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Finance
SOURCES OF FINANCE
Sources of finance mean the ways for mobilizing various terms of finance to the industrial
concern. Sources of finance state that, how the companies are mobilizing finance for their
requirements. The companies belong to the existing or the new which need sum amount of
finance to meet the long-term and short-term requirements such as purchasing of fixed assets,
construction of office building, purchase of raw materials and day-to-day expenses. Sources
of finance may be classified under various categories according to the following important
heads:
When the finance mobilized with large amount and the repayable over the period will be more than five
years, it may be considered as long-term sources The long-term sources fulfil the financial requirements
of an enterprise for a period exceeding 5 years and include sources such as shares and debentures, long-
term borrowings and loans from financial institutions and commercial banks. Long-term source of
finance needs to meet the capital expenditure of the firms such as purchase of fixed assets, land, and
buildings, etc. Long-term sources of finance include:
● Equity Shares
● Preference Shares
● Debenture
● Long-term Loans
● Fixed Deposits
Short-term sources: Apart from the long-term source of finance, firms can generate finance
with the help of short-term sources like loans and advances from commercial banks,
moneylenders, etc. Short-term source of finance needs to meet the operational expenditure of
the business concerns. Short-term funds are those which are required for a period not exceeding one
year. Trade credit, loans from commercial banks and commercial papers are some of the examples of
the sources that provide funds for short duration. Short-term source of finance include:
● Bank Credit
● Customer Advances
● Trade Credit
● Factoring
● Public Deposits
categories based on the period: On the basis of ownership Sources of Finance, can be classified into
‘owned Capital’ and ‘borrowed Capital’ (Owned capital also refers to equity. It is
sourced from promoters of the company or from the general public by
issuing new equity shares. Promoters start the business by bringing in
the required money for a startup.
An ownership source of finance includes
● Retained earnings
● Debenture
● Bonds
● Public deposits
categories based on the period. Another basis of categorising the sources of funds can be whether the
funds are generated from within the organisation or from external sources (internal and
external sources of finance :)
(The internal source of capital is the one which is generated internally
by the business.) Internal source includes
● Retained earnings
● Depreciation funds
● Surplus
● Share capital
● Debenture
● Public deposits
http://accioneduca.org/admin/archivos/clases/material/sources-of-financing_1563992424.pdf
https://efinancemanagement.com/sources-of-finance#:~:text=Sources%20of%20finance%20for
%20business,and%20their%20source%20of%20generation.
https://www.toppr.com/guides/business-studies/sources-of-business-finance/classification-of-sources-
of-funds/#:~:text=Ownership%20Basis%20Sources,or%20shareholders%20of%20a%20business.
http://www.surendranathcollege.org/new/upload/PRABIR_KUMAR_BHADURISources%20of%20Finance
%20and%20Cost%20of%20Capital2020-05-24Financial%20Management.pdf