2pKUKbrvLmfGf+2EVolEvOecm+rRSrlayIHBzBMZyCAxdQhRuoQR0YpPAMb/BuPVpP1ov1+hNdsrI/B/BH1sc3sj6SUw==</latexit>

x
x2 + 4y 2 = 4 ! + y2 = 1
<latexit sha1_base64="Ag655EAQ5Ou6ovyrmJgKRrwpWhg=">AAAB+HicbZDNSsNAFIUn9a/Wv6i4chMsgiCUpAR1IxTcuKxgf6BNy2R60wydZMLMRK2h76IrUXc+hy/g2zitWWjrWX1zzxm49/gJo1LZ9pdRWFpeWV0rrpc2Nre2d8zdvabkqSDQIJxx0faxBEZjaCiqGLQTATjyGbT80dXUb92BkJTHt2qcgBfhYUwDSrDSo7558NCrnrrjXvXS7Qo6DBUWgt/3zbJdsWeyFsHJoYxy1fvmZ3fASRpBrAjDUnYcO1FehoWihMGk1E0lJJiM8BA6GmMcgfSy2foT6zjgwlIhWLP372yGIynHka8zEVahnPemw/+8TqqCCy+jcZIqiImOaC9ImaW4NW3BGlABRLGxBkwE1VtaJMQCE6W7KunznfljF6FZrThnFfvGLdfcvIgiOkRH6AQ56BzV0DWqowYiKEPP6A29G4/Gk/FivP5EC0b+Zx/9kfHxDf9Sko8=</latexit>

1
<latexit sha1_base64="qVsd0KckznNqTEpsOfwfa6WQsLk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEdNb1CuuFV3KbYOXg4VyNUYlD/7w1ikIUYkFDem57kJ+RnXJIXCeamfGky4mPIx9ixGPETjZ8tF5+xiFGtGE2TL9+9sxkNjZmFgMyGniVn1FsP/vF5Ko1s/k1GSEkbCRqw3ShWjmC36sqHUKEjNLHChpd2SiQnXXJC9SsnW91bLrkP7qupdV91mrVKv5YcowhmcwyV4cAN1uIcGtEAAwjO8wbszdJ6cF+f1J1pw8j+n8EfOxzdut4pB</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

2
<latexit sha1_base64="kF/LjkAz4wCw37IrMpbUU9pxJvs=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQtQliRuXkAiYwIT0NAV06Hmku8aETPgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCRElDrvvlFDY2t7Z3irulvf2Dw6Py8UnHxKkW2BaxivVDwA0qGWGbJCl8SDTyMFDYDaa3C7/7iNrIOLqnWYJ+yMeRHEnByY5atUG54lbdpdg6eDlUIFdzUP7sD2ORhhiRUNyYnucm5GdckxQK56V+ajDhYsrH2LMY8RCNny0XnbOLUawZTZAt37+zGQ+NmYWBzYScJmbVWwz/83opjW78TEZJShgJG7HeKFWMYrboy4ZSoyA1s8CFlnZLJiZcc0H2KiVb31stuw6dWtW7qrqteqVRzw9RhDM4h0vw4BoacAdNaIMAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj29wNYpC</latexit>

x2 + 4y 2 = 4
<latexit sha1_base64="wCscfy6o/yvsF56K4Huye3xUzEs=">AAAB63icbZDNSsNAFIVv6l+tf1WXboJFEISSlKBuhIIblxXsD7ZpmUwn7dCZSZiZiCH0KXQl6s638QV8G6c1C209q2/uOQP33CBmVGnH+bIKK6tr6xvFzdLW9s7uXnn/oKWiRGLSxBGLZCdAijAqSFNTzUgnlgTxgJF2MLme+e0HIhWNxJ1OY+JzNBI0pBhpM7p/7NfOvLRfu/IG5YpTdeayl8HNoQK5GoPyZ28Y4YQToTFDSnVdJ9Z+hqSmmJFpqZcoEiM8QSPSNSgQJ8rP5htP7ZMwkrYeE3v+/p3NEFcq5YHJcKTHatGbDf/zuokOL/2MijjRRGATMV6YMFtH9qy4PaSSYM1SAwhLara08RhJhLU5T8nUdxfLLkOrVnXPq86tV6l7+SGKcATHcAouXEAdbqABTcAg4Bne4N3i1pP1Yr3+RAtW/ucQ/sj6+AbL441L</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

<latexit sha1_base64="A9b+BG+0Gr9TlwFiFpusYdty/Bo=">AAAB+3icbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqBvBTbAIFbUkJagboeDGZQX7gL6YTG/aoZOHMxNpCPFndCXqzr/wB/wbpzULtZ7VufecC/ccJ2RUSNP81HILi0vLK/nVwtr6xuaWvr3TEEHECdRJwALecrAARn2oSyoZtEIO2HMYNJ3x1VRv3gMXNPBvZRxC18NDn7qUYKlWfX3PLU1O4qPLjrjjMpn0Ksd23Kuc2mlfL5plcwZjnlgZKaIMtb7+0RkEJPLAl4RhIdqWGcpugrmkhEFa6EQCQkzGeAhtRX3sgegmswSpcegG3JAjMGbzT2+CPSFiz1EeD8uR+KtNl/9p7Ui6F92E+mEkwSfKojQ3YoYMjGkRxoByIJLFimDCqfrSICPMMZGqroKKb/0NO08albJ1VjZv7GLVzorIo310gErIQueoiq5RDdURQQ/oCb2iNy3VHrVn7eXbmtOym130C9r7Fz5tkyc=</latexit>

p
U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : x2 + 4y 2 4}
<latexit sha1_base64="1HeFFFFnYxkx4HHPQ283WoY079o=">AAACDXicbVDJSgNBFOxxjXGLevTSGIS4EGZCUBGEgBePUcwCmST0dF6SJj2L3T2SYZhv0J/Rk6g3L/6Af2Mn5qCJdar3qh68KifgTCrT/DLm5hcWl5ZTK+nVtfWNzczWdlX6oaBQoT73Rd0hEjjzoKKY4lAPBBDX4VBzBpcjvXYPQjLfu1VRAE2X9DzWZZQovWpnDisXdpwbHkcHNvOw7RLVd5z4JmkVzoetwlExahXsHtzhop20M1kzb46BZ4k1IVk0Qbmd+bQ7Pg1d8BTlRMqGZQaqGROhGOWQpO1QQkDogPSgoalHXJDNeJwpwftdX2DVBzyef3tj4koZuY72jN6V09po+Z/WCFX3rBkzLwgVeFRbtNYNOVY+HlWDO0wAVTzShFDB9JeY9okgVOkC0zq+NR12llQLeeskb14Xs6XipIgU2kV7KIcsdIpK6AqVUQVR9Iie0Rt6Nx6MJ+PFeP2xzhmTmx30B8bHN/WMmhk=</latexit>

EJ f (x, y) = x2 + 4y 2 4
frontera ⌘ x2 + 4y 2 = 4 cdo
<latexit sha1_base64="E0oo5hHPbKmnIdcaVGmmHobzX9E=">AAAB/3icbVDLSgNBEJyNrxhfqx71MJgIghB2l6BehIAXjxHMA5JNmJ30JkNmH87MBsOSg/6MnkS9+Q/+gH/jJOagiXWq7qqGrvJizqSyrC8js7S8srqWXc9tbG5t75i7ezUZJYJClUY8Eg2PSOAshKpiikMjFkACj0PdG1xN9PoQhGRReKtGMbgB6YXMZ5QoveqYh76IQgWC4EIL7hI2xPdt57Q0ajuXpULHzFtFawq8SOwZyaMZKh3zs9WNaBJAqCgnUjZtK1ZuSoRilMM410okxIQOSA+amoYkAOmm0xRjfOxHAqs+4On825uSQMpR4GlPQFRfzmuT5X9aM1H+hZuyME4UhFRbtOYnHKsIT8rAXSaAKj7ShFDB9JeY9okgVDciczq+PR92kdScon1WtG6cfLk0KyKLDtAROkE2OkdldI0qqIooekTP6A29Gw/Gk/FivP5YM8bsZh/9gfHxDfVElJ0=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="m7QDrG6jTkzb9Sm7GFvjKDkdAnw=">AAAB5HicbZDNSsNAFIVv6l+tf1WXbgaL4KokRdRlwY3LivYH2lAm05t26CQTZiZCCX0DXYm684l8Ad/GacxCW8/qm3vOwD03SATXxnW/nNLa+sbmVnm7srO7t39QPTzqaJkqhm0mhVS9gGoUPMa24UZgL1FIo0BgN5jeLPzuIyrNZfxgZgn6ER3HPOSMGju6ZyM5rNbcupuLrIJXQA0KtYbVz8FIsjTC2DBBte57bmL8jCrDmcB5ZZBqTCib0jH2LcY0Qu1n+apzchZKRcwESf7+nc1opPUsCmwmomail73F8D+vn5rw2s94nKQGY2Yj1gtTQYwki8ZkxBUyI2YWKFPcbknYhCrKjL1Lxdb3lsuuQqdR9y7r7l2j1rwoDlGGEziFc/DgCppwCy1oA4MxPMMbvDuh8+S8OK8/0ZJT/DmGP3I+vgE+k4tY</latexit>

2 2 2 2
<latexit sha1_base64="wesGzOrv3d6xCUTusSqtj6g8Pyo=">AAACDnicbZDLSsNAFIYnXmu9RV26GSyCUCxJCeqy4MZlBXuBJi2T6Wk7dHJxZqKG0HfQl9GVqDsXvoBv47RW0Naz+ud8/8D5fz/mTCrL+jQWFpeWV1Zza/n1jc2tbXNnty6jRFCo0YhHoukTCZyFUFNMcWjGAkjgc2j4w/Mxb9yAkCwKr1QagxeQfsh6jBKlVx2zeNcuF520XT523D5cY8sVrD9QRIjoFv+wCXFwxyxYJWsyeF7YU1FA06l2zA+3G9EkgFBRTqRs2VasvIwIxSiHUd5NJMSEDkkfWlqGJADpZZNQI3zYiwRWA8CT929vRgIp08DXnoCogZxl4+V/rJWo3pmXsTBOFIRUWzTrJRyrCI+7wV0mgCqeakGoYPpKTAdEEKp0g3kd354NOy/q5ZJ9UrIunULFmRaRQ/voAB0hG52iCrpAVVRDFD2gJ/SK3ox749F4Nl6+rQvG9M8e+jPG+xe7apnh</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

x + 4y 4 0 ! x + 4y 4
x2 + 4y 2 > 4
<latexit sha1_base64="EMT8mwIxqLqjIhB9Rqry++KnaPg=">AAAB63icbZDNSsNAFIVv6l+tf1WXboJFEISSlKCupODGZQX7g21aJtNJO3RmEmYmYgh9Cl2JuvNtfAHfxmnNQlvP6pt7zsA9N4gZVdpxvqzCyura+kZxs7S1vbO7V94/aKkokZg0ccQi2QmQIowK0tRUM9KJJUE8YKQdTK5nfvuBSEUjcafTmPgcjQQNKUbajO4f+7UzL+3XrrxBueJUnbnsZXBzqECuxqD82RtGOOFEaMyQUl3XibWfIakpZmRa6iWKxAhP0Ih0DQrEifKz+cZT+ySMpK3HxJ6/f2czxJVKeWAyHOmxWvRmw/+8bqLDSz+jIk40EdhEjBcmzNaRPStuD6kkWLPUAMKSmi1tPEYSYW3OUzL13cWyy9CqVd3zqnPrVepefogiHMExnIILF1CHG2hAEzAIeIY3eLe49WS9WK8/0YKV/zmEP7I+vgHNYo1M</latexit>

2
<latexit sha1_base64="Q7fmrC2kpqNsiXfwM4Ju7m9ohEw=">AAAB+HicbZDLSgMxFIbPeK31VhVXboJFEIQyU4q6EQpuXFawF2inJZOeaUMzF5KMWIe+i65E3fkcvoBvY1pnoa3/6sv5/8A5vxcLrrRtf1lLyyura+u5jfzm1vbObmFvv6GiRDKss0hEsuVRhYKHWNdcC2zFEmngCWx6o+up37xHqXgU3ulxjG5AByH3OaPajHqFw07fl5SlD93yJK1Mzsbd8hVxeoWiXbJnIovgZFCETLVe4bPTj1gSYKiZoEq1HTvWbkql5kzgJN9JFMaUjegA2wZDGqBy09n6E3LiR5LoIZLZ+3c2pYFS48AzmYDqoZr3psP/vHai/Us35WGcaAyZiRjPTwTREZm2QPpcItNibIAyyc2WhA2pKUKbrvLmfGf+2EVolEvOecm+rRSrlayIHBzBMZyCAxdQhRuoQR0YpPAMb/BuPVpP1ov1+hNdsrI/B/BH1sc3sj6SUw==</latexit>

x
x2 + 4y 2 = 4 ! + y2 = 1
<latexit sha1_base64="Ag655EAQ5Ou6ovyrmJgKRrwpWhg=">AAAB+HicbZDNSsNAFIUn9a/Wv6i4chMsgiCUpAR1IxTcuKxgf6BNy2R60wydZMLMRK2h76IrUXc+hy/g2zitWWjrWX1zzxm49/gJo1LZ9pdRWFpeWV0rrpc2Nre2d8zdvabkqSDQIJxx0faxBEZjaCiqGLQTATjyGbT80dXUb92BkJTHt2qcgBfhYUwDSrDSo7558NCrnrrjXvXS7Qo6DBUWgt/3zbJdsWeyFsHJoYxy1fvmZ3fASRpBrAjDUnYcO1FehoWihMGk1E0lJJiM8BA6GmMcgfSy2foT6zjgwlIhWLP372yGIynHka8zEVahnPemw/+8TqqCCy+jcZIqiImOaC9ImaW4NW3BGlABRLGxBkwE1VtaJMQCE6W7KunznfljF6FZrThnFfvGLdfcvIgiOkRH6AQ56BzV0DWqowYiKEPP6A29G4/Gk/FivP5EC0b+Zx/9kfHxDf9Sko8=</latexit>

1
<latexit sha1_base64="qVsd0KckznNqTEpsOfwfa6WQsLk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEdNb1CuuFV3KbYOXg4VyNUYlD/7w1ikIUYkFDem57kJ+RnXJIXCeamfGky4mPIx9ixGPETjZ8tF5+xiFGtGE2TL9+9sxkNjZmFgMyGniVn1FsP/vF5Ko1s/k1GSEkbCRqw3ShWjmC36sqHUKEjNLHChpd2SiQnXXJC9SsnW91bLrkP7qupdV91mrVKv5YcowhmcwyV4cAN1uIcGtEAAwjO8wbszdJ6cF+f1J1pw8j+n8EfOxzdut4pB</latexit>

4
x2 + 4y 2 < 4
<latexit sha1_base64="gQh/prKv5FgAXSXD5UnVWxrUai8=">AAAB63icbZDNSsNAFIVv6l+tf1WXboJFEISSlKAuXBTcuKxgf7BNy2Q6aYfOTMLMRAyhT6ErUXe+jS/g2zitWWjrWX1zzxm45wYxo0o7zpdVWFldW98obpa2tnd298r7By0VJRKTJo5YJDsBUoRRQZqaakY6sSSIB4y0g8n1zG8/EKloJO50GhOfo5GgIcVIm9H9Y7925qX92pU3KFecqjOXvQxuDhXI1RiUP3vDCCecCI0ZUqrrOrH2MyQ1xYxMS71EkRjhCRqRrkGBOFF+Nt94ap+EkbT1mNjz9+9shrhSKQ9MhiM9VovebPif1010eOlnVMSJJgKbiPHChNk6smfF7SGVBGuWGkBYUrOljcdIIqzNeUqmvrtYdhlatap7XnVuvUrdyw9RhCM4hlNw4QLqcAMNaAIGAc/wBu8Wt56sF+v1J1qw8j+H8EfWxzfKZI1K</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

(0, 2) ! 02 + 4 · 22 > 4 2
<latexit sha1_base64="Oyx70ZkPs0AHI0QapzFCwdGffYQ=">AAACBHicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdelmtAgVpSQhqCspuHFZwT6gLybTaTt0kgkzN0op3erP6ErUnV/gD/g3TmsW2npW595zLtxzglhwDY7zZS0sLi2vrGbWsusbm1vb9s5uRctEUVamUkhVC4hmgkesDBwEq8WKkTAQrBoMriZ69Y4pzWV0C8OYNUPSi3iXUwJm1bYP8s6pd9xQvNcHopS8x07LO/EbtCMBey3v0m/bOafgTIHniZuSHEpRatufjY6kScgioIJoXXedGJojooBTwcbZRqJZTOiA9Fjd0IiETDdH0yhjfNSVCkOf4en82zsiodbDMDCekEBfz2qT5X9aPYHuRXPEozgBFlFjMVo3ERgknjSCO1wxCmJoCKGKmy8x7RNFKJjesia+Oxt2nlS8gntWcG78XNFPi8igfXSI8shF56iIrlEJlRFFj+gZvaF368F6sl6s1x/rgpXe7KE/sD6+AfpRlZ4=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="kF/LjkAz4wCw37IrMpbUU9pxJvs=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQtQliRuXkAiYwIT0NAV06Hmku8aETPgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCRElDrvvlFDY2t7Z3irulvf2Dw6Py8UnHxKkW2BaxivVDwA0qGWGbJCl8SDTyMFDYDaa3C7/7iNrIOLqnWYJ+yMeRHEnByY5atUG54lbdpdg6eDlUIFdzUP7sD2ORhhiRUNyYnucm5GdckxQK56V+ajDhYsrH2LMY8RCNny0XnbOLUawZTZAt37+zGQ+NmYWBzYScJmbVWwz/83opjW78TEZJShgJG7HeKFWMYrboy4ZSoyA1s8CFlnZLJiZcc0H2KiVb31stuw6dWtW7qrqteqVRzw9RhDM4h0vw4BoacAdNaIMAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj29wNYpC</latexit>

x2 + 4y 2 = 4
<latexit sha1_base64="wCscfy6o/yvsF56K4Huye3xUzEs=">AAAB63icbZDNSsNAFIVv6l+tf1WXboJFEISSlKBuhIIblxXsD7ZpmUwn7dCZSZiZiCH0KXQl6s638QV8G6c1C209q2/uOQP33CBmVGnH+bIKK6tr6xvFzdLW9s7uXnn/oKWiRGLSxBGLZCdAijAqSFNTzUgnlgTxgJF2MLme+e0HIhWNxJ1OY+JzNBI0pBhpM7p/7NfOvLRfu/IG5YpTdeayl8HNoQK5GoPyZ28Y4YQToTFDSnVdJ9Z+hqSmmJFpqZcoEiM8QSPSNSgQJ8rP5htP7ZMwkrYeE3v+/p3NEFcq5YHJcKTHatGbDf/zuokOL/2MijjRRGATMV6YMFtH9qy4PaSSYM1SAwhLara08RhJhLU5T8nUdxfLLkOrVnXPq86tV6l7+SGKcATHcAouXEAdbqABTcAg4Bne4N3i1pP1Yr3+RAtW/ucQ/sj6+AbL441L</latexit>

(0, 0) ! 02 + 4 · 02 < 4
<latexit sha1_base64="B8c3kXYy7DTBSjb5wgccXw1QOHg=">AAACBHicbZDNTgIxFIU7+If4h7p0UyUmGA3pEKIuXJC4cYmJ/CQMkk4p0NCZTto7GkLY6svoyqg7n8AX8G0sOAsF7+rrPafJPcePpDBAyJeTWlhcWl5Jr2bW1jc2t7LbOzWjYs14lSmpdMOnhksR8ioIkLwRaU4DX/K6P7ic6PU7ro1Q4Q0MI94KaC8UXcEo2FU7u58nJ+TI06LXB6q1usfktnhc8lhHwQQvSu1sjhTIdPA8uAnkUDKVdvbT6ygWBzwEJqkxTZdE0BpRDYJJPs54seERZQPa402LIQ24aY2mUcb4sKs0hj7H0/dv74gGxgwD33oCCn0zq02W/2nNGLrnrZEIoxh4yKzFat1YYlB40gjuCM0ZyKEFyrSwV2LWp5oysL1lbHx3Nuw81IoF97RArku5cikpIo320AHKIxedoTK6QhVURQw9omf0ht6dB+fJeXFef6wpJ/mzi/6M8/EN8RmVmA==</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

<latexit sha1_base64="A9b+BG+0Gr9TlwFiFpusYdty/Bo=">AAAB+3icbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqBvBTbAIFbUkJagboeDGZQX7gL6YTG/aoZOHMxNpCPFndCXqzr/wB/wbpzULtZ7VufecC/ccJ2RUSNP81HILi0vLK/nVwtr6xuaWvr3TEEHECdRJwALecrAARn2oSyoZtEIO2HMYNJ3x1VRv3gMXNPBvZRxC18NDn7qUYKlWfX3PLU1O4qPLjrjjMpn0Ksd23Kuc2mlfL5plcwZjnlgZKaIMtb7+0RkEJPLAl4RhIdqWGcpugrmkhEFa6EQCQkzGeAhtRX3sgegmswSpcegG3JAjMGbzT2+CPSFiz1EeD8uR+KtNl/9p7Ui6F92E+mEkwSfKojQ3YoYMjGkRxoByIJLFimDCqfrSICPMMZGqroKKb/0NO08albJ1VjZv7GLVzorIo310gErIQueoiq5RDdURQQ/oCb2iNy3VHrVn7eXbmtOym130C9r7Fz5tkyc=</latexit>

p
U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : x2 + 4y 2 4}
<latexit sha1_base64="1HeFFFFnYxkx4HHPQ283WoY079o=">AAACDXicbVDJSgNBFOxxjXGLevTSGIS4EGZCUBGEgBePUcwCmST0dF6SJj2L3T2SYZhv0J/Rk6g3L/6Af2Mn5qCJdar3qh68KifgTCrT/DLm5hcWl5ZTK+nVtfWNzczWdlX6oaBQoT73Rd0hEjjzoKKY4lAPBBDX4VBzBpcjvXYPQjLfu1VRAE2X9DzWZZQovWpnDisXdpwbHkcHNvOw7RLVd5z4JmkVzoetwlExahXsHtzhop20M1kzb46BZ4k1IVk0Qbmd+bQ7Pg1d8BTlRMqGZQaqGROhGOWQpO1QQkDogPSgoalHXJDNeJwpwftdX2DVBzyef3tj4koZuY72jN6V09po+Z/WCFX3rBkzLwgVeFRbtNYNOVY+HlWDO0wAVTzShFDB9JeY9okgVOkC0zq+NR12llQLeeskb14Xs6XipIgU2kV7KIcsdIpK6AqVUQVR9Iie0Rt6Nx6MJ+PFeP2xzhmTmx30B8bHN/WMmhk=</latexit>

EJ f (x, y) = x2 + 4y 2 4
frontera ⌘ x2 + 4y 2 = 4 cdo
<latexit sha1_base64="E0oo5hHPbKmnIdcaVGmmHobzX9E=">AAAB/3icbVDLSgNBEJyNrxhfqx71MJgIghB2l6BehIAXjxHMA5JNmJ30JkNmH87MBsOSg/6MnkS9+Q/+gH/jJOagiXWq7qqGrvJizqSyrC8js7S8srqWXc9tbG5t75i7ezUZJYJClUY8Eg2PSOAshKpiikMjFkACj0PdG1xN9PoQhGRReKtGMbgB6YXMZ5QoveqYh76IQgWC4EIL7hI2xPdt57Q0ajuXpULHzFtFawq8SOwZyaMZKh3zs9WNaBJAqCgnUjZtK1ZuSoRilMM410okxIQOSA+amoYkAOmm0xRjfOxHAqs+4On825uSQMpR4GlPQFRfzmuT5X9aM1H+hZuyME4UhFRbtOYnHKsIT8rAXSaAKj7ShFDB9JeY9okgVDciczq+PR92kdScon1WtG6cfLk0KyKLDtAROkE2OkdldI0qqIooekTP6A29Gw/Gk/FivP5YM8bsZh/9gfHxDfVElJ0=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="m7QDrG6jTkzb9Sm7GFvjKDkdAnw=">AAAB5HicbZDNSsNAFIVv6l+tf1WXbgaL4KokRdRlwY3LivYH2lAm05t26CQTZiZCCX0DXYm684l8Ad/GacxCW8/qm3vOwD03SATXxnW/nNLa+sbmVnm7srO7t39QPTzqaJkqhm0mhVS9gGoUPMa24UZgL1FIo0BgN5jeLPzuIyrNZfxgZgn6ER3HPOSMGju6ZyM5rNbcupuLrIJXQA0KtYbVz8FIsjTC2DBBte57bmL8jCrDmcB5ZZBqTCib0jH2LcY0Qu1n+apzchZKRcwESf7+nc1opPUsCmwmomail73F8D+vn5rw2s94nKQGY2Yj1gtTQYwki8ZkxBUyI2YWKFPcbknYhCrKjL1Lxdb3lsuuQqdR9y7r7l2j1rwoDlGGEziFc/DgCppwCy1oA4MxPMMbvDuh8+S8OK8/0ZJT/DmGP3I+vgE+k4tY</latexit>

2 2 2 2
<latexit sha1_base64="wesGzOrv3d6xCUTusSqtj6g8Pyo=">AAACDnicbZDLSsNAFIYnXmu9RV26GSyCUCxJCeqy4MZlBXuBJi2T6Wk7dHJxZqKG0HfQl9GVqDsXvoBv47RW0Naz+ud8/8D5fz/mTCrL+jQWFpeWV1Zza/n1jc2tbXNnty6jRFCo0YhHoukTCZyFUFNMcWjGAkjgc2j4w/Mxb9yAkCwKr1QagxeQfsh6jBKlVx2zeNcuF520XT523D5cY8sVrD9QRIjoFv+wCXFwxyxYJWsyeF7YU1FA06l2zA+3G9EkgFBRTqRs2VasvIwIxSiHUd5NJMSEDkkfWlqGJADpZZNQI3zYiwRWA8CT929vRgIp08DXnoCogZxl4+V/rJWo3pmXsTBOFIRUWzTrJRyrCI+7wV0mgCqeakGoYPpKTAdEEKp0g3kd354NOy/q5ZJ9UrIunULFmRaRQ/voAB0hG52iCrpAVVRDFD2gJ/SK3ox749F4Nl6+rQvG9M8e+jPG+xe7apnh</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

x + 4y 4 0 ! x + 4y 4
x2 + 4y 2 > 4
<latexit sha1_base64="EMT8mwIxqLqjIhB9Rqry++KnaPg=">AAAB63icbZDNSsNAFIVv6l+tf1WXboJFEISSlKCupODGZQX7g21aJtNJO3RmEmYmYgh9Cl2JuvNtfAHfxmnNQlvP6pt7zsA9N4gZVdpxvqzCyura+kZxs7S1vbO7V94/aKkokZg0ccQi2QmQIowK0tRUM9KJJUE8YKQdTK5nfvuBSEUjcafTmPgcjQQNKUbajO4f+7UzL+3XrrxBueJUnbnsZXBzqECuxqD82RtGOOFEaMyQUl3XibWfIakpZmRa6iWKxAhP0Ih0DQrEifKz+cZT+ySMpK3HxJ6/f2czxJVKeWAyHOmxWvRmw/+8bqLDSz+jIk40EdhEjBcmzNaRPStuD6kkWLPUAMKSmi1tPEYSYW3OUzL13cWyy9CqVd3zqnPrVepefogiHMExnIILF1CHG2hAEzAIeIY3eLe49WS9WK8/0YKV/zmEP7I+vgHNYo1M</latexit>

U
<latexit sha1_base64="X3hMuLPXgTdnOCHWW334VVptyAY=">AAAB4nicbZDNTsJAFIVv8Q/xD3XpZiIxcUVaQ9QliRuXkFgggYZMh1uYMNM2M1MT0vACujLqzkfyBXwbB+xCwbP65p4zyT03TAXXxnW/nNLG5tb2Tnm3srd/cHhUPT7p6CRTDH2WiET1QqpR8Bh9w43AXqqQylBgN5zeLfzuIyrNk/jBzFIMJB3HPOKMGjtq+8Nqza27S5F18AqoQaHWsPo5GCUskxgbJqjWfc9NTZBTZTgTOK8MMo0pZVM6xr7FmErUQb5cdE4uokQRM0GyfP/O5lRqPZOhzUhqJnrVWwz/8/qZiW6DnMdpZjBmNmK9KBPEJGTRl4y4QmbEzAJlitstCZtQRZmxV6nY+t5q2XXoXNW967rbbtSajeIQZTiDc7gED26gCffQAh8YIDzDG7w7I+fJeXFef6Ilp/hzCn/kfHwDpG+KZQ==</latexit>

2
<latexit sha1_base64="Q7fmrC2kpqNsiXfwM4Ju7m9ohEw=">AAAB+HicbZDLSgMxFIbPeK31VhVXboJFEIQyU4q6EQpuXFawF2inJZOeaUMzF5KMWIe+i65E3fkcvoBvY1pnoa3/6sv5/8A5vxcLrrRtf1lLyyura+u5jfzm1vbObmFvv6GiRDKss0hEsuVRhYKHWNdcC2zFEmngCWx6o+up37xHqXgU3ulxjG5AByH3OaPajHqFw07fl5SlD93yJK1Mzsbd8hVxeoWiXbJnIovgZFCETLVe4bPTj1gSYKiZoEq1HTvWbkql5kzgJN9JFMaUjegA2wZDGqBy09n6E3LiR5LoIZLZ+3c2pYFS48AzmYDqoZr3psP/vHai/Us35WGcaAyZiRjPTwTREZm2QPpcItNibIAyyc2WhA2pKUKbrvLmfGf+2EVolEvOecm+rRSrlayIHBzBMZyCAxdQhRuoQR0YpPAMb/BuPVpP1ov1+hNdsrI/B/BH1sc3sj6SUw==</latexit>

x
x2 + 4y 2 = 4 ! + y2 = 1
<latexit sha1_base64="Ag655EAQ5Ou6ovyrmJgKRrwpWhg=">AAAB+HicbZDNSsNAFIUn9a/Wv6i4chMsgiCUpAR1IxTcuKxgf6BNy2R60wydZMLMRK2h76IrUXc+hy/g2zitWWjrWX1zzxm49/gJo1LZ9pdRWFpeWV0rrpc2Nre2d8zdvabkqSDQIJxx0faxBEZjaCiqGLQTATjyGbT80dXUb92BkJTHt2qcgBfhYUwDSrDSo7558NCrnrrjXvXS7Qo6DBUWgt/3zbJdsWeyFsHJoYxy1fvmZ3fASRpBrAjDUnYcO1FehoWihMGk1E0lJJiM8BA6GmMcgfSy2foT6zjgwlIhWLP372yGIynHka8zEVahnPemw/+8TqqCCy+jcZIqiImOaC9ImaW4NW3BGlABRLGxBkwE1VtaJMQCE6W7KunznfljF6FZrThnFfvGLdfcvIgiOkRH6AQ56BzV0DWqowYiKEPP6A29G4/Gk/FivP5EC0b+Zx/9kfHxDf9Sko8=</latexit>

1
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X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>

2
<latexit sha1_base64="kF/LjkAz4wCw37IrMpbUU9pxJvs=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQtQliRuXkAiYwIT0NAV06Hmku8aETPgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCRElDrvvlFDY2t7Z3irulvf2Dw6Py8UnHxKkW2BaxivVDwA0qGWGbJCl8SDTyMFDYDaa3C7/7iNrIOLqnWYJ+yMeRHEnByY5atUG54lbdpdg6eDlUIFdzUP7sD2ORhhiRUNyYnucm5GdckxQK56V+ajDhYsrH2LMY8RCNny0XnbOLUawZTZAt37+zGQ+NmYWBzYScJmbVWwz/83opjW78TEZJShgJG7HeKFWMYrboy4ZSoyA1s8CFlnZLJiZcc0H2KiVb31stuw6dWtW7qrqteqVRzw9RhDM4h0vw4BoacAdNaIMAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj29wNYpC</latexit>

x2 + 4y 2 = 4
<latexit sha1_base64="wCscfy6o/yvsF56K4Huye3xUzEs=">AAAB63icbZDNSsNAFIVv6l+tf1WXboJFEISSlKBuhIIblxXsD7ZpmUwn7dCZSZiZiCH0KXQl6s638QV8G6c1C209q2/uOQP33CBmVGnH+bIKK6tr6xvFzdLW9s7uXnn/oKWiRGLSxBGLZCdAijAqSFNTzUgnlgTxgJF2MLme+e0HIhWNxJ1OY+JzNBI0pBhpM7p/7NfOvLRfu/IG5YpTdeayl8HNoQK5GoPyZ28Y4YQToTFDSnVdJ9Z+hqSmmJFpqZcoEiM8QSPSNSgQJ8rP5htP7ZMwkrYeE3v+/p3NEFcq5YHJcKTHatGbDf/zuokOL/2MijjRRGATMV6YMFtH9qy4PaSSYM1SAwhLara08RhJhLU5T8nUdxfLLkOrVnXPq86tV6l7+SGKcATHcAouXEAdbqABTcAg4Bne4N3i1pP1Yr3+RAtW/ucQ/sj6+AbL441L</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

1
<latexit sha1_base64="3tDTu3zEFoKfjqE9e90ut7xig2E=">AAAB+3icbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdSO4GSxCBS1JKepGKLhxWcE+oC8m05t26OTBzEQaQvwZXYm68y/8Af/Gac1CW8/q3HvOhXuOE3ImlWV9GUvLK6tr67mN/ObW9s6uubffkEEkKNRpwAPRcogEznyoK6Y4tEIBxHM4NJ3xzVRvPoCQLPDvVRxC1yNDn7mMEqVXffPQLU7O4tPrjisITew0mfTK53GvnPbNglWyZsCLxM5IAWWo9c3PziCgkQe+opxI2batUHUTIhSjHNJ8J5IQEjomQ2hr6hMPZDeZJUjxiRsIrEaAZ/Nvb0I8KWPP0R6PqJGc16bL/7R2pNyrbsL8MFLgU23RmhtxrAI8LQIPmACqeKwJoYLpLzEdEd2C0nXldXx7PuwiaZRL9kXJuqsUqpWsiBw6QseoiGx0iaroFtVQHVH0iJ7RG3o3UuPJeDFef6xLRnZzgP7A+PgG2f2Tjw==</latexit>

E4(4) f (x, y) =
x2 y2
Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

1
<latexit sha1_base64="3tDTu3zEFoKfjqE9e90ut7xig2E=">AAAB+3icbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdSO4GSxCBS1JKepGKLhxWcE+oC8m05t26OTBzEQaQvwZXYm68y/8Af/Gac1CW8/q3HvOhXuOE3ImlWV9GUvLK6tr67mN/ObW9s6uubffkEEkKNRpwAPRcogEznyoK6Y4tEIBxHM4NJ3xzVRvPoCQLPDvVRxC1yNDn7mMEqVXffPQLU7O4tPrjisITew0mfTK53GvnPbNglWyZsCLxM5IAWWo9c3PziCgkQe+opxI2batUHUTIhSjHNJ8J5IQEjomQ2hr6hMPZDeZJUjxiRsIrEaAZ/Nvb0I8KWPP0R6PqJGc16bL/7R2pNyrbsL8MFLgU23RmhtxrAI8LQIPmACqeKwJoYLpLzEdEd2C0nXldXx7PuwiaZRL9kXJuqsUqpWsiBw6QseoiGx0iaroFtVQHVH0iJ7RG3o3UuPJeDFef6xLRnZzgP7A+PgG2f2Tjw==</latexit>

E4(4) f (x, y) =
x2 y2
Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

2 2
<latexit sha1_base64="lbh45maAAp8PSoYW6D5JTzQP3ag=">AAAB9HicbZDLTsJAFIanXhFvRZduJhITF0paQtQdJG5cYiKXhBYyHU5hwvTizBQlDW+iK6PufBJfwLdxwC4U/FffnP+f5JzfizmTyrK+jJXVtfWNzdxWfntnd2/fLBw0ZZQICg0a8Ui0PSKBsxAaiikO7VgACTwOLW90PfNbYxCSReGdmsTgBmQQMp9RovSoZxYeu+XzSbfshHCPLeesWu2ZRatkzYWXwc6giDLVe+an049oEkCoKCdSdmwrVm5KhGKUwzTvJBJiQkdkAB2NIQlAuul89Sk+8SOB1RDw/P07m5JAykng6UxA1FAuerPhf14nUf6Vm7IwThSEVEe05yccqwjPGsB9JoAqPtFAqGB6S0yHRBCqdE95fb69eOwyNMsl+6Jk3VaKtUpWRA4doWN0imx0iWroBtVRA1H0gJ7RG3o3xsaT8WK8/kRXjOzPIfoj4+Mb3KGQFQ==</latexit>

x y 6= 0 ??

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : x2 6= y 2 }
<latexit sha1_base64="e1713/IJpY+glkdcz4kQdQeDO60=">AAACC3icbVDLSgMxFM34rPVVdekmWIQKUmZKURGEghuXVewDOm3JpLdtaCYzJhnpMPQT9Gd0JerOnT/g35jWLrT1bHJyz7lwz/FCzpS27S9rYXFpeWU1tZZe39jc2s7s7FZVEEkKFRrwQNY9ooAzARXNNId6KIH4HoeaN7gc67V7kIoF4lbHITR90hOsyyjRZtTO5CoXbpIbHsdHLhPY9Ynue15yM2oVzvGwVXAF3OHYvKN2Jmvn7QnwPHGmJIumKLczn24noJEPQlNOlGo4dqibCZGaUQ6jtBspCAkdkB40DBXEB9VMJolG+LAbSKz7gCf/396E+ErFvmc842PVrDYe/qc1It09ayZMhJEGQY3FaN2IYx3gcTG4wyRQzWNDCJXMXIlpn0hCtakvbeI7s2HnSbWQd07y9nUxWypOi0ihfXSAcshBp6iErlAZVRBFj+gZvaF368F6sl6s1x/rgjXd2UN/YH18A+8BmZk=</latexit>

1
<latexit sha1_base64="3tDTu3zEFoKfjqE9e90ut7xig2E=">AAAB+3icbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdSO4GSxCBS1JKepGKLhxWcE+oC8m05t26OTBzEQaQvwZXYm68y/8Af/Gac1CW8/q3HvOhXuOE3ImlWV9GUvLK6tr67mN/ObW9s6uubffkEEkKNRpwAPRcogEznyoK6Y4tEIBxHM4NJ3xzVRvPoCQLPDvVRxC1yNDn7mMEqVXffPQLU7O4tPrjisITew0mfTK53GvnPbNglWyZsCLxM5IAWWo9c3PziCgkQe+opxI2batUHUTIhSjHNJ8J5IQEjomQ2hr6hMPZDeZJUjxiRsIrEaAZ/Nvb0I8KWPP0R6PqJGc16bL/7R2pNyrbsL8MFLgU23RmhtxrAI8LQIPmACqeKwJoYLpLzEdEd2C0nXldXx7PuwiaZRL9kXJuqsUqpWsiBw6QseoiGx0iaroFtVQHVH0iJ7RG3o3UuPJeDFef6xLRnZzgP7A+PgG2f2Tjw==</latexit>

E4(4) f (x, y) =
x2 y2 abto
<latexit sha1_base64="42Ri1+APUAobkww63MSNTlFPzHU=">AAAB5XicbZDNSsNAFIVv/K31r+rSzWARXJWkiLosuHFZwf5AG8pkOmmGTjJh5kYooY+gK1F3vpAv4Ns4qVlo61l9c88ZuOcGqRQGXffLWVvf2NzaruxUd/f2Dw5rR8ddozLNeIcpqXQ/oIZLkfAOCpS8n2pO40DyXjC9LfzeI9dGqOQBZyn3YzpJRCgYxWJEA1SjWt1tuAuRVfBKqEOp9qj2ORwrlsU8QSapMQPPTdHPqUbBJJ9Xh5nhKWVTOuEDiwmNufHzxa5zch4qTTDiZPH+nc1pbMwsDmwmphiZZa8Y/ucNMgxv/FwkaYY8YTZivTCTBBUpKpOx0JyhnFmgTAu7JWER1ZShPUzV1veWy65Ct9nwrhrufbPeuiwPUYFTOIML8OAaWnAHbegAgwie4Q3enYnz5Lw4rz/RNaf8cwJ/5Hx8AwvVi9I=</latexit>

<
<latexit sha1_base64="lezRF8IZjEdeAb+F4p8a3Mtq+W0=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIurCRcCNywTMA5Ih9HRqkiY9D7prhBDyA7oSdecn+QP+jZ04C028q9N1b0PdClIlDbnul1NYW9/Y3Cpul3Z29/YPyodHLZNkWmBTJCrRnYAbVDLGJklS2Ek18ihQ2A7Gd3O//YjayCR+oEmKfsSHsQyl4GRHjdt+ueJW3YXYKng5VCBXvV/+7A0SkUUYk1DcmK7npuRPuSYpFM5KvcxgysWYD7FrMeYRGn+6WHTGzsJEMxohW7x/Z6c8MmYSBTYTcRqZZW8+/M/rZhTe+FMZpxlhLGzEemGmGCVs3pcNpEZBamKBCy3tlkyMuOaC7FVKtr63XHYVWhdV76rqNi4rtcv8EEU4gVM4Bw+uoQb3UIcmCEB4hjd4dwbOk/PivP5EC07+5xj+yPn4Bn8hikw=</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

2
y 2 6= 0 ??
<latexit sha1_base64="lbh45maAAp8PSoYW6D5JTzQP3ag=">AAAB9HicbZDLTsJAFIanXhFvRZduJhITF0paQtQdJG5cYiKXhBYyHU5hwvTizBQlDW+iK6PufBJfwLdxwC4U/FffnP+f5JzfizmTyrK+jJXVtfWNzdxWfntnd2/fLBw0ZZQICg0a8Ui0PSKBsxAaiikO7VgACTwOLW90PfNbYxCSReGdmsTgBmQQMp9RovSoZxYeu+XzSbfshHCPLeesWu2ZRatkzYWXwc6giDLVe+an049oEkCoKCdSdmwrVm5KhGKUwzTvJBJiQkdkAB2NIQlAuul89Sk+8SOB1RDw/P07m5JAykng6UxA1FAuerPhf14nUf6Vm7IwThSEVEe05yccqwjPGsB9JoAqPtFAqGB6S0yHRBCqdE95fb69eOwyNMsl+6Jk3VaKtUpWRA4doWN0imx0iWroBtVRA1H0gJ7RG3o3xsaT8WK8/kRXjOzPIfoj4+Mb3KGQFQ==</latexit>

x
>
<latexit sha1_base64="suzz/xb7Pe9eAC/2PkNBJlsbsDo=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIupKAm5cJmAekAyhp1OTNOl50F0jhJAf0JWoOz/JH/Bv7MRZaOJdna57G+pWkCppyHW/nMLa+sbmVnG7tLO7t39QPjxqmSTTApsiUYnuBNygkjE2SZLCTqqRR4HCdjC+m/vtR9RGJvEDTVL0Iz6MZSgFJztq3PbLFbfqLsRWwcuhArnq/fJnb5CILMKYhOLGdD03JX/KNUmhcFbqZQZTLsZ8iF2LMY/Q+NPFojN2Fiaa0QjZ4v07O+WRMZMosJmI08gse/Phf143o/DGn8o4zQhjYSPWCzPFKGHzvmwgNQpSEwtcaGm3ZGLENRdkr1Ky9b3lsqvQuqh6V1W3cVmpXeaHKMIJnMI5eHANNbiHOjRBAMIzvMG7M3CenBfn9SdacPI/x/BHzsc3gh2KTg==</latexit>

X
<latexit sha1_base64="+gervCKbyhm/Kj/E6r1oDo2GQnk=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZQ9QliRuXkMgjgQnpaQro0PNId40JmfADujLqzk/yB/wbG5yFgnd1uu7tpG4FiZKGXPfLKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl45O2iVMtsCViFetuwA0qGWGLJCnsJhp5GCjsBNO7hd95RG1kHD3QLEE/5ONIjqTgZEfN7qBccavuUmwdvBwqkKsxKH/2h7FIQ4xIKG5Mz3MT8jOuSQqF81I/NZhwMeVj7FmMeIjGz5aLztnFKNaMJsiW79/ZjIfGzMLAZkJOE7PqLYb/eb2URrd+JqMkJYyEjVhvlCpGMVv0ZUOpUZCaWeBCS7slExOuuSB7lZKt762WXYf2VdW7rrrNWqVeyw9RhDM4h0vw4AbqcA8NaIEAhGd4g3dn6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H9O4Y+cj2+o6Ypo</latexit>
Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

U = {(x, y) 2 R2 : x2 6= y 2 }
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1
<latexit sha1_base64="3tDTu3zEFoKfjqE9e90ut7xig2E=">AAAB+3icbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdSO4GSxCBS1JKepGKLhxWcE+oC8m05t26OTBzEQaQvwZXYm68y/8Af/Gac1CW8/q3HvOhXuOE3ImlWV9GUvLK6tr67mN/ObW9s6uubffkEEkKNRpwAPRcogEznyoK6Y4tEIBxHM4NJ3xzVRvPoCQLPDvVRxC1yNDn7mMEqVXffPQLU7O4tPrjisITew0mfTK53GvnPbNglWyZsCLxM5IAWWo9c3PziCgkQe+opxI2batUHUTIhSjHNJ8J5IQEjomQ2hr6hMPZDeZJUjxiRsIrEaAZ/Nvb0I8KWPP0R6PqJGc16bL/7R2pNyrbsL8MFLgU23RmhtxrAI8LQIPmACqeKwJoYLpLzEdEd2C0nXldXx7PuwiaZRL9kXJuqsUqpWsiBw6QseoiGx0iaroFtVQHVH0iJ7RG3o3UuPJeDFef6xLRnZzgP7A+PgG2f2Tjw==</latexit>

E4(4) f (x, y) =
x2 y2 abto
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<
<latexit sha1_base64="lezRF8IZjEdeAb+F4p8a3Mtq+W0=">AAAB4nicbZDLSgNBEEVr4ivGV9Slm8YguAozIurCRcCNywTMA5Ih9HRqkiY9D7prhBDyA7oSdecn+QP+jZ04C028q9N1b0PdClIlDbnul1NYW9/Y3Cpul3Z29/YPyodHLZNkWmBTJCrRnYAbVDLGJklS2Ek18ihQ2A7Gd3O//YjayCR+oEmKfsSHsQyl4GRHjdt+ueJW3YXYKng5VCBXvV/+7A0SkUUYk1DcmK7npuRPuSYpFM5KvcxgysWYD7FrMeYRGn+6WHTGzsJEMxohW7x/Z6c8MmYSBTYTcRqZZW8+/M/rZhTe+FMZpxlhLGzEemGmGCVs3pcNpEZBamKBCy3tlkyMuOaC7FVKtr63XHYVWhdV76rqNi4rtcv8EEU4gVM4Bw+uoQb3UIcmCEB4hjd4dwbOk/PivP5EC07+5xj+yPn4Bn8hikw=</latexit>

Y
<latexit sha1_base64="xRsQD+9PPKZsRwGY+cFWgAYl/PA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZY9QliRuXkMjDwIT0NDXQoeeR7hoTQvgBXRl15yf5A/6NDc5Cwbs6Xfd2UreCVElDrvvlFNbWNza3itulnd29/YPy4VHLJJkW2BSJSnQn4AaVjLFJkhR2Uo08ChS2g/Ht3G8/ojYyie9pkqIf8WEsQyk42VHjoV+uuFV3IbYKXg4VyFXvlz97g0RkEcYkFDem67kp+VOuSQqFs1IvM5hyMeZD7FqMeYTGny4WnbGzMNGMRsgW79/ZKY+MmUSBzUScRmbZmw//87oZhTf+VMZpRhgLG7FemClGCZv3ZQOpUZCaWOBCS7slEyOuuSB7lZKt7y2XXYXWRdW7qrqNy0rtMj9EEU7gFM7Bg2uowR3UoQkCEJ7hDd6dgfPkvDivP9GCk/85hj9yPr4BqmeKaQ==</latexit>

2
y 2 6= 0 ??
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x
<latexit sha1_base64="4BcG8zB34fBvc34X8oLJyv3dMQQ=">AAAB5XicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm8EiuLEkUtSNUHDjsoK9QBvKZHrSDp1cmJmIIfQRdCXqzhfyBXwbJzULbf1X35z/Hzj/8WLBlbbtL6u0srq2vlHerGxt7+zuVfcPOipKJMM2i0Qkex5VKHiIbc21wF4skQaewK43vcn97gNKxaPwXqcxugEdh9znjOp8lF6fPQ6rNbtuz0WWwSmgBoVaw+rnYBSxJMBQM0GV6jt2rN2MSs2ZwFllkCiMKZvSMfYNhjRA5WbzXWfkxI8k0RMk8/fvbEYDpdLAM5mA6ola9PLhf14/0f6Vm/EwTjSGzESM5yeC6IjklcmIS2RapAYok9xsSdiESsq0OUzF1HcWyy5D57zuXNTtu0at2SgOUYYjOIZTcOASmnALLWgDgwk8wxu8W2PryXqxXn+iJav4cwh/ZH18A5wzi4k=</latexit>

y= x y=x
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>
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U
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y 2 = x2 ! y = ±x
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par de rectas que se cortan


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X
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frontera
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Campos escalares TEMA 2:
Abiertos y cerrados. Frontera CAMPOS ESCALARES
Gráfica de un campo escalar Andrés Jiménez Losada
Campos continuos Matemática Aplicada II. ETSI. US.

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p
1 x2 y 2
E4(7) f (x, y) =
x2 + y 2
Y
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