Parts: Uterine or fallopian tube is divided into four parts (Fig.

8)

Infundibulum It is the funnel-shaped lateral or distal end of the uterine tube, measuring 125 cm

It is closely related to ovary.

Its opening into peritoneal cavity is called abdominal ostium. (abdownl Abdominal ostium is surrounded
by a number of radiating fimbriae (20-25),

One of the fimbriae is longer than rest and is attached to the outer pole of the ovary called ovarian
fimbria.

During ovulation, the fimbriae trap the oocyte and sweep it through the abdominal ostium into the
fimbria

2. Ampulla

It begins at the medial end of infundibulum.

It is the tortuous part where fertilization occurs.

Ampulla is the widest and longest part of the uterine tube, making up over half of its length.

3. Isthmus

It is short (2.5 cm), narrow, thick walled part of the uterine tube.

The lumen is 1-2 mm in diameter.

4. Interstitium

It is the narrowest part and measures 1.25 cm in length

Structure of Fallopian Tube

It consists of three layers

1. Serous

2. Muscular

3. Mucous layer

Mucous membrane is lined by:

Columnar ciliated epithelial cells

Secretory columnar cells

Peg cells.

Relations to other Structures

Anterior, posterior and superior: The peritoneal cavity and intestines:

Lateral: The sidewalls of pelvis Inferior: The broad ligament and ovaries.

Medial: The uterus lies between two uterine tubes.

Blood Supply of Uterine Tubes

The blood supply is via uterine and ovarian arteries, returning by the conesponding veins.

Lymphatic Drainage of the Uterine Tubes

This is through the lumbar glands.

Functions of Fallopian Tubes

Transportation of gametes.

The site for fertilization.

To facilitate survival of zygote through its secretion. (Secretion of fallopian tube contains pyruvate for

nourishment of ovum).

Ovaries

Ovaries are paired sex glands or gonads in females. Each gland is oval in shape and pinkish greyin color
and surface is scarred during reproductive period. It measures about 3 cm in length, 2 cm in breadth and
1 cm in thickness. Each ovary presents two ends: Tubal and uterine, two borders: Mesovarium and free
posterior and two surfaces: Medial and lateral.

Structure
From the outer side, ovaries are covered by a layer of simple-cuboidal epithelium called
germinal(ovarian) epithelium. It is actually the visceral peritoneum that envelops the ovaries.
Underneath this layer, there is dense connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea. The substance of
the ovaries is distinctly divided into an outer cortex and inner medulla..

Cortex: Looks more dense and granular due to presence of numerous ovarian follicles. Each follicle
contains an oocyte, a female germ cell.

Medulla: It consists of loose connective tissue with abundant blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerve
fibers. avoursion arking (branch of abdominal acuita)

Blood Supply

The blood supply is from the ovarian arteries and venous drainage is from ovarian veins

Lymphatic Drainage

It occurs via lumbar glands.

Function:-

Germ cell maturation, storage and its release.

Steroidogenesis (Production of sex hormones, namely estrogen and progesterone).

Accessory Reproductive Organs

It includes pelvic floor muscles, pelvic fascia, pelvic cellular time, female uretors, urinary bladder pe
ureter and the breast. The most important accessory reproductive organ, in breast

Breast

The breasts are modified sebaceous glands. They constitute an accessory reproductive organ as the
glands are concerned with lactation following childbirth.

The shape of the breast varies in women and also during different periods of life. But the size of the be
of the breast is fairly constant. It usually extends from 2nd to 6th rib in the midclavicular line.
Structure

Areola is placed about the center of breast and is pigmented. It is about 2.5 cm in diameter.

Montgomery glands are accessory glands located around the periphery of the areola. They can secrute
small amount of breast milk, but they mostly produce a natural, oily substance that cleans and
habricates the nipple and areola.

Nipple is a muscular projection covered by pigmented skin. It is vascular and surrounded by unstristed
muscles which make it erectile. It has about 15-20 lactiferous ducts and their openings. Each milk duct
dilates to form lactiferous sinus at about 5-10 mm away from its opening in the nipple. During sucking by
newborn, milk from the sinuses squeezes into oropharynx of infant.

Blood Supply

Lateral thoracic branches of the axillary artery

Internal mammary

Internal costal arteries

Nerve Supply

The nerve supply is from 4th, 5th and 6th intercostal nerves.

Development

The parenchyma of the breasts is developed from the ectoderm. the mesoderm. The connective tissue
stroma develops from mesoderm