UPPER Lime According to Ayurveda - sigranftx According to Modem- Clavicle Position - Horizontaly in root of neck. Type of Bone - © According to Ayurveda - aerate © According to Moder- Long bone Membranous. Ossification - First Ossified Bone Peculiarities of the Clavicle - © Only Long Bone that lies Horizontally. ® Itis only Long bone which have two Primary Centre of Ossif © Only Long Bone have no Medullary Cavity. © Itis first Bone to start Ossification. ® Only Long Bone that lies Subcutaneously. ication. Side Determination - ateral end - flat © Medial end - Quadrangular ® Inferior Surface - Grooved Longitudinally Features - Lateral end or Acromial end Medial end or Sternal end Articulates Clavicular notch the Manubrium sterni of Sternum. Articulates Acromian Process of the Scapula To form Acromioclavicular 7 joint Articular Disc Inter Clavicular Posterosuperiorly Ligament Superiorly To form Sterno Clavicular joint{ Medial 273 Lateral 13 © Surfacos of Modial 23 Anterior Posterior Suporior Inferior © Pectoralis © Stemohyoid (0) —_@ Stemocleido major (0) Mastoid (0) + Medial end Lateral half Behind © Oval impression Subclavian groove Subclavian artery © Costoclavicular Ligament Nutrient ‘Subclavius Foramen Muscle (1) e Lateral 1/3 2 Borders 2 Surface Anterior Posterior Superior Inferior Deltoid (0) Trapezius (I) Subcutaneus Contoid Trapezoid Tubercle —Ridge + t Conoid part Trapezoid pat © of Coraco of Coraco Clavicular Clavicular Ligament Ligament faE Be Be f Bono- i: Namo of eenccording to Ayurveda ~ of According to Moder- Scapula Position - Posterolateral to Thorax, e of Bone Type ot etnccordig fo Ayurveda - aurea © According to Modern - Flat bone Ossification - Cartilagenous Side Determination - 1. Lateral Angle - Glenoid cavity lies lateraly 2. Dorsal Surface - Spinous process 3. Costal Surface - Subscapular Fossa 4. Inferior Angle - Lies inferiorly Feature - © Border (Three' Supra Scapular oe) Notch Infraglenoid Dorsal surface © Inf. belly of Tubercle © Teres major (0) | Omohyoid (0) © Long head of __ Teres minor (0) Triceps brachii (0) Dorsal aspect Costal 2s © Levator scapulae (I) @ Serratis © Rhomboideus minor (I) anterior) © Rhomboideus major (!) | nits io) | Costal Stirface Dorsal Stirtace | Subscapular Fossa Spinoglenoid Notch i sf él Infraspinous Fossa (L22 Subscapularis (0) Supraspinous Fossa Infraspins Fos () (Smaller) © Suprospinatus (0) 24© ANGLES (Three Supefor ange Ineo ange 4 Lateral or Glenoig angle Covered by Covered by © Bears the Glengi © Trapezius (I) © Lallssimus dorsi (0) $M0Id cay © Process (TI hree) : ! ; i se Process Acromion Process Coracoig Process i Lips Medial border Lateral’ border é ¥ 1 Uppérlip Lowerlip © Trapezius (© Datoid (0) @ Trapezius (I) © Déltoid (0) Lateral part Medial part Superior ‘Sutfag ‘ © Short head © Coraco- © Pectorais of Biceps brachiallis (0) minor 0 brachii (0)TUE Name of Bone- © Acconting to Ayurveda - wary @ According to Modern - Humerus Type of Bone @ According to Ayurveda - waranty e According to Modern - Long bone Position - In arm, it extends from Shoulder to Elbow joint, Ossification - Primary-1 8" Week Secondary-7 Upper End (3) ‘ Ch3asyn eee Side Determination - ; ml Head Intertubercular Sulcus Olecrenon Foss ‘i ; \ Directed Medialy Antetiorly Posto Features - Upper End Shaft Lower End UPPER END E : eres | i id Anatomical Lesser Greater Intertuder f SNS rr Neck Tubercle Tubercle sues | iculates with as slenold cavity Capsular eSub 1. Supras- oreo ‘of Scapula Ligament scapularis 2 pinatus ote! 1 .Infrasp- toform of Shoulder () rae iy” eat 3. Teres Minor Do's! Shoulder Muscle (|) join 28@ SHAFT Borders (Three)__ Anterior Lateral Medial © Deltoid Tuberosity : © Deltoid Muscle (|) Radial groove or Spiral groove © Coracobrachialis Muscle (\) j e Surfaces (Three) f Anterdlateral Anteromedial Posterior | © Brachialis (0) Nutrient Foramen Oblique Ridge Brachialis (0) © Triceps brachii (0) @ LOWER END. Articular Part Non Articular Part Sa ee Capifutum Trochlea Epicondyle (2) Ridge (2) re (3) \ rare Head of Radius Trochlear Medial Lateral ¢ Oletranon Notch of Uina Radial © Coronoid @ EPICONDYLE (TWO) Mecia Epiondyle Lateral Epicondyle © Superticial Flexor Muscle (0) © Superficial Extensor (O) Anconeus (0) ; © Supinator (0) y RIDGE (TWO) Medial Supra Condylar Ridge Lateral Supra Condylar Ridge Pronator Teres (0) © Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (0) © Brachioradialis (0) © FOSSA (THREE} Coronoid Fossa Radial Fossa Olecranon Fossa Coronoid process Head of Radius Olecranon process of Ulna of UinaName of Bone- © According to Ayurveda - aff: saterfer According to Modem - Radius Type of Bone @ According to Ayurveda - trate ® According to Modern - Long bone Situation - Lateral bone of the Fore-Arm. Ossification - a Primary Secondary © During 8" week of development © During 20 years © Side Determination Upper End Lower'End Lateral'Surface ——Ant&rior (Concave) Broaderthan Convex & Sharp Surface © Rounded & upper end Styloid Process it bears head projects Concave eExternalFeatures 4. Upper End 2. Shaft 3. Lower End 4. Upper End ee N&ck Radial Tuberosity © Disc Shaped ® Enclosed by oui Just bel © Covered with Annular Ligament oy of Neck Hyaline Cartilage Posterior Part Anterior Part * Rough © Smooth ~ Biceps brachii (I) 32} | 2, SHAFT } Borders (Three) _ | Anterior Posterior Medial | = ltextend Antmargin of ot Styloid process © Abductor pollicis © Sharpest | longus (0) ° Pie par ges | tachment fo Interasez,| © Flexor digitorum «© Extensor polis a 5) ‘superficialis (0) brevis (0) Membrane © Surface Ce Anterior Posterior Lateral + Lies bin Ant. and Lies bin the Ant, & -Liesbinant.4 | Interosseus border Interosseus Border Post. Surface | Flexo policis longus upper 2/8 part (0) © Supinatar()_| © Supinator & Abductor pollicis longus | ‘Muscles also attached in upper part ] | | 3. LOWER END | Surface Five | ‘Anterior Posterior 3, Medial © 4, Lateral. «5, Inferior 41.Anterior Surface ‘© Radial Artery palpated ‘© Pronator Quadratus Muscles (|) 2. Posterior Surface © Present four grooves for Extensor tendons _@ Extensor polis brevis Muscles (0) 3. Medial Surface Occupied by ulnar notch 4, Lateral Surface © Downvrard form Styloid process © Brachioradialis Muscles (I) (Lower part) © Pronator Teres (Middle Part) 5. Inferior Surface © Lateral Triangular part in © Medial Quadrangular part © Articulate wth Scaphoid bone © Atul with Lunate bone Forms wrist jointName of Bone- © According to Ayurveda - fet: ware © According to Modem - Uina ‘Type of Bone ‘According to Ayurveda - serantFe2 According to Modern - Long bone Situation - Medial bone of the Fore Arm. Primary Centre-1 © Begins 8" week of development Side Determination - © Ossification Secondary Centre-2 © During 10” year Upper End - Hook like with it concavity directed forwards. e Lower End - Smaller & has a small rounded head. © Shaft - The lateral border of the shaft is sharp and crest like. © Styloid process project downward from the posteromedial aspect of the head. Features - 1. Upper End Process (1) Olecranon Process (Project Upwards) (2) Coronoid Process (Project Forward) o Parts 2. Shaft 4. Upper End Crest Supinator Crest 3. Lower End Notch Trochlear = Articulate with Trochlea of Humerus (Elbow joint) 36 Radial ~ Articulate with Head of Radius (Superior Radioulnar joint)e Olecranon Process (Five Surface) Anterior Posterior Medial Lateral Super; e Pronator e Triceps Flexor e Extensor ° Rowe, quadratus brachii (1) Digitorum indicis war (0) Flexor Profundus (0) @ Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (0) Pollicis Longus (O) _e Coronoid Process (Surface Four) _ Superior Anterior Lateral Medial e Forms lower e Forms Ulnar e Forms Radial Continuous part of Trochlear Tuberosity Tuberosity with Medial Notch Surface of Shet 2. SHAFT Borders (Three) Anterior Posterior Interosseus/Lateral = Thick & Round ~ Subcutaneous - Sharpest @ Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (O) Pronator Quadratus © Flexor Carpi UInaris (O) Lower end originated e Surface (Three) Medial Posterior Anterior seer & Interosseus bin Ant. & Post.» bin Post & Interosseus border border border Brachialis (I) @ Flexor Digitorum — ¢ Triceps Brachii (!) Profundus (O) Anconeus (|) e Extensor Pollicis Longus & Ext. Indicis (O) 3. LOWER END Styloid process Head e Articulate with Ulnar Notch of Radius —_@ Project downwards of the (Inferior Radio-uinar joint) ulna © Separated by wrist jointName of Bone- © According to Ayurveda - aerate © According to Modern - Carpal bone Type of Bone © According to Ayurveda - erat According to Modern - Irregular bone, Short bone Position - Wrist (afora) Ossification - Cartilagenous. e Ossification Centre-8. e Each Carpal bone ossifies from one Centre of Ossification which appears 2% birth and the Process is usually completed between 20°, 25” year of life. Carpal Bones - Arranged in two rows Proximal row Distal row Proximally-convex Proximally-convex Distally-concave Distally-Fiat (Lateral to medial) (Lateral to medial) 4. Scaphoid 5. Trapezium 2. Lunate 6. Trapezoid 3. Triquetral 7. Capitate 4. Pisiform 8. Hamate PARTICULARITY- © SCAPHOID Boat Shaped Lateral Tubercle Articulation on + Directed laterally q Forward & downward Radius Lunate Capitate Trapezium {attachment - Flexor Retinaculum - Fibers of Abductor brevis = 5 ~ if oe src_@ LUNATE, Somilunar artloular surface @ On Laloral sido e For Scaphold TTY, Scaphald ‘Triquotral Halfmoon Shaped! Cresentrie Radius: Trlquotral_ Pyramidal in Shapo Isolated (Oval Facol) Pisiform Lunate Hamato ‘Aulicular dise of Radioulnar — 2 PISIFORM - i Pea shaped — Only one Oval facot_—Laloral Surfaco ia Articulation Attachment © On Proximal part of grooved by Ulnar ——_@ Triquotal distal surface for Nervo Triquotral Floxor carpl Floxor Abductor « Extensor - Ulnaris, Rolinaculum Digiti minim! Retinacutun c i 7 ‘© TRAPEZIUM Quadiangular Palnor butoco Latoral’Surfaco Distal Surfaco ticsaton inShapo Is grooved allachmont | Boars © Scaphoid Lat. Lifamont of Wrist Convex concave © Capitato Joint Alicular Surlaco@ 1°42" Motacarpal For tho Baso of 1° Crost «© Abductor Polis brovis(0) «© Floxor Pollcis brovis (0) © Opponons Pollics(0) ‘Tondon of Flexor Carpi Radialis, AQ Quadrangular Clreular Surface On Madial side © For Triquatral a Capltate Modlal & Dorsal Surface Is non articular Motacarpal Bone Edgo of groove } attachment ‘Two layor of Flexor Rotinaculum Ay, 4 Hamats fincas |@ TRAPEZOID gare eee eae i Palmer surface | a ; ee See eam is iete ° Sear } © Trapezium | ] ; | an a ° Capita laterally 02° Metacarpa | } | © CAPITATE | TTL , Articulation | Largest Carpal rail © Scaphoid | behaaeaeanar © Lunate t ‘e Asmall facet for 4” Metacarpal bone oe | © Trapezoid © 2,3,4" Metacarpal 5 @ HAMATE. | Wedge shaped Ahook near Articulation Attachment its base @ Lunate © Directed laterally @ Triquetral 1 © Projects fromthe © Capitate distal part of © 4°.5" Metacarpals Palmer Surface Tip of Hook Medial side of Hook © Flexor Retinaculum ‘@ Flexor Digiti Minimi © Opponens Digiti Minimi General Points of the Carpal Bones - The Proximal row s Convex proximally, and Concave distally © The distalrow is Convex Proximally andFiat distally, © Dorsalnonarticular surface vay larger than Palmer nonarticular Surface (Except-Lunate). Palmer Dorsal Proximal Distal Medial Lateral Non- —— Non- Articular Arti articular articular e Except eexcont eee ' -Pisiform - Scaphoid raul -Lunate — -Trapezium 44METAGARPALS According to Ayurveda. ‘eee According to Modem: Metacarpals Name of Bone ype of Bone- According to Ayurveda. aren i, ant According to Modern - Long - Short bone — © Position Head= Distally Shaft = Middle Base = Provimally Number & Name of Metacarpal bone - 1. First Metacarpal 2. Second Metacarpal 3. Third Metacarpal 4, Fourth Metacarpal 5. Fh Metacarpal Ossification Primary Centre (1) Secondary Centre (2 Shaft Head (2°-5° Metacarpal) Base (1" Netacarpal) Side Determination- 1° ~The Anterolateral Surface is larger than the Anteromedial. © 2° ~The Medial edge of the groove or the base is deeper than the Lateral edge. ©3" _- The Styloid Process is dorsolateral . ©4° The Lateral side of the base has two small oval facets for the 3° Metacarpal. ©5° (a) The Lateral side of the base has an elongated articular strip fr the 4" Metacarpsl (b) The Medial side of the base is Nonarlicular & has a Tubercle. Features - ‘@ PARTS (Three) Head Shaft Base Round (Knuckels) = Concave ~ Iregular Anteroposteriorly Palmer Surface 45.6 Main Attachment « First Motacarpal oa Aulorolatoral Surface | Radial border Opponons Pollicis (I) ¢ Socond Motacarpal Wad (No attachmont) Baio © Trapezium © Lateral side- Abductor Pollicls Longs () 4 Hoad Shall Base : (No attachment) 1 ‘Aiticular surface timer surface. Dersalay | $f © Trapozium Tubercle Oblique Exteney © Trapezoid head of Catgi Ratz, © Capitate Floxor Carpi Adductor —Longus © 3" Metacarpal Radialis (I) Pollcis (1) Third Matacar Head Shaft (No attachment) © Distal 2/3 Palmer Surface Transverse head of the Adductor Pollicis Palmer Surface © Flexor Carpi Radial, © Oblique Head of the Addustor Pollcis (0) © Fourth Metacarpal Head Shaft (No attachment) Lateral surface ———Ulnar Head 3° Palmer Interosseus 3” Dorsal Interosseus | © Fifth Metacarpal__ Head (No Attachment) ace (Medial puaro) © Opponens Digit Minimi (I) 46 Styloid Process © Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (I) Dorsal Surface Asticulate © Capitate © 2.3" Metacara Medial surface Radial Head 4" Dorsal Interosseus Base Tubercle © Extensor Carpi Una)Joint of Metacarpals - e First Carpometacarpal Joint - (Sellar Joint Pollex) Base & Trapezium Distal Trapezial articular facet © Connect ligament 4. Lateral lig. 2. Anterior Lig. 3, Pst. Ligament Trapezium © The Ulnar side of the © Trapezium © Ratial side of the Metacarpal base Metacarpal base © Relations Medial Lateral ¢ First Dorsal Interosseus space © Tendon of Abductor Policis Longus ¢ Tendon of Flexor Pollcis Longus © Extensor Policis Brevis ‘© Movement Flexion Extension Abduction Circumnduetion Adduction Rotation © Palmar Plane © Dorsal Plane © Second-Fifth Carpometacarpal Joints - (Ligament) Articular Capsular Dorsal Palmar Interosseus | | ¢ Distal margin of Medial Interosseus Carpal & Metacarpal © 3° Metacarpal the Capitate & Ligament Lat. from Trapezium Hamate of the © 2" Metacarpal © Flexor carpi radialis 3°-4" Metacarpal from the Trapezium @ Interosseus- Capitate Bones & Trapezoid © Medial - Hamate © * Metacarpal from the Capitate & Hamate Intermetacarpal Joints - © 2nd to Sth Metacarpal bases articulate Ligament, Dorsal Palmar Interosseous © Connect Cartilagenous surface just Bone to bone Bone to bone Distal to their Articular Facet © Synovial Membrane - Carpometacarpal articulation, © The Carpometacarpal & Intermetacarpal Movement Flexion ‘ y ‘Abduction Fifth Metacarpal "= 3 i e Melacap 2° being least mabe © Lateral rotation | Mos movable Patel © Extension digital onesie iets) Thumb over the Palmar centre Minimus 48EE Bon : A ‘According to Ayurveda - existe ‘e According to Moder - Phalanges gee are 1-H aA ore” (aa. 5/19) enh gyn vet sige Rael sn 5 aed een a co rarer aH sia A arr Pre @ rah sis A fafa eh amber - 14 Phalanges ¢ 3foreach Finger (Proximal, Middle, Distal) @ 2forthe Thumb (Proximal, Distal) Phalanges Proximal Middle Distal Three parts 1, Base (Proximal) 2. Shaft'(Middle) 3. Head (Distal) © Base ee Phalanx Middle Phalanx Distal Phalanx Concave oval Facet for articulation Head Pully shaped Articular Surface Two Concave oval facets separated by Smooth Ridge © Shaft Dorsal Surface Palmar Surface Convek rom side to side Flattened from Side to side butit gently concave in its Long axis Head Proximal Phalanges Middle Phatanges Distal Pipa The Head is Non-Articular & is Head has a pully - Shaped Articular surface marked Anteriorly by a Rough Horseshoe-Shaped Tuberosty which supports the sensitive pulp ofthe fingertip 49.Muscle attachment- Phang Proximal Middle e Ftrols flexor sheath © Lumbricals () @ Interossei (I) © Floor digitorum superficialis (I) ¢ Extensor digitorum (I) Thumb (Base) Proximal Phalanges © Abdilctor Pollcis Brevis (I) © Adductor Pollcis (I) & & Flexor Pollicis Brevis (I) On the Lateral side First Palmar Interosseous On the Medial side 6 Little Finger Proximal Phalanx Abductor Digiti Minimi (I) Flexor Dight Minimi ()) On the Medial Side ‘hs © Flexor digitorum © Lumbrical () © Interossei (I) then, © Extensor Polics On the Dorsal surface Ossification - Phalanx Shaft Primary cante secon Centre ole sft [ 24 year sshs year 8 ” week 10° week 1 of Development of Development of Develpren 50 © SORES: |Name of Bone : © According to Ayurveda © According to Modem Type of Bone : © According to Ayurveda © According to Modem Posi Ossification : Carfilagenous Primary Centre -3 Side Determination : Superirly e Anteroinfriory Postercinferiony Laterally Features 4. um Name of Bone : © According to Ayurveda © According to Modern Position : Above the Acetabulum. Ends 4. ENDS: Upper End (lliac crest- A Broad Convex Ridge) pn © Anterior 2/3 part LOWER Lime nee 1: Obliquely between thigh to Waist. oir Her Hip Bone arene Irregular Bone ‘Secondary Centre - 5 liac Crest Pubic Symphysis Ischial Tuberosity Acetabulum Parts 2. Pubis 3. Ischium 4. THE ILIUM ‘we ararenfe ‘ium, Shape : Plate like Features Borders ‘Surface Ty Lower End ‘© Fused with Acetabulum, Posterior 1/3 part 52oe © Anterior 2/3 part Outerlip Innerlip attachment Intermediate area Spine @ FasciaLata © TransversusAbdominis(0) © Externaloblique(l) © Quadratus Lumborum (0) © Tensortfascialata(O) © Fascia Transversalis © Lattissimusdorsi(0) © Fascia liaca Internal Oblique muscle (0) Anterior Anterior Sup. liacspine Inf lic spine © Sartorius(0) © Rectus Femoris(0) © Inguinal ligament © Posterior 1/3 parts Medialarea Lateral area Spine ee Attachment 1. Gluteus Maximus (0) © Gluteus Maximus (0) 2, SacroiliacLigament Post. Sup. iliac Spine Post. inf. tac Spine © Erector spinae(o) © Piriformis (0) 3. SURFACE Gluteal -Outer ~Convexinfront & Concave, behind - Three Gluteal ine Wliacfossa Inner, Concave forms: Lateral wall of False pelvis, Sacropelvic™ -Unevenarea © lacus (0) Inferior Anterior Posterior -Mostill defined - Longest - Shortest © Gluteus Minimus (0) Gluteus Medius (0) © Gluteus Maximus (0) (2) Iliac Tuberosity (b) Auta i @ ei Upper, Large rough part Anteroinferioroiliac Smoot ete 2 Tuberosity forms forms lliolumber lateral wall of true pelvis i Sacroiliac joint oo ‘ Piriformis (0) 0) -Sacroiliacligament Obturatornternus( 542, BORDERS | Medial 7 ee t stizceesty | et it Post. sup: iliac spine to post. slecasia ae border oflschium liopubic erinen | Acetabulum | ° Sacrotuberous Ligament @ Piriformis (0) , 2. THE PUBIS t Name of Bone = © According to Ayurveda = mfr e According to Modern -— Pubis Features : _—_——§ 1. Body 2. Inferior Ramus. 3. Superior Ramus () BODY © bin Superior and Inferior Ramus Peed Border surface Superior Pubic Crest Rectus Abdominis, Prem —__4 1. Inguinal Ligament 1. Public ligament 1, Levator Ani(O) 3, Spermatic cord 3, Grailis(O) 3. Puboprostatic 4, Add, Brevis (0) ligament 5. Obturator Externus(0) (i) Inferior Ramus Body of Pubis to Ramus of Ischium, Medial to Obturator foramen. {form Conjoined Ischiopubic rami BR | Pubic Tubercle Anterior Posterior Medial fer tr 1 1 t ei 2. Cremaster Muscle 2. Adductor longus (O) 2. Obturator Internus (0) with medial Surface of oposite pubis to form the Pubis aed(i) Superior Ramus Border : . (a) Superior (b) Anterior ——_(¢) Inferior ipecinealline) — (Obturator crest) Sharp 4. Conint Tendon ~ Rough ridge 2. Lacunat Ligament (a) Pectineat 3. Pectiate Ligament -bin Ant, and «4 Pactineus Muscle (0) Sup, border 3s Minor (1) y Pectineus (0) Surface @)pebic (0) Obtrat bin Sup. and pingpanl Int, pier fi Ductus deferens in Male obturator Round ligament in Female groove 3. THE ISCHIUM Name of bone: @ According toAyuneda = BRUT © According to Modem = —Ischium Features 4. Body f 1 Thick & Massive, Behind the Acetabulum 1. Body 2. Inferiot Ramus T 7 Ends Borders Surface 4. ENDS Uppér end Lower end 1 Forms | Forms 25 of Acetabulum Iscflal Tuberosty \ 4. Semi Membrdnasus (0) 2. Semi Tendinosus (0) 3. Long Head of Biceps Femors (0) 4. Adductor Magnus (0) 5, Sacrotuderous ligament 6. Ischiofemoral Ligament ‘SURFACES Femoral Dorsal : \ ‘ b/nAnt& Lateral Border binLat. & Post. Border binAnt& Post. Border | t © Obturator Extemus (0) © Quacratus Femoris(0) ¥ @ Piriformis (0) © Quadratus Femoris (0) 7 st | Obturatutinternus (0)4, BORDERS f © Lateral © Anterior © Posterior } forms | forms Lateral margin of Posterior margin Ischial Tuberosity of Obturator Foramen 1. Greater Sciaticnotch 2.Ischial Spine 3. Lesser Sclatic Notch Converts into Foramen © Sacrospinous Ligament © Obturator Internus(o) © LevatorAni(O) © Sup. Gemelii(0) © Inf. Gemelli(0) (i) Inferior Ramus Conjoined Ischiopuibi rami Border Surface Upper Lover Outer Inher | forms | forms 1. Obturator Externus (0) 4. Obtu. intemus (0) Margin of Obturator Pubic Arch 2.Adductor Brevis (0) 2. Transverse Perinei( Foramen } attachment 3, Gracilis (0) 3. Ischiocavernosus (0) } attachment (a) Fascia lata 4, Adductor Magnus (0) 4. Crus Penis (0) Obturator membrane — (b) Colles Fascia 5. Perineal Membrane. of Perineum THE ACETABULUM -Alarge deep cup shaped hemispherical Cavity forms Hip-joint with the Head of Femur © Features Surface Contibution 1. Articular 2. Non-articular lium 40% Ischium 40%. Pubis 20% Lunate Acetabular fossa Upper 2/5 part Post. 2/5 part Ant. 1/5 part Horse shoe shape Synovial membrane © OBTURATOR FORAMEN A Large opening ‘Anteroinferior to Acetabulum bin Pubis and Ischium, {@ Contents - Obturator vessels & nerve, | Large and oval in Males os Small and triangular in Females. f 58Name of Bone: © According to Ayurveda - self Position: @ According toAyurveda - RUN @ According to Modern - Thigh Region Type of Bone: According to Ayurveda - *ererrfeer e AccordingtoModem - Long Bone Ossification : © Primary Centte-1 © Secondary Centre - 4 Side Determination : EMUR 4 Upper End 2. Shaft i 3. Lower end © Rounded Head © Cylindrical © Wide Directed Medialy Anteriorlly Convex bear's condyles Features : © Parts i. Upper end ii. Shaft ii, Lower end |. Upper end Head Neck Greater Trochanter Lesser Trochanter Intertrochanteric line Interrochanterc ces © Head Roughened pit fovea Articulate with the Acetabulum to form the Hip joint NECK beta ee Surfaces (Two oe feeeceaeeet = Tar sre har © GREATER TROCHANTE! fot Boer ee el fe Anterior Medial Lateral Rough Above Below Oblique ridge t © Gluteus Medius (1) Rough Impressions Deep © Obturator internus (I) Trochantric Fossa ‘© Superior gemollus (I) © Inferior gemellus (I) 60° Le Surfaces (Two © Shaft ——____ Anterior Medial Rough part Atthe base © Psoas Major) © acu () i) Medial i) Lateral iil) Spiral line 'SSER TROCHANTER | | 5 Posterior Upper tI8 Mite | ‘Smooth "i © Adductor Magnus © Upper 1/3 JORDERS (FOUR) iv Lateral ip ofthe Gluteat Tuber, Vastus Medialis (0) luteus Maximus (I) © SURFACES ( FOUR i) Anterior il) Medial i Lateral iv) Posterior © Vastus inter medialis (0) © Vastus inter medialis (0) © Middle 1/3 © BORDERS (THREE) © SURFACES (THREE) + 1 |) Medial i) Lateral i) Posterior i) Anterior il) Medial i) © Vas. lateralis (0) © Vastus © Peetineus (I) © Add. Longus (I) intermedius (0) © Lower 1/3 © BORDERS (FOUR ) 1) Medial 2)Lateral 3) Medial 4) Lateral Supra condylar line ‘Supra condyjlar line © Add. Magnus (I) © Short Head of Biceps Femoris (0) eSURFACES ( FOUR ) 1) Anterior 2) Medial 3) Lateral 4) Popliteal i) Late condyle Less Prominent Flat © Popliteus (0) © Gastroenemius (0) (Lateral head) © Lower end il) Medial yea Most Prominent, Com” © Adductor Magnus () | EName of Bone : e According to Ayurveda - rater According to Modern - Patella Introduction : e The Largest Sesamoid Bone in the Body. : : | ¢@ Itis Sesamoid Bone that develops in the tendon of the Quadriceps Femoris muscles Shape : Small triangular bone and is flattened from before backwards. Situation : Itis located anteriorly to the Knee Joint. Type of Bone: © According to Ayurveda - apart e According to Modem - Flat Bone Ossification centre : From multiple centres Side Determination : © Pointed apex lies inferiorly. e Anterior surface is rough. ® Lateral facet on the posterior surface in larger and deeper than medial facet. © Features : An Apex Border (3) Surface (2) Directed downword Superior Lateral Medial Anterior Posterior 4 Form © Base Subcutaneous © Thick border and convex An oval facet in its upper part Lower Part Divided into two by a vertical ridge © Noy act part Lateral Facet Medial Facet © Attachment to Ligamentum Patellae e Large © Articulates with Medial @ Arficulates with Lateral Condyle of Femur Condyle of Femur e Attachment on the Patella ‘Superior Border Lateral Border Medial Border © In front Rectus Femoris (I) © Vastus Lateralis (I) © Vastus Mecialis() © Behind Vastus intermedius (I) Clinical Anatomy - e Lateral dislocation of the patella. Bursitis Occurs in prepatellar and subcutaneous infrapatellar burs?- 64Name of Bone : eu | © According to Ayurveda -— eiefienfea | © According to Modern - Thia Position ; Medial bone of the leg Type of Bone : © According to Ayurveda = rere | © According to Modern = Long Bone | Ossification centre : Primary Centre - 4 Secondary Centre-2 Peculiarities : © Second largest Bone of the body. ‘© {tis also called shin Bone. © The Tibia is the Medial and larger Bone of leg. Side Determination : 1, The upper end is much larger than the lower end. 2. The medial side of the lower end project downwards beyond the rest of the bone. Projection is called as “Medial Malleolus". 3, Ant, Border of shaft is most prominant & Crest like . © Features : Upper end Shaft Lower end © UPPER END 1 oe Lateral condyle Intercondyle area ‘Semi Membranous is inserted ne Digitorum © Cruciate torent ‘ona smooth on the posterior surface. Longus area. © Medial meniscus infront of Medial articular surface. © Lateral meniscus infront of Anterior Cruciate Ligament: 2. SHAFT. i) Sonisss @) i) Surtees (3) OCC Antaior Newial Interogseous stschentts ‘Thiel Colatécal Ligament Tibiofbular igement DeepFasda Soleus ii) SURFACES (Three| i 1 Posterior Negal Lael @ Pogliteus (I) © Grdis (I) @ Tidialis Anterior (0) © Flexor Digtorum Lengus (0) © Sertorus (0) @ Quatriceps Femoris oiginesss @ Tidialis post (0) @ Semitendinosus (|) from tibial tuberosity, 3. LOWER END t + Media! Malicolus attached Dekoid Ligament a Ant Stace Medal’Suace Post Suface — Leterl Surface Infesor Surtace8g F i © Ng to M 7s ituation « Fibula ON? Lateral bone of the leg. Shape: ay, ne Type of Bone © According to Ayurveda ~ FRR, } ° According to Modem > Long Bone Ossification Centre : e Primary Centre - 4 © Secondary Centre-2 Side Determination : 1. Al directions - Upper end or Head 2. Anteroposterioriy ~ lower end or Lateral Malleolus. 3. Anteriorly - The Medial Side of the Lower end 4. Posteriorly - Mal lleolar Fossa, © Features : Upper End Shaft Lower End e UPPER END ¥ of Head or Styloid Process Bears a circular articular Facet Apex {articulate ae : te le Capsular Ligament eee | Tibiofibular joint 1 oleus Biceps Femoris v (0) (0) attache A ‘bular- a Ligament of Knee joi = @ SHAFT Surfaces (3) Borders (3) 70@ BORDERS (THREE) ae + a | Anterior Posterior Medial or ipteroseay | : ing just below the Ant, Styloid process to Lateral lies just medial to he aspect ofthe Head malleolus anterior border | | } attachment J attachmen | | attachment Posterior intermuscular Interosseous | 1 septum Membrane } _....,1 7 f + intermusculer Superior Extensor Superior | septum of leg Retinaculum Peroneal Retinaculum | i t | k ¥ + Medial Lateral Posterior bin the Ant. & 4. Peroneus longus (0) i Is border 2. Peroneus brevis (O) Longest 4. Extensor Digitotum Longus (0) 7 2. Extensor Hallucis Longus (0) Bin the Interossecus ent 3. Peroneus tertius (0) Posterior border ——— + ? Soleus from the upper 1/4 (O) Flexor Hallucis its lower 34(0) | LOWER END OR LATERAL - MALLEOLUS Anterior surface Lateral'Surface Medial Surface yattachment 1 Anterior Talofbular f bears tC« Ligament Anteriorly Posterory 1 Tallus Triangular area Malleolarfoss@ | 4 Y q | Below Interosseous Tibiofibular Anteriorly Tibiofibular —_Posteriorly Tibiofibular fi Ligament Ligament ligament Interior Transve Tibiofibular Ligam®™ @ BLOOD SUPPLY - Peroneal artery {enters Posterior surface 7” :BOON ane of the Boney @ Aocontig to Ayuiveda = @ Agponting td Mode > Taral ype of Bone: i @ Aowoniing to Ayurveda, = aie @ Aooonting to Modem ~ — Short Bone Positions Made up of Seven Tarsal Bone arranged In wo Rows Proximal Row Distal . Talus above & Calcaneus Below Four Tarsal Bone lying side by side Number of Bones 7: Ossified Bone eset eres cree) eee) Talus (1) Calcaneus (1) Navicular (1) Cunelforms (3) Cuboid (1) 4, TALUS (Second largest tarsal bone) Side Determination : Rounded head : Directed Forward — Trochlear articular surface of the body : Upward © Facet : laterally, A comma shaped facet lies medially. Features Head Neck Body e Head Ant. Surface is Oval & Convex Inf, Surface is marked by 3 articular areas separated by indistinct ridge e Directed Forward © Slightly Downward & Medially © Neck Constricted part of Set obliquely on the body In habitual squatters squatting facet the Bone is commonly found on the upper & lateral part of the NeckCuboidal in Shape Attachment on the Talus - © Bod) Surfaces (Five ) 1, Superior Surface 2. Trochlear Surface 3. Inferior Surface 4. Medial Surface 5. Lateral surface 4.Neck- (a) Distal part of the dorsal surface - Capsular Ligament. (b) Inferior surface - Interosseous Talocalcanean and Cervical Ligament (c) Lateral part - Anterior Talofibular Ligament. 2. Medial Surface of the Body - Deep fibres of the Deltoid Ligament 3. Groove on the Posterior Surface - Tendon of the Flexor Hallucis Longus. Ossification - From one Centre ‘© During 6° month of intrauterine life. 2. CALCANEUS OR CALCANEUM Largest Tarsal Bone, Roughly Cuboidal ‘Six Surfaces Anterior Posterior Dorsal or Plantar Lateral Medial Surface Surface Primary centre - 4 {Ant Surface (Small) AConcavoconvex articular facet for the cuboid Ant. Post Surface Surface Smallest. —_Devided Surface into 3.Aeas Upper Middle Lor Sup. Surface Surface Surface Surface © Ossification - Secondary Centre -1 © Side Determination Dorsal or Upper Surface Lateral Surface (Fiat) * Alarge convex articular Medial surface concave surface in the middle from above downwards © Features Dorsal Planter Lateral Medial Surface Surface Surface Surface Devided Rough& Rough Concave into Marked by Flat Downward 3 Areas 3 Tubercles ayco S.NAVIGULARBONES Navioular bone is Boat shap rr © Surface (Three Ant. Surface Post. Surface Dorsal Surface Convex & divided into = Concave = Broad 3 Facet for the 3 Cuneiform bones = Oval = Convex Attactment - 4. Tuberosity ofthe Navicular Bone -Tibialis posterior (I) 2, Planter surface - Spring ligament or planter calcaneonavicular ligament, 3. Lateral surface - Bifurcate ligament. Ossification - From the centre = During the 3° year of life. 4, CUNEIFORM BONES Fei iS Thee Cuneiform Bones Wedge Shaped Bone This forms a deep Recess for the base of Second - Metta © Medial bone © Intermidiate © Lateral Ossification - Ech Cuneiform bone ossifes from one centre, which appears during the first year inthe lateral cuneiform, 5 t | | | f | | | | | | | ] | | | | during the second year in the medial cuneiform, and during the thd year in the intermediate cuneiform bone. 5. CUBOID (Lateral Bone of the Distal row of the Tarsus) Features - Surface (6) Proximal Distal Dorsal Plantar Lateral Medial (Calcaneum) (4° & 5° (Ligament) (Anterioly- (Short & (Partly articular Metatarsal) oblique groove) notched) partly nonarticular) (An oval facet in the middle articulates with the lateral cuneiform bone) Attachment - Peroneus Longus - On the Notch of lateral surface & groove on the plantar surface. Long Planter Ligament - Ridge posterior to the groove. ‘Short Planter Ligament - Posterior border of the planter surface. Non-articular part - Ligaments, including the lateral limbs ofthe bifurcate ligament, Ossification - From the Centre - Appears just before birth. 78me of the Bone + fl According to Ayurveda e According to Modern Type of Bone : e According to Ayurveda According to Modern aS = Ue aera - Metatarsal were - Long Bone Position: Bin Tarsal & Phallanges. crear HERA = 10 YATE = 10 ergs = 10 Feature - Medial to lateral Shaft ¢ Slightly ae Dorsally © Concave Ventrally Identification - First Metatarsal Bone - © Shortest and thickest @ For transmission of body wes Longest, Wedge shaped Lateral side of base © One facet Proximal Surface © Quadrangular Cuboid bone © Metatarsal bone (Five) Proximal End Distal End + © Set Obliquely Flattened from side to side © Project Backwards & Laterally iH o 2" Metatarsal Bone Lateral side of base Medial side of base © Two facet ‘@ One facet © 3 Metatarsal Bone Medial side of base @ Two, facets Dorsal Plantar 4” Metatarsal Bone Lateral side Medial side One facet for 5” One facet MetatarsalMetatarsal Bone Lateral ee Meidal side @ Styloid process Backward & Laterally important Attachment ; » First Metatarsal - Tibialis Anterior medial side of base. » Shaft of Metatarsal Bone - Origin of Interosseous » 5° Metatarsal - Peroneus Brevis, inserted on Dorsal Tuberosity, Metatarsal - Origin of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis from Planter Surface, e 1° Metatarsal Bone - Peroneus longus inserted on large impression on infer One facet for 4” Metatarsal rior angle of Lateral Surface. © Ossification + Primary Centret Secondary Centre1 Name of the Bone : © According to Ayurveda - © According to Modern - _ Phallanges Type of Bone : © According to Ayurveda - sere © According to Modern - Short Bone om Fie we wR Modern 30 30 28 (14 phallanges in each foot) Great toes Other toes 2 Phallanges 3 Phallanges © Wma g orang real afin aor aR eae | (Gam. 5/19) © 14 Joints Each Phallanges 3-3 In Thumb 2 © Mri urerg gai arora: wag. qwA age | (aU. 5/28)Dorsal venous arch Great Toe 1 + Medial Side @ Planter Interosseous Muscie Lateral Side © Abductor Digiti Minimi Brevis | Laterally © Adductor Hallucis © Arterial Supply Dorsalis pedis artery Arcuate’artery © VENOUS - SUPPLY Medial dorsal digital vein © NERVE - SUPPLY Deep Peroneal Nerve.