Based on the provided information, it can be concluded that HDL has been

performing well in terms of profitability over the past five years. The gross profit
margin has been consistently increasing indicating that the company has been
able to manage its cost of goods sold efficiently while increasing its sales. This is
a positive of its

indicating that the company has been able to manage its cost of goods sold
efficiently while increasing its sales. This is a positive trend for HDL as it indicates
that the company is able to generate more profits from its sales.

Moreover, the increasing net profit margin is also a positive sign for the company
as it indicates that HDL is able to reduce its indirect costs, such as overhead
expenses, with economies of scale. This indicates that the company is becoming
more efficient in its operations and is generating more profits from its sales.

The fluctuation in the return on equity and return on total assets over the past five
years can be attributed to the increase in share capital and assets, respectively.
The increase in share capital through bonus shares reflects the company's
intention for growth and retention of profits. The fluctuation in return on total
assets is due to the major increments in assets made by the company over the
past five years.

Overall, HDL's profitability ratios have been growing over the period of time. The
company is able to increase its profit margins and provide increasing returns on
investments. However, it is important to note that a sensitivity analysis should be
conducted to assess the impact of external factors, such as economic conditions
and industry competition, on the company's financial performance.

Based on the new information provided, HDL's current ratio has remained over 1.5
for the past five years, indicating that the company has enough current assets to
cover its current liabilities. Moreover, there has been a significant improvement in
the current ratio in Fiscal year 2020/21 and Fiscal year 2021/22, with the current
ratio reaching 6.32 and 8.36, respectively. However, a very high current ratio may
indicate that the company is not handling its working capital efficiently, which
could impact its profitability and growth potential. It is important for HDL to
ensure that it is utilizing its current assets effectively and efficiently to generate
maximum returns.

The quick ratio of HDL has also remained favorable over the past five years, with
an average quick ratio of 3.29. A quick ratio over 1 is considered a good quick
ratio, and HDL has consistently maintained a quick ratio above this level.
Additionally, the company's cash ratio is very high, indicating that it has a good
cash position and is able to pay its debts.
Overall, HDL's liquidity ratios, including the current ratio, quick ratio, and cash
ratio, show that the company has a strong liquidity position and is less risky in
terms of its ability to meet its short-term obligations. However, it is important for
the company to continue to manage its current assets effectively and efficiently to
maintain its liquidity position and support its growth and profitability over the
long-term.

To conduct a sensitivity analysis of financial ratios based on the provided numeric data,
we can vary different input parameters and observe how the output ratios change in
response. Here are some examples:

Debt-to-Equity Ratio: This ratio shows the proportion of debt financing compared to
equity financing. It can be sensitive to changes in the amount of debt or equity on the
balance sheet. For example, if the company takes on more debt, the debt-to-equity ratio
will increase, which may indicate higher financial risk. On the other hand, if the company
issues more equity, the ratio will decrease, indicating a lower level of financial leverage.

Return on Equity (ROE): This ratio measures the return generated by the company's
equity investments. It can be sensitive to changes in the net income or equity value. For
example, if the company increases its net income while keeping the same equity, the
ROE will increase. Conversely, if the equity value decreases while net income remains
constant, the ROE will decrease.

Current Ratio: This ratio shows the company's ability to pay its short-term obligations
with its short-term assets. It can be sensitive to changes in the level of current assets
and liabilities. For example, if the company experiences an increase in its accounts
receivable or inventory levels, the current ratio may decrease, indicating a potential
liquidity risk.

Gross Profit Margin: This ratio measures the percentage of revenue that remains after
deducting the cost of goods sold. It can be sensitive to changes in the cost of goods sold
or revenue. For example, if the cost of goods sold increases, the gross profit margin will
decrease, which may indicate lower profitability.

Price to Earnings (P/E) Ratio: This ratio measures the company's stock price relative to
its earnings per share (EPS). It can be sensitive to changes in the company's EPS or
stock price. For example, if the company's earnings increase while the stock price
remains the same, the P/E ratio will decrease, indicating that the stock is relatively
undervalued.

Overall, sensitivity analysis of financial ratios can provide valuable insights into the
potential risks and opportunities associated with different financial metrics. By analyzing
how different ratios respond to changes in input parameters, investors can make more
informed investment decisions.

1st April 2023

ERM

● Mistakes in VPC
○ Creating profiles through the lens of VP
○ Focusing on the functional jobs
○ Trying to address every customer pains and gains
○ Mixing several customers in one canvas
● Identifying high value jobs
○ Is it important for the customers?
○ Is it tangible? Can you feel the pain?
○ Is the customer unsatisfied?
○ Are there enough people with the same job to be done? If less people,
are they willing to pay a premium price?
● Value proposition
○ Our_______ helps ___________ who want to __________ by
_____________ and _____________________________.
 ○ Our customized meal plan helps working professionals who want to
experience a personalized nutritious solution by tailoring our meals
to each individual’s unique diet and preferences and promoting a
healthy lifestyle.
● Address a pain point
● Who want to pachi chai what is the key activities (jobs to be done)

Acting as a mediator between insurance companies and the clients to provide hassle free
insurance claim services with a minimum required effort from the client side.

10 Testing principles

Test early research later

Problems
● Difficult to find a affordable restaurant with healthy food and ambience.
● Non availability of organic groceries with affordable price
● Difficult to find a perfect job for the long term

Group B problems
● Pollution
● No efficient public transportation
● Proper health insurance
● No valuation of property services

No proper claim mechanism - medical insurance

Build a business model of wow popcorn
Business model canvas - capturing the value
Do you want to differentiate or do you want to create a customized service

18th March 2023

Two cases where IRR is not considered to be a good method

Ranking projects that offer diff patterns of cashflows over the time
 ● Crossing the chasm

Value Proposition canvas of Baby Toon

● $50,000 in exchange of 50% of the company
● Problem - parents concerned that babies can poke or stab with the regular designed
spoon that are long and sharp designed
● Baby toon easier for the baby to hold and feed themselves. Made from 100% silicon
which is safe and works great for teething.
● Cost - $6.60 cents and sell it for $15

Customer Profile

Target Customer Segment: Parents and young children

Customer Needs: Safe, easy-to-use feeding utensils that are gentle on babies gums and teeth;
fun and educational feeding experiences that engage babies and help them learn; products that
are affordable and easy to clean and maintain.
Customer Jobs: Feeding and caring for their babies and young children; helping their children
learn and develop; finding and purchasing products that are safe, effective, and affordable.
Value Map

Product/Service: The Baby Toon a soft, 100% FDA-grade silicone feeding spoon with a
patented design that is safe and gentle for babies and young children to use. The spoon has
rounded edges and a short neck that limits how far it can enter a baby's mouth, making it easy
for babies and parents to hold and use. The spoon also features colorful designs with shapes
and animals that engage and entertain babies while they eat.
Pain Relievers: The Baby Toon relieves parents concerns about their babies safety during
feeding; it is gentle on babies' gums and teeth, reducing discomfort and pain during feeding; the
spoon's design makes it easy for parents and caregivers to feed babies and young children,
reducing frustration and stress during mealtimes.
Gain Creators: The Baby Toon helps babies learn and develop by engaging them with fun
designs and educational shapes and animals during feeding; it is affordable and easy to clean
and maintain, saving parents time and money; it is a unique and innovative product that stands
out from traditional feeding utensils.

Customer Segment:
Individuals who want to have more convenience and functionality in their clothing by having
pockets, especially those who struggle with carrying their phone or other small items.
Value Proposition:

Customer Jobs:

Provides functional and stylish pockets in clothing items such as socks and leggings, allowing
customers to carry their phone or other small items hands-free.
Offers a socially responsible business model by giving away a free pair of socks to a homeless
child for every pair of Wise Pocket socks purchased.
Appeals to customers who prioritize supporting innovative and socially responsible businesses.
Pain Points:

Customers may struggle with carrying their phone or other small items while engaging in
activities that require both hands, such as exercising or traveling.
Customers may be frustrated with the lack of pockets in their clothing items and have to carry a
bag or purse to hold their items.
Customers may feel compelled to support socially responsible businesses but struggle to find
ones that offer functional products that meet their needs.
Gains:

Improved convenience and functionality in everyday life by having a place to store small items
while keeping hands-free.
Increased support for innovative and socially responsible businesses that are making a
difference in the world.
Enhanced style and fashion choices by incorporating functional pockets into everyday clothing
items.
11th March 2023 Entrepreneurship

● Understanding future customers

● Value proposition canvas

● What are the products and services that can make your customer’s lives easier?
 ● Customer profile - customer point of view
○ Jobs to be done
○ Gains
○ Pains
● Value map
○ Products and services
○ Gain creators
○ Pain relievers
● Touch up cup - Shark tank - solving the problem of storage
○ Described the pain
○ What is the job to be done? Pain ponts - gain points and how they address the
solution
● Assignment - watch 3 shark tank videos and create a value proposition canvas
● Critical success factors - if you are able to address these you can gain the competitive
advantage
● Critical success factors are the inputs for strategy canvas
● The four actions framework

Business model Canvas: Ceres

● Feasibility - Can we build it?

● Desirability - Do customers want it?
● Viability
SM 10th March 2023

● Jay Barley - sustainable competitive advantage - organizational support - dynamic

● Test the resources and capabilities with 4 things
○ Valuable
○ Unique - rare capability with the company - competitive parity - not unique but if
you remove it out of the system it will affect the business
● EG: Nokia - hardware - to extract SIM - 25k collateral bc nokia system was expensive.
Tagline: connecting people but they did not want to move further. But apple understood
this and developed both strong hardware and software
● At that time if Nokia received organizational support maybe they would still have the
competitive advantage
● NCELL - everything else does not matter, what is important is the brand value -
everything else is competitive parity - only have 500 staff, everything else is outsourced.
Their growth strategy is just to spend a lot of money on marketing.
● An organization’s whole strategy plan can change if you look at the core capabilities and
competencies that can be dynamic in nature which can give sustainable competitive
advantage.
● Resource based view - Barney - identify opp and threats in the market and then you
position yourself to grab those opp to the maximum level. As a strategist, always choose
one theory either RBV or IOV while solving problems of the stakeholders.
● Facebook - massive data points -
● KFC claimed KKFC - outlet same
●
● VIRO Analysis
CP class 3rd March 2023

● Citations are necessary - where did the data source come from?
● Evaluate first recommend last
● Focus on overall issues not only marketing
● Change the title
● Trend study garne hospilaltiy service, price they are payin where does this research fit
in.
● Focus on marketing. Recreation kasari basiracha,. Literature theory, know the demand,
location analysis what are the things the location has to offer. Consumer behavior, what
they are actually looking for.
 Regarding your question about the political impact of Unilever, it is important to note that
Unilever is a multinational corporation that operates in many countries around the world. As a
result, its operations and decisions can have political implications in various countries.

The fact that Unilever is incorporated under the laws of England and Wales and subject to
corporate governance requirements and best practice codes in the UK, the Netherlands, and
the US can be seen as a positive aspect in terms of transparency and accountability. However,
it also means that Unilever is subject to the political and regulatory environments in those
countries.

In addition, as a large corporation, Unilever has the ability to influence political decisions
through lobbying and other means. For example, it may lobby for certain policies that benefit its
business interests or for regulations that align with its values, such as sustainability.

Moreover, Unilever's business activities and practices can also have political implications. For
instance, its commitment to conducting operations in accordance with internationally accepted
principles of good corporate governance and its Code of Business Principles may influence the
political discourse on corporate responsibility and sustainability.

Overall, the political impact of Unilever is complex and multifaceted, and can vary depending on
the country and context in which it operates.

https://www.unilever.com/news/press-and-media/press-releases/2022/delivering-consistency-in-
challenging-conditions/
https://accid.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Unilever-cas-empresa.pdf
https://panmore.com/unilever-pestel-pestle-analysis-recommendations
https://wiselancer.net/pestle-analysis-of-unilever/
https://www.swotandpestle.com/unilever/
https://www.mbaskool.com/pestle-analysis/companies/18029-hul-hindustan-unilever-limited.html
https://freepestelanalysis.com/pestel-analysis-of-unilever/
https://www.slideshare.net/manhar4/swot-pestel-analysis-of-hulpptx

Unilever is a British-Dutch multinational consumer goods company that operates in the Asia
region, which includes countries such as India, China, Japan, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam,
among others. Unilever has been operating in the Asia region for over a century and has a
significant presence in the region.

Unilever's Asia region is the company's largest market, accounting for a significant portion of its
global revenue. The region is also one of the fastest-growing markets for Unilever, with a
growing middle class and increasing demand for consumer goods.
Unilever's portfolio in the Asia region includes well-known brands such as Axe, Dove, Lipton,
Lifebuoy, Knorr, Lux, Pepsodent, Rexona, Sunsilk, and Surf Excel, among others. The company
offers a wide range of products in various categories, including personal care, home care, and
food and beverages.

Unilever's commitment to sustainability is also reflected in its operations in the Asia region,
where it has implemented various initiatives aimed at reducing its environmental impact and
promoting sustainable practices. The company has set ambitious targets to reduce its carbon
footprint, reduce waste, and promote sustainable agriculture in the region.

Overall, Unilever's presence in the Asia region is significant, and the company's commitment to
sustainability and innovation has helped it maintain its position as a leading player in the
consumer goods market in the region.

Unilever Asia Private Limited (UAPL) is a subsidiary of Unilever, a British-Dutch multinational

consumer goods company. UAPL operates in the Asia region and is responsible for the
manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of Unilever's products in the region.

UAPL was established in India in 1933 and has since expanded its operations to other countries
in the Asia region, including Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bhutan. The
company's portfolio includes well-known brands such as Dove, Lipton, Lifebuoy, Knorr, Lux,
Pepsodent, Rexona, Sunsilk, and Surf Excel, among others.

UAPL has a significant presence in the Asia region and is one of the leading players in the
consumer goods market in the region. The company's commitment to sustainability is reflected
in its operations, and it has implemented various initiatives aimed at reducing its environmental
impact and promoting sustainable practices.

In addition to its focus on sustainability, UAPL has also been recognized for its innovation and
has received several awards for its products and packaging designs. The company's strong
brand portfolio, focus on sustainability, and commitment to innovation have helped it maintain its
position as a leading player in the consumer goods market in the Asia region.

The article on "Strategic Drivers for the Fourth Industrial Revolution" can be related to a
PESTEL analysis, as it discusses various external factors that are shaping the global economy
and society.

The strategic drivers identified in the article can be mapped to the PESTEL framework as
follows:
Digital transformation: This strategic driver is closely related to the technological factor in the
PESTEL analysis. Digital technologies such as artificial intelligence and IoT are transforming
industries and markets and impacting business operations.

Globalization: This strategic driver is related to the economic factor in the PESTEL analysis. The
rise of globalization is affecting economic growth, trade policies, and competition in different
markets.

Demographic changes: This strategic driver is related to the social factor in the PESTEL
analysis. Demographic changes such as aging populations are affecting consumer behavior,
labor markets, and social policies.

Environmental sustainability: This strategic driver is related to the environmental factor in the
PESTEL analysis. Environmental challenges such as climate change are affecting business
operations, regulations, and consumer preferences.

Social responsibility: This strategic driver is also related to the social factor in the PESTEL
analysis. Consumers are demanding more ethical and responsible behavior from businesses,
which is impacting corporate social responsibility practices.

Therefore, the strategic drivers for the fourth industrial revolution can be analyzed through the
PESTEL framework to understand how these external factors are impacting businesses and
industries. The PESTEL analysis can help businesses to identify opportunities and threats in the
external environment and develop strategies to respond to these drivers effectively.

Introduction to the Company