Hemodialysis machine

a machine filters wastes, salts and fluid from your blood when your
kidneys are no longer healthy enough to do this work adequately.
Hemodialysis is one way to treat advanced kidney failure and can
help you carry on an active life despite failing kidneys.

Dialysis indication: AEIOU

Acid-base problem
Electrolytes problem
Intoxication
Overload, fluid
Uremic symptoms

Complication of Hemodialysis:
- hypertension , hypotension
-Itching
-muscle cramps
-hyperkalemia , hypokalemia
-access site complication: infection , narrowing, blockage

There are three ways of access:

Central Venues Catheter.
AV Fistula
Graft.
Central venues Catheter (CVC):
y-shaped tube that is threaded through your skin into a central vein in your neck, chest or
groin. A CVC is not usually intended to be a permanent type of access. If you need
immediate or emergency dialysis or cannot receive and don’t have an AV fistula or graft, you
will require a CVC.

AV Fistula:
an actual surgical connection made between an artery and a vein. An AV fistula is most often
created in your non-dominate arm, but sometimes it can be created in your leg. This access
results in an increased blood flow rate through the vein, which helps enlarge and strengthen
the vein. An AV fistula allows a higher rate of blood to flow back and forth from your vein to a
dialysis machine.

AV Graft:
AV Graft is also a surgical procedure do it if the patient have blocked or damaged veins, or
veins that are too small for a fistula, but instead of connecting the artery directly to the vein,
one end of a small hollow, synthetic tube will be connected to your vein, and the other end will
be connected to your artery.