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    145-Article Text-459-1-10-20160519

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    6 oara ef Moder Hellenism No, 197 Inconelusion, [would ike totes that there are no reconcile ‘oppositions hetween Realism, Romaotcism, a th depiction ffl ways (ethographia), three stains present in the writings of Papadiamants. Conventional literary terms ae often deed ina equate to define the variety of modes found in European Roma ism, Are not sich "Resists" as Manzoni, Metimes, and Stendhal Romanicists as wel? Many contemporary ets conser Realism asa major component ofthe Romie Movement. one which ame to assume a dominant role in prove wring daring the second half of ‘he nineteenth century Ia Germany a distinguished group of prose writer ofthe period oughly 1830-1880, Anette von Droste Hs, Adalbert Stes, Goeied Keller, Teodor Storm, and Jeremiay Gott, wrote sons /Novelen) characterized by ditsed roman mand lsothat ery quality we callin Grok thographia. In Storm, for example, the landscape of his Northem homeland, Schleswig Holstein, becomes the setting fo his melancholy andthe backdrop forthe apie dramas he relates, the unflile lve i "mmensea ‘heconstant struggle wath the unrelenting sean “Dee Schimmel andthe devotion ofthe good fate o his worthless som in “Carsten Curator” The Germans ell hi mixture of Romanticism and Real. ism Poetscher Realismus, and this is erm that we might wel ap propriate o describe the work of Alexandros Papadiamants 2s wel, "Barn 196199: "he fe pe of roma i on af ext sn; vteniting ‘pclae nal ls Roman ‘oun the hemes fhe ety iif fst movement. Then hee tenes dena de ch Te mt er veo eRe ism Symboi Neraom” Pee, 97/201 25s te Ran Sint wens of Lane i Pert anal ane ees ofthe secon! tal fhe nxt any Ha loom poe ‘ndrmen tht English Romania cover the eae intent ey (Keno (ea: 177). Mikis Theodoral Music, Culture, and the Creative Process ‘PYROS D. ORFANOS. Music helped pocry to become necessary, necessary to man ike bread and wine Yarns Risos Understanding the evocative and expressive power of music ty ean about it not possible, The maical expenience defies verbal ‘ramizaton even when the cits i talented one. Musi we know (Gees us great del of information - aesthetic, emotional historical, End evn philosophical Thus ts clea that writing about music isa ital ask, Understanding the creative power and impact of Grcce’s premier composer, Mikis Theodora, i an even more formidable {ink The songs and music ofthis seventy-three yearol year old com poser ave been both enovative and waditionl at the same time. He {esa an astonishing popularity in Greece, Europe the United tates tnd South America, He sa complex aist nd an activist with dis position that can bet be described as a unigue combination of sensi- nity, imagination, independence, and radicalism. While highly in- telectal, Theodorakis i able f9 communicate pasions and ideas ‘even ander physical and psychologial conditions of extnoninary Stes His profound concemns for sora and politcal justice are roted {nis persona history and his efit ieology. While often idealized, hts aot without controversy ‘uring the period of 1960 to 1975, when Theodorakis was at he height of his popula, he may have Been one ofthe mos influential Figures onthe Greck peyche, From 1975 tothe present, Theaorakis ‘as conned to compote muse of ret heauty and artistic integrity And to be partcpant nth cla apd political uments of Grece " Joarva ef Moder Hellen No 1,197 ire is von 2 cetvy andthe ability to galvanize a word wide autence, here sup few shoal sais ht ae ‘een pubis in Eglish ‘With foros on Mlks Theodora, th v hs paper ams a appying a Dale uertaig oe ltntip age sh Enltualand creative process that hve een operate i srs Greece Teooralisis very oli amps Creing mi poli ct fori yet athe same tine san esther this makes ipl elo analy the ent of his work. seth tnd Si Ch ee os BO Metre Jara f fetnnce Tass en fee ae Srvc hn rh Ca ee Ana Moto the anne 9 na ete as eae ‘2st ht an ee ane? lel aon sea wee 8 sneer ig nat ae ‘na i en ey io wey ie egy oe Spins cic be nto Pitoanlyt wn an ths meas ha am sn ewes dea Drchntayticblels soe ua Tres bat comcperey paving el a a scone thw mana ot agpeioe sara pases tow these espera igh comes whee cpa Seccmmhtteiorone mteaay anette ee rho: Theodorais ° Give th vss and comple of te opi mist const eaSSlsery shoul bent at hs nd clr re ot Se al nar Tote esi tise n= Sel Seiam of soul cua comme, irl, dc Gace i wiy ncessiy exc mmeros composers and tnt reset fer, chav Mans Hada, Vslls aan en alien nh wes ao highly sta. Bt ny Tear Wat Thoda fas bent far hemos seca Grek compre of oie Greek Music Tike many peoples ofthe wor, Greeks, since ther ancien days ae been greatly involved in msc. Cran the perception here in the United States, after the films Never om Sunday (music by Hadjidakis) in 1960 and Zorba the Gree (muse by Theodora in 1965, that Greeks love music and dance. Of cours, this love of Song and dace has had bad press withthe saccharine “Soovenie ftom Greece” assets, but the soul terested can find ich, ‘avid and visionary musical ation in Gece simple seth ofthe various major rots ht canbe ai 0 con suiate Greek music might include: demotd, the Byzantine melos, nd rebetta, Demorias folk mic and dance ofthe rr aess and islands The Byzantine melo is exclesiatic melody with links to [Ancient Greece, Rebeia is, oughly speaking, music, dance, and Songs of te harbors, botel, an the ites, chiely ofthe lower and working classes Rebetia were poplin the 1920s and 1920 By the 1940s and 1980s, they became known a lak. ‘Other important musical element tbe included would be Acritc and kiepie bales. old Easter folksongs camtodas and the ht European song, Aerie balla are epi songs ofthe ninth century ‘Byantine het, Digenis Acris. Klepic ballads ae heroic tales of 1h century resistance fighers against the Turks. Old Eastern fotsongs include Arabi, Indian, Sei, and Turkish rhythrs and teins Canadas oe sons fot Hay, Prieto the 1960, classical tose plyed a minor ole in Greck muse isening Roderick Beaton his aged that unlike otber European counties, ‘Graze tas never really assimilated the casial msial tration of her west neighbors, This wat dv othe deep-seated hatred of he ‘Greek Orthodos for everything Frankish, which gos back even be 20 Joumat ef Moder Heeiom No 1,197 yond he Fourth Crusade. Farber, was due tothe effet of Ottoman Tukish in lost al prs ofthe Greck-speaking worl drag the very centres (he siatenth tthe nineteenth) when the Ea ran musical tndion was reaching fullest development ‘Writing about the music developments in Greve, Theodorkis observed that Inthe same period when aly was giving bit o Viva nd Rossii, Germany to Bach and Mora, and France her Couperin, cur‘composer” were “writing their mas: terpiees:thedrges of Mani, the Cretan isa, the songs and dances of Roumei Epos, athe islands Bat soar “composers” were cither shepherds o fishermen, it was notexpete th their techaigue would go yond the ims Of unsophisticated inspiration. Thus the song ferme med hidden amidst the people, mining forever unknown. ‘Asa music crt inthe cal 19505, Thodorakis attempted to de fine what constitutes peauine Greek style of msi. He was etc ofthe lack of substantive musial eduction in Grece and Bliened ‘hath alin and German- Austrian traditions dominated Greck con services and concer. He wrote that, The followers ofthe socalled sional Schoo of Music like Manolis Kalomiis, Marios Varvoslis, Spycor Evangelos ct tied combine the Gack melodic world ‘with the Wester technigu. Thus thy took the harmon: ics, the orchestral echngue and the forms ofthe Europe. ansin ode to dress them With hese Grek mostly demote songs and dances, Butunlike Stavnsky and Bela Bartok who tok the char ‘acter ofthe folk melodies in tying also-and hei where the greatness of ther work isto be foundo create new ‘echnical foundation and elaborations tats tarmodics thytims, orchestral colors, musical forms, which would soring directly fom the new melodic world, the Grock Rote Beno, “The At othe Grek Folk Hetenim 31986). “Quoted in Ginna 9.19, Song” Sura of Moder nyscs whom hv st mentioned wed unchanging ims demic melodies, ang her That homme etnige of Eoopean musi, uaered and site. i herein to be expected hat sich methodology ill tad toa Grech ater thanx genuine reek ms {Etonk Fartennorg be serie tation of he West Shima ideology, combination withthe forged cha Sie of the moder Grek symphonic work, ered the ‘isis af our county’ pope rom asic endeavor: mead cls ine compo an Marxist ike many sun eckmcleculso iste ar npr speak othe oad poet audience. What he consciously wished to champion was i palar song of his day, the laiko song. He saw in the laio cet refer could he stat qs an erie Sone reine foe tha could cre sess Snopes The word sk” meanso the pop I uy song uses ss cit instrument he Dowco (feng Mise sing stones with a ale pearshaped wooden back of Geeco-Tshbskground Th atom followed the masa hon ofthe rebee, bt nea of simply emphasizing is hat Slee ecaiss els and er, expanded to themes ofp holga! nd soil despa ~ Dug 1545 wien Ges was sci fe Gea cht a Sng “co Suny” Nn Tan ‘Shes veld tonen forthe dencrehonln anh thes ppce Te nsx opty none IRat itor ped by word of mow, fort wasnt eowded nl Pa 1940s that Tes ag is pot imrionnes ine a 1 “hens was invedeed 1 lao song by fellow psoes who “Teoorakis, Matic and Teter 29230 Sinan ans of Clty Suny Teor ind hat te ey ‘Tatas comord iene Bani me, Hemet casey roy pemaco? Frias, Coy Sa fins Geckeand-Sympbory fo be Brae Yous Grek te See" ‘rst Cr nTosdorai Masi an Tete, 2 2 Soule Moder Helio No 1, 1987 came from the poorurban areas nd therefore were fail with songs “ofthe people" He wrote down the melodies and began fs ana of heir musical ous By the late 190s, Theodora elized that vas these songs that neaded to Bea the core of his musical eva. The Life and Times of Mikis Theadorakis ete that we an say that Theodoraki' creative journey had its ‘roots in the era before his bith on the island of Chios on Sly 28, 1925. He was bor into a modest family and commit tat wat traumatized bythe Asia Minor Catastrophe of 1922. Dring ths “ea. tastrophc” the Turks slaughtered the Grecks of Syma burned the «tothe ground, ndcreated 1 million efugees tht then ha tobe sbsorbed by mainland Greece. This was one ofthe fist of the major rises that befell Greece. Some ave aged that fom th tne til 1974, Greece hasbeen in continuous political and eeenomic esis with ony afew shoe period of sai.” Miki Theodoraks’ mother Aspasia Puls, as refuge fom ‘Teesmes, a coastal city in Asia Minor. She came fom an edacted and established family His father, Yorgos Thendoraki, government civil servant, was fom the village of Galata in Crt, and was the ‘descendent of along ine of feedom fighters, cians, and polit ans who had fought for Grek independenc. Yorgos Theodora mse had been exiled fom Crete the times fr his resistance to “Turkish oppression ‘Theodorakis openly talks about the experience of his parents as ‘users on Chios andthe effect it ha on him’ He recall is moter being ostracized ding comfort only with her own kind od eter refages from Tsemes. He observed her shame and sadness, nr. ingly enough, when the faily visite Cree the father’s home, his mother as teated as an outsider there fo because she Was ot rom (Crete and she had maried a lea! palitari (a worthy lad. Yorgos ‘Theodorakismoved from posto post as governments changed, Thus ‘yung Mikis (Michail) moved with is family to numerous provin Nikos Alves, Poca! Into in Criss, 1922-1974: Aspect of ‘he Greek Esperiece (in Gres (ater. 1989), "eriews with stor ein hens mur 1998. rfc: Theodrais Bi at nds and tos ike Lest, oi, Kf, Pata nd los, rer ans was or Wel ts Teodor ener lsat eed intimate urlony ith te beatnking Gres aneae ofthe mourns se ands But tte sane tin, he aeons ete asst and clon to eal conmaniy, of ing ees Hover Ge Sctcany at loving family and he Gk Onbdox Cac te ote rangin chose or remendoos pajehologia sre wee ear) mores ae evan o te Kn of email hi pew up inh ist ory oi ate singing dongs tots moter Th second moles ans hte 15 Meta would nays engage in when the aly roca A Sal til olen forte many teks thy ced. Te Sk Smite of creck and Enropean ere an Posey ee i capesinof be adie raped on knoe were Fein srt Tush he only otal tenth very ey yu of Mis Teds foc of experiences having odo wih oppression ama: and trl, He eloped «pe sme st ad pl aur: ysl and pole saa was cheve ty eve ofan the Cte nn an erate Tes pot Ms type it eck Trim ome ant being presen an tilt. and that hs Serena Gea ens msf e iono Gesks tote cue andthe epee Bu Grcks ave nays {pet hase snd trams nd when Thedoas Epos masicaout he sis nd seas of Grescean fatal bods Sad le hs too resonated withthe Grek pyche: Furtbe,when fe purponfl inde and ssh ec mn of Greece and {eaeown te bres bateen poplars concer mein Gree teres pr sing his on wound ths pent ands > Fears scant kts ovlope ey nats auth get twelve ha wtf is st ompostons and nT Yannis Thendral tecame on acoplstd post. Mis Theodor sccmecttstinct ares py of hs ee Yrs Theodora 4 Jounal ef Moder Meleism No 1,197 polis atte pf sventenin 10, composed he inch Kastan The nex yor sl n Tops fe boame eine a he ‘stance nd was arty Taian erties Inpro he ws tore forte it tine Ot snes encouraged fn eal Lon and Marae became reer th Communist Party Ltr the ear ving joc Tipo Athens to cot hs mse stds ten ois ends inthe estan wets ane Ie ov cree The decade ofthe 1904 wa ron ifaltone for Gece with th Meta dtr he caption nd essence snd iit War aking «pte oll, Seno and pyc toon he cout. the being ofthe ede, 300 200 Cre die ot hanger dng the fumin By le he eae ante 250.000 ae ile ie wie and ita, Geman sh Ba fara ception. Fox Thetoaiy test af fe dense as Extemaly important He boc cme ofthe yout sx of EAM. te National Librston Fron Ani he met Myo oes, amare lta ofthe youth rap who ten es te becane Wife He joined the Atens Conservatory her he ssid wth Philkitis Economist mas oso pty. hl eros owe ob fh Geman, nd ten Bish oop Erplaning liv act Nebr “And we doen esta reat de Tn 1946 aa demons comes othe ton, Teadrakis vasteacnimeriesly and ancnsionsty Grek oping Le He wine oro fal seal He we cn amas th ee, seed by comss, He nape ‘th he help of mambo the ssa” As tel faa acrethe Won inhi igh ee wa permarem damaged 8 sil lgly arf the lao ong Tek wt in and ‘eaten th snd fan a eth Toca wre te as ei fois commont citi The js ae yt pst ‘orents Mian he compoe dade work Net fare wt. He also compe concen mass io mary eee exceed fenton bth ofthe Ci War, Sythe Dead Ser ae. Spry Ne. Twas wile impone aaa a ter Maks tht he card embtan ad assed by th eteaing melee 1196, th Communi elon olan he mona, Thee rho: Thedoris 2s perma excetons on Makonse. He witnespedhundresot ki escunstanty thesenel with xen Binet and was bd I oy i ntaussadt Lae Yet be ost re-neton saan wanted oa miliary hsp wher be was expected to se Far, Yrgo Teoraki acl scarce ft him and fej tohue ts son tansiored the mainland deers Bray 9st the was a calion government and Deooris Seated rom te Airs Conroy. Heconinued is "ary Bee beans of is Commas rerrd was Used with seo Maken He ature snc by swallowing nyo tems cold ot ar expr the hore api. or Sesto ed. atheros im again cere ans TioCite A decaf wine esstane, fat agate A oes ‘Bathe spas repressive Greek goverment, let Theodorkis ina Shc or despa and depression, Neverols hpi create man #1952, Theodorakis retuned to Athens and became a music critic forthe ef wing ly Avg Hectic the nasil exabisinest {eth faue to rosce Grek schol of msi He maid Myr Iitoplon nowt pysin i Mach of hat ye Both apply and {tes scholarship om French government Mikio Sy Os {Stansis and conducing athe French Coserstry with Olver Messac’ aa agen ig and Mytoto spells ragrpky aie Cure Fondation Tn Pans fom 198401960, Theodrais dan fo the msi of Suavisky an Baro, wo gre casa composes who (ok io decom he ecm of tir spective counties, Russia and Hung, Doring th ext ei of years Be wot a urbe of con Ceri alt ses, an mses afd became qt aces fr In 1957, he wen the Gold Mets he Mone Mai Fesval In 193, following sight ssniedbl “Ago” with Margot Fomeynat Covet Garden, we was noite forth Asian Copley Mae Piss Best Ewopean Compo othe eur Dstt Sc ose Theoak fe hat Dron casa cig asi in He gna writing msc 0 ple of poms by Yas Rios, uring Worl We, Mesrinn was ar poner of war at Goetz fortwo years He to composed muse whi in peson 2% Jour of Moder Helenion No, 1997 Eptaphios Wis im was o crete a musical evolution centered on ‘genuine Grek melodies and deliverance fom eit European ecm Following the bith of his davghe, Margarita in 1959, and his son ‘Yorgosin 1960, MikisTheodoraki sparked seen year cultural revo, lucion in Greece with his song eyele Epitaphicr. He followed -Eptaphios by seting to music George Sefer’ Epiphana,Lacoves Kambaneli’ Mauthawen, Brendan Behan’ The Hostage, Odysseus Elytis' Lif Cyclades and Axion Est, Yannis Rtsos'Romiassi and Federico Garcia Lorea's Romancero Giten He was inspired by revo luvonary energy ad along with eter composers, such as, Manos Haajdais, Christos Leon, Manos Loizos, Yanis Markopotlon ‘Stavros Karchakos, and others, gave Greek musi bck its dignity ‘The enormous success ofthe “artistic popular song in Gresve was tely a creation ofthe first-order. Unlike Europe, wit its casita tions of symphonic msc ight muse, oper, pop msc. Greece now had a more inclusive quality to is muse Thenlraks observed that in Greee. the aim was no onl o embrace the senses and the heat Greek music aspired to embrace “the mind, mana, nlecta ‘ity, the aesthtie deliverance, and fly the moral an sprit: cation, the intra iestion "| {In the midst ofthis cultural revoltion (1960-1967), Theodoakis

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