GENERAL ENGLISH SUBJECT ASSIGNMENT

ANALYZING ABSTRACTS IN JOURNAL ARTICLES

Supporting Lecturer:

Dr. Wisma Yunita, M.Pd

Arranged by:

Adiwira Aydin Wibowo

(H1A022016)

MEDICAL STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES

BENGKULU UNIVERSITY
2022
 Abstract Format:
1) Background
2) Aim/purpose
3) Method
4) Result
5) Conclusion

I. Journal Article #1 (1-2-3-4-5)

Effects of sleep deprivation on cognition

Abstract: Sleep deprivation is commonplace in modern society, but its far-reaching

effects on cognitive performance are only beginning to be understood from a scientific
perspective. While there is broad consensus that insufficient sleep leads to a general
slowing of response speed and increased variability in performance, particularly for
simple measures of alertness, attention and vigilance, there is much less agreement
about the effects of sleep deprivation on many higher-level cognitive capacities,
including perception, memory and executive functions. Central to this debate has been
the question of whether sleep deprivation affects nearly all cognitive capacities in a
global manner through degraded alertness and attention, or whether sleep loss
specifically impairs some aspects of cognition more than others. Neuroimaging evidence
has implicated the prefrontal cortex as a brain region that may be particularly
susceptible to the effects of sleep loss, but perplexingly, executive function tasks that
putatively measure prefrontal functioning have yielded inconsistent findings within the
context of sleep deprivation. Whereas many convergent and rule-based reasoning,
decision making and planning tasks are relatively unaffected by sleep loss, more
creative, divergent and innovative aspects of cognition do appear to be degraded by lack
of sleep. Emerging evidence suggests that some aspects of higher-level cognitive
capacities remain degraded by sleep deprivation despite restoration of alertness and
vigilance with stimulant countermeasures, suggesting that sleep loss may affect specific
cognitive systems above and beyond the effects produced by global cognitive declines or
impaired attentional processes. Finally, the role of emotion as a critical facet of cognition
has received increasing attention in recent years and mounting evidence suggests that
sleep deprivation may particularly affect cognitive systems that rely on emotional data.
Thus, the extent to which sleep deprivation affects a particular cognitive process may
depend on several factors, including the magnitude of global decline in general alertness
and attention, the degree to which the specific cognitive function depends on emotion-
processing networks, and the extent to which that cognitive process can draw upon
associated cortical regions for compensatory support.

Keywords: Sleep deprivation; cognition; attention; vigilance; perception; emotion;

executive function; decision making

 Red : Background
 Green : Aim/purpose
 Yellow : Method
 Turqoise : Result
 Grey : Conclusion

II. Journal Article #2 (1-2-3-4)

 Dehydration and Cognitive Performance

Human neuropsychology investigates brain-behavior relationships, using objective tools

(neurological tests) to tie the biological and behavior aspects together. The use of
neuropsychological assessment tools in assessing potential effects of dehydration is a
natural progression of the scientific pursuit to understand the physical and mental
ramifications of dehydration. It has long been known that dehydration negatively affects
physical performance. Examining the effects of hydration status on cognitive function is
a relatively new area of research, resulting in part from our increased understanding of
hydration’s impact on physical performance and advances in the discipline of cognitive
neuropsychology. The available research in this area, albeit sparse, indicates that
decrements in physical, visuomotor, psychomotor, and cognitive performance can occur
when 2% or more of body weight is lost due to water restriction, heat, and/or physical
exertion. Additional research is needed, especially studies designed to reduce, if not
remove, the limitations of studies conducted to date.

Keywords: dehydration, cognitive function, cognitive performance, fluid restriction,

exercise, heat

 Red : Background
 Green : Aim/purpose
 Yellow : Method
 Turqoise : Result
 Grey : Conclusion

III. Journal Article #3 (2-3-4)

Affiliative and prosocial motives and emotions in mental health

This paper argues that studies of mental health and wellbeing can be contextualized
within an evolutionary approach that highlights the coregulating processes of emotions
and motives. In particular, it suggests that, although many mental health symptoms are
commonly linked to threat processing, attention also needs to be directed to the major
regulators of threat processing, ie, prosocial and affiliative interactions with self and
others. Given that human sociality has been a central driver for a whole range of human
adaptations, a better understanding of the effects of prosocial interactions on health is
required, and should be integrated into psychiatric formulations and interventions. Insight
into the coregulating processes of motives and emotions, especially prosocial ones, offers
improved ways of understanding mental health difficulties and their prevention and relief.

Keywords: affiliation, attachment, compassion, emotion, evolution, motive,

parasympathetic, prosocial, oxytocin

 Red : Background
 Green : Aim/purpose
 Yellow : Method
 Turqoise : Result
 Grey : Conclusion

IV. Journal Article #4 (2-3-4-5)

Effects of easy listening music intervention on satisfaction, anxiety, and
pain in patients undergoing colonoscopy: a pilot randomized controlled
trial

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an easy listening music
intervention on satisfaction, anxiety, pain, sedative and analgesic medication
requirements, and physiological parameters in Chinese adult patients undergoing
colonoscopy in Hong Kong. Patients undergoing colonoscopy, aged 45 or older, able to
communicate in Chinese, and hemodynamically stable were invited for the study. A
randomized controlled trial was adopted. Eligible patients were randomly assigned either
to a music group, which received standard care and additional easy listening music (a
series of 15 popular non-rock Chinese songs) through earphones and MP3 for 20 mins
before and during the procedure, or to a control group which received standard care only.
Standard care comprised of all nursing and medical care provided for patients undergoing
colonoscopy. Measures comprised of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, visual analog
scales of pain level, procedure satisfaction and satisfaction with pain management, the use
of sedative and analgesic drugs, heart rate, and blood pressure data were collected at
baseline (T0), during (T1) and 30 mins after the procedure (T2). Eighty participants (40
music vs 40 control) completed the study with no attrition. Participants in the music
group reported significantly higher levels in both procedure satisfaction (p=0.043) and
satisfaction with pain management (p=0.045) than those in the control group. No
significant difference was found between groups on anxiety, pain, additional sedative and
analgesic use, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p>0.05). Nevertheless,
most participants appreciated the songs provided in MP3 and found it helpful for
relaxation during the procedure and would prefer it again (p<0.001). Easy music listening
can enhance patients’ satisfaction in both procedure and pain management for adults
undergoing a colonoscopy procedure.

Keywords: colonoscopy, easy listening music, satisfaction, anxiety, pain

 Red : Background
 Green : Aim/purpose
 Yellow : Method
 Turqoise : Result
 Grey : Conclusion
 REFERENCES

I. Journal Article #1 (1-2-3-4-5)

 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780444537027000075
 https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53702-7.00007-5

II. Journal Article #2 (1-2-3-4)

 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07315724.2007.10719657
 https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2007.10719657

III. Journal Article #3 (2-3-4)

 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.31887/DCNS.2015.17.4/pgilbert

IV. Journal Article #4 (2-3-4-5)

 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6549755/