72 JOUR.

OF UFO STUDIE, Vol I

A SEARCH FOR POSIBLE CAUSL

ASOCITN BETWN UFOs
& PERTUBAIONS IN RECOD
GEOPHYSICAL DAT

J.S Aceta

Albuqer, NM

ABSTRC
This paer presnt the result of an extnsiv phenomlgica search for pertubaions in
recod geophysical dat in time coinde with 73 hig quality UFO repots The dat
searchd includes solar, ionspherc, and geomantic recodings routinely archived at the World
Dat Centr, Boulder, Colrad. Conclusi are presntd tha bear upon the phcnomelgia
asocitn of UFO evnts to physical measurbl quanties. No absolutey consite trends
are found, howevr, sevral posible asocitn are noted

INTRODUC coneptual framewok tha the scien are

Irespctiv of their ultimae ori acustomed to dealing with. Scientf pro
gins, unidetf flying object (UFO) repots gres depns upon linkage to a physical
can be legitmay categorizd as a world measurbl quantiy. One canot expct
wide phenom. The phenomlgy of otherwis.
UFOs have, in the main, elud clasi A comn misconept whic has
scientf investgao primaly becaus of becom instuoalzed and nearly herdi
the anecdotl, spectaulr, and someti tary is tha scien can deal with evrything.
thearicl charte of the acounts and Ther are things tha our curent levs of
secondly, becaus of their ephmral natures. scien and technolgy canot deal with.
Fortunaely, ther are suficent numbers of This is fortuis in some respct becaus it
motivaed scient to whom contrvesy and provides scient with something to do, and
delibrat contrivae pose no major obsta it may wel be tha the UFO phenom
cles. The second problem, howevr, presnt fals withn this category, but tha does not
a rathe formidable chaleng to scien imply no-existc, nor does it provide cir
simply becaus of the transioy and elusiv cumstanil tesimony by way of default to
nature of the evnts whic are toaly out of the often sugetd extrasil origns of
the contrl of the exprimnt and conse the phenoma. It is difcult to comprehnd
quently notriusly difcult to deal with. If tha UFOs, if physical, do not interac with
scientf proges is to be made on whatevr their surondig in a way tha is measur
physical tribuesa the UFO may pose, then able. Inde, if it is physical it must interac
it must be cleary establihd beyond any in some fashion and at least a thread of
doubt tha the phenom is manifestly physical quantifco aprt from the mental
physical and can be acomdte withn the transcip of the witnes must exist, how-
 Aceta
73

soevr slendr. The laws of nature have PUROSE

hertof ben largey enforcd and eithr The purose of this efort was to
reconilat or refutaion must evntualy condut an intesv search for corbative
come to pas. asocitn or pertubaions in routinely re
corde geophysical dat archived at the World
BACKGROUND Dat Centr^ and mainted the U.S De
The idea tha the UFO might be partmen of Comerc, Nationl Oceani and
establihd as a physical entiy with mea Atmospheric Adminstrao (NOA).
surable proetis by condutig an instru In excs of 65 categoris of geo
mentd search goes back at least 20 years to physical dat includg solar and interpla
Edwar Rupelt1 when a group of scient etary phenoma, ionsphec and geomantic
working on their own aprently found some phenoma and cosmi ray dat are routinely
intersg corelatins betwn suden in recod at site throug the world. This
creas in nuclear raditon levs and rad- dat is coletd and archived at sevral
visual sightn of UFOs. French astrophy locatins and made avilbe to intersd
sict Vale2 recomnd to private UFO scient throug NOA.
resach tha observatin networks be In the course of a coletiv efort
formed. Such networks wer formed in of this magnitude, some justifcaon exist if
Britan and France but di not yield fruitl only on the basi of sher probailty, tha
result for reason aprently not conetd the disturbance of a UFO, if any, could have
with the phenom.3'4 KocherS tn an in ben inadvertly recod and stored in the
ternal Rand Corpatin document recom archives of the World Dat Centr. Furthe,
mend tha "existng senor recods be ex- by the same reasonig, some asocitn
mined for anomlies." In tesimony befor the betwn the UFO phenoma and the geo
comite on Scien and Astronauic in physical enviromt may be discover.
July of 1968*7 made an esntialy identcal Two esntial asumption form the basi of
recomndati. The ned for instrumeal this search: tha such disturbance or asoc-
dat was agin voiced in the Cond Report latons exist and tha ther is a reasonbl
by Aycr.8 probailty of detcion of those relationshp.
Reports of physical efcts of UFOs A third varible apers in the
are vaned9 but quite often alude to elc problem and tha is the reliabty of the UFO
tromagneic disturbance as the cause for sightn in genral. This topic is discue tn
repotd ignto and lightn sytem failures detail in the folwing section.J6
in autombiles. Taking one such repot
seriouly, Wod10 caluted a magnetic field SELCTION OF EVNTS
of 106 gaus could have ben responibl for The task of selction of sightn
an aprent polariztn efct repotd by was indeptly undertak by a comite
an ey-witns. In other acounts1'2- time under the supervion of the Centr for UFO
coindes betwn UFO sightn and Studies utilzng the computerizd files of
fluctaions in magnetor traces have UF0CAT.*7
ben repotd. Oswald13 condute a 20 One hundre hig reliabty sightn
month survey in Exetr, NH utilzng sevral wer requstd tha met the olwingf gen
homead magnetors of "hig senit eral critea:
vity. Out of more than sevnty sightn, 2 a. Entry based on a first-hand writ
wer repotd as recoding a magnetic dis ten repot of an on-thesc investgao,
turbance in time coinde with a UFO of the equivalnt.
sightn. In what is the most reliab and b. Date of evnt to be 1957 or later.
encouragi work to date, Poher^ showed a c. Year, month, date, hour, and
staicl corelatin of 0.58 betwn UFO minute dat fields are complet.
evnts and the vertical compnet of the d. Absenc of flags indcatg un
geomantic field as recod at Chambon-le certainy or know ero in date and time
Forct Geophysical Staion in France. Unfor fields.
tunaely, with the excption of the last cited e. Geographic locatin of evnt is
refnc, reots of measurd magnetic know.
disturbance in time coinde with UFO f. Event located withn the 48
sightn arc porly document. contieal United Staes.
74 Aceta

g. Multipe witnes involed. . SOURCE OF REPOT

h. Type of repot specif a min 1. Investiga files: 49 (67.1%, from 5
mu strange lev of 4 (object moved in governmt or private groups plus 3 indv
a no-ctius trajecoy, with more than duals. '
one discontuy). 2. UFO journals: 13 (17.8%), from 3 difernt
1. Absenc of a "posible, probale, tiles.
or defint" convetial explantio for the 3. First editon boks: 9 (12.3%), from 3
repot based on the investgao. difernt tiles.
The folwing is a sumary of the 4. Comite and clipng files: 1 repot
selction proces. each (2.8%)
The first stage in this study was the
preation of a working list of "quality UFO . LOCATIN BY STAE
repots with precisly know times and loca (Prefnc was given to repots from in
tions. UFOCAT was querid to produce a list vestigaor whose work is know to mebrs
of 10 repots with certain critea, includg of the comite. This afectd the geo
precis repoting times. The resulting list was graphicl distrbuon somewhat).
reviwd and intersg repots chekd a- Californ - 17
gainst the orignal source for completns Texas - 7
and acury; aditonl informat found Penyslvai - 5
was ade to the UFOCAT entris. The list Arizona - 4
was then reun with a more stringe set of Ohio - 4
minu repot critea. The orignal inte North Carolin - 3
was to limt the working list to multipe New Mexico - 3
witnes case, but in the course of reviw, it Nine aditonl stae had 2 repots each, and
was found tha some intersg repots with 12 stae had 1 repot each. A toal of 28
various kinds of instrumed subtanio stae are repsntd among the 73 repots.
had only a single human witnes. Therfo
the list was printed in two parts: Part 1 — . YEAR AND MONTH
multipe witnes case only, UFOCAT type 3 Every year from 1957 to 197 is repsntd
and above, and Part 2 — single or unspecifd excpt 1962, 1963, 196, and 1970. The
number of witnes to UFOCAT type 5 and largest number for any one month is 4 repots
above alegd evnts. This proces consider from April, 1975. Reports repsnt 52
about 0,6 UFOCAT case and selctd 104. difernt months wel scaterd over the 20.5
in Part 1 and 48 in Part 2. List and year period.
background informat wer distrbue to
mebrs of a reviw comite. . TIME OF DAY
The goal of the comite was not (Prefnc was given to daylight repots. In
to find indvual repots hat would prove to tha respct the working list is atypicl of
be unidetfabl after unlimted investga the repot poulatin in genral. The ex
tion, nor to produce a list of the "10 best pectd evnig peak remains, howevr).
repots" but to cul the printed list to
produce a very hig "signal to noise ratio" Local Time Reports
repot list with acurte time and locatin OI - 02 9
dat. Each repot was reviwd and discue 021 - O4 6
in turn. (In aditon to intmae knowledg of O4I - 06 4
the UFO literau, familrty with UFOCAT 061 - 08 1

coding convetis was a factor in selcting 081 - 10 4

the comite). Marginl case wer delt 10 - 120 5
from Part 1, and strong case wer ade 120 - 140 2
from Part 2. Althoug 10 repots wer 140 - 16O 3
requstd, the comite di not atemp to I60 - 18O 6
fil a quota. The final count for the working I80 - 20 8
list is 73 repots, the number of selctd 20OI - 20 17

repots was alowed to sek its own lev. 201 - 0 8

The folwing is a descripton of the
working list:
Aceta

♦ REPOT STRANGE repots. UFOCAT types i and 2 wer not

(Prefnc was given to hig strange consider in computer selction.)

UFOCAT Type Descripton/Sag

7 9.6 Single discontuy of motin

6 8.2 Multipe discontuy of motin
46 63.0 Close encoutr
9 12.3 Landig
4 5- Ocupant
—
Contac
I 1.4 Abduction

73 10.

. REPOT FEATURS 6 4
(Prefnc was given to repots with inter 9 1
esting featurs.) 12 1
sevral 1
Featurs aidng in documentai: numeros 8
Instrumeaio 6 unspecifd 2
Radr 8
(includg 5 rad-visul & 3 multipe 73
rad)
Phots 4 (A normal repot distrbuon would be about
Indept witnes 15 50% single witnes case.)
Witnes1 sketch 8
. DURATION OF SIGHTN
Efects:
Physical traces 7 Minutes
Electromagni efcts 7
Animal efcts 3 Below 0.5 4
0.5 - 1 2
Psycholgia efcts 2
1 - 5 14
Descriptv featurs: 7
Disc shape 19 10 - 15 4
Noise or sound 5 15-20 7
Acrobatis 4 20-6 3
Chasing, pacing 4 above 60 8

. NUMBER OF WITNES Total 49

(Single witnes case wer consider only if
other factors wer espcialy favorble.) The duration of the sightn was unkow for
the remaing 24 case. This distrbuon
Witnes Reports difers dramticly from the normal repot
1
4 poulatin, whic has about half the repots
2 30 at one minute or les. Absenc of very short
3 7 durations has ben shown to be a charte
4 8 istc of list of unidetf repots. The
5 2 automed computer search was not
76 Aceta

progamed for selction on the basi of consider in the selction of dat categoris
repot duration, but this factor was consi whic, agin, becam a mater of avilbty.
der by the screnig comite. Of note In spite of thes limtaons the final result
was the conetrai of very long duration repsnt a reasonbl sampling of genric
case in the final list. It is posible tha clase of phenom both on a loca and
rad, phot, instrumed observatin, and world-ie basi.
other prefd repot featurs tend to be The list of UFO repots was pre
long duration case. pared indeptly of the dat search by
other investgaor, the author having no
. NUMBER OF OBJECTS REPOTD input whatsoevr in the selction of the
sightn. Furthe, the author is, with the
Reports excption of one or two case, unfamilr
with the details of thes evnts. The coner
I 59 80.7 was with the date, time, and locatin of the
2 4 5- evnt, other details wer temporaily dem
3 6 8.2 irelvant.
4 i 1.4
6 i 1.4
THE DAT CATEGORIS
14 i 1.4
The folwing categoris of recod
54 i 1.4
geophysical dat wer examind for posible
73 10. time coindes with the sightn list. A
"time coinde" is defin as a corelatin
This distrbuon is belivd to be roughly the betwn a UFO sightn and a fluctaion in
same as the genral repot poulatin. the recod dat. The actul intervals for
In sumary each repot has indv use in the declartion of a time coinde
dualy survied a seri of computerizd range from sevral minutes to 24 hours, the
selction tes and a final reviw by a later necsitad by some dat, sunpot
comite of indvuals exprincd in the numbers, for exampl, being repotd only on
field. Some of the repots have intersg a daily basi. To include this type of
credntials such as being Project Bluebok asocitn, the time windo of inters was
"unkows. While it canot be ascertind widen acordingly.
tha a working list consit of "genui UFOs" Over the aproximtely 20 years of
the profile of the list is higly consite with dat avilbty, the repoting formats and
other groups of truly puzling repots. The types of dat being repotd and compiled,
variety of repot types repsntd miros progesivly evold. Staions ceas opera
the multi-faced nature of the UFO problem, tions and others begin. The quantiy of dat
and the list is wel distrbue in time and is imens and the formats and explantios
locatin. It can be reasonbly asertd tha in some case complex. The folwing ab
the working list selctd is aproite to the breviatons wil be used throug the re
methodlgy of the instrumed dat search. mainder of this paer and indcate a genric
clas of instrumeal dat. More detail
THE DAT SEARCH explantios and repoting procedus arc
This dat search aproches the avilbe in the literau. 1®»I9 Examples
problem from a phenomlgica point of from selctd case are given in the Apen
view rathe than a staicl one. It is dix.
esntialy a "first lok" proces whic might
serv to identfy those phenoma, if any, . SFL - SOLAR FLARES
tha merit furthe investgao. Time coin A short lived increas in the intesy of
cident evnts in a loca rathe than a world raditon emitd in the neighbord of
wide sen wer consider to be first prio sunpot. They are charteizd by a rise
ity items of inters. In practie, this was not time of sevral minutes and decay time on
alwys posible so tha the final result the orde of tens of minutes. Optical flares
repsnt a comprise betwn the two; are genraly acompnied by radio and x-ray
being largey a mater of dat avilbty. In burst and ocasinly by hig enrgy par
al, 17 difernt categoris of dat wer ticle emison. Time coindes with flares
examind, not al of whic wer avilbe for consider only the imedat compnet (10
each sightn. No a prio expctaions wer m.) of elctromagni raditon. Delayd
Aceta 7

efcts wer not consider. gions of lower temprau and hig magnetic
field genraly exhibtng an 1 year period
♦ SRE - SOLAR RADIO EVNTS (FIXED city. Most spot aper in groups and this is
FREQUNCY) taken into acount when defing the sunpot
Thes are defin as increas or urstb in number index. Thes dat are repotd on a
solar radio emison ocuring in conjuti daily basi in terms of the American relativ
with sunpot. Observation are made at a sunpot number and provisnal Zurich sunpot
number of difernt frequncis in the elc numbers.
tromagneic spectrum.
. REV - RIOMET EVNTS
. SRE - SOLAR RADIO EVNTS (SPECTRAL A riomet measur the bsorptivea proe
OBSERVATIN) ties of the ionspher by monitrg changes
As the above excpt a wide range of fre in the incdet cosmi noise at a single
quencis are monitred simultaneoy. frequncy, usaly at 20, 30 or 60 Mhz.
0
Events are defin as large changes in the
. SFLX - SOLAR FLUX absorptin proces.
Flux densit in units of io"2 w M~2 Hz"1 at
280 MHz of the toal radio emison from . PMS - PRINCAL MAGNETIC STORM
the solar disk are measurd at loca no in A geomantic storm is a worldie transie
Otaw. variton in the geomantic field.

. IE - IONSPHERC EFCTS .SMI - SUDEN MAGNETIC IMPULSE

A compilatn of sevral phenoma includg Simlar to the suden coment phase
short wave fadeouts, enhacmt of low of a magnetic storm but of smaler amplitude.
frequncy atmospheric and increas in cos They are not folwed by main phase storm.
mic absorptin.
. SC - SUDEN COMENTS
. GAI - GEOMANTIC ACTIVY INDEX The intal phase of a magnetic storm.
This dat is refd to in terms of the K
index and is a measur of the disturbance in . SFLE - SOLAR LAREF EFCTS
the Earth's magnetic field. The index is Enhaced lower ionspherc lomzatin from
detrmin at 3 hour intervals from the solar flare x-rays resulting in varitons in the
magnetic field measurnt at various sta geomantic field.
tions after coretin for lunar, solar, and
solar flare efcts. The index is defin as . SID - SUDEN IONSPHERC DISTURB
the difernc betwn the maxiu and ANCES
minu values of the field compnet dur Thes evnts are usaly atribued to solar
ing tha interval. As an exampl, if the flare elctromagni raditon incdet on
excursion of the compnets in gams are the ionspher. SID's are observd on the
betwn: sunlit hemispr and ocur almost simul
taneously with visual flare observatin.
0 - 5 then K = 0

5 " 10 then K = 1 . SP - SOLAR PROTNS

TO - 20 then K = 2 Signfcat numbers of charged particles are
20 - 40 then K = 3 acelrtd at the Sun during many solar
40 - 70 then K = 4 flares. Some of thes particles are sube
70 - 120 then K = 5 quently detc withn the interplay
mediu and at the Earth. The few dat
. CRI - COSMI RAY INDCES points repotd herin are from sateli
This dat is a measur of neutro or meson observatin.
compnets of the cosmi ray flux incdet
at ground lev. It is genraly repotd in . FPLT - F - PLOTS
bi-hourly intervals. Many of the charteis scaled from bot-
tomside swept frequncy longrams are pre
. SNB - SUNPOT NUMBERS sentd in graphicl form caled f-plots. Of
Sunspot are opticaly dark (by contras to the particul inters is fbEs, the blanketig
surondig solar surface) photseric re frequncy of the E layer often asocited
78 Aceta

with a layer of anomlus lonizat refd *FPLT, Ft. Monmuth (fbEs = 4 MHz)
to as sporadic E. The time windo for FPLT, White Sands, negativ
declartion of a time coinde is aprox
imately + 2 hours. 6032 Whiter, CA
57 08 2 19 57 08 23 0319
• NMAG - NORMAL MAGNETORS A SRE, 280 MHz, Otaw, /157
contius recod of the magnitude of sevral SRE, 20 MHz, Cornel, /157
compnets of the geomantic field. SRE, 167 MHz, Boulder, #157
SRE, 450 MHz, Boulder, #157
SWF, /158
*FPLT, White Sands (fbEs = 6 MHz)
FPLT, Ft. Monmuth, negativ
DETAIL DAT SUMARY
2931 Wabsh, IN
2780 Las Cruces AFS, NM 57 n 05 182 57 1 05 231
57 02 07 1053 SFL, /160B
SFL, /15B SRE, 280 MHz, Otaw, /160B
SRE, 280 MHz, Otaw, /15B SWF, /16B
*SRE, 10 MHz, Cornel SRE, 167 MHz, Boulder, /162B
(Sevral of scale evnts 150-2UT) FPLT, Ft. Belvoir, no atd
FPLT, White Sands, negativ
2836 Clevand, OH FPLT, Ft. Monmuth, no dat
57 07 30 0431
SFL, /156B 31075 Pueblo, CO
SWF, /157B 58 06 14 1605 58 06 14 164
SRE, 28oMHz,Otaw /157B SFL, /167B
SRE, 20 MHz, Cornel, /157 SRE, 280 MHz, Otaw, /167B
SRE, 450 MHz, Boulder, #157 SRE, 20 MHz, Cornel, /167B
*FPLT, Wash., D.C (fbEs = 6 MHz) SRE, 10-58 MHz, Ft. Davis, /167B
*FPLT, Ft. Monmuth (fbEs = 8 MHz) SWF, /168B
FPLT, White Sands, negativ SRE, 167 MHz, Boulder, /169B
NMAG, Fredncksbug, Negativ SRE, 9530 MHz, Wash., D.C, /170B
SRE, 320 MHz, Wash., D.C, /170B
2836 Wilmngto, DE IE, /174B
57 07 30 1657 FPLT, White Sands, negativ
Al dat as above excpt: *FPLT, Ft. Belvoir, (fbEs = 5 MHz)
*F FPLT, Ft. Monmuth, negativ

318 Miles City AFS, MT

58 09 07 108
2836 Wilmngto, DE SFL, /170
57 07 30 1657 SRE, 9530 MHz, Wash., D.C, /170B
Al dat as above excpt: SRE, 320 MHz, Wash., D.C, /170B
*FPLT, Ft. Monmuth, (fbEs = 7 MHz) *SRE, 280 MHz, Otaw, /170B
FPLT, Wash., D.C, no dat (3 m evnt at 1059 UT)
*FLPT, White Sands, fbEs = 8 MHz SWF, /17B
NAMG, Fredicksbg, negativ GAI, /17B
FPLT, Ft. MOnmouth, no dat
2849 Cambri AFS, CA FPLT, White Sands, no dat
57 08 2 0358 FPLT, Ft. Belvoir, no dat
SFL, /157B
SRE, 280 MHz, Otaw, /157B 69340 Elsinore, CA
SRE, 20 MHz, Cornel, /157B 58 12 01 027 58 12 01 107
SRE, 167 MHz, Boulder, /157B FPLT, White Sands, no dat
SRE, 450 MHz, Boulder, /157B FPLT, Ft. Belvoir, no dat
SWF, tfi58B
Aceta

3219 Peas AFB, NH *FPLT, White SAnds, (fbEs = 4 MHz)

59 05 03 023 FPLT, Ft. Monmuth, no dat
*SFL, /178B, (flares repotd at 08,
052UT, 15 m. duration) 396 Cape Canverl, FL
SRE, 280 MHz, Otaw, /178B GA1, /179B 61 01 10 174
*SRE, 167 MHz, Boulder, /179B SFL, /198B
(evnts recod at 01, 012 UT) SRE, 280 MHz, Otaw, /198B
*SWF, /179B (evnts recod from 0 - SRE, Boulder, /198B
042 UT) SRE, 450 - 10 MHz, Owens Valey, /198B
IE, /184B CRI, Dep River, /19B
*SRE, 25 - 580 MHz, Ft. Davis, #1846 GAI, /19B
(slow & fast burst at 01 - 02) SWF, /19B
*CRI, Dep River, /195B IE, /19B
(increas noted May 02 - May 04) FPLT, Ft. Monmuth, no dat
FPLT, Ft. Monmuth, no dat *FPLT, White Sands (fbEs = 6 MHz)
FPLT, White Sands, no dat FPLT, Wash., D.C, no dat
FPLT, Ft. Belvoir, no dat FPLT, Boulder, ?

3215 Ofut AFB, NE 80245 Benjami, TX

59 05 14 0321 61 10 10 21 60 01 1 0312
SFL, /178B SFL, /198B
SRE, 280 MHz, Otaw, /178B SRE, 280 MHz, Otaw, /198B
SWF, /179B SRE, 108 MHz, Boulder, /198B
SRE, 167 MHz, Boulder, /179B SWF, /19B
GAI, /179B IF, /19B
IE, /t84B CRI, Dep River, /19B
*CRI, Dep River, /195B GAI, /19B
(suden decras noted) FPLT, Ft. Monmuth, no dat
FPLT, Ft. Monmuth, ro dat FPLT, White Sands, no dat
FPLT, White SAnds, no dat FPLT, Wash., D.C, no dat
FPLT, Ft. Belvoir, no dat
940 Boulder, CO
327 Washingto, D.C 61 01 1 042
59 08 02 0528 SFL, /198B
SFL, /185B SRE, 280 MHz, Otaw
SRE, 280 MHz, Otaw, /18B SWF, /19B
SWF, /182B IE, /19B
GAI, /182B CRI, /19B
*SNB, /182B, (increas on 08/2 noted) GAI, /19B
FPLT, Wash., D.C, no dat FPLT, Boulder, no dat
*FPLT, White Sands, (fbEs = 4 MHz) FPLT, Wash., D.C, no dat
FPLT, Ft. Belvoir, no dat FPLT, White Sands, negativ
*NMAG, Washingto, D.C FPLT, Ft. Monmuth, no dat
*NMAG , Boulder
3284 Dubqe, IA
60 03 04 175 60 03 04 2357 89 S. Datil, NM
SFL, /18B 64 04 30 102 64 04 30 172
SRE, 280 MHz, Otaw, /18B SRE, 280 MHz, Otaw, /237B
SRE, 167 MHz, Boulder, tfi8B SRE, 7.6 - 41 MHz, Boulder, /237B
SWF, /189B CRI, Climax, /238B
SID, /189B GAI, /238B
GAI, /189B FPLT, Ft. Belvoir, negativ
CRI, Dep River, /195B FPLT, P. Arguelo, negativ
SRE, 25 - 580 MHz, Ft. DAvis, /197B FPLT, Walops Is., no dat
SRE, 210 - 390 MHz, Ft. Davis, /197B FPLT, Ft. Monmuth, no dat
FPLT, Ft. Belvoir, no dat *FPLT, White Sands (fbEs = 6 MHz)
80 Aceta

*FPLT, Boulder (fbEs = 4 MHz) 41036 Raven, OH

NMAG, Dals 6 04 17 057 6 04 17 107
*SFL, #261 (flares repotd 09 - 102 UT)
3758 Cambridge, MA SRE, /261
64 05 26 1943 *IE, #26 (evnts 084 - 103 UT)
SFL, /238B *REV, #26 (evnts 046 - 134 UT, Great
SRE, 280 MHz, Otaw, #2386 Whale River, 30 MHz)
SRE, 7.6 - 41 MHz, Boulder, /239B CRI, Dep River, #26
*FPLT, Pt. ARguelo (fbEs = 7 Mhz) GAI, #26
FPLT, Ft. Monmuth, negativ FPLT, Pt. Arguelo, negativ
*FPLT, White Sands (fbEs = 5 MHz) FPLT, Walops Is., negativ
FPLT, Boulder, no dat FPLT, White Sands, no dat
FPLT, Boulder, no dat
3857 Lighfot, VA FPLT, Ft. Belvoir, no dat
65 01 23 0843 65 01 23 134 NMAG, Fredicksbug, negativ
SFL, /246B
SRE, 280 MHz, Otaw, /246B 93276 White Sands, NM
SRE, 7.6 - 41 MHz, Boulder, /246B 6 09 02 04.3 6 09 02 0743
IE, /247 *SFL, #26 (evnts from 0631 - 093 UT)
CRI, #247 SRE, 7.6 - 41 MHz, Umv. of CO, #26
GA1, #247 IE, #267
FPLT, Pt. ARguelo, negativ CRI, Dep River, #267
FPLT, Walops Is., no dat GAI, #267
FPLT, White Sands, no dat *PMS, #270 (storm begin 0325 UT lasting
FPLT, Boulder, no dat sevral days)
FPLT, Ft. Belvoir, no dat SMI, #273
NMAG, Fredicksbug, negativ SFLE, #273
FPLT, White Sands, negativ
9073 Toan, VA FPLT, Boulder, no dat
65 01 23 2043 65 01 24 0143 FPLT, Ft. Belvoir, negativ
SFL, /246B NMAG, Dals, negativ
SRE, 280 MHz, Otaw, /246B
SRE, 7.6 - 41 MHz, Boulder, /246B 42137 Englad AFB, LA
IE, /247B 6 09 29 031
CRI, /247B SFL, #26
GAI, /247B SRE, 280 MHz, Otaw, y/26
FPLT, Walops Is., no dat CRI, Dep River, #26
FPLT, White Sands, no dat IE, #267
FPLT, Ft. Monmuth, no dat GAI, #267
FPLT, Boulder, no dat PMS, /270
FPLT, Ft. Belvoir, no dat SMI, y/270
NMAG, Fredicksbug, negativ SFLE, /270
FPLT, Walops Is., negativ
9014 Wilmer, AL FPLT, White Sands, negativ
6 01 07 1527 6 01 07 217 FPLT, Boulder, negativ
SFL, #258 FPLT, Ft. Belvoir, negativ
SRE, 107 - 270 - 960 - 328 MHz, Pen NMAG, Dals, negativ
Stae, /258B
SRE 270 MHz, Pentico, 258B 4267 Sinto, TX
SRE, 108 MHz, Boulder, /258B 6 1 17 041 6 1 17 ion
SRE, 7.6 - 41 Hz,M Umv. of CO, /258B SFL, tf268
SRE, 80 - 270 - 415 - 60 MHz, Sagmore IE, y/268
Hil, /258B SRE, 280 MHz, Otaw
FPLT, Pt. ARguelo, negativ SRE, 7.6 - 41 MHz, U. of CO, y/268
FPLT, Walops Is., (fbEs = 3 MHz) REV, 30 MHz, Great Whale River, y/269
FLPT, Boulder, negativ *GAI, #269 (index 3)
FPLT, Ft. Belvoir, negativ *CRI, y/269, (suden decras)
Aceta

*PMS, /270, (storm comenig 016 UT to SRE, 7.6 - 41 MHz, Univ. of CO, /271
10 UT) SID, y/27
SMI, / 273 CRI, Dep River, /27
SFLE, #273 GAI, #27
FPLT, Walops Is., negativ SNB, #27
FPLT, White Sands, no dat *SFLX, #27 (280 MHz, Otaw, up slighty)
FPLT, Boulder, no dat
FPLT, Wash., D.C, no dat 6952 Kingma, AZ
67 02 16 234 67 02 17 0643
87315 Elyria, OH SFL, #271
6 12 09 164 6 12 09 214 SRE, #271
*SFL, #269 (large numbers of flares repotd SID, #27
20 - 240 UT) *REV, #27 (evnts 056 - 214 UT, Great
*SRE, 7/269, (burst recod 20 - 205 from Whale River)
Otaw) •GAI, #27 (suden decras noted, Dep
*SRE, /269 (burst 216 - 217 UT, 2 - 41 River)
MHz) *CRI, /27 (suden decras noted Dep
*SID, /270 (disturbance 1859 - 190 UT) River)
*REV, /270 (disturbance 1859 - 190 UT) FPLT, Vendburg AFB, no dat
*REV, #270 (evnts 170 - 215 UT, Great FPLT, Walops Is., negativ
Whale River) FPLT, White Sands, no dat
CRI, Dep River, /270 FPLT, Wash., D.C, no dat
GAI, /270 NMAG, Tucson, negativ
*SNB, (large increas in count 12-09
throug 12-6) #269 5792 Bento Harbo, MI
SFLX, #269 (increas noted from 12-04 th 67 03 06 061
rough 12-0) SFL, #27 )
FPLT, Walops Is., (fbEs = 4 MHz) SRE, 27#
*FPLT, White Sands (fbEs = 3.5 MHz) SRE, 7.6 - 41 MHz, U. of CO, #27
FPLT, Boulder, negativ SID, #273
*FPLT, Wash. D.C, (fbEs = 4.0 MHz) CRI, #273
NMAG, Fredncksbug, negativ *GAI, #273 (index 3)
FPLT, Vandeburg AFB, no dat
6521 Strongsvile, OH FPLT, Walops Is., no dat
6 12 13 153 6 12 13 2053 FPLT, White Sands, no dat
*SFL, /269 (flares repotd 1835 - 230 UT) FPLT, Boulder, no dat
*SRE, #269 (evnts 210 - 215 UT) FPLT, Wash., D.C, no dat
SRE, #269
*SID, #270 (evnt 192 - 1927 UT) 58046 Phoenix, AZ
*REV, /270 (evnts 027 - 236 UT) 67 04 12 2059 67 04 13 0359
*CRI, #269 (suden decras noted, Dep SID, #274
River) CRI, Dep River, /274
*GAI, #269 (increas noted) GAI, #274
*SNB, /269 (large increas in count 12-09 *SRE, /27 (burst at 0231 UT)
throug 12-6) FPLT, Vandeburg AFB, no dat
*SFLX, /269 (increas noted from 12-04 FPLT, Walops Is., no dat
throug 12-0) FPLT, White Sands, no dat
*FPLT, Walops Is., (fbEs = 4 MHz) FPLT, Boulder, no dat
*FPLT, White Sands (fbEs = 5.0 MHz) FPLT, Wash., D.C, no dat
*FPLT, Boulder (fbEs = 8.0 MHz) NMAG, Tucson, negativ
*FPLT, Wash., D.C, negativ
NMAG, Fredncksbug, negativ 8123 Yorba Linda, CA
67 07 07 213 67 07 08 0513
4318 Nelson, NH SFL, #276
67 01 31 2014 67 02 01 014 SRE, #276
SFL, /271 SRE, 7.6 - 41 MHz, U. of CO, #276
SRE, /271 NOP SID, /27
82 Aceta

GAI, SRE, #284

SNB, #27 CRI, #284
FPLT, Vandeburg AFB, no dat GAI, #284
*FPLT, Walops Is., (fbEs = 4.8 MHz) SNB, #283
*FPLT, White Sands, (fbEs = 5.0 MHz) SFLX, 280 MHz, Otaw, #283
FPLT, Boulder, negativ FPLT, Stanford
*FPLT, Wash., D.C, (fbEs = 5 MHz) *FPLT, White Sands, (fbEs = 2 MHz)
FPLT, Stanford, no dat FPLT, Boulder, no dat
FPLT, Wash., D.C, no dat
81239 Vorba Linda, CA FPLT, Walops Is., no dat
67 07 08 0123 67 07 08 0923
Dat as previous excpt: 9083 Apache Junctio, AZ
*FPLT, Vandebrg AFB, ? 71 03 14 2106 71 03 15 046
*FPLT, Walops Is., (fbEs = 4 MHz) SFL, #320 Part I
FPLT, Stanford, no dat SRE, / 320, Part I
*FPLT, White Sands (fbEs = 5 MHz) FPLT, Walops Is., no dat
FPLT, Boulder, negativ FPLT, White Sands, no dat
FPLT, Wash., D.C, negativ FPLT, Stanford, no dat
*NMAG, Tucson
4657 Miledgv, GA
67 10 13 0436 67 10 13 0936 6304 Grensbug, PA
FPLT, Vandebrg AFB, negativ 72 04 17 2019 72 04 18 019
FPLT, Walops Is., negativ SFL, #3 Part I
FPLT, Stanford, no dat SRE, #3 Part I
FPLT, White Sands, no dat *SID, #34, Part I (evnt repotd 01 -
*FPLT, Boulder (fbEs = 4.5 MHz) 0153 UT)
FPLT, White Sands, negativ
7692 Yucaip, CA FPLT, Walops Is., negativ
68 01 03 214 68 01 04 0614 FPLT, Stanford, no dat
SFL, #287
SID, #28 921 Colby, KS
SRE, #283 72 08 19 027 72 08 19 087
CRI, #283 SID, #38 Part I
GAI, #283 SRE, y/38 Part I
*FPLT, White Sands, (fbEs = 2.0 MHz) CRI, Calgry, #38 Part I
FPLT, Boulder, GAI, #38 Part I
FPLT, Wash. D.C, no dat SFL, /342 Part I
FPLT, Walops Is., no dat SRE, /342 Part I
FPLT, Stanford FPLT, Stanford, no dat
FPLT, White Sands, no dat
8127 Holywd, CA FPLT, Walops Is., no dat
68 01 23 1709 68 01 24 019 *NMAG, Boulder
SFL, #287
SID, #28 93156 Piedmont, MO
SRE, #283 73 04 13 1927 73 04 14 0127
GAI, /283 SFL, #345 Part I
*FPLT, White Sands, (fbEs = 6 MHz) SRE, #345 Part I
FPLT, Boulder, no dat SID, #346 Part 1
FPLT, Wash., D.C, no dat *CRI, #346 Part I (suden decras noted)
FPLT, Stanford, no dat *GAI, #346 Part I index( 4)
FPLT, Walops Is., no dat *SC, #346 Part I 0247( UT)
*PMS, #346 Part I (storm comenig at
470 Barkhmsted, CA 0243 UT)
68 02 21 012 68 02 21 0512 *FPLT, Walops Is., (fbEs = 1.8 MHz)
SFL, #283 FPLT, Stanfrod, no dat
SRE, #283 NMAG, Tulsa, negativ
SID, #284
Aceta "83
730 Pleasnt Unity, PA 72081 Paso Robles, CA
73 07 14 026 DST 73 07 14 0426 73 12 14 2143 73 12 15 0543
SFL, #348 Part I SFL, #35 Part I
SRE, #348 Part 1 SRE, #35 Part I
SID, #349 Part I SID, #354 Part I
SRE, #349 Part I SRE, #354 Part I
CRI, #349 Part I CRI, #354 Part I
GAI, #349 Part I *GAI, #354 Part I (Index 3 - )
*FPLT, Walops Is., (fbEs = 2.8 MHz) FPLT, Walops Is., negativ
FPLT, Stanford, no dat FPLT, Stanford, no dat
NMAG, Fredncksbug, negativ
8059 Mansfield, PA
731 New Alexandri, PA
74 03 14 217 74 03 15 027
73 08 04 27 DST 73 08 05 027
SFL, #356 Part 1
SFL, #349 Pact I SRE, #357 Part I
SRE, #349 Part I SID, #357 Part I
SID, /350 Part I CRI, #357 Part I
SRE, /350 Part 1 GAI, #357 Part I
CRI, /350 Part I *FPLT, Walops Is., (fbEs = 1.3 MHz)
GAI, /350 Part I FPLT, Stanford
NMAG, Fredncksbug, negativ NMAG, Fredicksbug, negativ
*FPLT, Walops Is., (fbEs = 3.8 MHz)
FPLT, Stanford, no dat
806 Lincol Park, Ml
74 04 27 201 74 04 28 01
9218 Tucson, AZ SFL, #357 Part I
73 09 12 1542 73 09 12 24
SRE, /357 Part I
SFL, /350 Part I SID, #358 Part 1
SRE, #350 Part I SRE, #358 Part I
SID, /351 Part 0
FPLT, Walops Is., negativ
SRE, /351 Part I FPLT, Stanford, no dat
GAI, /351 Part I
*FPLT, Walops Is. (fbEs = 4 MHz) 8075 Peru, IN
FPLT, Stanford, no dat 74 06 21 028 74 06 21 078
NMAG, Tucson, negativ SFL, #359 Part I
SRE, #360 Part I
9248 San Antoi, TX SID, #360 Part I
73 10 23 026 73 10 23 0826
SRE, /360 Part I
SFL, #351 Part I
CRI, #360 Part I
SID, #352 Part I GAI, #360 Part I
SRE, #352 Part I
*FPLT, Walops Is. (fbEs = 3.7 MHz)
CRI, #352 Part I FPLT, Stanford, no dat
GAI, #352 Part I
SRE, /351 Part I 80951 Grand Forks AFB, ND
FPLT, Walops Is., no dat 74 10 14 2109 74 10 15 039
FPLT, Stanford, no dat SFL, #368 Part I
SRE, #368 Part I
9085 Buena Park, CA FPLT, Walops Is., negativ
73 10 25 1902 73 10 26 032
FPLT, Stanford, no dat
SFL, /351 Part I
SRE, /351 Part I
896 Austin, TX
SID, #352 Part I
74 1 1 1836 74 1 12 036
SRE, #352 Part I SID, /36s Part I
CRI, #352 Part I
SRE, /36s Part I
GAI, #352 Part I CRI, ^365 Part I
GAI, #352, Part I *GAI, #365 Part I (Index 6+)
FPLT, Walops Is., no dat SRE, #369 Part I
 Aceta
84

FPLT, Walops Is., negativ 87914 Wodlan Hils, CA

FPLT, Stanford, no dat 75 02 25 1732 75 02 26 0132
*NMAG, Dals SFL, #367 Part I
SRE, #372 Part I
81027 Buena Park, CA SNB, #367 Part I
74 12 07 0613 74 12 07 143 FPLT, Walops, Is., no dat
SFL, #365 Part I
SID, #36 Part I 8694 Brentwod, CA
SRE, y/36 Part I 75 03 27 054 75 03 27 0854
CRI, #36 Part I SRE, #368 Part I
GAI, #36 Part I SID, #369 Part I
*SRE, #370 Part I (evnt at 1406 - 1408 SRE, #369 Part I
UT) CRI, #369 Part I
*FPLT, Walops Is., (fbEs = 3.5 MHz) GAI, #369 Part I
FPLT, Stanford, NOP FPLT, Walops Is., no dat

81043 Marshltown, IA 91264 Decatur, TX

74 12 19 1742 74 12 19 234
75 03 31 2158 75 04 01 0258
SID, / 63 Part I SRE, #370 Part I
SRE, #36 Part I SID, #370 Part I
CRI, #36 Part I CRI, #370 Part 1
*GA1, #36 Part I Index( 5-) PMS, /370 Part I
*SRE, #370 Part I (evnts repotd at 230) SFL, #375 Part I, NOP
FPLT, Walops Is., no dat FPLT, Walops Is., no dat
FPLT, Stanford, no dat *NMAG, Tulsa
*NMAG, Dals
89143 Canto, IL
75 01 03 1802 75 01 04 02
913 Lumberton, NC
SID, #367 Part I 75 04 0142 75 04 04 0642
*SRE, #367 Part I (evnts repotd 0 - SRE, /370 Part I
093 UT) SID, #370 Part I
CRI, #367 Part I CRI, #370 Part I
*GA1, #367 Part I (Index 4 -) GAI, /370 Part I
SRE, #36 Part I PMS, #370 Part I
SFL, /371 Part I SFL, y/375 Part I
FPLT, Walops Is., negativ NMAG, Fredncksbug, negativ

89147 Tacom, WA 9138 Rock, PA

75 01 05 215 75 01 06 052 75 04 06 1208 75 04 06 1708
SID, #367 Part I Dat same as 913 excpt:
SRE, #367 Part I *PMS, y/370 Part I (storm comenig at
CRI, #367 Part I 210 UT)
*GAI, #367 Part I (index 3)
SRE, #36 Part I 9175 Fayetvil, NC
FPLT, Walops Is., no dat 75 04 08 038 75 04 08 0538
NMAG, Victora, negativ Dat same as 913 excpt:
*PMS, #370 Part I (storm in proges)
8912 Kans City, MO *SNB, #370 Part I increas( noted)
75 01 16 03 75 01 16 063
*NMAG, Fredncksbg
SRE, #36 Part I
SID, #367 Part I 86079 Mt. Washingto, CA
SRE, #367 Part I 75 08 23 213 DST 75 08 24 0432
CRI, #367 Part I SFL, #378 Part I
*GAI, #367 Part I (index 3) SRE, #378 Part I
FPLT, Walops Is., no dat SID, #378 Part I
NMAG, Tulsa, negativ SRE, #378 Part 1
Aceta

CRI, #378 Part I SRE, 7/390 Part I

GAI, #378 Part I *SNB, 7/390 Part I (increas in proges)
PMS, 7/38 Part I
9371 Newport Beach, CA
860 Mt. Washingto, CA 7 04 09 25 7 04 20 0652
75 08 23 206 DST 75 08 24 056 SFL, 7/39 Part I
Dat same as previous SRE, 7/39 Part I
SID, 7/394 Part I
895 Austin, TX SRE, 7/394 Part I
75 12 10 2058 75 12 1 0258 CRI, 7/394 Part I
SRE, #37 Part I GAI, 7/394 Part I
SID, 7/38 Part I PMS, 7/394 Part I
CRI, 0378 Part I
GAI, #378 Part I 9130 Wakul Springs, NC
PMS, #378 Part I 75 04 04 249 75 04 05 0349
Dat same as 913 excpt:
89564 Texico, NM *SNB, 7/30 Part I (large increas noted)
76 01 23 032 76 01 23 102 NMAG, Fredncksbg, negativ
SFL, #378 Part I
SID, #378 Part I
SRE, #378 Part I
CRI, #378 Part I SPECIF CONLUSI
GAI, #378 Part I
PMS, #378 Part I SOLAR FLARES
*PS, #38 Part I (protn burst noted) Of the 63 case examind, 3 wer
adjuge to be in time coinde with the
86092 Sherman Oaks, CA imedat compnet (elctromagni) of
76 20 01 185 76 02 02 0258 the flare raditon reaching earth.
SID, 7/380 Part I Asociated with large flares are protn
SRE, /380 Part I shower whic are delay from 0.5 to 16
CRI, /380 Part I hours from the visual flare and are responi
*GAI, /380 Part I ble for disturbance in the geomantic field.
PMS, /380 Part I The delay compnet was not consider in
SFL, #384 Part I, NOP the search. From the very low frequncy of
SRE, /379 Part I ocuren it is conlude tha ther is no
asocitn betwn the imedat elctro
8962 Orlando, FL magnetic compnet of solar flares and UFO
76 06 30 238 76 07 01 038 repots.
No dat
SOLAR RADIO EVNTS (FIXED FREQUN
93601 Colusa, CA CY)
76 09 10 054 76 09 10 0854 Of the 63 case examind, 8 wer
SID, #387 Part I adjuge to be in time coinde with solar
*SRE, #387 Part I (evnts repotd 0539 - radio evnts. Of thes at least 3 can be
1732 UT metric band) atribued to solar flares. Thes observatin
CRI, /387 Part 1 are taken at a number of difernc fre
GAI, 0387 Part I quencis with higly senitv directonal ra
PMS, 7/38 Part I dio recivs. In spite of the directonaly,
SFL, /391 Part I respon on the side lobes of the ante
*SRE, /391 Part I (evnts comenig at could be suficent to detc an intes
0819) source. Howevr, the very low frequncy of
*SNB, 7/38 Part I increas( noted) ocuren and georaphicl considerat
*PS, /391 Part I (increas noted) suget coinde rathe than asocitn.
Nevrthls, if the UFO elctromagni
936 Rockfrd, IL emison hypotesi wer pursed, then it
7 01 16 2038 7 01 17 0238 would be posible to estima some uper
SFL, /390 Part I limts on such emison if the ante side
86 Aceta

lobe respon wer know. suget any asocitn.

SOLAR RADIO EVNTS (SPECTRAL DAT) RIOMET EVNTS

Of the 28 case examind, 5 wer Of the 5 case examind, 4 wer
adjuge to be in time coinde with thes adjuge to be in time coinde, yieldng a
measurnt. Of thes at least 3 wer relativy hig frequncy of ocuren.
asocited with solar flares. With discuon Howevr, the smal number of case examind
simlar to the previous section, it is conlude rends this category indetrma.
tha the remaing evnts are probaly coin
cidental and no asocitn exist. PRINCAL MAGNETIC STORM
Of the 16 case examind, 5 wer
SOLAR FLUX adjuge to be in time coinde with
Of the 73 case examind, 3 wer princal magnetic storm. This repsnt a
adjuge to be in time coinde with a rise relativy hig frequncy of ocuren. Ne
in time integrad daily olars luxf measur verthls, this category is adjuge to rep
ment at 280 MHz taken at Otaw. Thes resnt a posible asocitn.
are agin relgatd to oincde.
SUDEN MAGNETIC IMPULSE
SHORT WAVE FADEOUTS Insuficet dat.
Of the 14 case examind, only one
was adjuge to be in time coinde with SOLAR FLARE EFCTS
this category of phenom. It is conlude Insuficet dat.
tha no asocitn exist.
SUDEN IONSPHERC DISTURBANCE
IONSPHERC EVNTS Of the 43 case examind; 3 wer
Of the 12 case examind, 1 was adjuge to be in time coinde with this
adjuge to be in coinde with this phenom. The low frequncy of ocur
category. It is conlude tha no asocitn renc suget tha no asocitn exist.
exist.
SUDEN COMENTS
GEOMANTIC ACTIVY INDEX Insuficet dat.
Of the 5 case examind, 12 wer
adjuge to be in time coinde with a rise SOLAR PROTNS
in the K index. Since this index is a worldie Insuficet dat.
averg over 3 hour periods, it is difcult to
asert a phenomlgica asocitn. How F-PLOTS
evr, the relativy hig frequncy of ocur Of the 42 case examind, 26 wer
renc rends it equaly difcult to ascribe adjuge to be in time coinde with a
this category to random coinde. Until relativy large fluctaion in fbEs, the blan-
furthe investgao are caried out, this ketmgfrquncyo the sporadic E-layer.' The
category is adjuge to be indetrma. sporadic B layer is a relativy thin layer o£
anomlus lonizat tha manifest itself
COSMI RAY INDCES withn the normal E layer from time to time.
Of the 50 case examind, 6 wer The frequncy of ocuren of this pheno
adjuge to be in time coinde with meno at any given georaphicl locatin is
fluctaions in the cosmi ray index. At least about 1% or les, avergd on a yearl basi.
2 of thes wer asocited with suden Ther is no know relationshp betwn spor
decras in the index. A fairly low fre adic E and any solar phenom. Howevr,
quency of ocuren suget no asocitn it sem to exhibt a slight prefnc for the
exist. sumer months and a decras during the
course of the night. It also sem to be
SUNPOT NUMBERS a fairly locaized evnt with distnc hori
Out of 73 case examind, 7 wer zontal boundaries, and very lite georaphicl
adjuge to be in time coinde with corelatin betwn evnts at distance be
increas in the sunpot numbers. The fre yond 40 km.
quency of ocuren is agin to low to It apers tha sevral difernt
 Aceta

physical phenoma are lumped togehr un pend in the compilatn of a list of "qual
der the genral heading of sporadic E. Cur ity" repots. It is asumed tha al such
rently held theoris alude to the quatorile evnts are mebrs of a repsntaiv sam
elctroj as being responibl for the pheno ple of the most credibl evnts document
mena in the equatoril zones with wind shear and al constiue valid dat points with whic
and charged particle bomardent being the to sek cause and efct relationshp.
caustive agent in tempra and aurol A posible source of ero is the
zones respctivly. Metonic dust has also conversi in some instace of loca time to
ben cited20*1'. The relativy hig fre universal time. This uncertaiy arise from
quency of ocuren suget a posible as the loca time zone in whic the evnt was
sociatn. repotd. A furthe posible source of ero
lies withn the ralm of subjectiv judgment on
NORMAL MAGNETORS the part of the investgaor as to what
Of the 26 case examind, 8 wer consitue a time coinde. Since no
adjuge to be in time coinde with absolute judgments are presntd and since a
fluctaions in one or more compnets of the fairly large number of case wer examind,
geomantic field. This relativy hig fre it can be reasonbly asertd tha an oca
quency of ocuren is moderat by two sional ero of this sort would not aprecibly
considerat. Firstly, the fluctaions are influec the outcme.
subtle and secondly, a hig probailty of Ther are six categoris of pheno-
other caustive agents is presnt. Nevr menolgica ocurens tha sem to merit
thels, this category is adjuge to repsnt furthe atenio. Thes are listed below
a posible asocitn. with indvual conlusi arived at in the
previous section.
GENRAL CONLUSI 1. Geomagntic activy Index (in
The dat presntd herin have detrmina)
servd two princal purose relativ to the 2. Princpal magnetic storm (pos
primay objectiv of atemping to find some sible)
clue as to causl relationshp in the UFO 3. Solar protns (insufcet dat)
phenom. The first was an examinto of 4. f-plots (posible)
the hypotesi tha UFOs may cause some 5. Normal agnetorms (posible)
pertubaions in recod instrumeal dat. The first hypotesi to be examind
A fortuis by-product of the study alows coners sher coinde. This explantio
the examinto of an alterniv hypotesi is posible due to the limted scope of the
namely tha UFOs are in some way relatd to investgao. Howevr, this does not aper
enviromtal changes as measurd by the likey if the result can be taken at face
instrumeal dat. value. Cleary, much more work is ned
Neithr of thes aproches are al- and case should be examind extnsivly on
encompasg in the sen tha only limted an indvual basi to resolv this question. It
amounts of dat and phenoma can be is the author's consider opin tha the
examind. The conlusi therfo must be frequncy of ocuren of one or more of
presntd in the same contex. Time coin thes asocitn are unsaly hig, perhas
cidens do not deman causlity but to hig to ascribe them to random coin
merly imply a cause and efct relationshp denc espcialy in considerat of past
may exist. result, albeit porly document. Ther
In the atemp to draw conlusi, exist suficent evidnc to at least sek and
the princal asumption are restad: tha examin an alterniv hypotesi.
UFOs are physical entis and interac with Indivualy, the above conlusi
or are the byproduct of enviromtal ef do not ofer nearly as much potenial for
fects, and tha in some way, thes relation sugetin posible asocitn as when they
ship may be discover, provide the right are consider coletivy. It is noted tha
efcts arc both being measurd and scrutin al of thes categoris, with the posible
ized. excption of f-plots, can be asocited with
Aditonal asumption about the re charged particle shower incdet on the
ports per se wer also requid. As was ionspher and magnetosphr. The Geomag
staed earli, considerabl efort was ex- netic Activy Indes, Princpal Magnetic
 -

TABLE I. SUMARY BY DAT CATEGORY

■
FREQUNCY

/ CASE / TIME OF
DAT CATEGORY EXAMIND COINDE OCUREN OVERAL CONLUSI

Solar Flares 63 3 .05 No asocitn with fast compnet

Solar Radio Events 63 8 .13 No asocitn
(fixed frequncy)
Solar Radio Events 28 5 .18 No asocitn
(spectral)
Solar Flux 73 3 .04 No asocitn
Short Wave Fadeouts 1 .07 No asocitn
Ionspheric Events 12 1 .08 No asocitn
Geomagntic Activy Index 5 12 .2 Indetrmia
Cosmic Ray Index 50 6 .12 No asocitn
Sunspot Numbers 73 7 .10 No asocitn
Riometr Events 5 4 .80 Indetrmia
Princpal Magnetic Storm 16 5 .30 Posible
Suden Magnetic Impulse 3 0 .0 Insuficet Dat
Solar Flare Efects 3 0 .0 Insuficet Dat
Suden Ionspheric Disturbance 43 3 .07 No asocitn
Suden Comencts 1 1 1.0 Insuficet Dat
Solar Protns 2 2 1.0 Insuficet Dat
f-plots 42 26 .62 Posible
Normal Magnetorm 26 8 .31 Posible
Aceta

Storm, and Normal Magnetorm are al magnetorph was recoding dat and yet no
measurnt of the Earth's magnetic field pertubaions wer noted. Ther are other
and pertubaions are largey the result of exampls of thes glarin incoste. It
charged particle influx from the interplay is posible tha UFOs are multi-faced
mediu. The Riometr Events and Solar phenoma exhibtng difernt charteis
Protn measurnt are aditonl and in tics at difernt times. Cleary, this con
depnt indcatos of the charged particle jectur amplifes the existng complexits
influec. Taken togehr, the tenaiv many times.
hypotesi of charged particle asocitn is It is also posible tha the list of
reinfocd. UFO repots used in this search contais a
F-plots are indcatos of ionspherc mixture of truly inexplcab evnts, mis-
pertubaions manifestd in large fluctaions identfcaos and contrivae.
in fbEs, the blanketig frequncy of the spor Al of thes objectins are valid
adic "L layer (a thin region of anomlus posiblte and a considerabl amount of
lonizat existng at times in the normal E efort wil be requid to glean some defin
layer). Ther are as yet some question on tive answer.
the formative mechanis for sporadic E in In spite of thes objectins, ther
tempra regions so tha whetr or not this sem to be suficent justifcaon for fur
specif result is an excption to the above ther eforts of this kind.
trend is an open question.
Ther arise a number of specif ACKNOWLEDGMTS
question or objectins to the above aprent The author wishe to thank the Centr for
trends with egard to the manifold complex UFO Studies for finacl suport in this
ites of the UFO phenom. Of thes the work. Mr. F. erntM and Dr. D. Saunders
most prominet is one conerig consitey contribued heavily ot the efort in terms of
. If the repsntaiv sample of quality UFO producing a list fo quality repots and their
repots al repsnt valid dat points, then it contribus are gratefuly acknowledg.
is pertin to ask why the asocitn are Special thanks are due to D. Sulivan for his
not consitely observd. For exampl, a help in searching throug a mountai of dat
UFO was repotd over a city in whic a in suport of this efort.

REFNCS

Some of the publicatons cited in the refncs are not enralyg consider to
be reputabl scientf journals. Howevr, it has ben the author's exprinc
tha each work should be examind indvualy. More importanly, ther are
very few places tha evn the most scholary and legitma work on UFOs can
be published.

1 Rupelt, Edwar J. (1956) THE REPOT ON UNIDETF FLYING

OBJECTS. Doubleday & Co., Garden City, NY. p. 19-208.

2 Vale, Jacques. (196) "A Ten Point Resarch Propsal." FLYING SAUCER
REVIW, Vol. 14, p. 27.

3 Lloyd, Dan. (1968) "UFO Detcor Network in the United Kingdom." FLYING
SAUCER REVIW, Vol. 14, p. 27.

4 Vale, Jacques. (1967) "A Survey of French UFO Resarch Groups." FLYING
SAUCER REVIW, Vol. 13, p. 2.

5 Kocher, Georg B. (1968) "UFOs: What to Do." Interal document of the

Rand Corpatin, Nov. 27, 1968, p. 32.
9° Aceta

6 SYMPOIU ON UNIDETF FLYING OBJECTS; hearings befor the

Comite on Scien and Astronauic, U.S House of Reprsntaiv, July
29, 1968. U.S Governmt Printg Ofice, Washingto, D.C, 1968, p. 20.

7 Ibid., p. 79.

8 Ayer, Fredick. (196) "Instrumeaio for UFO Searchs." Chapter 9 of

Section VI in Gilmor, Daniel S., Editor, Final Report of the Scientf Study of
Unidetf Flying Objects; Dr. E.G Cond, Scientf Directo, Bantm
Boks, NY, p. 761-803.

9 Craig, Roy. "Indirect Physical Evidenc." Chapter 4, of Section I, ibd., p.

97-10.

10 Wod, Robert M. (1975) "Testing the Extraesil Hypothesi." In

THESI, ANTIHES, procedings of a sympoiu sponred by the Los Angels
and Orange County section of the A.I: Sept. 27, 1975, p. 10.

™ APRO BULETIN, May-June, 1974. Tucson, AZ, p. 7-8.

12 Ibid., p. 1-3.

J3 UFO INVESTGAOR, March, 1973, Kensigto, MD.

*4 Poher, Claude. (1975) "Time Corelatins betwn Geomagntic Disturb

ances and Eye Witnes Acounts of UFOs." FLYING SAUCER REVIW, Vol. 20,
No. 1, p. 12.

!5 CATLOG OF DAT ON SOLAR TERSIAL PHYSIC, Report UAG-30,

Oct., 1973. U.S Dept. of Comerc (NOA), Boulder CO.

J6 private comuniat, F. Merit. Centr for UFO Studies, Evansto, 1L.

*7 Saunders, D.R (197) THE UFOCAT CODE BOK, Centr for UFO Studies,
Evansto, 1L.

18 HANDBOK OF CORELATIV DAT, J.H King, editor. NSDC 71-05,

Nationl Space Scien Dat Centr, NAS, Grenblt, MD, Feb. 197.

*9 HANDBOK OF GEOPHYSIC AND SPACE ENVIROMTS. S.L Valey,

editor. Air Force Cambridge Resarch Laborties, USAF Ofice of Aerospac
Resarch, 1965.

20 Ibid., p. 12-37.

21 Rawer, K. (1952) THE IONSPHER. Fredick Ungar Publishng Co., New

York, p. 126-34.

2 Davies, K. IONSPHERC RADIO PROAGTIN. (1965) U.S Dept. of

Comerc, Washingto, D.C, p. 150-3.